Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2063952
P. Wirabuana, R. Hendrati, L. Baskorowati, M. Susanto, . Mashudi, Harry Budi Santoso Sulistiadi, D. Setiadi, . Sumardi, Syamsu Alam
Abstract Clonal teak plantation has been extensively developed in Java and providing a purposeful contribution to improve the productivity of the state forests. It also plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation and serves as a primary source of renewable energy. However, information about its stand dynamics has been rarely documented. This study investigated the growth, biomass, carbon stock, and energy storage along an age series of clonal teak plantation. The study site was located in the Kendal Forest Management Unit. Data were collected from 14 different compartments as the priority sites of clonal teak establishment. Every compartment had similar site quality but different in age stand. Results demonstrated that the incremental rate of diameter and height was higher during the initial period between 1 and 3 years. The mean volume increased along with age and reached its maximum value at 14 years (164.54 m3 ha−1). Biomass distribution in each tree component varied from 8.75 to 66.72%. More than 80% biomass production was accumulated above ground. Total carbon stock improved from 2.68 Mg ha−1 at 1 year to 54.01 Mg ha−1 at 14 years. Our study noted that the total energy storage in clonal teak plantation increased progressively from 22.71 × 106 MJ ha−1 at 1 year to 377.74 × 106 MJ ha−1 at 14 years. Overall, this study concluded the growth, biomass, carbon, and energy in clonal teak increased progressively with age. Further investigations are still required to understand the stand dynamics of clonal teak at different sites.
克隆柚木人工林在爪哇得到了广泛的发展，并为提高国有森林的生产力做出了有意义的贡献。它还在减缓气候变化方面发挥关键作用，是可再生能源的主要来源。然而，关于其林分动态的资料很少被文献记载。研究了无性系柚木人工林生长、生物量、碳储量和能量的变化规律。研究地点位于肯德尔森林管理股。从14个不同的室收集数据，作为克隆柚木建立的优先地点。各隔室立地质量相近，但年龄层不同。结果表明:在1 ~ 3年的初始阶段，直径和高度的增量速率较高;平均体积随年龄增长而增加，在14岁时达到最大值(164.54 m3 ha−1)。各组分生物量分布在8.75% ~ 66.72%之间。超过80%的生物量是在地上积累的。总碳储量从1年的2.68 Mg ha - 1增加到14年的54.01 Mg ha - 1。结果表明，克隆柚木人工林总蓄能从22.71 × 106 MJ ha - 1增加到377.74 × 106 MJ ha - 1。总体而言，随着年龄的增长，克隆柚木的生长、生物量、碳和能量逐渐增加。克隆柚木在不同地点的林分动态还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Growth performance, biomass accumulation, and energy production in age series of clonal teak plantation","authors":"P. Wirabuana, R. Hendrati, L. Baskorowati, M. Susanto, . Mashudi, Harry Budi Santoso Sulistiadi, D. Setiadi, . Sumardi, Syamsu Alam","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2063952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2063952","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Clonal teak plantation has been extensively developed in Java and providing a purposeful contribution to improve the productivity of the state forests. It also plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation and serves as a primary source of renewable energy. However, information about its stand dynamics has been rarely documented. This study investigated the growth, biomass, carbon stock, and energy storage along an age series of clonal teak plantation. The study site was located in the Kendal Forest Management Unit. Data were collected from 14 different compartments as the priority sites of clonal teak establishment. Every compartment had similar site quality but different in age stand. Results demonstrated that the incremental rate of diameter and height was higher during the initial period between 1 and 3 years. The mean volume increased along with age and reached its maximum value at 14 years (164.54 m3 ha−1). Biomass distribution in each tree component varied from 8.75 to 66.72%. More than 80% biomass production was accumulated above ground. Total carbon stock improved from 2.68 Mg ha−1 at 1 year to 54.01 Mg ha−1 at 14 years. Our study noted that the total energy storage in clonal teak plantation increased progressively from 22.71 × 106 MJ ha−1 at 1 year to 377.74 × 106 MJ ha−1 at 14 years. Overall, this study concluded the growth, biomass, carbon, and energy in clonal teak increased progressively with age. Further investigations are still required to understand the stand dynamics of clonal teak at different sites.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"67 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87187368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2075474
Chang-kee Lee, K. Kim
Abstract Following the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the forest industry sector now combines cutting-edge technology with other industries. Hence, the Special Classification for the Forest Industry was established to clearly define the scope of the forest industry. Therefore, we reclassify the 2018 input-output table of the Bank of Korea based on the Special Classification of the Forest Industry. Specifically, we calculate the proportion of the forest industry that contributes to the products and services of each industry and divide them into forest and non-forest industry sectors to create the input-output table of the forest industry. We find that a direct and indirect production inducement effect of KRW 193.4 million occurs when KRW 100 million is invested in the forest industry. The import inducement coefficient is 0.221 and the value-added inducement coefficient is 0.779. In the labor sector, the total workers inducement coefficient is 12.9 and the employee inducement coefficient is 8.5.
{"title":"Effects of the forest industry on the South Korean national economy: evidence from an Input-Output analysis based on the special classification for the forest industry","authors":"Chang-kee Lee, K. Kim","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2075474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2075474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Following the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the forest industry sector now combines cutting-edge technology with other industries. Hence, the Special Classification for the Forest Industry was established to clearly define the scope of the forest industry. Therefore, we reclassify the 2018 input-output table of the Bank of Korea based on the Special Classification of the Forest Industry. Specifically, we calculate the proportion of the forest industry that contributes to the products and services of each industry and divide them into forest and non-forest industry sectors to create the input-output table of the forest industry. We find that a direct and indirect production inducement effect of KRW 193.4 million occurs when KRW 100 million is invested in the forest industry. The import inducement coefficient is 0.221 and the value-added inducement coefficient is 0.779. In the labor sector, the total workers inducement coefficient is 12.9 and the employee inducement coefficient is 8.5.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"56 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74781440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2069871
Minjae Cho, Yun-Sung Choi, Jae-Heun Oh, Ho-Seong Mun, Sang-kyun Han
Abstract Considerable amounts of noncommercial materials generated from thinning treatments remain unattended on the site because the value of small-sized timber is lower than overall thinning operation costs in South Korea. In addition, thinning operations with conventional and mechanized harvesting systems often cause severe physical damage to residual trees. In this study, therefore, we compared and analyzed the harvesting productivity, cost, and residual stand damage between single-tree selection thinning (SST) and mechanized line thinning (MLT) systems on conifer plantation forests. For conventional SST, ground skidding (uphill/downhill) was performed using a tractor winch after manual felling and bucking. The MLT consisted of mechanized felling, downhill shovel logging, and processing with a small-scale grapple-saw for the fourth double row (MLT1) and the third row (MLT2) thinning section. The MLT system was more productive and cost-effective in performing thinning treatment and collecting thinning materials than SST. The MLT1 and MLT2 costs were 81.4% and 70.6% lower than the SST cost ($77.6/m3), respectively. The residual stand damages of the SST (3.4%) were lower than those of MLT1 (4.8%) and MLT2 (21.2%); however, there was no significant difference in residual stand damages between two thinning systems (p > 0.05). Therefore, forest managers should consider the use of MLT system to reduce thinning costs and efficiently produce thinning materials for their thinning operations. However, operators still need to be careful felling and extracting operations to reduce the residual stand damages for thinning treatments.
{"title":"Comparison of harvesting productivity, cost, and residual stand damages between single-tree selection thinning and mechanized line thinning using a small-scale grapple-saw","authors":"Minjae Cho, Yun-Sung Choi, Jae-Heun Oh, Ho-Seong Mun, Sang-kyun Han","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2069871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2069871","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Considerable amounts of noncommercial materials generated from thinning treatments remain unattended on the site because the value of small-sized timber is lower than overall thinning operation costs in South Korea. In addition, thinning operations with conventional and mechanized harvesting systems often cause severe physical damage to residual trees. In this study, therefore, we compared and analyzed the harvesting productivity, cost, and residual stand damage between single-tree selection thinning (SST) and mechanized line thinning (MLT) systems on conifer plantation forests. For conventional SST, ground skidding (uphill/downhill) was performed using a tractor winch after manual felling and bucking. The MLT consisted of mechanized felling, downhill shovel logging, and processing with a small-scale grapple-saw for the fourth double row (MLT1) and the third row (MLT2) thinning section. The MLT system was more productive and cost-effective in performing thinning treatment and collecting thinning materials than SST. The MLT1 and MLT2 costs were 81.4% and 70.6% lower than the SST cost ($77.6/m3), respectively. The residual stand damages of the SST (3.4%) were lower than those of MLT1 (4.8%) and MLT2 (21.2%); however, there was no significant difference in residual stand damages between two thinning systems (p > 0.05). Therefore, forest managers should consider the use of MLT system to reduce thinning costs and efficiently produce thinning materials for their thinning operations. However, operators still need to be careful felling and extracting operations to reduce the residual stand damages for thinning treatments.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"45 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89000507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2048900
Won-Hyeon Lim, Kwanghun Choi, Wonhee Cho, Byungwoo Chang, Dongwook W. Ko
Abstract Pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is an invasive pathogen in South Korea, where it has caused pine wilt disease (PWD) with extremely high mortality of native pine species (Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, and Pinus koraiensis). Since the disease spreads by its vectors, native pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuarius), the cost of monitoring the expansion has been rapidly increasing. Furthermore, it is even more costly to eliminate new and isolated infections since unremoved infected trees act as new sources of infection through the preferred oviposition of the beetles on such trees. The methodology of combining unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and object detection based on deep learning provides the opportunity to solve such problems, as UAV with RGB camera can provide high spatial resolution aerial image and digital surface model (DSM), which can be used for object detection with excellent results. In this study, we evaluated the performance of this method to detect dead pine trees in PWD-damaged areas. In particular, to ensure low omission error of monitoring, YOLOv3 was employed for object detection as the model design is focused on minimizing the omission error. We also modified the model so that the positions and crown diameter could be estimated. Four detection models were trained using four different combinations between aerial images (R, G, B) and DSM from UAV. Among them, the model from RGB showed the highest performance (recall: 0.9909, precision: 0.8438) and was selected as the optimal model. Our results suggest that our method can contribute to low-cost and effective monitoring of the dead pine trees while maintaining low omission error, which is critical for PWD management.
{"title":"Efficient dead pine tree detecting method in the Forest damaged by pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) through utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning-based object detection techniques","authors":"Won-Hyeon Lim, Kwanghun Choi, Wonhee Cho, Byungwoo Chang, Dongwook W. Ko","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2048900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2048900","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is an invasive pathogen in South Korea, where it has caused pine wilt disease (PWD) with extremely high mortality of native pine species (Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, and Pinus koraiensis). Since the disease spreads by its vectors, native pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuarius), the cost of monitoring the expansion has been rapidly increasing. Furthermore, it is even more costly to eliminate new and isolated infections since unremoved infected trees act as new sources of infection through the preferred oviposition of the beetles on such trees. The methodology of combining unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and object detection based on deep learning provides the opportunity to solve such problems, as UAV with RGB camera can provide high spatial resolution aerial image and digital surface model (DSM), which can be used for object detection with excellent results. In this study, we evaluated the performance of this method to detect dead pine trees in PWD-damaged areas. In particular, to ensure low omission error of monitoring, YOLOv3 was employed for object detection as the model design is focused on minimizing the omission error. We also modified the model so that the positions and crown diameter could be estimated. Four detection models were trained using four different combinations between aerial images (R, G, B) and DSM from UAV. Among them, the model from RGB showed the highest performance (recall: 0.9909, precision: 0.8438) and was selected as the optimal model. Our results suggest that our method can contribute to low-cost and effective monitoring of the dead pine trees while maintaining low omission error, which is critical for PWD management.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"36 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86901302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2029774
G. Lee, Tae‐Wan Han, Sun Keun Lee, Sang-Sub Han
Abstract Phytoplasma has been newly detected in Elaeocarpus sylvestris, a tree species that grows on the island of Jeju, South Korea. Various symptoms of infection of E. sylvestris have appeared since 2013, including loss of leaf coloration, such as yellowing, darkening and branch dieback. We analyzed leaves and seeds of E. sylvestris sequences infected by phytoplasma, and found partial 16S rRNA sequences to be 99.5%, and secA genes 98.2% correlated with Malaysian periwinkle virescence group strain ELY-BN1, MaPV, MOP, MYD, and TtWB. Analyzing these sequences and through the virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (virtual-RFLP), we report here the first occurrence of Elaeocarpus decline associated with a phytoplasma strain belonging to 16SXXXII groups, as well as the first detection of phytoplasma in the seeds of E. sylvestris in South Korea.
{"title":"Candidatus phytoplasma malaysianum (16SrXXXII) associated with Elaeocarpus sylvestris decline in South Korea","authors":"G. Lee, Tae‐Wan Han, Sun Keun Lee, Sang-Sub Han","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2029774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2029774","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phytoplasma has been newly detected in Elaeocarpus sylvestris, a tree species that grows on the island of Jeju, South Korea. Various symptoms of infection of E. sylvestris have appeared since 2013, including loss of leaf coloration, such as yellowing, darkening and branch dieback. We analyzed leaves and seeds of E. sylvestris sequences infected by phytoplasma, and found partial 16S rRNA sequences to be 99.5%, and secA genes 98.2% correlated with Malaysian periwinkle virescence group strain ELY-BN1, MaPV, MOP, MYD, and TtWB. Analyzing these sequences and through the virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (virtual-RFLP), we report here the first occurrence of Elaeocarpus decline associated with a phytoplasma strain belonging to 16SXXXII groups, as well as the first detection of phytoplasma in the seeds of E. sylvestris in South Korea.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"7 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82476624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2039305
E. Widyati, Sutiyono, Darwo, N. Mindawati, M. Yulianti, D. Prameswari, L. Abdulah, K. Yuniarti, H. Baral
Abstract To produce large volumes of biomass for implementing its green energy policy, the Government of Indonesia has issued a short rotation energy plantation program for a number of tree species including Calliandra calothyrsus (Meissn.). Optimum density and prompt harvesting are needed to maximise productivity, but information regarding both factors is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the optimum growth spacing and ideal felling age to produce the largest volumes of biomass both economically and sustainably. Experiments were arranged on one hectare of land, which was divided into four plots with different plant spacing treatments (1 × 1.5 m; 1.5 × 1.5 m; 2 × 1.5 m; and 2 × 2 m). Growth and yield observations were carried out on plants aged 12, 18, and 24 months in each plot, with 30 sample trees left for growth observations and ten sample trees cut at each of the three ages after planting. This resulted in a total of 240 samples from the 2,710 trees planted. Trees were felled at 50 cm from the soil surface, and the resulting stools were left to regrow. A year after felling, resulting coppices, were observed and cut. Growth, productivity and calorific value were studied for both ‘primary’ and ‘coppiced’ wood. Study results demonstrate that competition between plants strongly determines the growth and productivity of ‘primary’ wood. The plot with the densest plant spacing had the lowest nutrient content for almost all soil nutrients. Higher plant density showed higher competition index values, and resulted in fewer and smaller diameter stems emerging from stools, and lower biomass productivity. Competition index values, which increased with plant age, can be used as an indicator for determining harvest timing. Productivity increased by up to 15% following development as a coppice plantation. Optimum wood productivity and greatest economy came from parent stands with plant spacing of 2 × 2 m, harvested at 18 months old and coppiced. This treatment yielded an average biomass/tree of primary wood 7.2 kg and coppice wood 8.22 kg, respectively, with lignin content of approximately 22%, and calorific value of around 18,807 kJ. These values match biomass energy requirements for feedstock for electricity generation. Harvesting at 24 months showed no significant increases in productivity, lignin content, or calorific value.
{"title":"Optimum plant density and harvest age for maximizing productivity and minimizing competition in a Calliandra short-rotation-coppice plantation in West Java, Indonesia","authors":"E. Widyati, Sutiyono, Darwo, N. Mindawati, M. Yulianti, D. Prameswari, L. Abdulah, K. Yuniarti, H. Baral","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2039305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2039305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To produce large volumes of biomass for implementing its green energy policy, the Government of Indonesia has issued a short rotation energy plantation program for a number of tree species including Calliandra calothyrsus (Meissn.). Optimum density and prompt harvesting are needed to maximise productivity, but information regarding both factors is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the optimum growth spacing and ideal felling age to produce the largest volumes of biomass both economically and sustainably. Experiments were arranged on one hectare of land, which was divided into four plots with different plant spacing treatments (1 × 1.5 m; 1.5 × 1.5 m; 2 × 1.5 m; and 2 × 2 m). Growth and yield observations were carried out on plants aged 12, 18, and 24 months in each plot, with 30 sample trees left for growth observations and ten sample trees cut at each of the three ages after planting. This resulted in a total of 240 samples from the 2,710 trees planted. Trees were felled at 50 cm from the soil surface, and the resulting stools were left to regrow. A year after felling, resulting coppices, were observed and cut. Growth, productivity and calorific value were studied for both ‘primary’ and ‘coppiced’ wood. Study results demonstrate that competition between plants strongly determines the growth and productivity of ‘primary’ wood. The plot with the densest plant spacing had the lowest nutrient content for almost all soil nutrients. Higher plant density showed higher competition index values, and resulted in fewer and smaller diameter stems emerging from stools, and lower biomass productivity. Competition index values, which increased with plant age, can be used as an indicator for determining harvest timing. Productivity increased by up to 15% following development as a coppice plantation. Optimum wood productivity and greatest economy came from parent stands with plant spacing of 2 × 2 m, harvested at 18 months old and coppiced. This treatment yielded an average biomass/tree of primary wood 7.2 kg and coppice wood 8.22 kg, respectively, with lignin content of approximately 22%, and calorific value of around 18,807 kJ. These values match biomass energy requirements for feedstock for electricity generation. Harvesting at 24 months showed no significant increases in productivity, lignin content, or calorific value.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"127 1","pages":"26 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80393028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2027275
Hyowon Park, Mahn-Jo Kim, Chulwoo Kim, Narae Han, U. Lee
Abstract Optimal harvest date is an important quality parameter for hardy kiwifruit. We, therefore, examined the ideal harvest date to obtain high-quality ripe “Autumn sense” hardy kiwifruit. The fruit was harvested at four different harvest maturity stages [6.2%, 7.1%, 8.1%, and 9.1% average soluble solids content (SSC); H1, H2, H3, and H4, respectively], then treated with exogenous ethylene at ambient temperature, to examine the quality of the ripening fruit. The four harvest maturity stages differed significantly in firmness, SSC, titratable acidity (TA), and SSC/TA ratio, both in freshly harvested and ripe hardy kiwifruit (p < 0.001). Fruit firmness at harvest gradually decreased from 32.1 to 25.1 N, while SSC increased steadily as harvest maturity increased. TA increased steadily from 0.8 in H1 to 1.1% in H3, and was lower in H4. After ethylene treatment, the range of firmness was much lower, at 2.7–3.1 N, while SSC increased significantly from 15.1% in H1 to 16.4% in H4. TA decreased significantly from 1.0% at harvest to 0.7% after ethylene treatment, regardless of harvest maturity stage. For H3 fruit, TA was 56% lower after ethylene treatment than before treatment. After treatment, H3 had the highest SSC/TA (p < 0.001). Consumer preference was higher for H3 and H4 than H1 and H2, and was highly correlated with the SSC/TA ratio at harvest and after ethylene treatment, and with SSC at harvest. These results suggest that TA, SSC, and SSC/TA should be considered for determining the optimal harvest maturity for hardy kiwifruit. This study reveals that the quality of ripened hardy kiwifruit can be maximized by controlling harvest maturity.
{"title":"Harvest maturity highly affects fruit quality attributes of ethylene-treated ‘autumn sense’ hardy kiwifruit","authors":"Hyowon Park, Mahn-Jo Kim, Chulwoo Kim, Narae Han, U. Lee","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2027275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2027275","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Optimal harvest date is an important quality parameter for hardy kiwifruit. We, therefore, examined the ideal harvest date to obtain high-quality ripe “Autumn sense” hardy kiwifruit. The fruit was harvested at four different harvest maturity stages [6.2%, 7.1%, 8.1%, and 9.1% average soluble solids content (SSC); H1, H2, H3, and H4, respectively], then treated with exogenous ethylene at ambient temperature, to examine the quality of the ripening fruit. The four harvest maturity stages differed significantly in firmness, SSC, titratable acidity (TA), and SSC/TA ratio, both in freshly harvested and ripe hardy kiwifruit (p < 0.001). Fruit firmness at harvest gradually decreased from 32.1 to 25.1 N, while SSC increased steadily as harvest maturity increased. TA increased steadily from 0.8 in H1 to 1.1% in H3, and was lower in H4. After ethylene treatment, the range of firmness was much lower, at 2.7–3.1 N, while SSC increased significantly from 15.1% in H1 to 16.4% in H4. TA decreased significantly from 1.0% at harvest to 0.7% after ethylene treatment, regardless of harvest maturity stage. For H3 fruit, TA was 56% lower after ethylene treatment than before treatment. After treatment, H3 had the highest SSC/TA (p < 0.001). Consumer preference was higher for H3 and H4 than H1 and H2, and was highly correlated with the SSC/TA ratio at harvest and after ethylene treatment, and with SSC at harvest. These results suggest that TA, SSC, and SSC/TA should be considered for determining the optimal harvest maturity for hardy kiwifruit. This study reveals that the quality of ripened hardy kiwifruit can be maximized by controlling harvest maturity.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"72 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86310301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The use of remote sensing in natural resource management is an easily accessible input for obtaining detailed information on the ground and landscape. There is a wide range of procedures to analyze the forest canopy through satellite images. The purpose of this work is to obtain a map of forest opening with remote sensing by relating several vegetation indices, Kauth-Thomas transformation and texture filters, to a Landsat 8OLI image. A factor analysis was made to evaluate the contribution of these variable to identify the opening of the forest cover, yielding a σ2 = 76%. The results show that the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and brightness factor have the best correlation (0.225–0.216 component coefficient). The resulting model was reclassified into five categories of forest opening and associated with land use data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI-México). Thus, 95% of human settlements have a canopy opening between medium and very high, the crops areas 72%, and the low deciduous forest with secondary shrub vegetation 100% of the opening. Coniferous and mixed forests have a low to very low canopy opening 46% and 55%, respectively of their surface. The forests with secondary vegetation, both shrub and arboreal, present greater openness than the same forests in the primary state. Verification of the spatial representation data of canopy opening was made by comparing 94 hemispheric photographs with 94 sites located in open areas obtaining an r = 0.57. This work offers a simple and straightforward methodology, easily replicable in different types of vegetation using free satellite imagery. Hence, it is a helpful tool for decision-makers when considering the general status of conservation of forest systems and their spatial distribution.
{"title":"Remote sensing based forest canopy opening and their spatial representation","authors":"Tania Fernández Vargas, Irma Trejo Vázquez, Raúl Aguirre Gómez","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.2002198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.2002198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of remote sensing in natural resource management is an easily accessible input for obtaining detailed information on the ground and landscape. There is a wide range of procedures to analyze the forest canopy through satellite images. The purpose of this work is to obtain a map of forest opening with remote sensing by relating several vegetation indices, Kauth-Thomas transformation and texture filters, to a Landsat 8OLI image. A factor analysis was made to evaluate the contribution of these variable to identify the opening of the forest cover, yielding a σ2 = 76%. The results show that the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and brightness factor have the best correlation (0.225–0.216 component coefficient). The resulting model was reclassified into five categories of forest opening and associated with land use data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI-México). Thus, 95% of human settlements have a canopy opening between medium and very high, the crops areas 72%, and the low deciduous forest with secondary shrub vegetation 100% of the opening. Coniferous and mixed forests have a low to very low canopy opening 46% and 55%, respectively of their surface. The forests with secondary vegetation, both shrub and arboreal, present greater openness than the same forests in the primary state. Verification of the spatial representation data of canopy opening was made by comparing 94 hemispheric photographs with 94 sites located in open areas obtaining an r = 0.57. This work offers a simple and straightforward methodology, easily replicable in different types of vegetation using free satellite imagery. Hence, it is a helpful tool for decision-makers when considering the general status of conservation of forest systems and their spatial distribution.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"214 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76574002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2021.2007172
Ki Yoon Kim, S. Lim, Min Ji Hong, H. Kim, Eui Kyung Kim, Y. Park
Abstract Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) is an endangered nocturnal flying mammal inhabiting the conserved forests in the Korean Peninsula. This study investigated the artificial nest usage patterns of a released Siberian flying squirrel individual and other wild species inhabiting the area using trail cameras. Our observations indicated that the released Siberian flying squirrel preferred artificial nests with an entrance diameter of 4 cm rather than 6.5 cm installed in the study area. Additionally, the Siberian flying squirrel used at least four nests. During winter, Eurasian nuthatch bird species competed with the Siberian flying squirrel for the nests. Therefore, to reduce competition for nests, further research on the nest entrance size, nest depth, and insulation material preferred by the Siberian flying squirrels and Eurasian nuthatch birds is necessary. This study provides significant information on whether artificial nests installed in areas, where rescued Siberian flying squirrels are released, can be used as early nesting sites by the Siberian flying squirrels to facilitate their easy re-settlement in the natural habitats.
{"title":"Artificial nest usage patterns of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) released in natural habitat","authors":"Ki Yoon Kim, S. Lim, Min Ji Hong, H. Kim, Eui Kyung Kim, Y. Park","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.2007172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.2007172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) is an endangered nocturnal flying mammal inhabiting the conserved forests in the Korean Peninsula. This study investigated the artificial nest usage patterns of a released Siberian flying squirrel individual and other wild species inhabiting the area using trail cameras. Our observations indicated that the released Siberian flying squirrel preferred artificial nests with an entrance diameter of 4 cm rather than 6.5 cm installed in the study area. Additionally, the Siberian flying squirrel used at least four nests. During winter, Eurasian nuthatch bird species competed with the Siberian flying squirrel for the nests. Therefore, to reduce competition for nests, further research on the nest entrance size, nest depth, and insulation material preferred by the Siberian flying squirrels and Eurasian nuthatch birds is necessary. This study provides significant information on whether artificial nests installed in areas, where rescued Siberian flying squirrels are released, can be used as early nesting sites by the Siberian flying squirrels to facilitate their easy re-settlement in the natural habitats.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"225 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90060738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2021.2008020
So-Yeon Kim, Jungkee Choi
Abstract Adults in the modern society suffer from stress, and prolonged stress brings about various diseases. Hence, national measures to prevent stress are needed, and countries seek approaches based on the nature. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of forest healing programs on stress in the Korean adult population through a meta-analysis. Eleven pertinent studies were selected, and the effect size of each parameter, pooled effect size, and heterogeneity were examined. Further, the heterogeneity of effect sizes was analyzed through moderator analysis using categorical variables as the moderators. The results were as follows. First, the pooled effect size of stress was −0.95, which is considered a large effect size. Total variance I 2, which indicates the heterogeneity of effect size of stress, was quite large, at 77% (Q = 43.29, p < .0001). A meta-ANOVA analysis was performed for a moderator analysis with type of program, length of program, size of experimental group, subjects, sex, number of program sessions, and type of article, and there were no statistically significant differences between the parameters.
现代社会的成年人饱受压力之苦，长期的压力会带来各种疾病。因此，需要采取国家措施来防止压力，各国寻求基于性质的方法。本研究的目的是通过荟萃分析分析森林治疗计划对韩国成年人压力的影响。选择了11项相关研究，并对每个参数的效应量、合并效应量和异质性进行了检验。进一步，以分类变量为调节因子，通过调节因子分析分析效应量的异质性。结果如下:首先，压力的综合效应量为- 0.95，认为这是一个大的效应量。总方差i2相当大，为77% (Q = 43.29, p < 0.0001)，表明压力效应大小的异质性。采用meta-ANOVA分析对节目类型、节目长度、实验组规模、受试者、性别、节目次数和文章类型进行调节分析，参数之间无统计学显著差异。
{"title":"Effects of Korean forest healing programs on stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"So-Yeon Kim, Jungkee Choi","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.2008020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.2008020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adults in the modern society suffer from stress, and prolonged stress brings about various diseases. Hence, national measures to prevent stress are needed, and countries seek approaches based on the nature. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of forest healing programs on stress in the Korean adult population through a meta-analysis. Eleven pertinent studies were selected, and the effect size of each parameter, pooled effect size, and heterogeneity were examined. Further, the heterogeneity of effect sizes was analyzed through moderator analysis using categorical variables as the moderators. The results were as follows. First, the pooled effect size of stress was −0.95, which is considered a large effect size. Total variance I 2, which indicates the heterogeneity of effect size of stress, was quite large, at 77% (Q = 43.29, p < .0001). A meta-ANOVA analysis was performed for a moderator analysis with type of program, length of program, size of experimental group, subjects, sex, number of program sessions, and type of article, and there were no statistically significant differences between the parameters.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"76 1","pages":"206 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86311561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：