Radiology Research and Practice最新文献

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common adverse effect of imaging using intravenous contrast media. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the incidence of CIN following contrast media administration and determine the significant risk factor. Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Firoozgar Hospital in Tehran during 2019 to 2020. A total of 160 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT-scan) with IV contrast in the mentioned time period were enrolled in the study. The main dependent variable was serum creatinine level after exposure to contrast which was measured in the following 48-96 h after imaging. Independent variables such as patients' demographics (age and sex), patients' comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, liver failure, and anemia), periprocedural details (hydration procedure, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, serum creatinine level, and glomerular filtration rate prior to exposure to contrast), and patients' drug history were collected by reviewing their medical reports. Results: A total of 14 patients (8.8%) developed CIN, forming the CIN-positive group. The remaining patients, who did not develop CIN, were categorized as the CIN-negative group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age or gender. Conclusion: 8.8% of patients developed CIN following contrast administration. Among risk factors, the only effectual risk factor was the initial serum creatinine level.

Computed tomography is invaluable for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The common challenge is using an optimized CT technique to produce qualified images while giving patients the least amount of radiation possible. The objective of the study was to determine the national DRL values for adult patients undergoing chest computed tomography examination in Ethiopia. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in twenty three (23) different CT scan facilities on 801 patients who underwent chest computed tomography examinations in Ethiopia, in which participants were recruited by systematic random sampling. Data processing in this study was carried out with a quantitative analysis technique, namely descriptive statistics. The study variables were CTDI volume and dose length product (DLP) for the radiation doses for chest CT examinations. The age range for all adult patients was above 15 years old. Their body weights were in the range of 40-80 kg. The third quartile of the distributions of the median values of these variables was used to establish chest national diagnostic reference levels. The national DRL was compared with DRLs of other countries. Microsoft Excel form and SPSS software version 26 were used to collect and analyze survey data. A total of 801 patients were examined with an average age of 48.96 years. The patients were examined with their radiological department protocol using multislice CT (MSCT) from different manufacturers. For adult chest computed tomography examinations, the calculated dose length product and computed tomography dose index third quartile values that were used as national diagnostic reference levels were 512.9 mGy cm and 10.165 mGy, respectively.Even though the computed tomography dose index volume of the current study is less than that of all African and non-African countries selected for comparison, the proposed national DLP of the current study values were intermediate and substantially higher than those reported in similar studies from African and non-African countries, respectively. It is plausible to believe that the number of sequences, scan parameters, and automatic exposure control all contribute to better optimization and increased scanner dose efficiency for non-African countries, which is the cause of this discrepancy.

Background: Early treatment of pulmonary embolism is associated with better outcomes, yet incidental PE (IPE) is frequently missed. This retrospective study aims to provide an independent assessment an artificial intelligence (AI) software, developed for flagging IPEs on CT scans. Methods: The study included consecutive CT examinations of 5042 unique patients (8 scanners and 3 protocols) acquired at a large NHS Trust between 01 January 2022 and 30 September 2022. Two radiologists blindly and independently reviewed the AI "positive" and a random selection of "negative" cases to establish the reference standard (n = 200). Discrepancies were adjudicated by a third radiologist. The clinical reports of the 200 cases were reviewed for comparison. Performance metrics for the software were calculated for the full (n = 5042) and reviewed (n = 200) cohorts separately. Results: Based on the reference standard, the IPE prevalence was 1.6% (81/5041). Across the reviewed cohort, the algorithm detected PE with a sensitivity of 96.4%, a specificity of 89.7%, a PPV of 87.1%, an NPV of 97.2%, and an accuracy of 92.5%. Across the full cohort, the algorithm exhibited a sensitivity of 96.4%, a specificity of 99.8%, a PPV of 87.1%, an NPV of 99.9%, and an accuracy of 99.7%. A review of the original clinical reports indicated that 11 cases of IPE were initially unreported. A total of 34 examinations were rejected by the software. While the scanner performed consistently across patient sexes and ethnicities, discrepancies were found among CT scanners. Conclusions: The AI software detected IPE with a high diagnostic accuracy on a large NHS dataset, showing that AI-supported reporting could improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce times to diagnosis.

Objective: This study evaluated the sensitivity and accuracy of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) in predicting the relationship between the chorda tympani and the long crus of the incus in patients with otosclerosis or middle ear anomalies. Methods: Thirteen patients with otosclerosis or middle ear anomalies were enrolled in this study (three males and ten females; mean age, 41.6 years; range, 7-67 years). The patients underwent U-HRCT (Aquilion Precision; Canon Medical Systems, Japan). Multiplanar reconstruction images were obtained, and the distance between the chorda tympani and the long crus of the incus was measured in a plane parallel to the superstructure of the stapes. In addition, the distance between the two structures was measured during surgery. Subsequently, distances of every 0.5 mm obtained using the two modalities were grouped and compared. Results: The U-HRCT-based evaluation revealed that the mean distance from the chorda tympani to the long crus of the incus was 0.7 mm, whereas the mean actual distance during the surgery was 0.9 mm. In nine of the 13 patients, the U-HRCT-based and actual distances belonged to the same group. In four patients, the U-HRCT measurements were smaller than the actual distances. The chorda tympani was attached to the long crus of the incus in three cases, and U-HRCT precisely predicted this finding in all three cases. Conclusion: U-HRCT is useful for detecting the relationship between the chorda tympani and the long crus of the incus in patients with otosclerosis or middle ear anomalies.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was performed on two groups of adults (nondiabetes and type 2 diabetes) of various ages, sexes, and body mass index (BMI). CIMT for each side was measured at three segments using high-resolution ultrasound, and the mean of both sides was determined. Comparison was made between each group, and the association of CIMT with each of age, sex, BMI, serum vitamin D status, smoking, and physical activity status was studied. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical data, and binary logistic regression was utilized to ascertain the relationship between CIMT and the study variables.

Results: A significant difference was observed between the CIMT of the diabetes and nondiabetes group, average CIMT was 0.82 ± 0.23 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.24 mm for the nondiabetes and diabetes group, respectively, with P value <0.005. No significant correlation was observed between serum vitamin D level and CIMT neither in the study group as a whole nor in either subgroup; however, a significant association was observed between CIMT with each of age, sex, BMI, smoking, and physical activity status.

Conclusion: Ultrasound is a sensitive tool for CIMT evaluation. Diabetes has a 5.4-fold higher risk of having high CIMT. Serum vitamin D level showed no significant influence on CIMT. Smoking, BMI, and physical activity are among the modifiable risk factors with significant influence on CIMT.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the atheromatous plaques' prevalence in orthopantomography and their relationship with periodontal disease and missing teeth. Material and Methods. Orthopantomographs of 1,254 patients over 18 years of age from Clínica Arlanza in Lerma, Burgos, were examined between 2017 and 2021. A Planmeca ProOne® orthopantomograph (68 kV, 7 mA, and 10 sg) was used. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics® version 25. The results of the categorical variables were described as frequencies (%). Contingency tables were made with the qualitative variables, and the chi-square test was applied to study the relationship among them. The measure of statistical power used was the relative risk (RR), which was described with its respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Student's t-test was applied to study the relationship between the qualitative variable "presence or absence of atheroma plaque" and the quantitative variable "number of teeth."

Results: A 6.2% prevalence of atheroma plaques was obtained from 1,079 selected X-rays. The risk in patients with periodontal disease increased as periodontal disease worsened. The risk in patients with periodontal disease increased as periodontal disease worsened as follows: healthy patients vs. periodontal patients with less than 30% bone loss in radiography: RR 0.434, 95% CI 0.181-1.041, p = 0.053 healthy patients vs. patients with between 30%-60% bone loss: RR 0.177, 95% CI 0.075-0.418, p < 0.05 healthy patients vs. patients with more than 60% bone loss: RR 0.121, 95% CI 0.041-0.355, p < 0.05. Patients with calcifications on their orthopantomograms had a lower mean teeth number (20.9 teeth) compared to patients without calcifications (24 teeth), which was statistically significant, t (1077) = -3.125, p < 0.05.

Conclusions: Orthopantomography can be considered a screening method to detect patients at increased cardiovascular risk who are referred for individualized study. It is important to continue research to know the real significance of these findings. Dentists should be aware of the importance of our work in our patients' systemic health.

Background: Studies done globally had shown that chest imaging patterns of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection varied depending on the strains of the virus and the waves of the pandemic. There is no published literature done in Ethiopia to examine whether there is any difference in chest computed tomography (CT) findings of COVID-19 patients during the first and fourth waves. Thus, this study tries to fill the gap of knowledge in that regard.

Objective: To describe and compare chest CT scan imaging pattern and assess the predictors of chest CT severity of the first and fourth wave of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 polymerase chain reaction test confirmed COVID-19 patients who underwent chest CT scan imaging in two diagnostic centers in Addis Ababa city. Pioneer and Wudassie diagnostic centers were selected due to the high case load and availability of well-experienced cardiothoracic radiologists. Data were collected from July 1 to August 3, 2022, using a structured Google form sheet questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was performed, and statistical significance was assessed at a level of significance α = 0.05.

Results: Comparatively higher proportion of patients from the first wave had positive chest CT finding than fourth wave (99% vs. 69%). Bilateral lung involvement and lower lobe predilection were seen for both waves of COVID-19. Ground glass opacity and consolidation were the most common CT features for both waves. Delayed chest CT features such as traction bronchiectasis were primarily seen among first-wave patients. Mean global CT severity score was higher for the first-wave patients (13.18 vs. 8.31), and the mean difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Duration of symptoms was a statistically significant predictor of CT severity during the first wave of COVID-19, and patients that presented later than 14 days had 4.12 times higher odds of being in the severe CT score category than those that presented less than 7 days (AOR = 4.12, p = 0.011). There was no statistically significant predictor of CT severity for the fourth wave in this study.

Conclusion: Chest CT positivity was comparatively higher for first wave patients. Common features included bilateral involvement, lower lobe involvement, ground glass opacity, and consolidation. Mean chest CT severity was comparatively higher for the first wave than the fourth wave, and the duration of symptoms was a statistically significant predictor of the CT severity for first wave.

Purpose: Body composition analysis in colorectal cancer (CRC) typically utilises a single 2D-abdominal axial CT slice taken at the mid-L3 level. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) allows for analysis of the entire L3 vertebra (non-mid-L3 and mid-L3). The goal of this study was to determine if the use of an AI approach offered any additional information on capturing body composition measures.

Methods: A total of 2203 axial CT slices of the entire L3 level (4-46 slices were available per patient) were retrospectively collected from 203 CRC patients treated at Western Health, Melbourne (97 males; 47.8%). A pretrained artificial intelligence (AI) model was used to segment muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) on these slices. The difference in body composition measures between mid-L3 and non-mid-L3 scans was compared for each patient, and for males and females separately.

Results: Body composition measures derived from non-mid-L3 scans exhibited a median range of 0.85% to 6.28% (average percent difference) when compared to the use of a single mid-L3 scan. Significant variation in the VAT surface area (p = 0.02) was observed in females compared to males, whereas male patients exhibited a greater variation in SAT surface area (p < 0.001) and radiodensity (p = 0.007).

Conclusion: Significant differences in various body composition measures were observed when comparing non-mid-L3 slices to only the mid-L3 slice. Researchers should be aware that considering only the use of a single midpoint L3 CT scan slice will impact the estimate of body composition measurements.

Background: Internal derangement (ID) is the most common cause of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and extensively affects the articular disc function. The anterior disc displacement is among the most important findings in ID. Knowledge about the etiology of this condition is imperative, and the role of structural parameters in the development of TMDs has not been well evaluated.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between condylar angulation and intercondylar angle with anterior disc displacement in patients with TMD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and methods: This case-control study evaluated 31 temporomandibular joints with internal derangement and 57 normal joints. The data retrieved from MRI included disc position in the open mouth (normal, anterior disc displacement with a reduction (DDWR) and without reduction (DDWOR), and posterior displacement (PD)), horizontal condylar angle categorized as normal (10 to 30° angle) and abnormal (<10° and >30°), and intercondylar angle. Chi-square test, T-test, and Fisher's exact were done to assess the relationship between horizontal condylar angle and intercondylar angle in patients with TMDs with DDWR and DDWOR compared with the control group.

Results: Patients with DDWR and DDWOR had higher odds of abnormal horizontal condylar angle, particularly >30° angle, which was a significant correlation (odds ratio of 0.19 and 8.3, respectively). The intercondylar angle in the patients with disc displacement was significantly smaller compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Disc displacement was correlated with abnormal horizontal angle (particularly < 30) and smaller intercondylar angle compared with the control group.