Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2208141
M. Qasim, E. Csaplovics
Abstract Forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation. However, limited information is available worldwide regarding forest carbon and biomass stocks. Financial mechanisms such as ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation of forest carbon, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks’ (REDD+) also emphasize the quantification of forest biomass and carbon. This study aimed to estimate the forest biomass in two forests of Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP): Sub-tropical Chir Pine Forest (SCPF) and Sub-tropical Broadleaved Evergreen Forest (SBEF). For this, circular sampling plots of a 20 m radius were used for the collection of the variables, “diameter at breast height (DBH) and height”. Statistical analysis was done for exploring regression relationships between the variables. We found a mean Aboveground Carbon (AGC) of 73.36 ± 32.55 Mg C ha−1 in SCPF and a mean AGC of 16.88 ± 25.81 Mg C ha−1 in SBEF. The mean Aboveground Biomass (AGB) for SCPF was recorded as 146.73 ± 65.11 Mg ha−1, while for SBEF it was 33.77 ± 51.63 Mg ha−1. It was therefore concluded that the SCPF had higher mean AGB and mean AGC than the SBEF. Similar differences were also noticed in the structural characteristics of the two forests. These could be valuable information while designing sustainable management plans and afforestation programmes for the future and also for accessing nature-based funding such as REDD+.
森林可以在减缓气候变化方面发挥重要作用。然而，全世界关于森林碳和生物量储量的资料有限。诸如“减少毁林和森林退化造成的排放以及森林碳保护、森林可持续管理和增加森林碳储量的作用”(REDD+)等金融机制也强调森林生物量和碳的量化。本研究旨在估算玛加拉山国家公园(MHNP)的两种森林:亚热带赤松林(SCPF)和亚热带阔叶常绿林(SBEF)的森林生物量。为此，使用半径为20米的圆形采样图来收集变量，“胸围高度直径(DBH)和高度”。通过统计分析，探索各变量之间的回归关系。我们发现SCPF的平均地上碳(AGC)为73.36±32.55 Mg C ha - 1, SBEF的平均AGC为16.88±25.81 Mg C ha - 1。SCPF的平均地上生物量(AGB)为146.73±65.11 Mg ha−1,SBEF的平均地上生物量(AGB)为33.77±51.63 Mg ha−1。因此，SCPF的平均AGB和平均AGC高于SBEF。两种森林的结构特征也有类似的差异。在为未来设计可持续管理计划和造林方案以及获取基于自然的资金(例如REDD+)时，这些信息可能是有价值的。
{"title":"Comparative study of forest biomass and carbon stocks of Margalla Hills National Park, Pakistan","authors":"M. Qasim, E. Csaplovics","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2208141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2208141","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation. However, limited information is available worldwide regarding forest carbon and biomass stocks. Financial mechanisms such as ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation of forest carbon, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks’ (REDD+) also emphasize the quantification of forest biomass and carbon. This study aimed to estimate the forest biomass in two forests of Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP): Sub-tropical Chir Pine Forest (SCPF) and Sub-tropical Broadleaved Evergreen Forest (SBEF). For this, circular sampling plots of a 20 m radius were used for the collection of the variables, “diameter at breast height (DBH) and height”. Statistical analysis was done for exploring regression relationships between the variables. We found a mean Aboveground Carbon (AGC) of 73.36 ± 32.55 Mg C ha−1 in SCPF and a mean AGC of 16.88 ± 25.81 Mg C ha−1 in SBEF. The mean Aboveground Biomass (AGB) for SCPF was recorded as 146.73 ± 65.11 Mg ha−1, while for SBEF it was 33.77 ± 51.63 Mg ha−1. It was therefore concluded that the SCPF had higher mean AGB and mean AGC than the SBEF. Similar differences were also noticed in the structural characteristics of the two forests. These could be valuable information while designing sustainable management plans and afforestation programmes for the future and also for accessing nature-based funding such as REDD+.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"139 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91184790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2190347
Firehiywet Girma
Abstract In Ethiopia, particularly in Southern Oromia and Eastern Halaba, land degradation is a common challenge for the pastoral community and farmers. As a result, the sub-watershed has closed for the past five years. However, little is known about the effects of topography on the rehabilitation of various land uses and land covers (LULCs). This study determined how the main topographic variables affect the rate of rehabilitation. Sentinel-2 images were used to quantify land use and land cover for the years 2017 and 2021. The aspect, altitude, and slope were calculated using the SRTM of 1 Arc-Second Global. The Maximum Likelihood classifier algorithm was used for supervised image classification. Changes in LULCs were analyzed using the post-classification technique. The LULC maps were overlaid with the topographic variabilities. The topographic variability’s influences were clearly observed on the rehabilitation rate of area enclosure. In the slope class of 0 to 5%, agriculture is the dominant cover. The bushland was largely detected in the slope classes of 0 to 10 in 2017. Agriculture and barren land were influenced as altitude and slope increased. Forest and bushland were found to be highly restored at an altitude of 1841 to 1880, an aspect of the south, and slope classes of 0 to 5 percent.
{"title":"Spatial analysis of landscape rehabilitation in degraded land along topographic variabilities in the Kiliso sub-watershed, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Firehiywet Girma","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2190347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2190347","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Ethiopia, particularly in Southern Oromia and Eastern Halaba, land degradation is a common challenge for the pastoral community and farmers. As a result, the sub-watershed has closed for the past five years. However, little is known about the effects of topography on the rehabilitation of various land uses and land covers (LULCs). This study determined how the main topographic variables affect the rate of rehabilitation. Sentinel-2 images were used to quantify land use and land cover for the years 2017 and 2021. The aspect, altitude, and slope were calculated using the SRTM of 1 Arc-Second Global. The Maximum Likelihood classifier algorithm was used for supervised image classification. Changes in LULCs were analyzed using the post-classification technique. The LULC maps were overlaid with the topographic variabilities. The topographic variability’s influences were clearly observed on the rehabilitation rate of area enclosure. In the slope class of 0 to 5%, agriculture is the dominant cover. The bushland was largely detected in the slope classes of 0 to 10 in 2017. Agriculture and barren land were influenced as altitude and slope increased. Forest and bushland were found to be highly restored at an altitude of 1841 to 1880, an aspect of the south, and slope classes of 0 to 5 percent.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"116 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75911163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2198549
D. Sudrajat, E. Rustam, Nurhasybi, N. Widyani, Yulianti, Yupi Isnaini, P. Aprilianti, E. Primananda, M. Zanzíbar, Suhartati, K. P. Putri, N. Yuniarti, Surono, V. Yuskianti
Abstract Direct seeding, a planting technique that has long been applied in restoring degraded land and forest, is often doubted to be successful due to many constrains, both biotic and abiotic. This study aims to increase the success of direct seeding through the application of seed briquettes, aquasorb treatment and determining the right sowing time for three forest tree species, i.e. Ceiba pentandra, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Calophyllum inophyllum. This study used a randomized block design with two factorials (seed treatments and sowing dates) in each species. Seeds were sown in three blocks in the field according to the sowing time treatments. Each treatment consisted of 10 sowing plots in one block and 5 seeds or seed briquettes in each sowing plot. The results showed that direct seeding when the rain starts to stabilize (ST-2) supported by the use of seed briquettes and the addition of aquasorb was able to increase seedling survival, height and root collar diameter of all tested tree species. In general, seed briquettes and the addition of aquasorb provided better seedling survival and growth compared to direct seeding using untreated seeds. C. inophyllum gave higher seedling survival compared to the other two species indicating that this species is very prospective for direct seeding applications due to its high adaptability.
{"title":"Improving the success of direct seeding through the application of seed briquettes, aquasorb, and sowing time: case studies on Ceiba pentandra, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, and Calophyllum inophyllum","authors":"D. Sudrajat, E. Rustam, Nurhasybi, N. Widyani, Yulianti, Yupi Isnaini, P. Aprilianti, E. Primananda, M. Zanzíbar, Suhartati, K. P. Putri, N. Yuniarti, Surono, V. Yuskianti","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2198549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2198549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Direct seeding, a planting technique that has long been applied in restoring degraded land and forest, is often doubted to be successful due to many constrains, both biotic and abiotic. This study aims to increase the success of direct seeding through the application of seed briquettes, aquasorb treatment and determining the right sowing time for three forest tree species, i.e. Ceiba pentandra, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Calophyllum inophyllum. This study used a randomized block design with two factorials (seed treatments and sowing dates) in each species. Seeds were sown in three blocks in the field according to the sowing time treatments. Each treatment consisted of 10 sowing plots in one block and 5 seeds or seed briquettes in each sowing plot. The results showed that direct seeding when the rain starts to stabilize (ST-2) supported by the use of seed briquettes and the addition of aquasorb was able to increase seedling survival, height and root collar diameter of all tested tree species. In general, seed briquettes and the addition of aquasorb provided better seedling survival and growth compared to direct seeding using untreated seeds. C. inophyllum gave higher seedling survival compared to the other two species indicating that this species is very prospective for direct seeding applications due to its high adaptability.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"107 1","pages":"130 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79596347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2186956
M. Seng, U. Jeong, E. Cheong
Abstract Dalbergia cochinchinensisis a valuable tree species with good quality and unique timber color. The species is threatened to be extinct due to the over-exploration and climate changes of the natural habitats. We investigated the responses of this species to drought stress by measuring physiological parameters and using an infrared thermal imaging system. Physiological parameters are chlorophyll contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (A), water use efficiency (WUE), and chlorophyll fluorescence during the drought stress. Leave’s temperatures were measured by the infrared thermal imaging camera. Most photosynthetic parameters were decreased after drought except WUE. Under drought stress, E, gs, A, and chlorophyll content were decreased, whereas WUE was increased. The seedlings’ chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) had declined significantly in all drought stress conditions. The temperature of the upper leaves increased more than the middle and the bottom leaves in all stress groups. Stress responses were detected by physiological parameters and thermal images representing the leaf temperature. While there were wide variations in the physiological parameters, thermal imaging could measure the broad range of plants and have less variation among the treatments. The combinations of physiological parameters and thermal images are more reliable in detecting water stress. Furthermore, it can be effectively used to determine plant water needs, which can be used in precision irrigation systems.
{"title":"Detection of responses to drought stress of dalbergia cochinchinensis seedlings using the physiological parameters and thermal imaging","authors":"M. Seng, U. Jeong, E. Cheong","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2186956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2186956","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dalbergia cochinchinensisis a valuable tree species with good quality and unique timber color. The species is threatened to be extinct due to the over-exploration and climate changes of the natural habitats. We investigated the responses of this species to drought stress by measuring physiological parameters and using an infrared thermal imaging system. Physiological parameters are chlorophyll contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (A), water use efficiency (WUE), and chlorophyll fluorescence during the drought stress. Leave’s temperatures were measured by the infrared thermal imaging camera. Most photosynthetic parameters were decreased after drought except WUE. Under drought stress, E, gs, A, and chlorophyll content were decreased, whereas WUE was increased. The seedlings’ chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) had declined significantly in all drought stress conditions. The temperature of the upper leaves increased more than the middle and the bottom leaves in all stress groups. Stress responses were detected by physiological parameters and thermal images representing the leaf temperature. While there were wide variations in the physiological parameters, thermal imaging could measure the broad range of plants and have less variation among the treatments. The combinations of physiological parameters and thermal images are more reliable in detecting water stress. Furthermore, it can be effectively used to determine plant water needs, which can be used in precision irrigation systems.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"105 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78615136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2182369
Forough Soheili, M. Heydari, S. Woodward, H. Abdul-Hamid, H. Naji
Abstract The morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves are sensitive and adaptable to environmental changes. Determining eco-physiological patterns of leaf characteristics along elevational gradients allows for a better understanding and prediction of how plants might respond to climate change. In this work, the ecological adaptation mechanisms related to morphological and anatomical characteristics of Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves were studied at three elevation classes (low, middle, and high) in two different Mediterranean and subhumid climates in Zagros forests in western Iran. There were no significant changes in leaf length, although the leaf-specific area was higher at low and middle elevations in subhumid climates. In addition, stomata length, width, density, and stomatal pore index were higher in the upper elevations of subhumid climate than in the Mediterranean climate. At low and middle elevations, dry matter content was higher at sites from the Mediterranean climate. The results of plasticity indices showed that individuals of Q. brantii from middle-elevation sites exhibited greater plasticity than those from low and high-elevation sites. Overall, Q. brantii, the dominant oak species in Zagros forests, appears to respond to elevational and environmental changes, suggesting that leaves can adapt to these changes through morphological and anatomical traits. These results provide new insights into the environmental adaptation strategies of plants at the morphological and anatomical levels against climate change.
{"title":"Adaptive plasticity of morphological and anatomical traits of Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves under different climates and elevation gradients","authors":"Forough Soheili, M. Heydari, S. Woodward, H. Abdul-Hamid, H. Naji","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2182369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2182369","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves are sensitive and adaptable to environmental changes. Determining eco-physiological patterns of leaf characteristics along elevational gradients allows for a better understanding and prediction of how plants might respond to climate change. In this work, the ecological adaptation mechanisms related to morphological and anatomical characteristics of Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves were studied at three elevation classes (low, middle, and high) in two different Mediterranean and subhumid climates in Zagros forests in western Iran. There were no significant changes in leaf length, although the leaf-specific area was higher at low and middle elevations in subhumid climates. In addition, stomata length, width, density, and stomatal pore index were higher in the upper elevations of subhumid climate than in the Mediterranean climate. At low and middle elevations, dry matter content was higher at sites from the Mediterranean climate. The results of plasticity indices showed that individuals of Q. brantii from middle-elevation sites exhibited greater plasticity than those from low and high-elevation sites. Overall, Q. brantii, the dominant oak species in Zagros forests, appears to respond to elevational and environmental changes, suggesting that leaves can adapt to these changes through morphological and anatomical traits. These results provide new insights into the environmental adaptation strategies of plants at the morphological and anatomical levels against climate change.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"96 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72391609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2177356
Sudarmono Sudarmono, D. Prameswari, D. Dodo, S. Sumanto, F. Damayanti, T. Handayani, Hartutiningsih Hartutiningsih, D. Latifah, S. Hidayat, Sustiprijanto Sustiprijanto, D. Widiastuti
Abstract Wild king fruit (Durio spp, Malvaceae) is a threatened native tree species in Kalimantan, Indonesia which needs significant and urgent cultivation. This study characterized the appearance, flavor, and germination rate of four durian species D. zibethinus, D. dulcis, D. kutejensis, and D. oxleyanus. The results showed that D. oxleyanus was one of the superior fruits with a very sweet flavor, smooth texture, and juicy flesh despite its green thorny exterior. Four months after sowing, the germination capacities (p-value 0.18) were as follows: D. kutejensis 7% (± 1.4%), D. dulcis 0%, D. oxleyanus 1% (± 0%), and D. zibethinus 21% (± 26.2%) at Banua. In Bogor, West Java, seed germination was: D. zibethinus 58% (± 2.8%) which developed into seedlings, D. kutejensis 10% (± 0%), and 0% for both D. dulcis and D. oxleyanus). Ex-situ conservation of the four Durio species by seed propagation needs to be conducted carefully to avoid the failure of seedling growth.
{"title":"Endangered Durio spp. conservation and seed germination in Indonesia","authors":"Sudarmono Sudarmono, D. Prameswari, D. Dodo, S. Sumanto, F. Damayanti, T. Handayani, Hartutiningsih Hartutiningsih, D. Latifah, S. Hidayat, Sustiprijanto Sustiprijanto, D. Widiastuti","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2177356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2177356","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wild king fruit (Durio spp, Malvaceae) is a threatened native tree species in Kalimantan, Indonesia which needs significant and urgent cultivation. This study characterized the appearance, flavor, and germination rate of four durian species D. zibethinus, D. dulcis, D. kutejensis, and D. oxleyanus. The results showed that D. oxleyanus was one of the superior fruits with a very sweet flavor, smooth texture, and juicy flesh despite its green thorny exterior. Four months after sowing, the germination capacities (p-value 0.18) were as follows: D. kutejensis 7% (± 1.4%), D. dulcis 0%, D. oxleyanus 1% (± 0%), and D. zibethinus 21% (± 26.2%) at Banua. In Bogor, West Java, seed germination was: D. zibethinus 58% (± 2.8%) which developed into seedlings, D. kutejensis 10% (± 0%), and 0% for both D. dulcis and D. oxleyanus). Ex-situ conservation of the four Durio species by seed propagation needs to be conducted carefully to avoid the failure of seedling growth.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":"89 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81677255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2167873
A. Bhardwaj, K. Chandra, Rajesh Kumar
Abstract Water stress significantly impacts the plants’ physiological activity. They are influenced by the stomata and photosynthesis of the plant. The main objectives of the experiments are to determine the stomata and photosynthetic activity changes in the Dalbergia sissoo seedlings under the entisol soil in nursery conditions and the water stress conditions on AMF colonization. The plant growth characteristics and physiological activities in D. sissoo were assessed under three conditions: WW (well watering), FW (fractionated watering), and SW (stopped/no watering), with the results revealing that the FW condition has a higher mycorrhizal dependency of 24.53% than the WW condition, which is 24.37%. AMF root colonization was also higher in D. Sissoo, at 56% and 47% under FW and WW conditions. These findings highlight the significance of AMF, especially when plants are experiencing water stress. When FW was used instead of WW, the photosynthetic rate of D. sissoo and AMF + plants increased by 17.85%. AMF inoculation changed the plant’s physiological activities, resulting in a significantly higher photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance. However, higher transpiration, intercellular CO2 concentration, and a lower leaf temperature regardless of WW or FW conditions indicate that AM positively affects physiological activities. The findings support the use of AMF in entisol soil to improve plant growth and biomass by alleviating adverse edaphic conditions.
{"title":"Water stress changes on AMF colonization, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis of Dalbergia sissoo seedlings grown in entisol soil under nursery condition","authors":"A. Bhardwaj, K. Chandra, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2167873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2167873","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water stress significantly impacts the plants’ physiological activity. They are influenced by the stomata and photosynthesis of the plant. The main objectives of the experiments are to determine the stomata and photosynthetic activity changes in the Dalbergia sissoo seedlings under the entisol soil in nursery conditions and the water stress conditions on AMF colonization. The plant growth characteristics and physiological activities in D. sissoo were assessed under three conditions: WW (well watering), FW (fractionated watering), and SW (stopped/no watering), with the results revealing that the FW condition has a higher mycorrhizal dependency of 24.53% than the WW condition, which is 24.37%. AMF root colonization was also higher in D. Sissoo, at 56% and 47% under FW and WW conditions. These findings highlight the significance of AMF, especially when plants are experiencing water stress. When FW was used instead of WW, the photosynthetic rate of D. sissoo and AMF + plants increased by 17.85%. AMF inoculation changed the plant’s physiological activities, resulting in a significantly higher photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance. However, higher transpiration, intercellular CO2 concentration, and a lower leaf temperature regardless of WW or FW conditions indicate that AM positively affects physiological activities. The findings support the use of AMF in entisol soil to improve plant growth and biomass by alleviating adverse edaphic conditions.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"47 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73170648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2165281
I. L. G. Nurtjahjaningsih, A. Rimbawanto, M. A. Fauzi, E. Dormontt, A. Lowe, R. Hendrati, L. Baskorowati, M. Susanto, Harry Budi Santoso Sulistiadi, Mashudi, S. Pudjiono, D. Setiadi, Sumardi, E. Pujiono
Abstract Genetic relationships among teak (Tectona grandis) seed sources have been found to be low, thus genetic materials from other sources are required to maintain broad genetic diversity. This study here is therefore aimed to assess the potency of teak genetic structure in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Leaf materials were sampled from six populations: the villages of Angondara, Anduna (Konawe), Napabalano, Matakidi, Wakuru (Muna) and Wakonti (Buton). One population from Java Island (Kepek) was used as an outgroup. Genetic structures were assessed by using six microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity within populations was moderate (mean expected heterozygosity = 0.544; mean allelic richness = 3.752) as well as the genetic differentiation among the populations (mean F ST = 0.085). Dendrogram analysis revealed that the populations were separated into two clusters; the first is Kepek-Angondara, Anduna-Napabalano-Matakidi, Wakuru, and the second is Wakonti. AMOVA showed that the genetic variation was insignificant between regions, but significant among populations. The structural analysis demonstrates the division of populations into two lineages (Java and Southeast Sulawesi populations). Differences in genetic structures indicated that the teak from Southeast Sulawesi may have originated from other sources. Thus, those populations are promising for broadening the genetic base of commercial teak in Java.
摘要柚木(Tectona grandis)种子源间的亲缘关系较低，因此需要其他来源的遗传物质来维持广泛的遗传多样性。因此，本研究旨在评估印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛东南部柚木遗传结构的效力。从六个种群:Angondara村、Anduna村(科纳维)、Napabalano村、Matakidi村、Wakuru村(穆纳)和Wakonti村(布顿)取样树叶材料。来自爪哇岛(Kepek)的1个种群作为外群。利用6个微卫星标记对遗传结构进行了评价。群体内遗传多样性中等(平均期望杂合度= 0.544;平均等位基因丰富度= 3.752)，群体间的遗传分化(平均F ST = 0.085)。树状图分析表明，种群分为两个聚类;第一个是Kepek-Angondara, Anduna-Napabalano-Matakidi, Wakuru，第二个是Wakonti。AMOVA分析表明，区域间遗传变异不显著，但群体间遗传变异显著。结构分析表明种群分为两个谱系(爪哇种群和东南苏拉威西种群)。遗传结构的差异表明苏拉威西岛东南部的柚木可能起源于其他来源。因此，这些种群有望扩大爪哇商业柚木的遗传基础。
{"title":"Assessing the genetic structure of teak from Southeast Sulawesi and its implication for genetic conservation and utilization in Indonesia","authors":"I. L. G. Nurtjahjaningsih, A. Rimbawanto, M. A. Fauzi, E. Dormontt, A. Lowe, R. Hendrati, L. Baskorowati, M. Susanto, Harry Budi Santoso Sulistiadi, Mashudi, S. Pudjiono, D. Setiadi, Sumardi, E. Pujiono","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2165281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2165281","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Genetic relationships among teak (Tectona grandis) seed sources have been found to be low, thus genetic materials from other sources are required to maintain broad genetic diversity. This study here is therefore aimed to assess the potency of teak genetic structure in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Leaf materials were sampled from six populations: the villages of Angondara, Anduna (Konawe), Napabalano, Matakidi, Wakuru (Muna) and Wakonti (Buton). One population from Java Island (Kepek) was used as an outgroup. Genetic structures were assessed by using six microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity within populations was moderate (mean expected heterozygosity = 0.544; mean allelic richness = 3.752) as well as the genetic differentiation among the populations (mean F ST = 0.085). Dendrogram analysis revealed that the populations were separated into two clusters; the first is Kepek-Angondara, Anduna-Napabalano-Matakidi, Wakuru, and the second is Wakonti. AMOVA showed that the genetic variation was insignificant between regions, but significant among populations. The structural analysis demonstrates the division of populations into two lineages (Java and Southeast Sulawesi populations). Differences in genetic structures indicated that the teak from Southeast Sulawesi may have originated from other sources. Thus, those populations are promising for broadening the genetic base of commercial teak in Java.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"21 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84695977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2170473
A. E. Huaccha-Castillo, F. H. Fernandez-Zarate, Luis Jhoseph Pérez-Delgado, Karla Saith Tantalean-Osores, Segundo Primitivo Vaca-Marquina, Tito Sanchez-Santillán, Eli Morales-Rojas, Alejandro Seminario-Cunya, L. Quiñones-Huatangari
Abstract Non-destructive methods that accurately estimate leaf area (LA) and leaf weight (LW) are simple and inexpensive, and represent powerful tools in the development of physiological and agronomic research. The objective of this research is to generate mathematical models for estimating the LA and LW of Cinchona officinalis leaves. A total of 220 leaves were collected from C. officinalis plants 10 months after transplantation. Each leaf was measured for length, width, weight, and leaf area. Data for 80% of leaves were used to form the training set, and data for the remaining 20% were used as the validation set. The training set was used for model fit and choice, whereas the validation set al.lowed assessment of the of the model’s predictive ability. The LA and LW were modeled using seven linear regression models based on the length (L) and width (Wi) of leaves. In addition, the models were assessed based on calculation of the following statistics: goodness of fit (R 2), root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), and the deviation between the regression line of the observed versus expected values and the reference line, determined by the area between these lines (ABL). For LA estimation, the model LA = 11.521(Wi) − 21.422 (R 2 = 0.96, RMSE = 28.16, AIC = 3.48, and ABL = 140.34) was chosen, while for LW determination, LW = 0.2419(Wi) − 0.4936 (R 2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.56, AIC = 37.36, and ABL = 0.03) was selected. Finally, the LA and LW of C. officinalis could be estimated through linear regression involving leaf width, proving to be a simple and accurate tool.
{"title":"Non-destructive estimation of leaf area and leaf weight of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) based on linear models","authors":"A. E. Huaccha-Castillo, F. H. Fernandez-Zarate, Luis Jhoseph Pérez-Delgado, Karla Saith Tantalean-Osores, Segundo Primitivo Vaca-Marquina, Tito Sanchez-Santillán, Eli Morales-Rojas, Alejandro Seminario-Cunya, L. Quiñones-Huatangari","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2170473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2170473","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Non-destructive methods that accurately estimate leaf area (LA) and leaf weight (LW) are simple and inexpensive, and represent powerful tools in the development of physiological and agronomic research. The objective of this research is to generate mathematical models for estimating the LA and LW of Cinchona officinalis leaves. A total of 220 leaves were collected from C. officinalis plants 10 months after transplantation. Each leaf was measured for length, width, weight, and leaf area. Data for 80% of leaves were used to form the training set, and data for the remaining 20% were used as the validation set. The training set was used for model fit and choice, whereas the validation set al.lowed assessment of the of the model’s predictive ability. The LA and LW were modeled using seven linear regression models based on the length (L) and width (Wi) of leaves. In addition, the models were assessed based on calculation of the following statistics: goodness of fit (R 2), root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), and the deviation between the regression line of the observed versus expected values and the reference line, determined by the area between these lines (ABL). For LA estimation, the model LA = 11.521(Wi) − 21.422 (R 2 = 0.96, RMSE = 28.16, AIC = 3.48, and ABL = 140.34) was chosen, while for LW determination, LW = 0.2419(Wi) − 0.4936 (R 2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.56, AIC = 37.36, and ABL = 0.03) was selected. Finally, the LA and LW of C. officinalis could be estimated through linear regression involving leaf width, proving to be a simple and accurate tool.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"59 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85112178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2165173
Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar, Dorjsuren Chimednyam, Baatarbileg Nachin, B. Ganbaatar, A. Gradel
Abstract The accurate estimation of tree above-ground (AGB) and below-ground (BGB) biomass components and their root/shoot ratio play key roles in stand and country-level forest biomass and carbon stock estimation. Nevertheless, site-specific and appropriate biomass equations and root/shoot ratio are hardly available for natural larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forests in Mongolia. The present study aimed (1) to develop allometric equations to estimate the above- and below-ground biomass of L. sibirica trees, and (2) to estimate the root/shoot ratio applicable for estimating the root biomass based on above-ground biomass of natural larch forests in northern Mongolia. A total of 40 trees with DBH ranging from 6.8 to 40.8 cm were sampled for tree biomass analyses. For each biomass component, we calculated the proportion of biomass allocated to different components, and also tested four allometric equations based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and height (H) as independent variables. Our results, based on measurements of oven-dried biomass, revealed that stem biomass on average accounted for 44.5% and followed by branch (28.6%) and root (19.9%) biomass, respectively. Stem and branch biomass proportions were gradually increased with increasing DBH, while a contrary trend was observed for needles. The root/shoot ratio averaged 0.25. A comparison of the allocation of root biomass by diameter fractions showed an ever-growing trend of coarse roots with an increase in stem diameter, which often exceeded more than 50% of the total root biomass. However, biomass equations, which include both DBH and H were more precise than equations that are solely based only on DBH. Consequently, among the proposed allometric regression models for estimating the AGB and BGB, the equation y = aD b H c was selected as the best-fitted equation for estimating each biomass component in Siberian larch forests. These allometric equations are available to be used for the estimation of natural larch forest biomass and carbon stocks in the Khentii Mountains of Mongolia, where extreme continental climate conditions dominate.
准确估算树木地上(AGB)和地下(BGB)生物量组成及其根冠比在林分和国家级森林生物量和碳储量估算中起着关键作用。然而，蒙古天然落叶松(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)林的立地特异性和适宜的生物量方程和根冠比很难得到。本研究的目的是:(1)建立西伯利亚落叶松地上和地下生物量的异速生长方程;(2)以蒙古北部天然落叶松地上生物量为基础，估算适用于根系生物量估算的根冠比。选取胸径6.8 ~ 40.8 cm的40棵乔木进行生物量分析。对于每个生物量组分，我们计算了分配给不同组分的生物量比例，并测试了以胸径(DBH)和高度(H)为自变量的4个异速生长方程。研究结果显示，干生物量平均占44.5%，其次是树枝(28.6%)和根系(19.9%)。茎、枝生物量比例随胸径的增加而逐渐增加，而针叶生物量比例则相反。根冠比平均为0.25。根系生物量按径级分配的比较表明，粗根随着茎粗的增加呈不断增长的趋势，粗根占总根系生物量的比例往往超过50%以上。然而，包括胸径和胸径的生物量方程比仅基于胸径的方程更精确。因此，在估算西伯利亚落叶松林分生物量和生物量的异速生长回归模型中，y = aD b H c是估算西伯利亚落叶松林分生物量各组分的最佳拟合方程。这些异速生长方程可用于估计蒙古Khentii山脉的天然落叶松森林生物量和碳储量，那里的极端大陆性气候条件占主导地位。
{"title":"Allometric equations for the estimation of above- and below-ground biomass for Larix sibirica Ledeb. in Northern Mongolia","authors":"Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar, Dorjsuren Chimednyam, Baatarbileg Nachin, B. Ganbaatar, A. Gradel","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2165173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2165173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The accurate estimation of tree above-ground (AGB) and below-ground (BGB) biomass components and their root/shoot ratio play key roles in stand and country-level forest biomass and carbon stock estimation. Nevertheless, site-specific and appropriate biomass equations and root/shoot ratio are hardly available for natural larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forests in Mongolia. The present study aimed (1) to develop allometric equations to estimate the above- and below-ground biomass of L. sibirica trees, and (2) to estimate the root/shoot ratio applicable for estimating the root biomass based on above-ground biomass of natural larch forests in northern Mongolia. A total of 40 trees with DBH ranging from 6.8 to 40.8 cm were sampled for tree biomass analyses. For each biomass component, we calculated the proportion of biomass allocated to different components, and also tested four allometric equations based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and height (H) as independent variables. Our results, based on measurements of oven-dried biomass, revealed that stem biomass on average accounted for 44.5% and followed by branch (28.6%) and root (19.9%) biomass, respectively. Stem and branch biomass proportions were gradually increased with increasing DBH, while a contrary trend was observed for needles. The root/shoot ratio averaged 0.25. A comparison of the allocation of root biomass by diameter fractions showed an ever-growing trend of coarse roots with an increase in stem diameter, which often exceeded more than 50% of the total root biomass. However, biomass equations, which include both DBH and H were more precise than equations that are solely based only on DBH. Consequently, among the proposed allometric regression models for estimating the AGB and BGB, the equation y = aD b H c was selected as the best-fitted equation for estimating each biomass component in Siberian larch forests. These allometric equations are available to be used for the estimation of natural larch forest biomass and carbon stocks in the Khentii Mountains of Mongolia, where extreme continental climate conditions dominate.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"12 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84425861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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