Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1880538
Martuwarra RiverOfLife, K. Taylor, Anne Poelina
ABSTRACT The ‘Living Waters, Law First’ water governance framework centres Living Waters, First Law and the health/well-being of people and Country. The framework is based on a groundwater policy position developed by the Walalakoo Aboriginal Corporation (WAC), the Nyikina and Mangala peoples’ native title corporation, in the West Kimberley, Western Australia in 2018. This article celebrates Traditional Owner’s pragmatic decolonising strategies. It explores the emerging conceptual challenges to the status quo by comparing the Living Waters, First Law framework to Australia’s settler state water governance framework, represented by the National Water Initiative. Bacchi’s ‘what is the problem represented to be’ approach is used to interrogate the underlying assumptions and logics (2009). We find that there are incommensurable differences with First Law and the Australian water reform agenda. Yet, our analysis also suggests ‘bridges’ in relation to sustainability, benefits and responsibilities could promote dialogues towards decolonial water futures.
{"title":"Living Waters, Law First: Nyikina and Mangala water governance in the Kimberley, Western Australia","authors":"Martuwarra RiverOfLife, K. Taylor, Anne Poelina","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2021.1880538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2021.1880538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ‘Living Waters, Law First’ water governance framework centres Living Waters, First Law and the health/well-being of people and Country. The framework is based on a groundwater policy position developed by the Walalakoo Aboriginal Corporation (WAC), the Nyikina and Mangala peoples’ native title corporation, in the West Kimberley, Western Australia in 2018. This article celebrates Traditional Owner’s pragmatic decolonising strategies. It explores the emerging conceptual challenges to the status quo by comparing the Living Waters, First Law framework to Australia’s settler state water governance framework, represented by the National Water Initiative. Bacchi’s ‘what is the problem represented to be’ approach is used to interrogate the underlying assumptions and logics (2009). We find that there are incommensurable differences with First Law and the Australian water reform agenda. Yet, our analysis also suggests ‘bridges’ in relation to sustainability, benefits and responsibilities could promote dialogues towards decolonial water futures.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"40 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2021.1880538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45403829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1935919
Bradley J. Moggridge
An appreciation of Indigenous water values and knowledge is becoming ever more important when managing water resources across the Australasian region (Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and some ne...
{"title":"Indigenous water knowledge and values in an Australasian context","authors":"Bradley J. Moggridge","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2021.1935919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2021.1935919","url":null,"abstract":"An appreciation of Indigenous water values and knowledge is becoming ever more important when managing water resources across the Australasian region (Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and some ne...","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2021.1935919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43281766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1888854
V. Caron, J. Brim Box, Veronica P. Dobson, Victor Dobson, Luke Richmond, R. Thompson, F. Dyer
ABSTRACT Water places have been critical to central Australian Indigenous peoples for thousands of years. However, many waterhole communities have been degraded by factors including invasion by large feral herbivores and non-native plants. We document the restoration of two waterholes near Santa Teresa (Ltyentye Apurte), with a focus on culturally significant plants. We described plant communities around waterholes in 2007, before fences were erected to exclude large feral animals, and again in 2018. Plant cover and diversity were higher after fencing and the occurrence of culturally significant plants greatly increased. However, invasive buffel grass was the dominant ground cover after fencing and will require active suppression to allow culturally significant native plants to proliferate. Traditional Owners identified excellent opportunities to achieve restoration through educating young people, with a focus on sharing intergenerational knowledge and engaging local Indigenous rangers in management, enabling them to meet the traditional obligations to care for country.
{"title":"Restoring cultural plant communities at sacred water sites","authors":"V. Caron, J. Brim Box, Veronica P. Dobson, Victor Dobson, Luke Richmond, R. Thompson, F. Dyer","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2021.1888854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2021.1888854","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water places have been critical to central Australian Indigenous peoples for thousands of years. However, many waterhole communities have been degraded by factors including invasion by large feral herbivores and non-native plants. We document the restoration of two waterholes near Santa Teresa (Ltyentye Apurte), with a focus on culturally significant plants. We described plant communities around waterholes in 2007, before fences were erected to exclude large feral animals, and again in 2018. Plant cover and diversity were higher after fencing and the occurrence of culturally significant plants greatly increased. However, invasive buffel grass was the dominant ground cover after fencing and will require active suppression to allow culturally significant native plants to proliferate. Traditional Owners identified excellent opportunities to achieve restoration through educating young people, with a focus on sharing intergenerational knowledge and engaging local Indigenous rangers in management, enabling them to meet the traditional obligations to care for country.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"70 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2021.1888854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42090668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94653
Muhammad Salik Javaid, Muhammad Zeshan Khalil
Before any major hydraulic engineering project is undertaken for planning, designing, construction, or revamping and rehabilitation some kind of model study is but a necessity. Depending upon the time, resources and, significance of the project, the study could be done only on the paper and computer screen using some graphical, analytical or, statistical software and tools, or it could be combined with the more expensive and time consuming physical model study also. This chapter focuses on the question as to why the physical modeling should be reintroduced into engineering practice because of the modern techniques and systems now available for construction, operation and, data analysis of these physical models.
{"title":"The Art of Physical Hydraulic Modeling and Its Impact on the Water Resources of Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Salik Javaid, Muhammad Zeshan Khalil","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.94653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94653","url":null,"abstract":"Before any major hydraulic engineering project is undertaken for planning, designing, construction, or revamping and rehabilitation some kind of model study is but a necessity. Depending upon the time, resources and, significance of the project, the study could be done only on the paper and computer screen using some graphical, analytical or, statistical software and tools, or it could be combined with the more expensive and time consuming physical model study also. This chapter focuses on the question as to why the physical modeling should be reintroduced into engineering practice because of the modern techniques and systems now available for construction, operation and, data analysis of these physical models.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80557730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-26DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91409
N. Amran, S. N. A. Mustapha
Discharging accumulated bilge water from the ship is very important in order to maintain its stability and safety. However, the bilge water that contains contaminants, including waste oils and oily wastes, must be treated prior discharging to the sea. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) has set strict oil discharge limit in order to minimize sea pollution. Thus, an efficient oil–water separator must be installed to separate the oil from the bilge water. This chapter introduces and discusses the working mechanisms, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the available oil–water separation techniques for bilge water treatment, which include gravitational, centrifugation, flotation, coagulation and flocculation, biological processes as well as absorption and adsorption.
{"title":"Oil–Water Separation Techniques for Bilge Water Treatment","authors":"N. Amran, S. N. A. Mustapha","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91409","url":null,"abstract":"Discharging accumulated bilge water from the ship is very important in order to maintain its stability and safety. However, the bilge water that contains contaminants, including waste oils and oily wastes, must be treated prior discharging to the sea. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) has set strict oil discharge limit in order to minimize sea pollution. Thus, an efficient oil–water separator must be installed to separate the oil from the bilge water. This chapter introduces and discusses the working mechanisms, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the available oil–water separation techniques for bilge water treatment, which include gravitational, centrifugation, flotation, coagulation and flocculation, biological processes as well as absorption and adsorption.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84343159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-25DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1832723
Georgia Kahan, M. Colloff, J. Pittock
ABSTRACT Worldwide, floodplains have been alienated from river channels for flood protection and water resource development, but several recent programs have restored connectivity, generating considerable ecological and , socio-economic benefits. In Australia, under the Murray-Darling Basin Plan, water purchased from irrigators is used to restore wetlands. Maximising ecological benefits with limited water requires constraints relaxation, whereby high flow volumes for ecologically effective floods are released from headwater dams and allowed to flood public and private land en route to wetlands downstream, requiring infrastructure works and rights to inundate private land. We examined five focal areas in the Basin Constraints Management Strategy to determine ecosystem services benefits generated by floods on land between dams and target wetlands We found multiple examples where significant co-benefits could be realised but had not been identified. Accordingly, the assessment of costs and benefits was primarily focussed on costs. We categorised ecosystem services for each focal area as of low, medium or high importance andassigned monetary values where possible. Regulating and cultural services, rather than provisioning services, ranked highest across all focus areas, including groundwater recharge, regulation of riparian habitat quality, aesthetic appreciation, recreation and tourism, Indigenous and community values. The business cases seek to maximise costs and thus the transfer of public funds in compensation to landholders. However, there are important public policy considerations of equity, accountability and transparency, including proof of damage prior to compensation, as well as offsetting losses against ecosystem services benefits. We consider that an ecosystem services approach could greatly improve acceptance of constraints relaxation amongst landholders and the development of novel policy options and instruments that can help advance the implementation of the Basin Plan.
{"title":"Using an ecosystem services approach to re-frame the management of flow constraints in a major regulated river basin","authors":"Georgia Kahan, M. Colloff, J. Pittock","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1832723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1832723","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Worldwide, floodplains have been alienated from river channels for flood protection and water resource development, but several recent programs have restored connectivity, generating considerable ecological and , socio-economic benefits. In Australia, under the Murray-Darling Basin Plan, water purchased from irrigators is used to restore wetlands. Maximising ecological benefits with limited water requires constraints relaxation, whereby high flow volumes for ecologically effective floods are released from headwater dams and allowed to flood public and private land en route to wetlands downstream, requiring infrastructure works and rights to inundate private land. We examined five focal areas in the Basin Constraints Management Strategy to determine ecosystem services benefits generated by floods on land between dams and target wetlands We found multiple examples where significant co-benefits could be realised but had not been identified. Accordingly, the assessment of costs and benefits was primarily focussed on costs. We categorised ecosystem services for each focal area as of low, medium or high importance andassigned monetary values where possible. Regulating and cultural services, rather than provisioning services, ranked highest across all focus areas, including groundwater recharge, regulation of riparian habitat quality, aesthetic appreciation, recreation and tourism, Indigenous and community values. The business cases seek to maximise costs and thus the transfer of public funds in compensation to landholders. However, there are important public policy considerations of equity, accountability and transparency, including proof of damage prior to compensation, as well as offsetting losses against ecosystem services benefits. We consider that an ecosystem services approach could greatly improve acceptance of constraints relaxation amongst landholders and the development of novel policy options and instruments that can help advance the implementation of the Basin Plan.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"222 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1832723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42985969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1824330
S. Kermode, G. Vietz, C. Tippler, Kathryn L. Russell, T. Fletcher, Marlène van der Sterran, P. Birtles, Michael Dean
ABSTRACT As urban populations expand globally, the associated increase in urban land cover directly impacts the social and environmental amenity of natural assets, including waterways. The primary driver of urban waterway degradation changes in land uses which results in altered hydrology – from stormwater runoff, and where present, wastewater treatment plant discharge. Whilst the impacts of pollutants are relatively well regulated via public policy, a gap remains for the management of flow regime modification. The Urban Streamflow Impact Assessment (USIA) was developed to fill this management and planning knowledge gap. The approach begins with the identification of waterway values (social, ecological and geomorphic) then explicitly links these values to streamflow characteristics using hydraulic and hydrologic metrics. USIA was applied to a case study in Western Sydney and demonstrated the loss of values associated with ‘business-as-usual’ approaches to stormwater and wastewater management. Conventional stormwater management approaches do not remove enough excess flow to meet reasonable outcomes for the waterway. This excess runoff is increasingly seen as a resource and opportunity for improving water security and liveability. USIA is consistent with regulatory frameworks and can be applied across developing and established urban catchments to provide explicit input to planning controls. The approach is appropriate at multiple scales, informing urban planning from a broad strategic level through to detailed design. By linking social and ecological values with geomorphic and flow requirements, the approach enables an understanding of which management approaches could allow desirable waterway outcomes to be met.
{"title":"Urban Streamflow Impact Assessment (USIA): a novel approach for protecting urbanising waterways and providing the justification for integrated water management","authors":"S. Kermode, G. Vietz, C. Tippler, Kathryn L. Russell, T. Fletcher, Marlène van der Sterran, P. Birtles, Michael Dean","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1824330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824330","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As urban populations expand globally, the associated increase in urban land cover directly impacts the social and environmental amenity of natural assets, including waterways. The primary driver of urban waterway degradation changes in land uses which results in altered hydrology – from stormwater runoff, and where present, wastewater treatment plant discharge. Whilst the impacts of pollutants are relatively well regulated via public policy, a gap remains for the management of flow regime modification. The Urban Streamflow Impact Assessment (USIA) was developed to fill this management and planning knowledge gap. The approach begins with the identification of waterway values (social, ecological and geomorphic) then explicitly links these values to streamflow characteristics using hydraulic and hydrologic metrics. USIA was applied to a case study in Western Sydney and demonstrated the loss of values associated with ‘business-as-usual’ approaches to stormwater and wastewater management. Conventional stormwater management approaches do not remove enough excess flow to meet reasonable outcomes for the waterway. This excess runoff is increasingly seen as a resource and opportunity for improving water security and liveability. USIA is consistent with regulatory frameworks and can be applied across developing and established urban catchments to provide explicit input to planning controls. The approach is appropriate at multiple scales, informing urban planning from a broad strategic level through to detailed design. By linking social and ecological values with geomorphic and flow requirements, the approach enables an understanding of which management approaches could allow desirable waterway outcomes to be met.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"211 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45022792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1795339
Siobhan Davies, Jason Wilson, M. Ridges
ABSTRACT Cultural flows are water allocations to Aboriginal groups to maintain cultural values. Economic frameworks treat cultural values as sites or places where ‘cultural activities’ take place. A cultural flow is then a discretionary allocation of water to ‘water’ those sites, in the same way that water is delivered to irrigators to water their crops. This water allocation framework, in which environmental, irrigation or cultural values are traded off in a zero-sum game, is grounded in economic and legal frameworks that treat spiritual, environmental, economic and social values as separate and unconnected value domains. In contrast, within Aboriginal ontology each value domain is inherently connected, and cannot be traded off against the others. Interpreting cultural beliefs as akin to a recreational activity ignores the relationship between cultural belief and Aboriginal economic and social organisation. We use a case study of the Narran Lakes area of NSW to explore the relationship between cultural beliefs and the way in which Country was managed under cultural law. Understanding this relationship is important in the economic analysis of cultural flows.
{"title":"Redefining ‘cultural values’ – the economics of cultural flows","authors":"Siobhan Davies, Jason Wilson, M. Ridges","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1795339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1795339","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cultural flows are water allocations to Aboriginal groups to maintain cultural values. Economic frameworks treat cultural values as sites or places where ‘cultural activities’ take place. A cultural flow is then a discretionary allocation of water to ‘water’ those sites, in the same way that water is delivered to irrigators to water their crops. This water allocation framework, in which environmental, irrigation or cultural values are traded off in a zero-sum game, is grounded in economic and legal frameworks that treat spiritual, environmental, economic and social values as separate and unconnected value domains. In contrast, within Aboriginal ontology each value domain is inherently connected, and cannot be traded off against the others. Interpreting cultural beliefs as akin to a recreational activity ignores the relationship between cultural belief and Aboriginal economic and social organisation. We use a case study of the Narran Lakes area of NSW to explore the relationship between cultural beliefs and the way in which Country was managed under cultural law. Understanding this relationship is important in the economic analysis of cultural flows.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"15 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1795339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49266191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-21DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1792632
Lara B. Taylor, A. Fenemor, Roku Mihinui, Te Atarangi Sayers, Tina Porou, D. Hikuroa, N. Harcourt, P. White, M. O'Connor
ABSTRACT Aotearoa New Zealand’s environmental policy and legislation recognises Māori Indigenous principles and values, and gives prominence to Te Mana o te Wai (the authority of water itself). However, current policy, legislation, and practice are inadequate for enabling Māori rights and interests in water takes and instream flows and levels, in terms of both involvement and specific allocation mechanisms supporting Māori values. We argue that a policy and implementation space needs to be created that ensures indigenous Māori engagement and outcomes in freshwater governance, planning, and management. This space should provide for an integrated, precautionary, and bicultural ‘First Principles’ approach, ensuring that Māori rights and interests consistent with Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) are enabled, including the exercise of mātauranga Māori (knowledge informed by Māori worldviews), tikanga (Māori customs and lore), and kaitiakitanga (guardianship). We outline a potential water allocation framework, Ngā Puna Aroha, that could provide direction and give confidence and certainty to the implementers of national water policy. Such an approach would need to be supported by a broader bicultural policy and we suggest an overarching philosophy Ngā Taonga Tuku Iho, which would encompass all natural ‘resource’ management, providing a korowai (cloak) for the management of each particular ‘resource’ or taonga (treasure) including freshwater. This type of bicultural proposal could inform freshwater and wider natural ‘resource’ management policymaking, regulatory frameworks, and implementation nationally and internationally.
新西兰的环境政策和立法承认Māori土著原则和价值观，并突出了Te Mana o Te Wai(水本身的权威)。然而，就参与和支持Māori价值的具体分配机制而言，目前的政策、立法和实践不足以使Māori在取水和溪流流量和水位方面的权利和利益得以实现。我们认为，需要创造一个政策和实施空间，以确保土著Māori在淡水治理、规划和管理方面的参与和成果。这个空间应该提供一种综合的、预防性的、双文化的“第一原则”方法，确保Māori符合《怀唐伊提里提》/《怀唐伊条约》(1840)的权利和利益得以实现，包括mātauranga Māori(通过Māori世界观获得的知识)、tikanga (Māori习俗和爱)和kaitiakitanga(监护)的行使。我们概述了一个潜在的水资源分配框架，即Ngā Puna Aroha，它可以为国家水资源政策的执行者提供方向、信心和确定性。这种方法需要得到更广泛的双文化政策的支持，我们提出了一种涵盖所有自然“资源”管理的总体哲学，为每一种特定“资源”或包括淡水在内的Taonga(宝藏)的管理提供一种korowai(斗篷)。这种类型的双文化建议可以为淡水和更广泛的自然“资源”管理决策、监管框架以及国家和国际实施提供信息。
{"title":"Ngā Puna Aroha: towards an indigenous-centred freshwater allocation framework for Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Lara B. Taylor, A. Fenemor, Roku Mihinui, Te Atarangi Sayers, Tina Porou, D. Hikuroa, N. Harcourt, P. White, M. O'Connor","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1792632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1792632","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aotearoa New Zealand’s environmental policy and legislation recognises Māori Indigenous principles and values, and gives prominence to Te Mana o te Wai (the authority of water itself). However, current policy, legislation, and practice are inadequate for enabling Māori rights and interests in water takes and instream flows and levels, in terms of both involvement and specific allocation mechanisms supporting Māori values. We argue that a policy and implementation space needs to be created that ensures indigenous Māori engagement and outcomes in freshwater governance, planning, and management. This space should provide for an integrated, precautionary, and bicultural ‘First Principles’ approach, ensuring that Māori rights and interests consistent with Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) are enabled, including the exercise of mātauranga Māori (knowledge informed by Māori worldviews), tikanga (Māori customs and lore), and kaitiakitanga (guardianship). We outline a potential water allocation framework, Ngā Puna Aroha, that could provide direction and give confidence and certainty to the implementers of national water policy. Such an approach would need to be supported by a broader bicultural policy and we suggest an overarching philosophy Ngā Taonga Tuku Iho, which would encompass all natural ‘resource’ management, providing a korowai (cloak) for the management of each particular ‘resource’ or taonga (treasure) including freshwater. This type of bicultural proposal could inform freshwater and wider natural ‘resource’ management policymaking, regulatory frameworks, and implementation nationally and internationally.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"27 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1792632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42340483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1804042
G. Walker, Quan J. Wang, A. Horne, Rick Evans, S. Richardson
ABSTRACT A risk assessment of the reduction of streamflow in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) from potential increased groundwater extraction has been conducted. This incorporates the uncertainty of future extraction and connectivity between groundwater and surface water. The predicted impact from forty years of growth in extraction is less than 580 Gl/y, and likely to be in range of 100–400 Gl/y. Over 80% of this impact will result from extraction under limits existing before the Basin Plan, with most impact from extraction outside these limits occurring later. Groundwater units with high risk lie within a range of river valleys and hydrogeological domains, and particularly the Goulburn valley and zones of fresher groundwater discharge. Management rules in the new groundwater management plans are designed to reduce use in high impact zones. Monitoring is required to assess effectiveness of these as use increases and conjunctive water management becomes more common.
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