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Cultural value of water and western water management: an Australian Indigenous perspective 水的文化价值与西方水管理:澳大利亚土著人的视角
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1897926
Bradley J. Moggridge, R. Thompson
ABSTRACT Water is a critical issue for governments and community in an Australian context, and internationally. First Peoples of Australia, its Indigenous peoples, have over 65,000 years of connection and understanding of water, held by more than 250 distinct Indigenous Nations that occur from the wet tropics, through desert country and south to the temperate zone, river lands and alpine regions. The value of water is central to Indigenous peoples’ being and culture, but since European colonisation in 1788, water has been subject to pumping, storage, diversion, extraction and pollution and without Indigenous people’s council. Most recently, water has been attributed a market value to sell and trade on a market that moves up and down with availability (drought, flood or in-between). Indigenous peoples have very small water entitlements despite the high value they place on water and the strong connection water has to their sense of identity, spirituality and culture. There is both a need and a great opportunity for Indigenous people to uphold and protect their water values through Indigenous-grounded methodologies or Indigenous-led water research, and so as to integrate Indigenous water knowledge into science and policy.
摘要在澳大利亚和国际范围内,水是政府和社区的一个关键问题。澳大利亚原住民对水有着超过65000年的联系和了解,由250多个不同的土著民族拥有,这些土著民族分布在潮湿的热带地区、沙漠国家和南部的温带、河流地带和高山地区。水的价值是土著人民生存和文化的核心,但自1788年欧洲殖民以来,水一直受到泵送、储存、分流、提取和污染的影响,而且没有土著人民委员会。最近,人们将水的市场价值归因于在一个随着可用性(干旱、洪水或两者之间)而上下波动的市场上销售和交易。尽管土著人民对水的重视程度很高,而且水与他们的身份感、精神和文化有着密切的联系,但他们享有的水资源却很少。土著人民有必要也有很大的机会通过基于土著的方法或土著主导的水资源研究来维护和保护他们的水资源价值,并将土著的水资源知识纳入科学和政策。
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引用次数: 31
Relatedness and co-existence in water resource assessments: Indigenous water values, rights and interests in the Mitchell catchment, North Queensland 水资源评估中的相关性和共存性:北昆士兰米切尔流域的土著水价值、权利和利益
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1921331
Ilisapeci Lyons, M. Barber
ABSTRACT This paper documents Indigenous Traditional Owners’ water values, rights, and interests from the Mitchell catchment in North Queensland. It is the first analysis of the catchment that links Indigenous water values, rights and interests with specific water resource assessment and development considerations. The paper highlights how relational and reciprocal values frame Traditional Owner responsibilities and obligations through water across generations, across geography, to places, and with the non-human and spiritual entities living on their traditional lands. This ethos of relatedness shapes the way Indigenous peoples want to be engaged in water assessments and planning processes – such processes must focus first on local and regional relationships, where Indigenous actors are central to the coordination of a wider multi-interest governance process. Relatedness relies on building trust, continuous learning, and communication to encompass different values amongst people who are inter-dependent in their use of and relationship with water. Traditional Owners are seeking new platforms that bring multiple knowledges to water resource assessments and planning processes – where Indigenous ways of knowing are included with science, policy, industry, conservation, and community knowledges into an adaptive process focused on long-term sustainability.
摘要本文记录了北昆士兰米切尔流域土著传统所有者的水资源价值、权利和利益。这是对集水区的首次分析,将土著水的价值、权利和利益与具体的水资源评估和发展考虑联系起来。本文强调了关系和互惠价值观是如何通过水、跨代、跨地理、跨地方以及与生活在其传统土地上的非人类和精神实体来界定传统所有者的责任和义务的。这种关联精神塑造了土著人民希望参与水资源评估和规划过程的方式——这些过程必须首先关注地方和区域关系,在这种关系中,土著行为者是协调更广泛的多利益治理过程的核心。关系依赖于建立信任、持续学习和沟通,以涵盖在用水和与水的关系中相互依赖的人之间的不同价值观。传统所有者正在寻求新的平台,将多种知识引入水资源评估和规划过程中——在这种平台中,土著人的认识方式与科学、政策、工业、保护和社区知识相结合,形成一个注重长期可持续性的适应性过程。
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引用次数: 5
Drinking water delivery in the outer Torres Strait Islands: A case study addressing sustainable water issues in remote Indigenous communities 外托雷斯海峡群岛的饮用水输送:解决偏远土著社区可持续水问题的案例研究
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1932280
N. Hall, H. Grodecki, G. Jackson, Carroll Go Sam, Brad Milligan, Chris Blake, T. Veronese, L. Selvey
ABSTRACT Safe drinking water provision in remote Australian Indigenous communities can raise many challenges. An initiative to enhance drinking water treatment was piloted in Australia’s remote Torres Strait Islands. It was co-designed through close involvement of Torres Strait Islander local government officers and water operators. Data collection and analysis was undertaken independent researchers to assess the effectiveness of the pilot, drawing on both quantitative and qualitative sources, including field visits to the two Torres Strait Islands. The findings identified three key features for an effective programme of safe water delivery: appropriate infrastructure that is ‘fit for purpose, place and people’; mentoring and technical support for remotely located water operators, and cooperation across relevant state and local government agencies. The pilot initiative has adaptive potential for other remote communities and for other basic services, including wastewater treatment and solid waste management.
摘要澳大利亚偏远土著社区的安全饮用水供应可能会带来许多挑战。在澳大利亚偏远的托雷斯海峡群岛试行了一项加强饮用水处理的举措。它是由托雷斯海峡岛民地方政府官员和水务运营商密切参与共同设计的。独立研究人员利用定量和定性来源,包括对两个托雷斯海峡群岛的实地访问,进行了数据收集和分析,以评估试点的有效性。调查结果确定了有效的安全供水方案的三个关键特征:“适合用途、地点和人员”的适当基础设施;远程供水运营商的指导和技术支持,以及相关州和地方政府机构之间的合作。该试点举措对其他偏远社区和其他基本服务,包括废水处理和固体废物管理,具有适应性潜力。
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引用次数: 3
Living Waters, Law First: Nyikina and Mangala water governance in the Kimberley, Western Australia 活水,法律至上:西澳大利亚金伯利的尼基纳和曼加拉水治理
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1880538
Martuwarra RiverOfLife, K. Taylor, Anne Poelina
ABSTRACT The ‘Living Waters, Law First’ water governance framework centres Living Waters, First Law and the health/well-being of people and Country. The framework is based on a groundwater policy position developed by the Walalakoo Aboriginal Corporation (WAC), the Nyikina and Mangala peoples’ native title corporation, in the West Kimberley, Western Australia in 2018. This article celebrates Traditional Owner’s pragmatic decolonising strategies. It explores the emerging conceptual challenges to the status quo by comparing the Living Waters, First Law framework to Australia’s settler state water governance framework, represented by the National Water Initiative. Bacchi’s ‘what is the problem represented to be’ approach is used to interrogate the underlying assumptions and logics (2009). We find that there are incommensurable differences with First Law and the Australian water reform agenda. Yet, our analysis also suggests ‘bridges’ in relation to sustainability, benefits and responsibilities could promote dialogues towards decolonial water futures.
“活水,法律至上”的水治理框架以活水,法律至上以及人民和国家的健康/福祉为中心。该框架基于2018年西澳大利亚州西金伯利的尼基纳和曼加拉土著所有权公司Walalakoo土著公司(WAC)制定的地下水政策立场。本文颂扬了传统所有者务实的非殖民化策略。通过比较“活水第一法”框架和以“国家水倡议”为代表的澳大利亚定居者国家水治理框架,探讨了对现状的新概念挑战。Bacchi的“代表的问题是什么”方法被用来询问潜在的假设和逻辑(2009)。我们发现与第一定律和澳大利亚水改革议程存在不可比拟的差异。然而,我们的分析还表明,与可持续性、利益和责任相关的“桥梁”可以促进面向非殖民化水未来的对话。
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引用次数: 17
Indigenous water knowledge and values in an Australasian context 澳大利亚背景下的土著水知识和价值
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1935919
Bradley J. Moggridge
An appreciation of Indigenous water values and knowledge is becoming ever more important when managing water resources across the Australasian region (Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and some ne...
在管理整个澳大拉西亚地区(澳大利亚、新西兰、新几内亚和一些国家)的水资源时,对土著水资源价值和知识的认识变得越来越重要。。。
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引用次数: 4
Restoring cultural plant communities at sacred water sites 恢复圣水遗址的文化植物群落
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2021.1888854
V. Caron, J. Brim Box, Veronica P. Dobson, Victor Dobson, Luke Richmond, R. Thompson, F. Dyer
ABSTRACT Water places have been critical to central Australian Indigenous peoples for thousands of years. However, many waterhole communities have been degraded by factors including invasion by large feral herbivores and non-native plants. We document the restoration of two waterholes near Santa Teresa (Ltyentye Apurte), with a focus on culturally significant plants. We described plant communities around waterholes in 2007, before fences were erected to exclude large feral animals, and again in 2018. Plant cover and diversity were higher after fencing and the occurrence of culturally significant plants greatly increased. However, invasive buffel grass was the dominant ground cover after fencing and will require active suppression to allow culturally significant native plants to proliferate. Traditional Owners identified excellent opportunities to achieve restoration through educating young people, with a focus on sharing intergenerational knowledge and engaging local Indigenous rangers in management, enabling them to meet the traditional obligations to care for country.
摘要数千年来,水源地对澳大利亚中部土著人民至关重要。然而,许多水坑群落由于大型野生食草动物和非本土植物的入侵等因素而退化。我们记录了Santa Teresa(Ltyentye Apurte)附近两个水坑的修复情况,重点关注具有文化意义的植物。我们在2007年描述了水坑周围的植物群落,当时还没有竖起围栏来排斥大型野生动物,2018年又一次。围栏后的植物覆盖率和多样性更高,具有文化意义的植物的出现大大增加。然而,入侵水牛草是围栏后的主要地面覆盖物,需要积极抑制才能使具有文化意义的本地植物繁殖。传统所有者发现了通过教育年轻人实现恢复的绝佳机会,重点是分享代际知识和让当地土著护林员参与管理,使他们能够履行照顾国家的传统义务。
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引用次数: 2
The Art of Physical Hydraulic Modeling and Its Impact on the Water Resources of Pakistan 物理水力建模的艺术及其对巴基斯坦水资源的影响
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-11-13 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94653
Muhammad Salik Javaid, Muhammad Zeshan Khalil
Before any major hydraulic engineering project is undertaken for planning, designing, construction, or revamping and rehabilitation some kind of model study is but a necessity. Depending upon the time, resources and, significance of the project, the study could be done only on the paper and computer screen using some graphical, analytical or, statistical software and tools, or it could be combined with the more expensive and time consuming physical model study also. This chapter focuses on the question as to why the physical modeling should be reintroduced into engineering practice because of the modern techniques and systems now available for construction, operation and, data analysis of these physical models.
在进行任何重大水利工程项目的规划、设计、施工或改造和修复之前,进行某种模型研究是必要的。根据时间、资源和项目的重要性,研究可以只在纸上和计算机屏幕上使用一些图形、分析或统计软件和工具,或者它也可以与更昂贵和耗时的物理模型研究相结合。本章关注的问题是,为什么物理模型应该重新引入工程实践,因为现代技术和系统现在可以用于这些物理模型的构建、操作和数据分析。
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引用次数: 0
Oil–Water Separation Techniques for Bilge Water Treatment 舱底水处理油水分离技术
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-10-26 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91409
N. Amran, S. N. A. Mustapha
Discharging accumulated bilge water from the ship is very important in order to maintain its stability and safety. However, the bilge water that contains contaminants, including waste oils and oily wastes, must be treated prior discharging to the sea. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) has set strict oil discharge limit in order to minimize sea pollution. Thus, an efficient oil–water separator must be installed to separate the oil from the bilge water. This chapter introduces and discusses the working mechanisms, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the available oil–water separation techniques for bilge water treatment, which include gravitational, centrifugation, flotation, coagulation and flocculation, biological processes as well as absorption and adsorption.
船舶累积舱底水的排放对船舶的稳定和安全至关重要。但是,含有污染物的舱底水,包括废油和含油废物,必须在排放到海洋之前进行处理。《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》(MARPOL)规定了严格的油排放限制,以尽量减少海洋污染。因此,必须安装高效的油水分离器,将油与舱底水分离。本章介绍并讨论了目前用于舱底水处理的油水分离技术的工作机理和优缺点,包括重力法、离心法、浮选法、混凝絮凝法、生物法和吸附法。
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引用次数: 7
Using an ecosystem services approach to re-frame the management of flow constraints in a major regulated river basin 使用生态系统服务方法重新制定主要调节流域流量限制的管理框架
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1832723
Georgia Kahan, M. Colloff, J. Pittock
ABSTRACT Worldwide, floodplains have been alienated from river channels for flood protection and water resource development, but several recent programs have restored connectivity, generating considerable ecological and , socio-economic benefits. In Australia, under the Murray-Darling Basin Plan, water purchased from irrigators is used to restore wetlands. Maximising ecological benefits with limited water requires constraints relaxation, whereby high flow volumes for ecologically effective floods are released from headwater dams and allowed to flood public and private land en route to wetlands downstream, requiring infrastructure works and rights to inundate private land. We examined five focal areas in the Basin Constraints Management Strategy to determine ecosystem services benefits generated by floods on land between dams and target wetlands We found multiple examples where significant co-benefits could be realised but had not been identified. Accordingly, the assessment of costs and benefits was primarily focussed on costs. We categorised ecosystem services for each focal area as of low, medium or high importance andassigned monetary values where possible. Regulating and cultural services, rather than provisioning services, ranked highest across all focus areas, including groundwater recharge, regulation of riparian habitat quality, aesthetic appreciation, recreation and tourism, Indigenous and community values. The business cases seek to maximise costs and thus the transfer of public funds in compensation to landholders. However, there are important public policy considerations of equity, accountability and transparency, including proof of damage prior to compensation, as well as offsetting losses against ecosystem services benefits. We consider that an ecosystem services approach could greatly improve acceptance of constraints relaxation amongst landholders and the development of novel policy options and instruments that can help advance the implementation of the Basin Plan.
在世界范围内,洪泛平原因防洪和水资源开发而与河道疏离,但最近的几个项目已经恢复了连通性,产生了可观的生态和社会经济效益。在澳大利亚,根据墨累-达令盆地计划,从灌溉商那里购买的水被用来恢复湿地。要在有限的水资源下实现生态效益最大化,就必须放宽限制,即从源头水坝释放具有生态效益的大流量洪水,允许洪水在流向下游湿地的途中淹没公共和私人土地,这需要基础设施工程和淹没私人土地的权利。我们研究了流域约束管理战略中的五个重点领域,以确定大坝和目标湿地之间的土地上的洪水产生的生态系统服务效益。我们发现了多个可以实现重大共同效益但尚未确定的例子。因此,成本和效益的评估主要集中在成本上。我们将每个重点区域的生态系统服务划分为低、中、高重要性,并在可能的情况下分配货币价值。管理和文化服务,而不是提供服务,在所有重点领域中排名最高,包括地下水补给、河岸栖息地质量调节、审美欣赏、娱乐和旅游、土著和社区价值。商业案例寻求将成本最大化,从而将公共资金作为补偿转移给土地所有者。然而,公平、问责制和透明度是重要的公共政策考虑因素,包括在赔偿之前证明损害,以及抵消生态系统服务效益带来的损失。我们认为,生态系统服务方法可以大大提高土地所有者对放宽限制的接受程度,并制定有助于推进流域计划实施的新政策选择和工具。
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引用次数: 10
Urban Streamflow Impact Assessment (USIA): a novel approach for protecting urbanising waterways and providing the justification for integrated water management 城市河流影响评估(USIA):一种保护城市化水道和为综合水管理提供理由的新方法
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-10-23 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1824330
S. Kermode, G. Vietz, C. Tippler, Kathryn L. Russell, T. Fletcher, Marlène van der Sterran, P. Birtles, Michael Dean
ABSTRACT As urban populations expand globally, the associated increase in urban land cover directly impacts the social and environmental amenity of natural assets, including waterways. The primary driver of urban waterway degradation changes in land uses which results in altered hydrology – from stormwater runoff, and where present, wastewater treatment plant discharge. Whilst the impacts of pollutants are relatively well regulated via public policy, a gap remains for the management of flow regime modification. The Urban Streamflow Impact Assessment (USIA) was developed to fill this management and planning knowledge gap. The approach begins with the identification of waterway values (social, ecological and geomorphic) then explicitly links these values to streamflow characteristics using hydraulic and hydrologic metrics. USIA was applied to a case study in Western Sydney and demonstrated the loss of values associated with ‘business-as-usual’ approaches to stormwater and wastewater management. Conventional stormwater management approaches do not remove enough excess flow to meet reasonable outcomes for the waterway. This excess runoff is increasingly seen as a resource and opportunity for improving water security and liveability. USIA is consistent with regulatory frameworks and can be applied across developing and established urban catchments to provide explicit input to planning controls. The approach is appropriate at multiple scales, informing urban planning from a broad strategic level through to detailed design. By linking social and ecological values with geomorphic and flow requirements, the approach enables an understanding of which management approaches could allow desirable waterway outcomes to be met.
随着全球城市人口的增长,城市土地覆盖的增加直接影响了包括水道在内的自然资产的社会和环境舒适度。城市水道退化的主要驱动因素是土地利用的变化,这导致了雨水径流和污水处理厂排放的水文变化。虽然污染物的影响通过公共政策得到了相对较好的管制,但在流量制度调整的管理方面仍然存在差距。城市河流影响评估(USIA)的开发就是为了填补这一管理和规划知识空白。该方法首先确定水道价值(社会、生态和地貌),然后使用水力和水文指标明确地将这些价值与溪流特征联系起来。USIA被应用于西悉尼的一个案例研究,并展示了与“一切照旧”的雨水和废水管理方法相关的价值损失。传统的雨水管理方法不能清除足够的多余流量,以满足水道的合理结果。这种过剩的径流越来越被视为改善水安全和宜居性的资源和机会。USIA与监管框架是一致的,可以应用于发展中和已建立的城市集水区,为规划控制提供明确的输入。这种方法适用于多个尺度,从广泛的战略层面到详细的设计,为城市规划提供信息。通过将社会和生态价值与地貌和流量要求联系起来,该方法使人们能够了解哪种管理方法可以实现理想的水道结果。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Australasian Journal of Water Resources
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