Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1824610
M. Bahrami, M. Amiri, Morteza Badkubi
ABSTRACT One of the important alternative water sources for non-potable purposes is greywater, but needs to remove contaminants. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a horizontal series filter (HSF) consists of sand, zeolite (Z), pumice (P), and granular activated carbon (GAC) to analyse the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and pH in greywater samples from Fasa University Student Hostel, Iran. Recycling treatment was performed by passing the greywater through filters. After the last filter, treated greywater was returned into the main tank. The system was run at filtration rate of 2.94 m3 day−1. The analysis of the data from the filtration tests showed that GAC is the best adsorbent for removing COD, BOD5, and TDS from greywater, followed by zeolite. Whereas, pumice is more advisable to remove turbidity. However, due to the different mass of adsorbents in the filters, pumice showed a higher adsorption capacity than zeolite. Generally, the triple combination of GAC+Z + P represented the best performance in the reduction of COD, BOD5, TDS, turbidity up to 90.42%, 91.43%, 82.95%, and 90.27%, respectively. Therefore, the studied system can be implemented in public places to greywater treatment and reuse.
{"title":"Application of horizontal series filtration in greywater treatment: a semi-industrial study","authors":"M. Bahrami, M. Amiri, Morteza Badkubi","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1824610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the important alternative water sources for non-potable purposes is greywater, but needs to remove contaminants. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a horizontal series filter (HSF) consists of sand, zeolite (Z), pumice (P), and granular activated carbon (GAC) to analyse the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and pH in greywater samples from Fasa University Student Hostel, Iran. Recycling treatment was performed by passing the greywater through filters. After the last filter, treated greywater was returned into the main tank. The system was run at filtration rate of 2.94 m3 day−1. The analysis of the data from the filtration tests showed that GAC is the best adsorbent for removing COD, BOD5, and TDS from greywater, followed by zeolite. Whereas, pumice is more advisable to remove turbidity. However, due to the different mass of adsorbents in the filters, pumice showed a higher adsorption capacity than zeolite. Generally, the triple combination of GAC+Z + P represented the best performance in the reduction of COD, BOD5, TDS, turbidity up to 90.42%, 91.43%, 82.95%, and 90.27%, respectively. Therefore, the studied system can be implemented in public places to greywater treatment and reuse.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"236 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47192403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1790126
Elliott Leonard Provis
ABSTRACT In Australia, contestation over the use of water resources remains fierce and these contests extends into regional cities and urban capitals. The 2008 Echuca Declaration by the Murray Lower Darling Indigenous Nations called for a share of these water entitlements to be legally and beneficially owned by First Nations with an associated right to use such resources for economic liberation – termed as ‘Cultural Flows’. This was necessary because of the inadequacies First Nations of the Murray–Darling Basin encountered when seeking legal recognition of their cultural rights to water; but as the literature has shown these difficulties are not unique to just First Nations of the Murray–Darling Basin. Similar problems confront First Nations throughout Australia, especially so in urban Australia. There is limited research into how Cultural Flows can be procured in cities, or how recycled water and treated urban stormwater runoff might have a part to play in the achievement of cultural water management objectives set by Indigenous communities. Centred on the Victorian planning scheme, this research aims to bridge this gap through a policy analysis of recycled water and urban stormwater runoff governance. From here, how this approach might be implemented is discussed.’
{"title":"Recognising the value of urban runoff and reclaimed water for cultural flows in melbourne: implementation through the planning scheme","authors":"Elliott Leonard Provis","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1790126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1790126","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Australia, contestation over the use of water resources remains fierce and these contests extends into regional cities and urban capitals. The 2008 Echuca Declaration by the Murray Lower Darling Indigenous Nations called for a share of these water entitlements to be legally and beneficially owned by First Nations with an associated right to use such resources for economic liberation – termed as ‘Cultural Flows’. This was necessary because of the inadequacies First Nations of the Murray–Darling Basin encountered when seeking legal recognition of their cultural rights to water; but as the literature has shown these difficulties are not unique to just First Nations of the Murray–Darling Basin. Similar problems confront First Nations throughout Australia, especially so in urban Australia. There is limited research into how Cultural Flows can be procured in cities, or how recycled water and treated urban stormwater runoff might have a part to play in the achievement of cultural water management objectives set by Indigenous communities. Centred on the Victorian planning scheme, this research aims to bridge this gap through a policy analysis of recycled water and urban stormwater runoff governance. From here, how this approach might be implemented is discussed.’","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"209 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1790126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44974047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1822139
A. Arthington
Sandra Postel is the author of four books on fresh water – its amazing properties, global distribution patterns, human uses, ecological values, and water management practices. Her first, the Last O...
{"title":"Replenish: the virtuous cycle of water and prosperity","authors":"A. Arthington","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1822139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1822139","url":null,"abstract":"Sandra Postel is the author of four books on fresh water – its amazing properties, global distribution patterns, human uses, ecological values, and water management practices. Her first, the Last O...","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"257 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1822139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41582437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1800332
N. Kirk, Melissa Robson-Williams, A. Fenemor, N. Heath
ABSTRACT Freshwater policy is driven by interrelated challenges such as declining water quality, urban expansion, and agricultural intensification. But recent research indicates that implementation of policy is less successful than its development. Given recent innovations in New Zealand’s freshwater management and policy, this paper asks, What are the barriers to freshwater policy implementation in New Zealand? Data for this research were gathered through semi-structured interviews with key regional council and unitary authority employees. The research discovered several implementation barriers, such as low government and community capacity and difficulty aligning local policy with national policy. The paper argues that a closed loop between problem identification and responding to problems through planning slows the implementation of freshwater policy. In response, the paper offers a set of recommendations, designed for the New Zealand context, to enable more effective implementation of freshwater policy.
{"title":"Exploring the barriers to freshwater policy implementation in New Zealand","authors":"N. Kirk, Melissa Robson-Williams, A. Fenemor, N. Heath","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1800332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1800332","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Freshwater policy is driven by interrelated challenges such as declining water quality, urban expansion, and agricultural intensification. But recent research indicates that implementation of policy is less successful than its development. Given recent innovations in New Zealand’s freshwater management and policy, this paper asks, What are the barriers to freshwater policy implementation in New Zealand? Data for this research were gathered through semi-structured interviews with key regional council and unitary authority employees. The research discovered several implementation barriers, such as low government and community capacity and difficulty aligning local policy with national policy. The paper argues that a closed loop between problem identification and responding to problems through planning slows the implementation of freshwater policy. In response, the paper offers a set of recommendations, designed for the New Zealand context, to enable more effective implementation of freshwater policy.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"91 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1800332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47398662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1810927
D. Kemp, T. Daniell
ABSTRACT Flood hydrograph estimation in Australia is mostly undertakenby a class of models known as runoff routing models. These models have in common the sub-division of the catchment into a number of sub-catchments, with the application of excess rainfall to each sub-catchment and the routing through a series of nonlinear storages representing the channel flow through the catchment. The first Australian runoff routing model was developed in the 1960s, and there have been numerous models developed that contain the same basic structure, with enhancements. With the release of Australian Rainfall & Runoff there were significant changes in the way design floods are estimated in Australia, with flood estimation by runoff routing beingmodified to include a joint probability approach rather than a design flood approach, so that the variability and interaction of flood-producing factors are better allowed for. This paper reviews the development of runoff routing within Australia, from the original 1960s model to joint probability, and identifies issues associated with the models, including self-consistency and the limitation on the runoff processes that can be modelled. The required features of a model that address the limitations of current models are described.
{"title":"A review of flow estimation by runoff routing in Australia – and the way forward","authors":"D. Kemp, T. Daniell","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1810927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1810927","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flood hydrograph estimation in Australia is mostly undertakenby a class of models known as runoff routing models. These models have in common the sub-division of the catchment into a number of sub-catchments, with the application of excess rainfall to each sub-catchment and the routing through a series of nonlinear storages representing the channel flow through the catchment. The first Australian runoff routing model was developed in the 1960s, and there have been numerous models developed that contain the same basic structure, with enhancements. With the release of Australian Rainfall & Runoff there were significant changes in the way design floods are estimated in Australia, with flood estimation by runoff routing beingmodified to include a joint probability approach rather than a design flood approach, so that the variability and interaction of flood-producing factors are better allowed for. This paper reviews the development of runoff routing within Australia, from the original 1960s model to joint probability, and identifies issues associated with the models, including self-consistency and the limitation on the runoff processes that can be modelled. The required features of a model that address the limitations of current models are described.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"139 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1810927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41932549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1824367
X. Leng, H. Chanson
ABSTRACT Low-level river crossings and culverts deliver valuable transportation and hydraulic control services to the society, but have negative impacts in terms of upstream fish passage. Recently, full-height sidewall baffles have been imposed in north-eastern Australia to assist upstream passage of small-bodied fish in box culverts, although the impact on the culvert discharge capacity was ignored. Detailed physical modelling was conducted under controlled flow conditions in a near-full-scale culvert barrel channel, equipped with such full-height sidewall baffles. The results provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of full-height sidewall baffles on the discharge capacity of box culverts. Applications were developed for single- and multi-cell box culverts, and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"How full-height sidewall baffles affect box culvert capacity: balancing fish passage and discharge requirements","authors":"X. Leng, H. Chanson","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1824367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Low-level river crossings and culverts deliver valuable transportation and hydraulic control services to the society, but have negative impacts in terms of upstream fish passage. Recently, full-height sidewall baffles have been imposed in north-eastern Australia to assist upstream passage of small-bodied fish in box culverts, although the impact on the culvert discharge capacity was ignored. Detailed physical modelling was conducted under controlled flow conditions in a near-full-scale culvert barrel channel, equipped with such full-height sidewall baffles. The results provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of full-height sidewall baffles on the discharge capacity of box culverts. Applications were developed for single- and multi-cell box culverts, and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"248 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41398487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1821488
I. Brodie
ABSTRACT A new method to estimate design discharge quantiles is described based on converting multi-day rainfall P to flood event runoff RO, factored to generate discharge Q. The so-called PROQ transfer function is founded on simple flood volume-peak and GRADEX rainfall-runoff tanh relationships. Performance testing of PROQ, in both at-site and regional design flood contexts up to 1 in 100 annual exceedance probability, was made using south east Queensland streamgauge data. A statistical comparison against proven methods showed that the PROQ transform has significant potential as an alternative for design flood estimation. An example of how PROQ can be used within a design flood framework and recommendations for further enhancement are provided. Abbreviations: AEP: Annual exceedance probability; AMS: Annual maximum series, extracted from the flood record at a gauge site; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; ARR: Australian Rainfall and Runoff guidelines; A-S: At-site. Describes a set of methods to estimate design flood quantiles by statistical analysis of the flood record at an individual gauge site; E: Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency; FFA: Flood frequency analysis; G-B: Multiple Grubbs-Beck test recommended by ARR 2019 for low flow censoring. Used for at-site flood frequency analysis; GEV: General extreme value probability distribution; GRADEX: Gradient of extreme values. Design flood probability concept originating in France based on parallelism of rainfall and runoff quantile curves; L: Retention of rainfall within the catchment during flood event, expressed as a depth; LP3: Log Pearson 3 probability distribution; P: Rainfall depth; PRM: Probabilistic Rational Method. An ARR method for ungauged, undeveloped Australian catchments superseded in 2016; PROQ: Transfer function based on converting P to RO and then factoring RO to estimate Q; PW: Palmen and Weeks. Regional method for ungauged, undeveloped Queensland catchments developed by Palmen and Weeks (2011); R: Retention curve number. Used in probabilistic charting of design floods based on PROQ; RE: Absolute relative error; REG: Regional. Describes a set of methods to estimate design flood quantiles using information obtained from at-site analyses of several representative catchments within a region; RO: Flood event runoff depth; SR30: Strike rate of estimates within ±30% tolerance.
{"title":"An evaluation of a multi-day rainfall – runoff volume – peak discharge transform for flood frequency estimation","authors":"I. Brodie","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1821488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1821488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new method to estimate design discharge quantiles is described based on converting multi-day rainfall P to flood event runoff RO, factored to generate discharge Q. The so-called PROQ transfer function is founded on simple flood volume-peak and GRADEX rainfall-runoff tanh relationships. Performance testing of PROQ, in both at-site and regional design flood contexts up to 1 in 100 annual exceedance probability, was made using south east Queensland streamgauge data. A statistical comparison against proven methods showed that the PROQ transform has significant potential as an alternative for design flood estimation. An example of how PROQ can be used within a design flood framework and recommendations for further enhancement are provided. Abbreviations: AEP: Annual exceedance probability; AMS: Annual maximum series, extracted from the flood record at a gauge site; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; ARR: Australian Rainfall and Runoff guidelines; A-S: At-site. Describes a set of methods to estimate design flood quantiles by statistical analysis of the flood record at an individual gauge site; E: Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency; FFA: Flood frequency analysis; G-B: Multiple Grubbs-Beck test recommended by ARR 2019 for low flow censoring. Used for at-site flood frequency analysis; GEV: General extreme value probability distribution; GRADEX: Gradient of extreme values. Design flood probability concept originating in France based on parallelism of rainfall and runoff quantile curves; L: Retention of rainfall within the catchment during flood event, expressed as a depth; LP3: Log Pearson 3 probability distribution; P: Rainfall depth; PRM: Probabilistic Rational Method. An ARR method for ungauged, undeveloped Australian catchments superseded in 2016; PROQ: Transfer function based on converting P to RO and then factoring RO to estimate Q; PW: Palmen and Weeks. Regional method for ungauged, undeveloped Queensland catchments developed by Palmen and Weeks (2011); R: Retention curve number. Used in probabilistic charting of design floods based on PROQ; RE: Absolute relative error; REG: Regional. Describes a set of methods to estimate design flood quantiles using information obtained from at-site analyses of several representative catchments within a region; RO: Flood event runoff depth; SR30: Strike rate of estimates within ±30% tolerance.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"167 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1821488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43906006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1787702
G. Walker, Quan J. Wang, A. Horne, Rick Evans, S. Richardson
ABSTRACT Concerns have been raised that the use of infrastructure and water efficiency projects to recover water entitlements for the environment in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) could be undermined by a reduction in return flows to rivers. Water use efficiency changes prior to 2009 had already reduced surface return flows. A dimensionless and normalised variable, connectivity factor (CF), has been used to analyse the cumulative impact on river flow from actions that alter groundwater recharge or extraction. CF is objectively estimated from existing modelling outputs for three large alluvial groundwater systems in south-eastern MDB relevant to a major water use efficiency program. Lower values of CF (0.05–0.45) imply lower reductions of return flows, less impacts on recovered water entitlements, with impacts more likely to be managed adaptively within current water management plans. The study should help allay concerns by explaining why previous estimates had been overly high.
{"title":"Estimating groundwater-river connectivity factor for quantifying changes in irrigation return flows in the Murray–Darling Basin","authors":"G. Walker, Quan J. Wang, A. Horne, Rick Evans, S. Richardson","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1787702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1787702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Concerns have been raised that the use of infrastructure and water efficiency projects to recover water entitlements for the environment in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) could be undermined by a reduction in return flows to rivers. Water use efficiency changes prior to 2009 had already reduced surface return flows. A dimensionless and normalised variable, connectivity factor (CF), has been used to analyse the cumulative impact on river flow from actions that alter groundwater recharge or extraction. CF is objectively estimated from existing modelling outputs for three large alluvial groundwater systems in south-eastern MDB relevant to a major water use efficiency program. Lower values of CF (0.05–0.45) imply lower reductions of return flows, less impacts on recovered water entitlements, with impacts more likely to be managed adaptively within current water management plans. The study should help allay concerns by explaining why previous estimates had been overly high.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"121 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1787702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42581374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1824368
I. Brodie
ABSTRACT The PROQ transform which converts rainfall P to runoff RO, then factored to produce peak discharge Q, can be used for regional design flood estimation. SPEED, a French method based on GRADEX principles is a PROQ transform. 1 in 100 annual exceedance probability discharges was estimated using SPEED for 40 Australian non-urban catchments. Inputs are catchment area and areal design rainfall depth. The SPEED transform involves three constant parameters: scaling factor a, non-linearity b and retention L. SPEED was found to be simple and effective (Nash-Sutcliffe E = 0.82). A local version of SPEED produced a similar performance (E = 0.74). A general form of PROQ was developed to explain similarities with other models such as the Probabilistic Rational Method and to develop the local SPEED transform. Gauge sites can be grouped based on a and L ‘bins’, using site-based mean values of these parameters. A PROQ model using two a bins and two L bins significantly enhanced predictive accuracy (E = 0.92).
PROQ变换将降雨P转化为径流RO，经因子分解得到峰值流量Q，可用于区域设计洪水估算。SPEED是一种基于GRADEX原理的法国方法，是一种PROQ变换。使用SPEED对40个澳大利亚非城市集水区进行了年度超额概率排放估计。输入是集水区面积和区域设计降雨深度。SPEED变换包含三个常量参数:比例因子a、非线性b和保留率l。SPEED变换简单有效(Nash-Sutcliffe E = 0.82)。本地版本的SPEED产生了类似的性能(E = 0.74)。开发了PROQ的一般形式来解释与其他模型(如概率理性方法)的相似性，并开发了局部SPEED变换。测量站点可以根据a和L“箱”进行分组，使用这些参数的基于站点的平均值。使用两个A仓和两个L仓的PROQ模型显著提高了预测精度(E = 0.92)。
{"title":"Regional analysis of PROQ transforms for flood frequency estimation based on GRADEX principles","authors":"I. Brodie","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1824368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The PROQ transform which converts rainfall P to runoff RO, then factored to produce peak discharge Q, can be used for regional design flood estimation. SPEED, a French method based on GRADEX principles is a PROQ transform. 1 in 100 annual exceedance probability discharges was estimated using SPEED for 40 Australian non-urban catchments. Inputs are catchment area and areal design rainfall depth. The SPEED transform involves three constant parameters: scaling factor a, non-linearity b and retention L. SPEED was found to be simple and effective (Nash-Sutcliffe E = 0.82). A local version of SPEED produced a similar performance (E = 0.74). A general form of PROQ was developed to explain similarities with other models such as the Probabilistic Rational Method and to develop the local SPEED transform. Gauge sites can be grouped based on a and L ‘bins’, using site-based mean values of these parameters. A PROQ model using two a bins and two L bins significantly enhanced predictive accuracy (E = 0.92).","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"183 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42288864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1821487
S. Singh, Julien Augas, M. Pahlow, S. Graham
ABSTRACT The regional parameters can be derived from physiographic factors such as topography, soil type, and vegetation. In this study the suitability of five regional parameterisation methods was investigated and assessed to provide guidance on how to select optimal parameter sets. The overarching goal was to improve the accuracy of a hydrological model when applied at the regional scale. The regional parameterisation techniques assessed were: 1) averaging of optimal parameter sets of gauged catchments, 2) calibrating several catchments with a regional performance efficiency, 3) weighted average performance criterion for calibration, 4) largest number of positive Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients and 5) a Bayesian parameter selection method. The parameterisation methods were assessed by applying TopNet in sixteen gauged catchments in the Bay of Plenty region on the North Island of New Zealand, to then predict flows for five test catchments. It was shown that any of the five regionalisation methods considered improved flow predictions of Mean Annual Low Flow when compared to applying the same model with a prescribed spatially distributed set of the key model parameter. The improvement was less pronounced for mean flow and high flow, regardless of the method used and was linked to the hydrogeology class of the catchments.
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