Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920024365-7
O. Deyneka
In recent years, our country and the whole world have faced a situation of a large-scale epidemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, which created favorable conditions for the development of cyberchondria. The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate the attention of researchers to the phenomenon of cyberchondria and to adapt the methodology for studying the severity of cyberchondria (CSS) in the Russian sample. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the study data showed full compliance with the structure of the original questionnaire: 5 scales were identified, the validity of which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. All scales showed an acceptable level of reliability in terms of internal consistency. During the test of convergent validity, explainable relationships were found between the scales of the questionnaire and indicators of tolerance for uncertainty, psychological well-being and addiction to social networks.
{"title":"Results of Adaptation of the Short Version of the Method of Expression of Cyberchondria in the Russian Sample","authors":"O. Deyneka","doi":"10.31857/s020595920024365-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020595920024365-7","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, our country and the whole world have faced a situation of a large-scale epidemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, which created favorable conditions for the development of cyberchondria. The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate the attention of researchers to the phenomenon of cyberchondria and to adapt the methodology for studying the severity of cyberchondria (CSS) in the Russian sample. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the study data showed full compliance with the structure of the original questionnaire: 5 scales were identified, the validity of which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. All scales showed an acceptable level of reliability in terms of internal consistency. During the test of convergent validity, explainable relationships were found between the scales of the questionnaire and indicators of tolerance for uncertainty, psychological well-being and addiction to social networks.","PeriodicalId":51778,"journal":{"name":"Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87682177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920024369-1
F. Sergeev
The article is devoted to the author's reflection and analysis of the consequences of the introduction of the network approach into the methodological and conceptual basis of psychology proposed in the article by A.L Zhuravlev and E.A. Sergienko, published in the “Psykhologicheskii zhurnal”. The timeliness and effectiveness of the inclusion of the conceptual basis of the network approach in psychology are shown. Its capabilities in solving problems arising in complex social environments under the influence of communication flows and control information processed using artificial intelligence technologies are shown. New directions and tasks of research in the field of general, experimental and social psychology arising from the adoption of the network paradigm are discussed.
{"title":"Prospects of The Network Approach in Psychology","authors":"F. Sergeev","doi":"10.31857/s020595920024369-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020595920024369-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the author's reflection and analysis of the consequences of the introduction of the network approach into the methodological and conceptual basis of psychology proposed in the article by A.L Zhuravlev and E.A. Sergienko, published in the “Psykhologicheskii zhurnal”. The timeliness and effectiveness of the inclusion of the conceptual basis of the network approach in psychology are shown. Its capabilities in solving problems arising in complex social environments under the influence of communication flows and control information processed using artificial intelligence technologies are shown. New directions and tasks of research in the field of general, experimental and social psychology arising from the adoption of the network paradigm are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51778,"journal":{"name":"Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88049766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920027722-0
A. Zhuravlev
Mentality as a psychological category stands out for its historicity, multifactoriality and variability and is the subject of a wide scientific discourse, tends to interdisciplinary analysis. In science, such facts are known as the mutual influence of the quality of life and a sense of existential security; the influence of public consciousness on the rate of economic growth; interdependence of quality of life and subjective satisfaction with life; differences in the perceptions of predominantly wealthy and needy segments of the population about the causes of poverty. The economic mentality of Russians seems to be a structural component of Russian polymentality and requires consideration not only of the nature of the influence on the economic behavior of the individual, but also on the economic development of the country as a whole. It was revealed that the analysis of message texts and search queries in the Google system will allow to show that in economies of various types there are psychological patterns of interest in economic phenomena. The proposed approaches allow us to consider that there are elements of the economic mentality that originated in the USSR and are preserved in the new economic conditions, demonstrating that foreign users are not identical in terms of the nature of the similar interest. As it turned out, interest in wages prevails at the heart of Russian requests, foreign users are more focused on obtaining information about entrepreneurial and investment income. The problem requires further study and substantiation of the psychological factors underlying economic phenomena.
{"title":"Economic Mentality in the Context of Historical and Psychological Analysis","authors":"A. Zhuravlev","doi":"10.31857/s020595920027722-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020595920027722-0","url":null,"abstract":"Mentality as a psychological category stands out for its historicity, multifactoriality and variability and is the subject of a wide scientific discourse, tends to interdisciplinary analysis. In science, such facts are known as the mutual influence of the quality of life and a sense of existential security; the influence of public consciousness on the rate of economic growth; interdependence of quality of life and subjective satisfaction with life; differences in the perceptions of predominantly wealthy and needy segments of the population about the causes of poverty. The economic mentality of Russians seems to be a structural component of Russian polymentality and requires consideration not only of the nature of the influence on the economic behavior of the individual, but also on the economic development of the country as a whole. It was revealed that the analysis of message texts and search queries in the Google system will allow to show that in economies of various types there are psychological patterns of interest in economic phenomena. The proposed approaches allow us to consider that there are elements of the economic mentality that originated in the USSR and are preserved in the new economic conditions, demonstrating that foreign users are not identical in terms of the nature of the similar interest. As it turned out, interest in wages prevails at the heart of Russian requests, foreign users are more focused on obtaining information about entrepreneurial and investment income. The problem requires further study and substantiation of the psychological factors underlying economic phenomena.","PeriodicalId":51778,"journal":{"name":"Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135846382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920024909-5
А. Е. Vorobieva
The article is devoted to the psychological aspects of online dating services usage and tools to study the motives of such services users. A theoretical analysis of Russian and foreign studies of online dating services users was carried out. The analysis showed that the general research interest is related to the personal characteristics of users and their self-presentation strategies in such services. Among foreign researchers, it is common to study the characteristics of sexual behavior and motivation of users as well as their perception of the confidentiality of data provided to such services. There were no Russian-language works on the problem of motives for online dating services using. Due to the lack of Russian-language tools the Tinder Motives Scale methodology developed by E. Timmermans, E. de Kaluwe was selected for adaptation. A Russian-language adaptation and verification of the psychometric properties of the technique was made on a sample of 3540 (2255 male, aged 18 to 60+). This allowed us to offer a valid and reliable, shortened (from 58 to 22 points) and modified Russian-language version of the methodology for diagnosing the motives for online dating services using. The scale “Material motivation” was added. Scales “Flirting / communication skills development”, “Travel” “Belonging to a group”, “Pressure of friends”, “Search for people with the same sexual orientation”, “Distraction from business” and “Curiosity” were not confirmed.
本文致力于在线约会服务使用的心理方面和工具来研究这些服务用户的动机。本文对国内外在线约会服务用户的研究进行了理论分析。分析表明，普遍的研究兴趣与用户的个人特征及其在此类服务中的自我呈现策略有关。在国外研究人员中，通常会研究用户的性行为特征和动机，以及他们对提供给此类服务的数据保密性的看法。没有关于使用在线约会服务动机问题的俄语著作。由于缺乏俄语工具，由E. Timmermans, E. de Kaluwe开发的Tinder动机量表方法被选中进行改编。对3540名(2255名年龄在18岁至60岁以上的男性)的样本进行了俄语改编和该技术心理测量特性的验证。这使我们能够提供一个有效和可靠的，缩短(从58分到22分)和修改的俄语版本的方法，用于诊断在线约会服务使用的动机。增加“物质动机”量表。“调情/沟通技巧发展”、“旅行”、“属于一个团体”、“朋友的压力”、“寻找同性取向的人”、“从工作中分心”和“好奇心”等指标未得到证实。
{"title":"Russian-Language Adaptation of the Methodology of Diagnosing the Motives for Online Dating Servicesusage","authors":"А. Е. Vorobieva","doi":"10.31857/s020595920024909-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020595920024909-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the psychological aspects of online dating services usage and tools to study the motives of such services users. A theoretical analysis of Russian and foreign studies of online dating services users was carried out. The analysis showed that the general research interest is related to the personal characteristics of users and their self-presentation strategies in such services. Among foreign researchers, it is common to study the characteristics of sexual behavior and motivation of users as well as their perception of the confidentiality of data provided to such services. There were no Russian-language works on the problem of motives for online dating services using. Due to the lack of Russian-language tools the Tinder Motives Scale methodology developed by E. Timmermans, E. de Kaluwe was selected for adaptation. A Russian-language adaptation and verification of the psychometric properties of the technique was made on a sample of 3540 (2255 male, aged 18 to 60+). This allowed us to offer a valid and reliable, shortened (from 58 to 22 points) and modified Russian-language version of the methodology for diagnosing the motives for online dating services using. The scale “Material motivation” was added. Scales “Flirting / communication skills development”, “Travel” “Belonging to a group”, “Pressure of friends”, “Search for people with the same sexual orientation”, “Distraction from business” and “Curiosity” were not confirmed.","PeriodicalId":51778,"journal":{"name":"Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1987 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82264844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920026152-3
T. Nestik
The article considers the main approaches to the study of social optimism as a socio-psychological phenomenon, highlights its theoretical structure and functions. The results of a longitudinal empirical study conducted among adult Russians (N = 664, six measurements) from March 3 to December 26, 2022 and aimed at identifying the socio-psychological antecedents of the stability of social optimism in the conditions of crisis are presented. It is shown that social optimism is directly related to personal characteristics that underlie the resilience: self-efficacy, perceived control, dispositional optimism, positive reframing and seeking emotional support in a critical situation. The study reveals that perceived control increases the stability of the individual's social optimism in a crisis. The higher the social well-being of the individual, the belief in his ability to contribute to the development of society, the more stable is social optimism. The hypothesis is confirmed that social optimism is enhanced by socio-psychological characteristics that facilitate the consolidation of efforts for a joint response to the challenges of the crisis: civic identity; perceived social support; empathy for others affected by the war; generalized trust; trust in civil society institutions; as well as political self-efficacy, that is, the belief in the ability to influence political decisions made in the country. On the contrary, social optimism is negatively associated with belief in a dangerous world, social cynicism, and a conspiracy worldview. The main contribution to the stability of social optimism is made by collective political self-efficacy, while social cynicism accelerates its decline. The results of the study made it possible to suggest the existence of two complementary mechanisms for maintaining social optimism: through strengthening civic identification and the importance of the collective future for the individual (this role is played by moral foundations of respect for authority, loyalty to one’s group and sanctity) and through empathy and strengthening the importance of mutual assistance in a crisis (under the influence of "individualizing" moral foundations of caring for people and fairness).
{"title":"Social Optimism of Russians in a Crisis: Results of a Longitudinal Study","authors":"T. Nestik","doi":"10.31857/s020595920026152-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020595920026152-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the main approaches to the study of social optimism as a socio-psychological phenomenon, highlights its theoretical structure and functions. The results of a longitudinal empirical study conducted among adult Russians (N = 664, six measurements) from March 3 to December 26, 2022 and aimed at identifying the socio-psychological antecedents of the stability of social optimism in the conditions of crisis are presented. It is shown that social optimism is directly related to personal characteristics that underlie the resilience: self-efficacy, perceived control, dispositional optimism, positive reframing and seeking emotional support in a critical situation. The study reveals that perceived control increases the stability of the individual's social optimism in a crisis. The higher the social well-being of the individual, the belief in his ability to contribute to the development of society, the more stable is social optimism. The hypothesis is confirmed that social optimism is enhanced by socio-psychological characteristics that facilitate the consolidation of efforts for a joint response to the challenges of the crisis: civic identity; perceived social support; empathy for others affected by the war; generalized trust; trust in civil society institutions; as well as political self-efficacy, that is, the belief in the ability to influence political decisions made in the country. On the contrary, social optimism is negatively associated with belief in a dangerous world, social cynicism, and a conspiracy worldview. The main contribution to the stability of social optimism is made by collective political self-efficacy, while social cynicism accelerates its decline. The results of the study made it possible to suggest the existence of two complementary mechanisms for maintaining social optimism: through strengthening civic identification and the importance of the collective future for the individual (this role is played by moral foundations of respect for authority, loyalty to one’s group and sanctity) and through empathy and strengthening the importance of mutual assistance in a crisis (under the influence of \"individualizing\" moral foundations of caring for people and fairness).","PeriodicalId":51778,"journal":{"name":"Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88363695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920026156-7
N. V. Murashcenkova
An important condition for forecasting and preventing the outflow of young people abroad is the study of psychological mechanisms of forming the emigration intentions of youth. The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the relationship between the components of planned emigration behavior and the values of student youth in various sociocultural contexts. The participants of the study were university students aged 18–25 from Belarus (n=208, 25% men, mean age=19.8), Kazakhstan (n=200, 26% men, mean age=20.5) and Russia (n=250, 26% men, mean age=20.0). We used the questionnaire “Planned emigration behavior” which we developed as well as the shortened version of the “Survey of Portrait Values” by Sh. Schwartz (“PVQ-21 — ESS”). For statistical analysis we used SPSS Statistics version 23 and AMOS version 23. We did an ANOVA, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, and a multigroup path analysis. In this part of the article we showed the results of testing of the multi-group model of the author’s questionnaire “Planned emigration behavior” and cross-cultural analysis of the manifestation of values and components of planned emigration behavior among students of three countries. The configural, metric and scalar invariance of the multigroup model of the questionnaire is confirmed. According to the results, Belarusian and Kazakhtani students are more likely to implement emigration intentions in behavior than Russian students are. They are also more likely than Russian students to think that people who matter to them would approve of them moving abroad. We will present the relationships of values and components of planned emigration behavior among students of the three countries in the second part of the article in the next issue of the journal.
{"title":"Values and Planned Emigration Behavior Among Students from Three Countries. Part I. Introduction to Study","authors":"N. V. Murashcenkova","doi":"10.31857/s020595920026156-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020595920026156-7","url":null,"abstract":"An important condition for forecasting and preventing the outflow of young people abroad is the study of psychological mechanisms of forming the emigration intentions of youth. The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the relationship between the components of planned emigration behavior and the values of student youth in various sociocultural contexts. The participants of the study were university students aged 18–25 from Belarus (n=208, 25% men, mean age=19.8), Kazakhstan (n=200, 26% men, mean age=20.5) and Russia (n=250, 26% men, mean age=20.0). We used the questionnaire “Planned emigration behavior” which we developed as well as the shortened version of the “Survey of Portrait Values” by Sh. Schwartz (“PVQ-21 — ESS”). For statistical analysis we used SPSS Statistics version 23 and AMOS version 23. We did an ANOVA, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, and a multigroup path analysis. In this part of the article we showed the results of testing of the multi-group model of the author’s questionnaire “Planned emigration behavior” and cross-cultural analysis of the manifestation of values and components of planned emigration behavior among students of three countries. The configural, metric and scalar invariance of the multigroup model of the questionnaire is confirmed. According to the results, Belarusian and Kazakhtani students are more likely to implement emigration intentions in behavior than Russian students are. They are also more likely than Russian students to think that people who matter to them would approve of them moving abroad. We will present the relationships of values and components of planned emigration behavior among students of the three countries in the second part of the article in the next issue of the journal.","PeriodicalId":51778,"journal":{"name":"Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81607529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920026159-0
I. Semenov
In connection with the 90th anniversary of A.V. Brushlinsky, the article presents the results of a scientific study of his life path and creative activity. The key role of S.L. Rubinstein in the formation of the scientific and psychological worldview of A.V. Brushlinsky and the methods of its theoretical and experimental implementation on the material of the study of thinking by means of a procedural-activity approach is substantiated. Various directions of A.V. Brushlinsky's cognitive searches in the study of the nature of the psyche, the processes of thinking and communication, personality types and forms of her consciousness, types of interaction of social representations and communications from the standpoint of the principle of unity of consciousness and activity are characterized. The interaction of the process-activity approach with the principle of subjectivity of the psyche in the school of S.L. Rubinstein is shown, which led A.V. Brushlinsky to develop the subject-activity paradigm, which has become one of the leading in various fields of modern psychology
{"title":"Methodological Reflection on the Personology of A.V. Brushlinsky's Life Creation and the Formation of the Subject-Activity Paradigm of Modern Psychology (to the 90th Anniversary of the Outstanding Scientist)","authors":"I. Semenov","doi":"10.31857/s020595920026159-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020595920026159-0","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with the 90th anniversary of A.V. Brushlinsky, the article presents the results of a scientific study of his life path and creative activity. The key role of S.L. Rubinstein in the formation of the scientific and psychological worldview of A.V. Brushlinsky and the methods of its theoretical and experimental implementation on the material of the study of thinking by means of a procedural-activity approach is substantiated. Various directions of A.V. Brushlinsky's cognitive searches in the study of the nature of the psyche, the processes of thinking and communication, personality types and forms of her consciousness, types of interaction of social representations and communications from the standpoint of the principle of unity of consciousness and activity are characterized. The interaction of the process-activity approach with the principle of subjectivity of the psyche in the school of S.L. Rubinstein is shown, which led A.V. Brushlinsky to develop the subject-activity paradigm, which has become one of the leading in various fields of modern psychology","PeriodicalId":51778,"journal":{"name":"Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"04 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88905166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920024913-0
V. Mazilov
The article is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the Great Russian teacher and psychologist K.D. Ushinsky, whose contribution to the development of pedagogy and psychology is undeniable. However, the psychological component of the creativity and legacy of the great scientist and innovator remains largely underestimated: in modern Russian textbooks on the history of psychology, K.D. Ushinsky's psychological research is not given any significant attention, also in foreign ones Ushinsky's psychological works are not mentioned at all. The article states that one of the main achievements of the scientist is the methodology of substantiation of scientific psychology. Even though Ushinsky was not a psychologist, did not position himself as a psychologist, he developed the scientific foundations of psychology to build scientific pedagogy. Psychology as a science simply did not exist at that time, so the development of a system of psychology was a means of solving its main task. Russian pedagogue's solution to Ushinsky's problem, however, represented a unique achievement of world psychological science, and the solution of the Russian pedagogue was original, since the project was focused on the development of practical psychology for teachers. The article provides an analysis of reasons for such underestimation of Ushinsky’s project by scientific community — objective (traditions of considering psychology and public expectations) and subjective (Ushinsky positioning himself exclusively as a teacher and belittling his contribution to psychology). It is mentioned that B.G. Ananyev (1945), who called the Russian scientist a “great psychologist, but the assessment of the classic of Soviet psychology has not become generally accepted, noticed Ushinsky’s contribution to the creation of the original system of psychology. The article analyzes the reasons for the lack of resonance of the publication, among which the main ones are ideological and socio-cultural, related to the uncertain status of psychology itself in the early 1950s, after the session of the two academies, when the proximity to the physiological teaching of I.P. Pavlov and the materialism of the concept became the determining factor. The article gives an outline of K.D. Ushinsky's methodological concept, which allows asserting that Ushinsky proposed a project of scientific psychology, the first practice-oriented project of psychological science in the history of world psychology.
{"title":"The Great Psychologist: K.D. Ushinsky as a Methodologist of Psychology","authors":"V. Mazilov","doi":"10.31857/s020595920024913-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s020595920024913-0","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the Great Russian teacher and psychologist K.D. Ushinsky, whose contribution to the development of pedagogy and psychology is undeniable. However, the psychological component of the creativity and legacy of the great scientist and innovator remains largely underestimated: in modern Russian textbooks on the history of psychology, K.D. Ushinsky's psychological research is not given any significant attention, also in foreign ones Ushinsky's psychological works are not mentioned at all. The article states that one of the main achievements of the scientist is the methodology of substantiation of scientific psychology. Even though Ushinsky was not a psychologist, did not position himself as a psychologist, he developed the scientific foundations of psychology to build scientific pedagogy. Psychology as a science simply did not exist at that time, so the development of a system of psychology was a means of solving its main task. Russian pedagogue's solution to Ushinsky's problem, however, represented a unique achievement of world psychological science, and the solution of the Russian pedagogue was original, since the project was focused on the development of practical psychology for teachers. The article provides an analysis of reasons for such underestimation of Ushinsky’s project by scientific community — objective (traditions of considering psychology and public expectations) and subjective (Ushinsky positioning himself exclusively as a teacher and belittling his contribution to psychology). It is mentioned that B.G. Ananyev (1945), who called the Russian scientist a “great psychologist, but the assessment of the classic of Soviet psychology has not become generally accepted, noticed Ushinsky’s contribution to the creation of the original system of psychology. The article analyzes the reasons for the lack of resonance of the publication, among which the main ones are ideological and socio-cultural, related to the uncertain status of psychology itself in the early 1950s, after the session of the two academies, when the proximity to the physiological teaching of I.P. Pavlov and the materialism of the concept became the determining factor. The article gives an outline of K.D. Ushinsky's methodological concept, which allows asserting that Ushinsky proposed a project of scientific psychology, the first practice-oriented project of psychological science in the history of world psychology.","PeriodicalId":51778,"journal":{"name":"Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"945 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85572496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920026153-4
A. A. Demidov
The objective of the research was to test the hypothesis about the relationship between the features of communicative situations and the perception of a stranger. Three types of situations were used, differing in the degree of the observer's involvement in communication: 1. looking at a photo image of the sitter, 2. watching a video with the sitter in communication, 3. communicating with the sitter “face to face”. It has been shown that the dynamics of interpersonal evaluations are multidirectional and depend rather on the diagnostic metrics used. Thus, the values of adequacy of evaluation of individual psychological features of the sitter are higher in the situation of photo perception as compared to the situations of video perception and face-to-face communication, at the same time the values of complexity of interpersonal evaluation (number of choices of neutral evaluation “0”) are lower in the situation of face-to-face communication and the situation of video perception as compared to the situation of photo perception. The study revealed the dynamics of interpersonal evaluations in different communicative situations, i.e. it was shown how situations influence the way the perception of a communication partner is formed.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31857/s020595920024903-9
L. Pochebut
Russian organizational psychology began to develop in the 20s of the twentieth century. The impetus for its appearance was the need for accelerated industrial development. In the early years of its inception, organizational psychology was based on ideas expressed in this field by foreign scientists and practitioners — organizers of production. Numerous conferences on the problems of scientific organization of labor were held, and their own scientific directions and theories were gradually formed. The main goals of organizational psychology are psychological support and the search for ways to improve the efficiency of work in various organizations. Pioneering work in this area was the research of scientists of the St. Petersburg (Leningrad) Psychological School. The article discusses the historical milestones of the creation and development of organizational social psychology at LSU/St. Petersburg State University. Special attention is paid to the analysis of scientific and historical prerequisites for the formation and current state of organizational social psychology at the Department of Social Psychology of St. Petersburg State University. The main directions of socio-psychological thought in the field of organizational psychology are: 1) scientific analysis and search for socio-psychological ways to improve the efficiency of personnel; 2) substantiation of approaches to the study of the socio-psychological climate and organizational culture; 3) research of socio-psychological processes occurring in labor collectives (job satisfaction, labor stimulation, collective forms of labor organization, adaptation of employees, increasing their loyalty and engagement); 4) development of socio-psychological methods of training employees of organizations (business games, socio-psychological training); 5) theoretical and methodological justification of the concept of consolidation of the social capital of organizations; 6) study of career problems and gender inequality of working women.
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