Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2175729
S. Pandey, Poonam Pant
Abstract Tree bark contains anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anticancer compounds and are therefore widely used by pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries as raw materials. Bark provides raw materials for adhesives, insulating materials, and even water purification. The article reviews the utilization of tree bark as a source of green chemicals and adhesives and the possibilities of their application in Nepal. The study also shows the direct utilization of bark as an insulating material and the extraction of chemicals as therapeutic. The extraction of chemicals from bark differs from species to species due to variations in chemical compositions. The study shows that despite the versatility of tree bark, Nepal hasn’t been using its benefits and utilized it just as waste. Finally, this paper discusses the perspective and challenges in the production of chemicals and materials from the bark.
{"title":"Possibilities and challenges for harnessing tree bark extracts for wood adhesives and green chemicals and its prospects in Nepal","authors":"S. Pandey, Poonam Pant","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2175729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2175729","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tree bark contains anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anticancer compounds and are therefore widely used by pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries as raw materials. Bark provides raw materials for adhesives, insulating materials, and even water purification. The article reviews the utilization of tree bark as a source of green chemicals and adhesives and the possibilities of their application in Nepal. The study also shows the direct utilization of bark as an insulating material and the extraction of chemicals as therapeutic. The extraction of chemicals from bark differs from species to species due to variations in chemical compositions. The study shows that despite the versatility of tree bark, Nepal hasn’t been using its benefits and utilized it just as waste. Finally, this paper discusses the perspective and challenges in the production of chemicals and materials from the bark.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"161 1","pages":"68 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83168389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2166593
F. Ruiz-Aquino, R. Feria-Reyes, J. G. Rutiaga-Quiñones, Luis Humberto Robledo-Taboada, R. Gabriel-Parra
Abstract The objective of this work was the extraction and quantification of tannins obtained from the bark of four tree species from the forests of Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico (Arbutus xalapensis Kunth., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus crassifolia Humb. and Bonpl., and Quercus laurina Humb. and Bonpl.), In this extraction process, 90% ethanol was used as solvent at an extraction temperature of 70 °C for 2 h. The quantification of phenolic compounds, condensed tannins, and percentage of total extract, were obtained using the Stiasny number. The total extracts were 12.87, 16.38, 19.31, and 25.68% for P. serotina, Q. laurina, Q. crassifolia, and A. xalapensis, respectively. The condensed tannins were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) where at 1626 cm−1 is observed an isomerization that implies a rotation between the C and B rings that corresponding at elongation of bonds in benzene structure of catechin. The purity of the extracted tannins was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The effectiveness of the extraction process was proven; the importance of knowing the amount of tannins will promote the utilization of the bark of these species. The results of the condensed tannin content place Quercus crasifolia (10.29%) and Arbutus xalapensis (13.12%) as potential sources of tannins.
{"title":"Characterization of tannin extracts derived from the bark of four tree species by HPLC and FTIR","authors":"F. Ruiz-Aquino, R. Feria-Reyes, J. G. Rutiaga-Quiñones, Luis Humberto Robledo-Taboada, R. Gabriel-Parra","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2166593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2166593","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this work was the extraction and quantification of tannins obtained from the bark of four tree species from the forests of Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico (Arbutus xalapensis Kunth., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus crassifolia Humb. and Bonpl., and Quercus laurina Humb. and Bonpl.), In this extraction process, 90% ethanol was used as solvent at an extraction temperature of 70 °C for 2 h. The quantification of phenolic compounds, condensed tannins, and percentage of total extract, were obtained using the Stiasny number. The total extracts were 12.87, 16.38, 19.31, and 25.68% for P. serotina, Q. laurina, Q. crassifolia, and A. xalapensis, respectively. The condensed tannins were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) where at 1626 cm−1 is observed an isomerization that implies a rotation between the C and B rings that corresponding at elongation of bonds in benzene structure of catechin. The purity of the extracted tannins was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The effectiveness of the extraction process was proven; the importance of knowing the amount of tannins will promote the utilization of the bark of these species. The results of the condensed tannin content place Quercus crasifolia (10.29%) and Arbutus xalapensis (13.12%) as potential sources of tannins.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"38 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75256955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2172462
N. Ben Ali, Rajae Benkaddour, Safaâ Rahmouni, Ibtissam Boussaoudi, Ouafaa Hamdoun, M. Hassoun, Latifa Azaroual, A. Badoc, P. Martín, A. Lamarti
Abstract Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is one of the most important Mediterranean forest tree species, and the Maâmora forest-Morocco is considered to be the world largest cork oak stand. Clonal propagation of Quercus suber via somatic embryogenesis is an alternative to conventional tree propagation methods. However, complete maturation of somatic embryos is considered the major bottleneck for mass propagation of Quercus suber during somatic embryogenesis. This study focuses on influences of cytokinins on secondary somatic embryogenesis. Cytokinins showed a negative effect on the induction of secondary somatic embryogenesis. For the various concentrations tested, the number of secondary somatic embryos was significantly reduced except in the case with low dose of 2iP, which showed a slight increase. Abscisic acid (ABA) may be beneficial at low concentrations between 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l. The best number of secondary embryos was given at 0.5 mg/l ABA with an average number of 5 embryos from each primary embryo, which represents a slight increase below 10% compared to control medium. Also, we found that the number of responsive embryos presenting secondary somatic embryos based on their cotyledons decreased once adding ABA. Phenylurea derivatives TDZ and DPU do not promoted the process of secondary somatic embryogenesis. DPU showed no significant effect with a similar response to that of the control medium and TDZ showed an inhibitory effect. Gibberellic acid (GA3) partially blocked the process of somatic embryos multiplication, but promoted remarkably the germination of cotyledonary embryos without requesting a particular protocol. Our results provide a new insight into embryo development, establishing the basis for further research toward improvement of secondary somatic embryogenesis in Moroccan cork oak.
{"title":"Secondary somatic embryogenesis in Cork oak: influence of plant growth regulators","authors":"N. Ben Ali, Rajae Benkaddour, Safaâ Rahmouni, Ibtissam Boussaoudi, Ouafaa Hamdoun, M. Hassoun, Latifa Azaroual, A. Badoc, P. Martín, A. Lamarti","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2172462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2172462","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) is one of the most important Mediterranean forest tree species, and the Maâmora forest-Morocco is considered to be the world largest cork oak stand. Clonal propagation of Quercus suber via somatic embryogenesis is an alternative to conventional tree propagation methods. However, complete maturation of somatic embryos is considered the major bottleneck for mass propagation of Quercus suber during somatic embryogenesis. This study focuses on influences of cytokinins on secondary somatic embryogenesis. Cytokinins showed a negative effect on the induction of secondary somatic embryogenesis. For the various concentrations tested, the number of secondary somatic embryos was significantly reduced except in the case with low dose of 2iP, which showed a slight increase. Abscisic acid (ABA) may be beneficial at low concentrations between 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l. The best number of secondary embryos was given at 0.5 mg/l ABA with an average number of 5 embryos from each primary embryo, which represents a slight increase below 10% compared to control medium. Also, we found that the number of responsive embryos presenting secondary somatic embryos based on their cotyledons decreased once adding ABA. Phenylurea derivatives TDZ and DPU do not promoted the process of secondary somatic embryogenesis. DPU showed no significant effect with a similar response to that of the control medium and TDZ showed an inhibitory effect. Gibberellic acid (GA3) partially blocked the process of somatic embryos multiplication, but promoted remarkably the germination of cotyledonary embryos without requesting a particular protocol. Our results provide a new insight into embryo development, establishing the basis for further research toward improvement of secondary somatic embryogenesis in Moroccan cork oak.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"78 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82412665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2023.2166132
P. Sarkar, A. Sinha, M. Dhakar, B. Das, B. Bhatt
Abstract The species, Schleichera oleosa (Kusum), holds an important place in the livelihood of tribal farmers in eastern region of India. It is getting popular due to its ethnobotanical values and its potential use as host plant for lac production. Its natural population and genetic variability is declining at faster rate due to deforestation and human interventions. Mass production of Kusum seedlings is a major challenge and moreover, auto-generation of heterozygous nature in plants calls for long term experiments for its genetic improvement which require huge monetary investments. Moreover, the factors like low quality and quantity planting materials and the problem of restricted growth in plants raised from seeds hinder the interest of the farmers. Hence, clonal propagation through grafting could be an option. The scientific knowledge on application and standardization of various approaches like girdling of scionstick branches, age of mother plant, rootstocks, etc. of Kusum are extremely limited. Keeping these in view, an experiment was conducted during 2018–2021 to standardize grafting technique in Kusum. The result revealed that grafting methods affected the graft’s success significantly. Cleft grafting was found to be the most successful (72.38% graft) than veneer grafting (64.46%). Moreover, the scions collected from tree aged <15 years showed maximum success in grafting (upto 86.23%). This study revealed the importance of girdling of scionstick branches, girdling age (3 months), girdling-ring thickness (6–8 mm), and selection of two years old rootstock to maximize graft success upto 86.25% in Kusum. Furthermore, season also play an important role in successful grafting. The period from April to June was the best time for grafting with 73.31% success.
{"title":"Standardization of grafting technique in Kusum [Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken]","authors":"P. Sarkar, A. Sinha, M. Dhakar, B. Das, B. Bhatt","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2023.2166132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2023.2166132","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The species, Schleichera oleosa (Kusum), holds an important place in the livelihood of tribal farmers in eastern region of India. It is getting popular due to its ethnobotanical values and its potential use as host plant for lac production. Its natural population and genetic variability is declining at faster rate due to deforestation and human interventions. Mass production of Kusum seedlings is a major challenge and moreover, auto-generation of heterozygous nature in plants calls for long term experiments for its genetic improvement which require huge monetary investments. Moreover, the factors like low quality and quantity planting materials and the problem of restricted growth in plants raised from seeds hinder the interest of the farmers. Hence, clonal propagation through grafting could be an option. The scientific knowledge on application and standardization of various approaches like girdling of scionstick branches, age of mother plant, rootstocks, etc. of Kusum are extremely limited. Keeping these in view, an experiment was conducted during 2018–2021 to standardize grafting technique in Kusum. The result revealed that grafting methods affected the graft’s success significantly. Cleft grafting was found to be the most successful (72.38% graft) than veneer grafting (64.46%). Moreover, the scions collected from tree aged <15 years showed maximum success in grafting (upto 86.23%). This study revealed the importance of girdling of scionstick branches, girdling age (3 months), girdling-ring thickness (6–8 mm), and selection of two years old rootstock to maximize graft success upto 86.25% in Kusum. Furthermore, season also play an important role in successful grafting. The period from April to June was the best time for grafting with 73.31% success.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":"30 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80802457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2153928
B. Norovsuren, B. Tseveen, T. Renchin, E. Natsagdorj
Abstract Mongolian forests have low productivity and growth and are vulnerable to disturbances. Additionally, it is difficult to control and evaluate the forested areas. Therefore, satellite data and surveillance methods are needed to study mountain forests. This study aimed to determine the changes in the main forest cover classes of Khangal soum using remote sensing and geographical information system datasets. A spectral forest index (SFI) using Sentinel-2 imagery was developed for forest cover estimations and applied to the study area during 2015–2020. The SFI was based on the forest index (FI) and the concept of Dark Objects. Each SFI was compared to existing vegetation indices (ratio vegetation index, normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, and forest index) for forest data analysis. The highest correlation was with SFI2. The SFI2 data agreed with the national forest inventory (NFI) 2018 data. The SFI2 of the forest area was set at 1.2, which was confirmed with 90.4% confidence. Overall, SFI2 is suitable for land cover/land use changes and forest classification, monitoring, and management in Mongolia and could be crucial for estimating the boundary of forested areas depending on the forest cover and species in the region.
{"title":"Development of the spectral forest index in the Khangai region, Mongolia using Sentinel-2 imagery","authors":"B. Norovsuren, B. Tseveen, T. Renchin, E. Natsagdorj","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2153928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2153928","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mongolian forests have low productivity and growth and are vulnerable to disturbances. Additionally, it is difficult to control and evaluate the forested areas. Therefore, satellite data and surveillance methods are needed to study mountain forests. This study aimed to determine the changes in the main forest cover classes of Khangal soum using remote sensing and geographical information system datasets. A spectral forest index (SFI) using Sentinel-2 imagery was developed for forest cover estimations and applied to the study area during 2015–2020. The SFI was based on the forest index (FI) and the concept of Dark Objects. Each SFI was compared to existing vegetation indices (ratio vegetation index, normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, and forest index) for forest data analysis. The highest correlation was with SFI2. The SFI2 data agreed with the national forest inventory (NFI) 2018 data. The SFI2 of the forest area was set at 1.2, which was confirmed with 90.4% confidence. Overall, SFI2 is suitable for land cover/land use changes and forest classification, monitoring, and management in Mongolia and could be crucial for estimating the boundary of forested areas depending on the forest cover and species in the region.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82233062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2144954
Eui-Joo Kim, Y. Jung, Jae-Hoon Park, Eungpill Lee, C. Na, Chung-Yeoul Park, JunHyeok Kim, Sehwa Kim, Ji-Won Park, Jung-Min Lee, Yoon-Seo Kim, Kyung-Mi Cho, Hae-Ran Kim, H. Jeong, Younghan You
Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of changes in soil moisture content under climate change conditions on the growth response of Quercus dentata, a representative species of the genus Quercus on the Korean peninsula. The results showed that Q. dentata germination increased by 9.4 days under climate change conditions (RCP 4.5 scenario), whereas the below-ground biomass and plant biomass increased by 1.3 and 1.2 times, respectively. However, the soil moisture treatment condition solely affected the leaf area, below-ground biomass, and plant biomass but not the germination percentage, germination speed, above-ground length, and above-ground biomass. The variance across the measured growth variables was considerably higher in the control group than in the climate change treatment group, whereas the variance was lower for lower soil moisture content. The findings suggested that under climate change conditions, Q. dentata germinated rapidly and exhibited broader leaf area and increased development below ground, which may be advantageous for the early establishment of seedlings. However, the plants may face difficulties in conditions with low soil moisture content. In conclusion, with continuous climate changes, Q. dentata seedlings are predicted to efficiently adapt to the altered soil moisture content to exhibit even more reliable growth than with the current condition. However, the growth of Q. dentata seedlings would be more difficult with severely low soil moisture content than with abundant soil moisture content, which is predicted to be detrimental to population maintenance in the long term.
{"title":"Effect of experimental climate change and soil moisture content on germination and early growth response of Quercus dentata seedlings","authors":"Eui-Joo Kim, Y. Jung, Jae-Hoon Park, Eungpill Lee, C. Na, Chung-Yeoul Park, JunHyeok Kim, Sehwa Kim, Ji-Won Park, Jung-Min Lee, Yoon-Seo Kim, Kyung-Mi Cho, Hae-Ran Kim, H. Jeong, Younghan You","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2144954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2144954","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of changes in soil moisture content under climate change conditions on the growth response of Quercus dentata, a representative species of the genus Quercus on the Korean peninsula. The results showed that Q. dentata germination increased by 9.4 days under climate change conditions (RCP 4.5 scenario), whereas the below-ground biomass and plant biomass increased by 1.3 and 1.2 times, respectively. However, the soil moisture treatment condition solely affected the leaf area, below-ground biomass, and plant biomass but not the germination percentage, germination speed, above-ground length, and above-ground biomass. The variance across the measured growth variables was considerably higher in the control group than in the climate change treatment group, whereas the variance was lower for lower soil moisture content. The findings suggested that under climate change conditions, Q. dentata germinated rapidly and exhibited broader leaf area and increased development below ground, which may be advantageous for the early establishment of seedlings. However, the plants may face difficulties in conditions with low soil moisture content. In conclusion, with continuous climate changes, Q. dentata seedlings are predicted to efficiently adapt to the altered soil moisture content to exhibit even more reliable growth than with the current condition. However, the growth of Q. dentata seedlings would be more difficult with severely low soil moisture content than with abundant soil moisture content, which is predicted to be detrimental to population maintenance in the long term.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"213 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90719360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2128900
P. Ryabukhin, O. Kunickaya, A. Burgonutdinov, V. Makuev, T. Sivtseva, N. Zadrauskaite, E. Hertz, O. Markov
Abstract Forest plantations provide a wide range of products. Therefore, it is vital to ensure the sustainable growth and adequate management of forest resources. This study aims to examine the current challenges facing the forest industry, such as the depletion of forest resources, the increasing cost of wood processing products, and intensifying competition in the timber market (caused by the tropical wood supply). These challenges force the world’s leading forest countries to intensify forest cultivation, to consult forest industries in the Far East and to optimize the sustainable use of forest resources. It was found that current distribution of cutting practices threatens the forest ecosystem. The study suggests a scheme where 10–30% of forest area is clear-cut, 70–90% is selectively logged, and 20–35% is exposed to gradual felling. Factors, such as harvesting time, exhaust emissions, the loss of young trees, topsoil degradation, load on the soil surface, and the slope angle are essential for building mathematical models of forest sustainability. The intensity of wood transportation is also a critical factor influencing the above indicators. The study proposes a model for reorganizing regional wood harvesting companies to improve their profitability. The theoretical model is adapted to the Far Eastern context, but is suitable for use in other parts of the world.
{"title":"Improving the efficiency of forest companies by optimizing the key indicators of sustainable forest management: a case study of the Far East","authors":"P. Ryabukhin, O. Kunickaya, A. Burgonutdinov, V. Makuev, T. Sivtseva, N. Zadrauskaite, E. Hertz, O. Markov","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2128900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2128900","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forest plantations provide a wide range of products. Therefore, it is vital to ensure the sustainable growth and adequate management of forest resources. This study aims to examine the current challenges facing the forest industry, such as the depletion of forest resources, the increasing cost of wood processing products, and intensifying competition in the timber market (caused by the tropical wood supply). These challenges force the world’s leading forest countries to intensify forest cultivation, to consult forest industries in the Far East and to optimize the sustainable use of forest resources. It was found that current distribution of cutting practices threatens the forest ecosystem. The study suggests a scheme where 10–30% of forest area is clear-cut, 70–90% is selectively logged, and 20–35% is exposed to gradual felling. Factors, such as harvesting time, exhaust emissions, the loss of young trees, topsoil degradation, load on the soil surface, and the slope angle are essential for building mathematical models of forest sustainability. The intensity of wood transportation is also a critical factor influencing the above indicators. The study proposes a model for reorganizing regional wood harvesting companies to improve their profitability. The theoretical model is adapted to the Far Eastern context, but is suitable for use in other parts of the world.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"110 1","pages":"190 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87728000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2133017
R. Kohsaka, Y. Uchiyama
Abstract To facilitate forest management as part of climate change mitigation and adaptation, the Forest Environment Transfer Tax (FETT) was introduced in Japan in 2019, representing a form of payment for ecosystem services. In this study, we focused on the introduction of the tax and the status of its use based on an analysis covering Japan’s 47 prefectures. This involved reviewing policy processes related to FETT and conducting a survey among relevant prefectural officers to identify how FETT is being used, with a focus on plans, policies, and systems related to forest data development and exchanges. The proportions of both total and FETT budgets used for forest data development were significant. Several prefectures are improving forest-related data in a two-way manner by coordinating with municipalities. Correlation analysis revealed that prefectures with greater proportions of privately owned forests allocated more budget to forest data development, which is in line with the FETT’s intended purpose. This result suggests that the absolute size of such forestlands is less important, but that the proportion of privately owned forests carries political and social weight that could be a critical factor in budget allocation.
{"title":"Use of the Forest Environment Transfer Tax for forest data development and exchange: evidence from all 47 prefectures in Japan","authors":"R. Kohsaka, Y. Uchiyama","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2133017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2133017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To facilitate forest management as part of climate change mitigation and adaptation, the Forest Environment Transfer Tax (FETT) was introduced in Japan in 2019, representing a form of payment for ecosystem services. In this study, we focused on the introduction of the tax and the status of its use based on an analysis covering Japan’s 47 prefectures. This involved reviewing policy processes related to FETT and conducting a survey among relevant prefectural officers to identify how FETT is being used, with a focus on plans, policies, and systems related to forest data development and exchanges. The proportions of both total and FETT budgets used for forest data development were significant. Several prefectures are improving forest-related data in a two-way manner by coordinating with municipalities. Correlation analysis revealed that prefectures with greater proportions of privately owned forests allocated more budget to forest data development, which is in line with the FETT’s intended purpose. This result suggests that the absolute size of such forestlands is less important, but that the proportion of privately owned forests carries political and social weight that could be a critical factor in budget allocation.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"201 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89555237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2124318
F. H. Fernandez-Zarate, A. E. Huaccha-Castillo, L. Quiñones-Huatangari, Segundo Primitivo Vaca-Marquina, Tito Sanchez-Santillán, Eli Morales-Rojas, Alejandro Seminario-Cunya, Marly Guelac-Santillan, Luci Magali Barturén-Vega, David Coronel-Bustamante
Abstract Cinchona officinalis, known locally as cascarilla or cinchona, is a plant species native to South America. It was used as a source of quinine to combat malaria in the 17th century. The species is threatened by various anthropogenic activities. Further, the propagation of the species depends on seed dispersal and its germination capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve and propagate this species. Because C. officinalis seeds have a low germination capacity, we determined the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on their germination and growth. A randomized design was employed with two treatments, one treated with mycorrhizae (CM) and another without mycorrhizae (SM). For each treatment, three replicates of 100 seeds were used. Germination, growth, and fungal characteristics were evaluated. In germination parameters, the CM treatment showed better performance, but the improvement was statistically insignificant. However, the application of AM significantly improved seedling height (cm), root length (cm), leaf area (cm2), and root number by 53.52, 28.72, 29.73, and 61.66%, respectively. Likewise, mycorrhization intensity (%), mycorrhization frequency (%), and extraradical mycelium length (cm) in the CM treatment were 37.13, 3.44, and 174.97% higher compared to the SM treatment, respectively. Therefore, the use of AM fungi proves to be advantageous in the propagation of C. officinalis, and these results provide a basis for the largescale and sustainable propagation of this species.
{"title":"Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on germination and initial growth of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae)","authors":"F. H. Fernandez-Zarate, A. E. Huaccha-Castillo, L. Quiñones-Huatangari, Segundo Primitivo Vaca-Marquina, Tito Sanchez-Santillán, Eli Morales-Rojas, Alejandro Seminario-Cunya, Marly Guelac-Santillan, Luci Magali Barturén-Vega, David Coronel-Bustamante","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2124318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2124318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cinchona officinalis, known locally as cascarilla or cinchona, is a plant species native to South America. It was used as a source of quinine to combat malaria in the 17th century. The species is threatened by various anthropogenic activities. Further, the propagation of the species depends on seed dispersal and its germination capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve and propagate this species. Because C. officinalis seeds have a low germination capacity, we determined the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on their germination and growth. A randomized design was employed with two treatments, one treated with mycorrhizae (CM) and another without mycorrhizae (SM). For each treatment, three replicates of 100 seeds were used. Germination, growth, and fungal characteristics were evaluated. In germination parameters, the CM treatment showed better performance, but the improvement was statistically insignificant. However, the application of AM significantly improved seedling height (cm), root length (cm), leaf area (cm2), and root number by 53.52, 28.72, 29.73, and 61.66%, respectively. Likewise, mycorrhization intensity (%), mycorrhization frequency (%), and extraradical mycelium length (cm) in the CM treatment were 37.13, 3.44, and 174.97% higher compared to the SM treatment, respectively. Therefore, the use of AM fungi proves to be advantageous in the propagation of C. officinalis, and these results provide a basis for the largescale and sustainable propagation of this species.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"182 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89546345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2022.2120544
Dong-Hak Kim, S. Son, J. Jung, Jea-Cheon Lee, P. Kim
Abstract This study characterizes the growth conditions of Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. (Korean lady’s slipper), a rare and endangered plant, across three different sites in its natural habitat. The three natural habitats of C. japonicum had different canopy densities that influenced the relative light intensity and quality (R/FR ratio) on the forest floor, the values of which, decreased with the increase in canopy density. The leaf mass per area of C. japonicum increased with an increase in canopy openness, and the difference in growth due to increased light availability was further confirmed by the chlorophyll content. Higher values of the average daily photosynthetic activity, transpiration rate, and stomatal aperture were recorded in C. japonicum growing in natural habitats that received a higher frequency of sunflecks. The activities of the photosystem and carbon fixation of the plants growing in the three habitats were compared through the light-response and A–Ci curves, and it was found that their photosynthetic capacity decreased in a low light environment. The growth and physiological characteristics of C. japonicum growing in different habitats were dependent on the light conditions in the stand, and therefore, increasing the light availability by control of canopy density may improve the propagation of C. japonicum. We believe that the findings of our study will facilitate the prediction of population dynamics and the long-term conservation and restoration of C. japonicum.
{"title":"Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of Cypripedium japonicum in its natural habitat","authors":"Dong-Hak Kim, S. Son, J. Jung, Jea-Cheon Lee, P. Kim","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2120544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2120544","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study characterizes the growth conditions of Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. (Korean lady’s slipper), a rare and endangered plant, across three different sites in its natural habitat. The three natural habitats of C. japonicum had different canopy densities that influenced the relative light intensity and quality (R/FR ratio) on the forest floor, the values of which, decreased with the increase in canopy density. The leaf mass per area of C. japonicum increased with an increase in canopy openness, and the difference in growth due to increased light availability was further confirmed by the chlorophyll content. Higher values of the average daily photosynthetic activity, transpiration rate, and stomatal aperture were recorded in C. japonicum growing in natural habitats that received a higher frequency of sunflecks. The activities of the photosystem and carbon fixation of the plants growing in the three habitats were compared through the light-response and A–Ci curves, and it was found that their photosynthetic capacity decreased in a low light environment. The growth and physiological characteristics of C. japonicum growing in different habitats were dependent on the light conditions in the stand, and therefore, increasing the light availability by control of canopy density may improve the propagation of C. japonicum. We believe that the findings of our study will facilitate the prediction of population dynamics and the long-term conservation and restoration of C. japonicum.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":"95 1","pages":"160 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86488715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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