E. Kassens-Noor, Suk-Kyung Kim, Jun-Hyun Kim, Sinem Mollaoglu, Rabia Faizan, Hui-Chin Huang, Travis Decaminada
Interdisciplinarity is a critical component of creating a more sustainable built environment and improving student learning outcomes. Yet, learning interdisciplinarity and measuring it in higher education is challenging. This study implemented a diagnostic tool that allowed educators to measure how both disciplinary and interdisciplinary skills, knowledge, and values would grow in courses related to sustainable built environments. One school containing four different disciplines devoted to the built environment, was selected as the study area to collect emprical data. Pre- and post-semester surveys were conducted. Among 286 students, interdisciplinarity grew most among students within the school’s majors, while among students from outside the school majors interdisciplinary learning decreased. Though disciplinary learning outpaces interdisciplinary learning the closer students are to earning their bachelor’s or higher degrees. The result showed that students’ knowledge, values and skills differ depending on the majors, their affiliational context, and the year of classification. The result suggests that the timing of teaching interdisciplinary contents should be earlier. The diagnostic tool which measured pre- and post- course disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, skills, and values related to sustainable built environment would also be applicable in other courses in higher education.
{"title":"INTERDISCIPLINARY AND DISCIPLINARY LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY WITH FOUR ACCREDITED PROGRAMS IN THE SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT","authors":"E. Kassens-Noor, Suk-Kyung Kim, Jun-Hyun Kim, Sinem Mollaoglu, Rabia Faizan, Hui-Chin Huang, Travis Decaminada","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.279","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Interdisciplinarity is a critical component of creating a more sustainable built environment and improving student learning outcomes. Yet, learning interdisciplinarity and measuring it in higher education is challenging. This study implemented a diagnostic tool that allowed educators to measure how both disciplinary and interdisciplinary skills, knowledge, and values would grow in courses related to sustainable built environments. One school containing four different disciplines devoted to the built environment, was selected as the study area to collect emprical data. Pre- and post-semester surveys were conducted. Among 286 students, interdisciplinarity grew most among students within the school’s majors, while among students from outside the school majors interdisciplinary learning decreased. Though disciplinary learning outpaces interdisciplinary learning the closer students are to earning their bachelor’s or higher degrees. The result showed that students’ knowledge, values and skills differ depending on the majors, their affiliational context, and the year of classification. The result suggests that the timing of teaching interdisciplinary contents should be earlier.\u0000 The diagnostic tool which measured pre- and post- course disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, skills, and values related to sustainable built environment would also be applicable in other courses in higher education.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77239739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aerogel is an innovative superinsulating material with extremely low thermal conductivity. Currently the cost of aerogel insulation is much higher than the cost of conventional insulation materials, which hinders their widespread application in buildings. In this research, an economical translucent aerogel glazing unit consisting of two clear boundary glass panes and a composite aerogel interlayer was developed, and its thermal and energy performance was studied numerically and experimentally. The results demonstrate that a translucent aerogel glazing with a 8 mm thick composite aerogel interlayer can perform better than a high performance double pane glazing, a typical double pane glazing and the corresponding opal glazing for heating load reduction under a shaded condition, but can only notably outperform an opal glazing for improving building energy performance in heating dominated climate zones, and in the heating period. It also reveals that applying the translucent aerogel glazing is a viable energy efficiency measure mainly for shaded glazing areas, or the glazing areas requiring solar radiation control to prevent sunlight glare. The outcome of this research can give engineers and architects a whole picture about translucent aerogel glazing, especially about the appropriate means of incorporating them into a low energy building.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE THERMAL AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF A TRANSLUCENT AEROGEL GLAZING SYSTEM","authors":"Renjie Zhu, Xiang-Rong Liu, Zhe Liu, Yumeng Ye","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aerogel is an innovative superinsulating material with extremely low thermal conductivity. Currently the cost of aerogel insulation is much higher than the cost of conventional insulation materials, which hinders their widespread application in buildings. In this research, an economical translucent aerogel glazing unit consisting of two clear boundary glass panes and a composite aerogel interlayer was developed, and its thermal and energy performance was studied numerically and experimentally. The results demonstrate that a translucent aerogel glazing with a 8 mm thick composite aerogel interlayer can perform better than a high performance double pane glazing, a typical double pane glazing and the corresponding opal glazing for heating load reduction under a shaded condition, but can only notably outperform an opal glazing for improving building energy performance in heating dominated climate zones, and in the heating period. It also reveals that applying the translucent aerogel glazing is a viable energy efficiency measure mainly for shaded glazing areas, or the glazing areas requiring solar radiation control to prevent sunlight glare. The outcome of this research can give engineers and architects a whole picture about translucent aerogel glazing, especially about the appropriate means of incorporating them into a low energy building.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77134869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The BIM building envelope integrates a BIM building’s internal and external environments, improving energy efficiency and substantially lowering energy usage. This research aimed to assess the energy efficiency of typical building envelope materials in Iran. To do this, we used Autodesk RevitR to generate a generic model and DesignBuilderR to conduct an energy analysis. The BIM building envelope integrates a BIM building’s internal and external environments, improving energy efficiency. A BIM building envelope energy analysis was performed on 58 local wall constructions material in Iran. Then, the energy consumption of a BIM building’s HVAC system was then compared against the costs of all external wall alternatives to determine the optimal layer combination. Consequently, the energy simulation results demonstrated that the double external wall structure, 2AAC block core, with XPS (CFC) insulation exterior wall and the single external wall, PERLEX Ultra-Lightweight (PUW) wall performed better. In addition, the clay block wall is found to be the optimum solution for the case study location. The applicability of the proposed system is validated with a case study of a traditional residential building.
{"title":"BIM-BASED ENERGY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A BUILDING ENVELOPE IN SEMI-ARID CLIMATE ZONE IN THE MIDDLE EAST","authors":"N. Sadeghi, Vahid Faghihi","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The BIM building envelope integrates a BIM building’s internal and external environments, improving energy efficiency and substantially lowering energy usage. This research aimed to assess the energy efficiency of typical building envelope materials in Iran. To do this, we used Autodesk RevitR to generate a generic model and DesignBuilderR to conduct an energy analysis. The BIM building envelope integrates a BIM building’s internal and external environments, improving energy efficiency.\u0000 A BIM building envelope energy analysis was performed on 58 local wall constructions material in Iran. Then, the energy consumption of a BIM building’s HVAC system was then compared against the costs of all external wall alternatives to determine the optimal layer combination. Consequently, the energy simulation results demonstrated that the double external wall structure, 2AAC block core, with XPS (CFC) insulation exterior wall and the single external wall, PERLEX Ultra-Lightweight (PUW) wall performed better. In addition, the clay block wall is found to be the optimum solution for the case study location. The applicability of the proposed system is validated with a case study of a traditional residential building.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86376887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyang Li, Chuting Li, M. Skitmore, Tingen He, T. Jiang
The traditional construction industry has a significant and far-reaching impact on the environment, economy, and society. Green-certified buildings, with LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), DGNB (Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen), or other certifications during the design stage, have great potential for increasing the effective use of resources and energy, reducing pollution, etc., and so their number has increased greatly in recent years. The post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of green buildings involves assessing whether they meet expected performance during the in-use phase and comprises four steps: (i) carrying out the research purpose/goal; (ii) determining the research objectives; (iii) conducting data collection, analysis, and visualization; and (iv) obtaining the results and drawing conclusions. However, there is a lack of reviews of POE research and analysis of reasons for actual performance gaps. In response and through a comprehensive literature review/analysis, this article summarizes the actual performance gaps of various greencertified projects, analyzes the reasons for failures, and proposes potential solutions. It is found that 74%, 12%, and 14% of the projects perform better, similar, and worse, respectively, than their non-green counterparts. Future POE green building projects can be optimized from the perspective of the building, user, and POE system. To optimize green building actual performance, it is important to ensure the sufficient education of installation and maintenance personnel and occupants’ green behavior, while interior design and decoration, the impact of user demographics, and POE performance indicators are key factors to be considered in green building design strategies and lifecycle evaluation systems.
传统建筑行业对环境、经济和社会都有着重大而深远的影响。绿色认证建筑在设计阶段获得LEED (leading in Energy and Environmental Design)、BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method)、DGNB (Deutsches g tesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen)或其他认证，在提高资源和能源的有效利用、减少污染等方面具有巨大潜力，因此近年来数量大幅增加。绿色建筑的使用后评估(POE)包括评估其在使用阶段是否达到预期性能，并包括四个步骤:(i)实施研究目的/目标;(ii)确定研究目标;(iii)进行数据收集、分析和可视化;(四)得出结果和结论。然而，缺乏对POE研究的回顾和对实际性能差距原因的分析。作为回应，本文通过全面的文献回顾/分析，总结了各种绿色认证项目的实际绩效差距，分析了失败的原因，并提出了可能的解决方案。研究发现，74%、12%和14%的项目分别比非绿色项目表现更好、相似和更差。未来的POE绿色建筑项目可以从建筑、用户、POE系统三个方面进行优化。为了优化绿色建筑的实际性能，必须确保对安装维护人员和居住者的绿色行为进行充分的教育，而室内设计和装饰、用户人口统计的影响以及POE性能指标是绿色建筑设计策略和生命周期评估体系中需要考虑的关键因素。
{"title":"THE POST-OCCUPANCY DILEMMA IN GREEN-RATED BUILDINGS: A PERFORMANCE GAP ANALYSIS","authors":"Hongyang Li, Chuting Li, M. Skitmore, Tingen He, T. Jiang","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.259","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The traditional construction industry has a significant and far-reaching impact on the environment, economy, and society. Green-certified buildings, with LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), DGNB (Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen), or other certifications during the design stage, have great potential for increasing the effective use of resources and energy, reducing pollution, etc., and so their number has increased greatly in recent years. The post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of green buildings involves assessing whether they meet expected performance during the in-use phase and comprises four steps: (i) carrying out the research purpose/goal; (ii) determining the research objectives; (iii) conducting data collection, analysis, and visualization; and (iv) obtaining the results and drawing conclusions. However, there is a lack of reviews of POE research and analysis of reasons for actual performance gaps. In response and through a comprehensive literature review/analysis, this article summarizes the actual performance gaps of various greencertified projects, analyzes the reasons for failures, and proposes potential solutions. It is found that 74%, 12%, and 14% of the projects perform better, similar, and worse, respectively, than their non-green counterparts. Future POE green building projects can be optimized from the perspective of the building, user, and POE system. To optimize green building actual performance, it is important to ensure the sufficient education of installation and maintenance personnel and occupants’ green behavior, while interior design and decoration, the impact of user demographics, and POE performance indicators are key factors to be considered in green building design strategies and lifecycle evaluation systems.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85604258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most engineers predict future building energy consumption via simulation programs in the pre-design phase. In this process, many simulation steps have to be repeated to predict building energy consumption. The authors in this article proposed another way to select optimal building materials for saving commercial building energy in the U.S. using soft computing methods. To achieve the research goal, reliable public data that is provided by the U.S. Energy Information Administration was used. The data contain numerous energyrelated characteristics of buildings including gas, electricity, types of materials, and climate conditions of 6,700 commercial buildings located in the U.S. This study utilized two methods to find out optimal building materials for saving energy. First, the Principle Component Analysis was used to determine which building characteristics among over 400 characteristics have the greatest impact on gas and electricity consumption. Second, Association Rule Mining was used to extract combinations of optimal building materials. Since a building consists of a combination of various materials, energy simulation should predict for multiple factors rather than a single factor. The use of these methods would greatly reduce resources, such as limited budget and time, during the simulation process.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF BUILDING MATERIAL SELECTION FOR ENERGY SAVING IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS","authors":"Juntae Jake Son, Byeongjoon Noh, Hansaem Park","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.89","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most engineers predict future building energy consumption via simulation programs in the pre-design phase. In this process, many simulation steps have to be repeated to predict building energy consumption. The authors in this article proposed another way to select optimal building materials for saving commercial building energy in the U.S. using soft computing methods.\u0000 To achieve the research goal, reliable public data that is provided by the U.S. Energy Information Administration was used. The data contain numerous energyrelated characteristics of buildings including gas, electricity, types of materials, and climate conditions of 6,700 commercial buildings located in the U.S. This study utilized two methods to find out optimal building materials for saving energy. First, the Principle Component Analysis was used to determine which building characteristics among over 400 characteristics have the greatest impact on gas and electricity consumption. Second, Association Rule Mining was used to extract combinations of optimal building materials. Since a building consists of a combination of various materials, energy simulation should predict for multiple factors rather than a single factor. The use of these methods would greatly reduce resources, such as limited budget and time, during the simulation process.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73017279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hugo, Chrisna du Plessis, Andy van den Dobbelsteen
Zero-Acreage Farming (ZAF) recently developed as a novel land-use form and is aimed at addressing food security and sustainable urban development. While it is often lauded as a sustainable land-use form with potential to improve resource consumption and urban sustainability, little research into the spatial and technological requirements of this land-use form is available. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of ZAF and ground-based urban agriculture (UA) farms in diverse countries to differentiate their technical and spatial implementation parameters and uncover ZAF-specific characteristics and their implementation feasibility in rapidly developing cities. This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews, triangulated with observational studies, to document ZAF and UA farms in South Africa, Belgium, the Netherlands and Singapore. The findings reveal UA as highly flexible, modular landuse forms while, contrastingly, the technological focus of ZAF farms often results in monofunctional and inflexible once implemented, isolated, and non-contextual solutions. While ZAF farms are appropriate to improve livelihoods and food security in dense urban contexts, the study highlights trends that must be addressed to promote the implementation of ZAF in poorer rapidly developing cities.
{"title":"ZERO-ACREAGE FARMING DRIVING SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: A SPATIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF URBAN AGRICULTURE FARMS","authors":"J. Hugo, Chrisna du Plessis, Andy van den Dobbelsteen","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Zero-Acreage Farming (ZAF) recently developed as a novel land-use form and is aimed at addressing food security and sustainable urban development. While it is often lauded as a sustainable land-use form with potential to improve resource consumption and urban sustainability, little research into the spatial and technological requirements of this land-use form is available. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of ZAF and ground-based urban agriculture (UA) farms in diverse countries to differentiate their technical and spatial implementation parameters and uncover ZAF-specific characteristics and their implementation feasibility in rapidly developing cities. This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews, triangulated with observational studies, to document ZAF and UA farms in South Africa, Belgium, the Netherlands and Singapore. The findings reveal UA as highly flexible, modular landuse forms while, contrastingly, the technological focus of ZAF farms often results in monofunctional and inflexible once implemented, isolated, and non-contextual solutions. While ZAF farms are appropriate to improve livelihoods and food security in dense urban contexts, the study highlights trends that must be addressed to promote the implementation of ZAF in poorer rapidly developing cities.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82439454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Residents’ attitudes towards new bio-based products such as wood play an important role in the anticipated transition towards a forest-based bioeconomy. Timber apartment buildings (over two-story) represent a modern bio-based business opportunity for endorsing low-carbon urban housing. This paper investigated residents’ experience in timber apartment buildings in Finland. In this study, a questionnaire was conducted among residents. The 308 received responses highlighted that: (1) residents were mostly quite satisfied with their current residence, living environment, and apartment’s functionality, (2) respondents had generally a positive attitude towards overall appearance and architecture of their buildings, (3) the majority thought that ecological issues would influence their own choice of residence, (4) presence of fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system were assessed as the factors that improve life safety, (5) participants mostly drew attention to the properties of timber apartment buildings regarding good sound insulation and good indoor climate, and (6) surveyed residents would most like to move into two-story residential buildings and apartment buildings. These results will help provide a better understanding of the contemporary timber residential market and constitute a basis for interested parties e.g. policymakers, developers, and construction companies to pave better ways for future housing development in Finland.
{"title":"RESIDENTS’ EXPERIENCE IN TIMBER APARTMENT BUILDINGS IN FINLAND","authors":"M. Karjalainen, H. E. Ilgın","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Residents’ attitudes towards new bio-based products such as wood play an important role in the anticipated transition towards a forest-based bioeconomy. Timber apartment buildings (over two-story) represent a modern bio-based business opportunity for endorsing low-carbon urban housing. This paper investigated residents’ experience in timber apartment buildings in Finland. In this study, a questionnaire was conducted among residents. The 308 received responses highlighted that: (1) residents were mostly quite satisfied with their current residence, living environment, and apartment’s functionality, (2) respondents had generally a positive attitude towards overall appearance and architecture of their buildings, (3) the majority thought that ecological issues would influence their own choice of residence, (4) presence of fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system were assessed as the factors that improve life safety, (5) participants mostly drew attention to the properties of timber apartment buildings regarding good sound insulation and good indoor climate, and (6) surveyed residents would most like to move into two-story residential buildings and apartment buildings. These results will help provide a better understanding of the contemporary timber residential market and constitute a basis for interested parties e.g. policymakers, developers, and construction companies to pave better ways for future housing development in Finland.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90967373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adobe is a traditional masonry made of sundried earthen bricks and mud mortar. Despite a millennial history of buildings of architectural value, adobe still connotes a so called ‘not engineered’ construction type. Namely, the material and structural properties of adobe are still not entirely addressed, resulting in an equally uncertain normative framework for adobe buildings design. However, over the last ten years, a large research program has been conducted in the Netherlands to qualify the material and structural properties of this sustainable building technology. In this paper, a critical analysis of the current normative body for the material characterization of adobe is addressed. Guidelines, prescriptions and requirements related to test methods, materials selection and properties contained in the available building codes for adobe around the world are assessed. A critical normative review is performed using the most recent literature produced on adobe, with particular regards to the results of experimental tests and numerical simulations performed by the authors. On the basis of these findings, some issues have been identified in relation to the knowledge currently condensed in the norms for adobe. A series of programmatic guidelines is aimed at orienting future research on adobe as well as fostering the process of updating its current normative body.
{"title":"CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ADOBE ELEMENTS","authors":"T. Li Piani, J. Weerheijm, L. Sluys","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Adobe is a traditional masonry made of sundried earthen bricks and mud mortar. Despite a millennial history of buildings of architectural value, adobe still connotes a so called ‘not engineered’ construction type. Namely, the material and structural properties of adobe are still not entirely addressed, resulting in an equally uncertain normative framework for adobe buildings design. However, over the last ten years, a large research program has been conducted in the Netherlands to qualify the material and structural properties of this sustainable building technology. In this paper, a critical analysis of the current normative body for the material characterization of adobe is addressed. Guidelines, prescriptions and requirements related to test methods, materials selection and properties contained in the available building codes for adobe around the world are assessed. A critical normative review is performed using the most recent literature produced on adobe, with particular regards to the results of experimental tests and numerical simulations performed by the authors. On the basis of these findings, some issues have been identified in relation to the knowledge currently condensed in the norms for adobe. A series of programmatic guidelines is aimed at orienting future research on adobe as well as fostering the process of updating its current normative body.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90379436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, researchers have been actively attempting to integrate biological materials into static building envelope systems. One promising approach is the integration of flat panel photobioreactors into building envelope systems and the BIQ (Bio-Intelligent Quotient) house is the state-of-the-art case building; however, the additional costs for glazing systems to contain photobioreactors, complexity of controlling cultures for microalgae growth, and difficulty of providing indoor environmental quality have kept flat panel photobioreactor systems from being applied widely. If we are able to bring about pleasant physical comforts for occupants through the use of shading devices capable of functioning as the photobioreactors, we can not only grow microalgae but also use less operational energy input to provide better IEQ for occupants. To this end, this study has explored a way to optimize the physical and functional properties of photobioreactor (for Chlorella sp.)-integrated shading devices (specifically vertical louvers). To find the optimal shape for static vertical louvers to be positioned on the west-facing facade, parametric design studies were conducted. To find the optimal vertical louver geometry among numerous alternatives, computer simulations were conducted in terms of three performance criteria (thermal balance by solar radiation, Daylight Autonomy, and microalgae growth rate) and an optimal option was found with the genetic algorithm optimization solver. To ensure reliability of the computer simulation (including numerical model) results, a series of experiments was conducted under the analogous climatic conditions; the computer simulation results were validated with the experimental data. When it comes to hourly indoor illuminance performance, the error between experimental data and computer simulation results was within a range of 5–20%; for average microalgae growth rate, the error was up to 19.9%. Despite the relatively high error between the simulation results and measurements, considering ever-changing light intensity conditions in our measurement compared to that of the computer simulation, it was justifiable to utilize the computer simulation results for the current parametric design study. Finally, the biofuel energy production from the proposed static envelope system was estimated to be 16.5 kWh/m2yr, which is smaller than the state-of-the-art annual biofuel energy production (30.0 kWh/m2yr) from the BIQ house. Nevertheless, the results are promising, given that we used the worst cultivation conditions for the microalgae in the current study.
{"title":"PARAMETRIC DESIGN STUDY OF A PROPOSED PHOTOBIOREACTOR-INTEGRATED VERTICAL LOUVER SYSTEM FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS","authors":"Deok-Oh Woo, Dawon Lee, Suk Lee","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.33","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, researchers have been actively attempting to integrate biological materials into static building envelope systems. One promising approach is the integration of flat panel photobioreactors into building envelope systems and the BIQ (Bio-Intelligent Quotient) house is the state-of-the-art case building; however, the additional costs for glazing systems to contain photobioreactors, complexity of controlling cultures for microalgae growth, and difficulty of providing indoor environmental quality have kept flat panel photobioreactor systems from being applied widely. If we are able to bring about pleasant physical comforts for occupants through the use of shading devices capable of functioning as the photobioreactors, we can not only grow microalgae but also use less operational energy input to provide better IEQ for occupants. To this end, this study has explored a way to optimize the physical and functional properties of photobioreactor (for Chlorella sp.)-integrated shading devices (specifically vertical louvers). To find the optimal shape for static vertical louvers to be positioned on the west-facing facade, parametric design studies were conducted. To find the optimal vertical louver geometry among numerous alternatives, computer simulations were conducted in terms of three performance criteria (thermal balance by solar radiation, Daylight Autonomy, and microalgae growth rate) and an optimal option was found with the genetic algorithm optimization solver. To ensure reliability of the computer simulation (including numerical model) results, a series of experiments was conducted under the analogous climatic conditions; the computer simulation results were validated with the experimental data. When it comes to hourly indoor illuminance performance, the error between experimental data and computer simulation results was within a range of 5–20%; for average microalgae growth rate, the error was up to 19.9%. Despite the relatively high error between the simulation results and measurements, considering ever-changing light intensity conditions in our measurement compared to that of the computer simulation, it was justifiable to utilize the computer simulation results for the current parametric design study. Finally, the biofuel energy production from the proposed static envelope system was estimated to be 16.5 kWh/m2yr, which is smaller than the state-of-the-art annual biofuel energy production (30.0 kWh/m2yr) from the BIQ house. Nevertheless, the results are promising, given that we used the worst cultivation conditions for the microalgae in the current study.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88582036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The urgency of addressing climate change challenges architectural educators to employ methods for cultivating stewardship in emerging designers by integrating a broad array of performance domains into the curriculum. Voices from the Field is an experiential applied professional practice course that employs cases pursuing high performance building certifications to demonstrate the interrelationship of technical, organizational, behavioral, and operational domains during the process of taking buildings from concept to realization. This study contributes to the literature on teaching with case-based pedagogical methods by employing qualitative data analysis of four sets of course deliverables produced by students who studied two Living Building Challenge (LBC) projects. The findings indicate that students gained an understanding of the integrated nature of design, and an awareness of the necessity of “Backwards Design” and “Tactical Materiality” to meet contemporary climate challenges. Additionally, students increased their understanding of the strategies, attitudes, and behaviors necessary to apply their sustainable ideals to real-world dilemmas in order to build a more just and sustainable society.
应对气候变化的紧迫性挑战了建筑教育工作者，他们需要通过将广泛的表现领域整合到课程中来培养新兴设计师的管理能力。“现场之声”是一门经验应用专业实践课程，通过追求高性能建筑认证的案例来展示建筑从概念到实现过程中技术、组织、行为和运营领域的相互关系。本研究通过对参与两个生活建筑挑战(Living Building Challenge, LBC)项目的学生所产生的四组课程成果进行定性数据分析，为案例教学法的教学文献做出贡献。研究结果表明，学生们理解了设计的整体性，并意识到“逆向设计”和“战术物质性”的必要性，以应对当代气候挑战。此外，学生们提高了对策略、态度和行为的理解，将他们的可持续理想应用于现实世界的困境，以建立一个更加公正和可持续的社会。
{"title":"CULTIVATING STEWARDSHIP IN THE NEXT GENERATION OF DESIGNERS: EMPLOYING AN EXPERIENTIAL CASEBASED METHOD USING LIVING BUILDING PROJECTS","authors":"Caryn Brause Faia","doi":"10.3992/jgb.17.2.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.2.235","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The urgency of addressing climate change challenges architectural educators to employ methods for cultivating stewardship in emerging designers by integrating a broad array of performance domains into the curriculum. Voices from the Field is an experiential applied professional practice course that employs cases pursuing high performance building certifications to demonstrate the interrelationship of technical, organizational, behavioral, and operational domains during the process of taking buildings from concept to realization. This study contributes to the literature on teaching with case-based pedagogical methods by employing qualitative data analysis of four sets of course deliverables produced by students who studied two Living Building Challenge (LBC) projects. The findings indicate that students gained an understanding of the integrated nature of design, and an awareness of the necessity of “Backwards Design” and “Tactical Materiality” to meet contemporary climate challenges. Additionally, students increased their understanding of the strategies, attitudes, and behaviors necessary to apply their sustainable ideals to real-world dilemmas in order to build a more just and sustainable society.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84517752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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