This study suggests a design technique by evaluating and predicting the thermal performance of the passive design technique, which can be introduced in the early design stage, by focusing on office buildings in temperate climate conditions. In the case of office buildings, the thermal environment should be significantly improved, as the energy load ratio is high due to the climatic environment and physical environmental conditions. Therefore, among the passive design techniques introduced in our previous studies, the level of energy reduction in cooling and heating loads, focusing on the south orientation, sun shading form, courtyard, atrium, horizontal louver, vertical louver, raised roof, and green roof, which control the thermal environment, were comparatively analyzed through simulation. The relative energy load of the analysis model (compared to the base model) was calculated to compare and analyze the environmental performance between the passive design techniques. From the analysis, it was found that reducing the area of solar gain in summer or applying a solar shading device are the most effective passive design techniques for office buildings in temperate climates.
{"title":"THERMAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PASSIVE DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR GREEN BUILDINGS IN TEMPERATE CLIMATES","authors":"Nam-Young Jeong, Jiyoung Lee","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.191","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study suggests a design technique by evaluating and predicting the thermal performance of the passive design technique, which can be introduced in the early design stage, by focusing on office buildings in temperate climate conditions. In the case of office buildings, the thermal environment should be significantly improved, as the energy load ratio is high due to the climatic environment and physical environmental conditions. Therefore, among the passive design techniques introduced in our previous studies, the level of energy reduction in cooling and heating loads, focusing on the south orientation, sun shading form, courtyard, atrium, horizontal louver, vertical louver, raised roof, and green roof, which control the thermal environment, were comparatively analyzed through simulation. The relative energy load of the analysis model (compared to the base model) was calculated to compare and analyze the environmental performance between the passive design techniques. From the analysis, it was found that reducing the area of solar gain in summer or applying a solar shading device are the most effective passive design techniques for office buildings in temperate climates.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigates the durability of waste banana fiber (BF) reinforced Earth of Datça (ED)-based geopolymer (EDBG) mortar under consecutive cycles of freeze-thaw, wetting-drying, and sulfate attack tests. ED is the volcanic tuff of the Datça Peninsula in Türkiye and was utilized as an aluminosilicate source, while sodium silicate (SS) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions were used for alkaline activation. BF with a 20-mm length was added to the geopolymer mortar in the contents of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%. Mortars were cured at 70°C and 95±5% RH for 24h, followed by ambient air curing at 20 °C and 55±5% RH for 28 days. In parallel with the increase in the fiber content added to the geopolymer (EDG) mortar, there was a slight decrease in compressive strengths but a significant increase in flexural strengths, as expected. This trend was also observed after all aging tests except after the sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) attack. With the 1.5% BF inclusion, the gain in compressive strength, flexural strength and weight was 27.31%, 12.79%, and 1.58% respectively, which might be due to the crystallization of the absorbed salts inside the structure. Among the aging tests, although freeze-thaw has the most deteriorating effect on both EDG and EDBG mortars, the utilization of fiber decreased the damage to the material, and the integrity of the material was maintained. The behavior of the material under the effect of wetting-drying can be defined as “0-specimen intact.” Therefore, it was proven that the use of banana fiber enhanced the durability of EDBG mortars under the aforementioned aging tests, and the building material produced within this experimental study can be used safely.
{"title":"DURABILITY BEHAVIOR OF BANANA FIBER-REINFORCED NATURAL POZZOLAN GEOPOLYMER","authors":"K. Bariş, L. Tanaçan","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.149","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research investigates the durability of waste banana fiber (BF) reinforced Earth of Datça (ED)-based geopolymer (EDBG) mortar under consecutive cycles of freeze-thaw, wetting-drying, and sulfate attack tests. ED is the volcanic tuff of the Datça Peninsula in Türkiye and was utilized as an aluminosilicate source, while sodium silicate (SS) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions were used for alkaline activation. BF with a 20-mm length was added to the geopolymer mortar in the contents of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%. Mortars were cured at 70°C and 95±5% RH for 24h, followed by ambient air curing at 20 °C and 55±5% RH for 28 days. In parallel with the increase in the fiber content added to the geopolymer (EDG) mortar, there was a slight decrease in compressive strengths but a significant increase in flexural strengths, as expected. This trend was also observed after all aging tests except after the sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) attack. With the 1.5% BF inclusion, the gain in compressive strength, flexural strength and weight was 27.31%, 12.79%, and 1.58% respectively, which might be due to the crystallization of the absorbed salts inside the structure. Among the aging tests, although freeze-thaw has the most deteriorating effect on both EDG and EDBG mortars, the utilization of fiber decreased the damage to the material, and the integrity of the material was maintained. The behavior of the material under the effect of wetting-drying can be defined as “0-specimen intact.” Therefore, it was proven that the use of banana fiber enhanced the durability of EDBG mortars under the aforementioned aging tests, and the building material produced within this experimental study can be used safely.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana A. Brito Picciotto, Christopher Nielson, L. Fiocchi
The R.W. Kern Center is a 16,940 square-foot mass timber-structured institutional building located on Hampshire College’s campus in Amherst, MA. It is the 17th certified Living Building in the world. The focus of this work is the examination of the use of Double Stud Wood Wall (DSWW) construction, an atypical system in an institutional building of this scale, Light-Frame Steel Wall (LFSW) being the typical strategy. The success of this system, in non-residential construction, with the increased internal loads as compared to residential buildings, the associated and elevated concern of high R-value walls, low temperatures at the exterior sheathing, and subsequent susceptibility to moisture-related problems from condensation due to mass transport and mass transfer via interior moisture migration through the assembly within low dewpoint probable temperature periods of the year is of interest. During the Kern Center’s design (September 2013–September 2014) and construction (October 2014–April 2016), although there existed a substantial body of information referencing the control of air and vapor movement as related to humidity levels within wall assemblies using assorted membranes, tapes, caulks, and gaskets, there was not a definitive solution to ensure the wall assembly’s performance and durability. In depth examination of the DSWW strategy in the Kern Center was made possible by the availability of three years of post-occupancy data collected by multiple sensors on all cardinal elevations. This allowed the evaluation of condensation risks and assembly drying potential throughout the year based on sensor data of exterior weather and interior conditioned space sensible air temperature (T), dewpoint air temperature (DP), relative humidity (RH), and absolute humidity (AH), as well as sensor data from within the assemblies, i.e., sensible and DP temperatures, RH, AH, and moisture content (MC). This study provides unique and valuable information for researchers, designers, and constructors concerned with best practices for moisture management in Double Stud Wood Walls (DSWW) in non-residential construction while targeting low embodied carbon footprint goals.
{"title":"HYGROTHERMAL ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE-STUD WOOD WALLS IN NON-RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION","authors":"Diana A. Brito Picciotto, Christopher Nielson, L. Fiocchi","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The R.W. Kern Center is a 16,940 square-foot mass timber-structured institutional building located on Hampshire College’s campus in Amherst, MA. It is the 17th certified Living Building in the world. The focus of this work is the examination of the use of Double Stud Wood Wall (DSWW) construction, an atypical system in an institutional building of this scale, Light-Frame Steel Wall (LFSW) being the typical strategy.\u0000 The success of this system, in non-residential construction, with the increased internal loads as compared to residential buildings, the associated and elevated concern of high R-value walls, low temperatures at the exterior sheathing, and subsequent susceptibility to moisture-related problems from condensation due to mass transport and mass transfer via interior moisture migration through the assembly within low dewpoint probable temperature periods of the year is of interest.\u0000 During the Kern Center’s design (September 2013–September 2014) and construction (October 2014–April 2016), although there existed a substantial body of information referencing the control of air and vapor movement as related to humidity levels within wall assemblies using assorted membranes, tapes, caulks, and gaskets, there was not a definitive solution to ensure the wall assembly’s performance and durability.\u0000 In depth examination of the DSWW strategy in the Kern Center was made possible by the availability of three years of post-occupancy data collected by multiple sensors on all cardinal elevations. This allowed the evaluation of condensation risks and assembly drying potential throughout the year based on sensor data of exterior weather and interior conditioned space sensible air temperature (T), dewpoint air temperature (DP), relative humidity (RH), and absolute humidity (AH), as well as sensor data from within the assemblies, i.e., sensible and DP temperatures, RH, AH, and moisture content (MC).\u0000 This study provides unique and valuable information for researchers, designers, and constructors concerned with best practices for moisture management in Double Stud Wood Walls (DSWW) in non-residential construction while targeting low embodied carbon footprint goals.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"3 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138625313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, awareness of the importance of the indoor environment has increased. The indoor light environment is crucial because it impacts the energy consumption of buildings and affects human health and biorhythms as people spend most of their time indoors. Previous studies have concluded that the indoor light environment is essential to human health. However, it is not sufficient to analyze and evaluate the indoor light environment related to occupants’ health in the context of building design. Therefore, this study aims to review and propose an indoor light environment evaluation methodology for human well-being using quantitative and qualitative evaluations of light, health, and environment. This study presents guidelines for evaluating buildings’ indoor light environment for sustainability and well-being. Additionally, it provides an overall checklist of the indoor light environment evaluation process in Conceptualization, Light Environment Identification, Questionnaire, Environment Analysis, Comparison, and Conclusion. The evaluation checklist established through the results of this study could help establish a research methodology for the indoor light environment for human well-being, and apply it to evaluate indoor light environments for residents’ comfort and well-being.
{"title":"A STUDY ON THE EVALUATION METHODS OF INDOOR LIGHT ENVIRONMENT FOR OCCUPANT COMFORT AND WELL-BEING","authors":"Ki Rim Kim, Kyung Sun Lee, Jaewook Lee","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.99","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since the COVID-19 pandemic, awareness of the importance of the indoor environment has increased. The indoor light environment is crucial because it impacts the energy consumption of buildings and affects human health and biorhythms as people spend most of their time indoors. Previous studies have concluded that the indoor light environment is essential to human health. However, it is not sufficient to analyze and evaluate the indoor light environment related to occupants’ health in the context of building design. Therefore, this study aims to review and propose an indoor light environment evaluation methodology for human well-being using quantitative and qualitative evaluations of light, health, and environment. This study presents guidelines for evaluating buildings’ indoor light environment for sustainability and well-being. Additionally, it provides an overall checklist of the indoor light environment evaluation process in Conceptualization, Light Environment Identification, Questionnaire, Environment Analysis, Comparison, and Conclusion. The evaluation checklist established through the results of this study could help establish a research methodology for the indoor light environment for human well-being, and apply it to evaluate indoor light environments for residents’ comfort and well-being.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":" 79","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and integrating indoor data into architectural design is a critical component of green building design for building occupants’ comfort and health. With a growing emphasis on creating healthy and comfortable indoor environments in green buildings, indoor data in architectural design has increasingly incorporated quantitative methods to analyze and optimize indoor environmental quality parameters. Data-driven design in architecture has been used as a decision-making approach to the green building design process; it has implications for the building occupants to voluntarily enhance their indoor environments and comfort. A higher degree of personal control for indoor environmental quality (IEQ) leads to higher satisfaction, energy savings, and productivity in work environments. IEQ data access related to thermal, visual, and acoustic comforts and indoor air enables occupants to acquire ownership of indoor controls, contributing to their comfort and task productivity. Undergraduate architecture students carried out a series of data-driven designs for IEQ monitoring and design integrations by conducting a field study, data collection, data analysis, and visualization, and linking findings to architectural proposals. Participating groups were requested to i) theoretically understand IEQ data parameters for four primary indoor environments, ii) experimentally conduct a field survey of target spaces, iii) numerically predict IEQ conditions by using diverse simulation tools and measurement devices, iv) graphically visualize IEQ findings, and v) finally integrate findings into the architectural design as a solutional proposal. The findings highlight that the potential of quantitative approaches in architectural design enhances students’ understanding of environmental contributors and design solutions for occupants’ comfort and health.
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN FOR USER-ORIENTED INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY","authors":"Jeehwan Lee","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.219","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Understanding indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and integrating indoor data into architectural design is a critical component of green building design for building occupants’ comfort and health. With a growing emphasis on creating healthy and comfortable indoor environments in green buildings, indoor data in architectural design has increasingly incorporated quantitative methods to analyze and optimize indoor environmental quality parameters.\u0000 Data-driven design in architecture has been used as a decision-making approach to the green building design process; it has implications for the building occupants to voluntarily enhance their indoor environments and comfort. A higher degree of personal control for indoor environmental quality (IEQ) leads to higher satisfaction, energy savings, and productivity in work environments. IEQ data access related to thermal, visual, and acoustic comforts and indoor air enables occupants to acquire ownership of indoor controls, contributing to their comfort and task productivity.\u0000 Undergraduate architecture students carried out a series of data-driven designs for IEQ monitoring and design integrations by conducting a field study, data collection, data analysis, and visualization, and linking findings to architectural proposals. Participating groups were requested to i) theoretically understand IEQ data parameters for four primary indoor environments, ii) experimentally conduct a field survey of target spaces, iii) numerically predict IEQ conditions by using diverse simulation tools and measurement devices, iv) graphically visualize IEQ findings, and v) finally integrate findings into the architectural design as a solutional proposal. The findings highlight that the potential of quantitative approaches in architectural design enhances students’ understanding of environmental contributors and design solutions for occupants’ comfort and health.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The health and safety maturity of 20 sustainable building projects and 21 non-sustainable ones in Manitoba was evaluated using a Sustainable Health and Safety Maturity Model comprising 22 safety maturity drivers and 251 critical to safety practices assessed via a questionnaire survey. Sustainable building projects were found to have a higher level of health and safety maturity than that of the non-sustainable ones. Larger-sized companies were found to implement more mature health and safety practices on their sustainable building and non-sustainable building projects than smaller and medium sized companies. The safety maturity drivers of “safety policy and standard implementation,” “safety inspections” and “incident investigation, reporting and performance” were the most mature on sustainable building and non-sustainable building projects whereas “designing for safety,” and “alcohol and drug testing” were the least mature. General contractors can use the maturity model to evaluate and improve their projects’ health and safety maturity. Safety practitioners can also focus efforts on the safety maturity drivers with the highest influence to help enhance the effectiveness of their safety programs, especially when faced with resource constraints.
{"title":"EVALUATING THE HEALTH AND SAFETY MATURITY OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PROJECTS USING A SUSTAINABLE HEALTH AND SAFETY MATURITY MODEL","authors":"Bezalel Orogun, Mohamed H Issa","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.57","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The health and safety maturity of 20 sustainable building projects and 21 non-sustainable ones in Manitoba was evaluated using a Sustainable Health and Safety Maturity Model comprising 22 safety maturity drivers and 251 critical to safety practices assessed via a questionnaire survey. Sustainable building projects were found to have a higher level of health and safety maturity than that of the non-sustainable ones. Larger-sized companies were found to implement more mature health and safety practices on their sustainable building and non-sustainable building projects than smaller and medium sized companies. The safety maturity drivers of “safety policy and standard implementation,” “safety inspections” and “incident investigation, reporting and performance” were the most mature on sustainable building and non-sustainable building projects whereas “designing for safety,” and “alcohol and drug testing” were the least mature. General contractors can use the maturity model to evaluate and improve their projects’ health and safety maturity. Safety practitioners can also focus efforts on the safety maturity drivers with the highest influence to help enhance the effectiveness of their safety programs, especially when faced with resource constraints.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qinchuan Chen, Suk-Kyung Kim, Juyeon Han, Cherry Kim
With the growing recognition of the importance of health and well-being in the realm of education, there has been increasing interest in designing healthy K–12 schools that prioritize the well-being of students and staff. In this context, the WELL Building Standard has emerged as a leading framework for promoting health and wellness. Despite the WELL Building Standard receiving more attention in the architectural and interior design industry, there is a lack of empirical research on its implementation in the educational sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential benefits and challenges of implementing the WELL standard in K–12 schools and to capture best practices. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, employing both a literature review and a case study approach. Ten previous studies were reviewed, and five K–12 schools that received the highest WELL certifications, including Platinum and Gold, were examined. The literature review has confirmed the effectiveness of WELL in enhancing occupants’ well-being in the context of K–12 schools, as well as the challenges associated with its implementation. Furthermore, the case study has identified the key features of the WELL-certified K–12 schools. These features can serve as examples of best practices for creating healthy and sustainable school designs in the future. This paper’s findings contribute to the development of future K–12 schools by providing designers, architects, educators, and policymakers insights for creating healthier and more sustainable learning environments.
{"title":"EXPLORING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF WELL-CERTIFIED K-12 SCHOOLS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON INTERNATIONAL CASES","authors":"Qinchuan Chen, Suk-Kyung Kim, Juyeon Han, Cherry Kim","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.169","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the growing recognition of the importance of health and well-being in the realm of education, there has been increasing interest in designing healthy K–12 schools that prioritize the well-being of students and staff. In this context, the WELL Building Standard has emerged as a leading framework for promoting health and wellness. Despite the WELL Building Standard receiving more attention in the architectural and interior design industry, there is a lack of empirical research on its implementation in the educational sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential benefits and challenges of implementing the WELL standard in K–12 schools and to capture best practices. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, employing both a literature review and a case study approach. Ten previous studies were reviewed, and five K–12 schools that received the highest WELL certifications, including Platinum and Gold, were examined. The literature review has confirmed the effectiveness of WELL in enhancing occupants’ well-being in the context of K–12 schools, as well as the challenges associated with its implementation. Furthermore, the case study has identified the key features of the WELL-certified K–12 schools. These features can serve as examples of best practices for creating healthy and sustainable school designs in the future. This paper’s findings contribute to the development of future K–12 schools by providing designers, architects, educators, and policymakers insights for creating healthier and more sustainable learning environments.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"7 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green building has been deemed an important endeavor to promote sustainable building development. However, knowledge from different standards, different companies, and different software in the green building domain is difficult to share and reuse since different terminologies, measurement indicators, and criteria are adopted. Therefore, there is a need to create a consistent knowledge representation model in the green building domain. This study proposes a green building ontology (GB-Onto) which is an abstract conceptualization of the knowledge in the green building domain. To build the ontology more effectively, this study adopts the ontology learning method which is based on NLP and machine learning techniques. An improved TF-IDF method is introduced to extract concepts in the green building domain. Concept inclusion and semantic networks method are integrated to extract taxonomic relations. The associate rule method is used for extracting non-taxonomic relations. Finally, all these methods are implemented by adopting software and Python programming. The GB-Onto is evaluated through consistency checking and criteria-based evaluation. The GB-Onto fills the knowledge gap by providing a formal and shared vocabulary for the green building domain which promotes knowledge reuse and sharing among different stakeholders.
{"title":"ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR GREEN BUILDING BY USING A SEMI-AUTOMATIC METHOD","authors":"Hang Yan, Yiming Shi, Xuteng Lu","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.129","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Green building has been deemed an important endeavor to promote sustainable building development. However, knowledge from different standards, different companies, and different software in the green building domain is difficult to share and reuse since different terminologies, measurement indicators, and criteria are adopted. Therefore, there is a need to create a consistent knowledge representation model in the green building domain. This study proposes a green building ontology (GB-Onto) which is an abstract conceptualization of the knowledge in the green building domain. To build the ontology more effectively, this study adopts the ontology learning method which is based on NLP and machine learning techniques. An improved TF-IDF method is introduced to extract concepts in the green building domain. Concept inclusion and semantic networks method are integrated to extract taxonomic relations. The associate rule method is used for extracting non-taxonomic relations. Finally, all these methods are implemented by adopting software and Python programming. The GB-Onto is evaluated through consistency checking and criteria-based evaluation. The GB-Onto fills the knowledge gap by providing a formal and shared vocabulary for the green building domain which promotes knowledge reuse and sharing among different stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alkadri, Francesco De Luca, M. Turrin, Muhammad Rafif Cahyadi Agung
This study proposes a novel method of solar geometry by considering the potential application of point cloud data combined with the simulation of solar radiation. With the support of geometric and radiometric information stored in the point cloud such as position information (XYZ) color information (RGB), and reflection intensity (I), architects may compensate for missing information on the existing context during the simulation, especially due to the limited capacity of current 3D modelling sites. However, the dataset often comes in the format of unstructured point cloud data retrieved from merged data scans and as a result, the radiometric information is difficult to occupy due to multiple reference points. Through a 3D subtractive procedure, this study not only examines volumetric samples of the three-dimensional matrix that fulfills the criteria of solar envelopes but also finds the optimal values of the merged data scan for input of solar radiation. In this regard, simulation of solar radiation contributes to identifying the most and the least exposed areas to the sun in existing contexts. This provides information related to visible sun hours that can be used to perform ray tracing analysis between the proposed 3D plot and surrounding contexts. Our proposed method ultimately helps architects not only generate solar geometry based on real contextual settings but also to understand comprehensively the microclimate conditions of the design context.
{"title":"QUICK PROTOCOL FOR INTEGRATING THE ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION OF UNSTRUCTURED POINT CLOUD DATA INTO A SOLAR ENVELOPE SIMULATION","authors":"M. Alkadri, Francesco De Luca, M. Turrin, Muhammad Rafif Cahyadi Agung","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study proposes a novel method of solar geometry by considering the potential application of point cloud data combined with the simulation of solar radiation. With the support of geometric and radiometric information stored in the point cloud such as position information (XYZ) color information (RGB), and reflection intensity (I), architects may compensate for missing information on the existing context during the simulation, especially due to the limited capacity of current 3D modelling sites. However, the dataset often comes in the format of unstructured point cloud data retrieved from merged data scans and as a result, the radiometric information is difficult to occupy due to multiple reference points. Through a 3D subtractive procedure, this study not only examines volumetric samples of the three-dimensional matrix that fulfills the criteria of solar envelopes but also finds the optimal values of the merged data scan for input of solar radiation. In this regard, simulation of solar radiation contributes to identifying the most and the least exposed areas to the sun in existing contexts. This provides information related to visible sun hours that can be used to perform ray tracing analysis between the proposed 3D plot and surrounding contexts. Our proposed method ultimately helps architects not only generate solar geometry based on real contextual settings but also to understand comprehensively the microclimate conditions of the design context.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predicting the heating load of a building is critical for efficient system operation and cost reduction. Besides the time series, building load data also includes geographical context. It is challenging for the traditional time series model to represent the load data’s time and spatial relations simultaneously. On the other hand, the dependence relationship between the long-time series is notoriously hard to describe in the conventional paradigm. This paper proposes a CNN-LSTM algorithm based on the attention mechanism, combining CNN-LSTM’s capacity to concurrently capture temporal and spatial features with the ability of the attention mechanism to simulate long-term dependence. In addition, the heating load of a university in Xi ‘an is adopted as a case study. Single CNN, LSTM models, and models based on attention mechanism, were used for comparison. The prediction results showed that the CNNLSTM model was more precise than a single CNN or LSTM model, and the global capture ability of the attention mechanism further increased the accuracy. Compared to the CNN-LSTM model, the AT-CNN-LSTM exhibited a 1.2% improvement in goodness-of-fit R2, a 25.9% drop in RMSE, a 25.4% decrease in CV-RMSE, and a 26.1% decline in MAE. In contrast, the R2 of the AT-CNN-LSTM model improved by 15.8% on average, RMSE reduced by 31.3%, CV-RMSE fell by 31.5%, and MAE decreased by 32.4% on average, compared to the single model. The paper’s findings will provide a basis for selecting a high-precision prediction model for building load forecasting.
{"title":"CNN-LSTM MODELS COMBINED WITH ATTENTION MECHANISM FOR SHORT-TERM BUILDING HEATING LOAD PREDICTION","authors":"Kun Lan, Xin Xin, Songlin Fang, Pan Cao","doi":"10.3992/jgb.18.4.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.4.37","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Predicting the heating load of a building is critical for efficient system operation and cost reduction. Besides the time series, building load data also includes geographical context. It is challenging for the traditional time series model to represent the load data’s time and spatial relations simultaneously. On the other hand, the dependence relationship between the long-time series is notoriously hard to describe in the conventional paradigm. This paper proposes a CNN-LSTM algorithm based on the attention mechanism, combining CNN-LSTM’s capacity to concurrently capture temporal and spatial features with the ability of the attention mechanism to simulate long-term dependence. In addition, the heating load of a university in Xi ‘an is adopted as a case study. Single CNN, LSTM models, and models based on attention mechanism, were used for comparison. The prediction results showed that the CNNLSTM model was more precise than a single CNN or LSTM model, and the global capture ability of the attention mechanism further increased the accuracy. Compared to the CNN-LSTM model, the AT-CNN-LSTM exhibited a 1.2% improvement in goodness-of-fit R2, a 25.9% drop in RMSE, a 25.4% decrease in CV-RMSE, and a 26.1% decline in MAE. In contrast, the R2 of the AT-CNN-LSTM model improved by 15.8% on average, RMSE reduced by 31.3%, CV-RMSE fell by 31.5%, and MAE decreased by 32.4% on average, compared to the single model. The paper’s findings will provide a basis for selecting a high-precision prediction model for building load forecasting.","PeriodicalId":51753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Green Building","volume":"24 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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