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Redefining ‘cultural values’ – the economics of cultural flows 重新定义“文化价值”——文化流动的经济学
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-31 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1795339
Siobhan Davies, Jason Wilson, M. Ridges
ABSTRACT Cultural flows are water allocations to Aboriginal groups to maintain cultural values. Economic frameworks treat cultural values as sites or places where ‘cultural activities’ take place. A cultural flow is then a discretionary allocation of water to ‘water’ those sites, in the same way that water is delivered to irrigators to water their crops. This water allocation framework, in which environmental, irrigation or cultural values are traded off in a zero-sum game, is grounded in economic and legal frameworks that treat spiritual, environmental, economic and social values as separate and unconnected value domains. In contrast, within Aboriginal ontology each value domain is inherently connected, and cannot be traded off against the others. Interpreting cultural beliefs as akin to a recreational activity ignores the relationship between cultural belief and Aboriginal economic and social organisation. We use a case study of the Narran Lakes area of NSW to explore the relationship between cultural beliefs and the way in which Country was managed under cultural law. Understanding this relationship is important in the economic analysis of cultural flows.
摘要文化流量是指为维护文化价值而向原住民群体分配的水量。经济框架将文化价值观视为“文化活动”发生的场所或场所。文化流动是指随意分配水来“灌溉”这些地点,就像水被输送给灌溉者来灌溉他们的作物一样。这种水资源分配框架以经济和法律框架为基础,将精神、环境、经济和社会价值视为独立和不相连的价值领域,在这种框架中,环境、灌溉或文化价值在零和游戏中进行权衡。相反,在原住民本体论中,每个价值领域都是内在联系的,不能与其他领域进行交易。将文化信仰解释为类似于娱乐活动忽略了文化信仰与原住民经济和社会组织之间的关系。我们使用新南威尔士州纳兰湖地区的案例研究来探索文化信仰与国家在文化法下管理方式之间的关系。理解这种关系在文化流动的经济分析中很重要。
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引用次数: 7
Ngā Puna Aroha: towards an indigenous-centred freshwater allocation framework for Aotearoa New Zealand ngi ā Puna Aroha:为新西兰奥特罗阿建立以土著为中心的淡水分配框架
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1792632
Lara B. Taylor, A. Fenemor, Roku Mihinui, Te Atarangi Sayers, Tina Porou, D. Hikuroa, N. Harcourt, P. White, M. O'Connor
ABSTRACT Aotearoa New Zealand’s environmental policy and legislation recognises Māori Indigenous principles and values, and gives prominence to Te Mana o te Wai (the authority of water itself). However, current policy, legislation, and practice are inadequate for enabling Māori rights and interests in water takes and instream flows and levels, in terms of both involvement and specific allocation mechanisms supporting Māori values. We argue that a policy and implementation space needs to be created that ensures indigenous Māori engagement and outcomes in freshwater governance, planning, and management. This space should provide for an integrated, precautionary, and bicultural ‘First Principles’ approach, ensuring that Māori rights and interests consistent with Te Tiriti o Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) are enabled, including the exercise of mātauranga Māori (knowledge informed by Māori worldviews), tikanga (Māori customs and lore), and kaitiakitanga (guardianship). We outline a potential water allocation framework, Ngā Puna Aroha, that could provide direction and give confidence and certainty to the implementers of national water policy. Such an approach would need to be supported by a broader bicultural policy and we suggest an overarching philosophy Ngā Taonga Tuku Iho, which would encompass all natural ‘resource’ management, providing a korowai (cloak) for the management of each particular ‘resource’ or taonga (treasure) including freshwater. This type of bicultural proposal could inform freshwater and wider natural ‘resource’ management policymaking, regulatory frameworks, and implementation nationally and internationally.
新西兰的环境政策和立法承认Māori土著原则和价值观,并突出了Te Mana o Te Wai(水本身的权威)。然而,就参与和支持Māori价值的具体分配机制而言,目前的政策、立法和实践不足以使Māori在取水和溪流流量和水位方面的权利和利益得以实现。我们认为,需要创造一个政策和实施空间,以确保土著Māori在淡水治理、规划和管理方面的参与和成果。这个空间应该提供一种综合的、预防性的、双文化的“第一原则”方法,确保Māori符合《怀唐伊提里提》/《怀唐伊条约》(1840)的权利和利益得以实现,包括mātauranga Māori(通过Māori世界观获得的知识)、tikanga (Māori习俗和爱)和kaitiakitanga(监护)的行使。我们概述了一个潜在的水资源分配框架,即Ngā Puna Aroha,它可以为国家水资源政策的执行者提供方向、信心和确定性。这种方法需要得到更广泛的双文化政策的支持,我们提出了一种涵盖所有自然“资源”管理的总体哲学,为每一种特定“资源”或包括淡水在内的Taonga(宝藏)的管理提供一种korowai(斗篷)。这种类型的双文化建议可以为淡水和更广泛的自然“资源”管理决策、监管框架以及国家和国际实施提供信息。
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引用次数: 15
Potential cumulative impacts on river flow volume from increased groundwater extraction under the Murray-Darling Basin Plan 根据墨累-达令盆地计划,增加地下水开采对河流流量的潜在累积影响
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1804042
G. Walker, Quan J. Wang, A. Horne, Rick Evans, S. Richardson
ABSTRACT A risk assessment of the reduction of streamflow in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) from potential increased groundwater extraction has been conducted. This incorporates the uncertainty of future extraction and connectivity between groundwater and surface water. The predicted impact from forty years of growth in extraction is less than 580 Gl/y, and likely to be in range of 100–400 Gl/y. Over 80% of this impact will result from extraction under limits existing before the Basin Plan, with most impact from extraction outside these limits occurring later. Groundwater units with high risk lie within a range of river valleys and hydrogeological domains, and particularly the Goulburn valley and zones of fresher groundwater discharge. Management rules in the new groundwater management plans are designed to reduce use in high impact zones. Monitoring is required to assess effectiveness of these as use increases and conjunctive water management becomes more common.
摘要对墨累-达令盆地(MDB)因潜在的地下水开采量增加而导致的流量减少进行了风险评估。这包括了未来开采的不确定性以及地下水和地表水之间的连通性。40年开采增长的预测影响小于580 Gl/y,可能在100–400 Gl/y之间。超过80%的影响将来自盆地规划之前存在的限制范围内的开采,而这些限制范围外的开采的大部分影响将在稍后发生。高风险地下水单元位于河谷和水文地质区域的范围内,尤其是古尔本河谷和新鲜地下水排放区。新地下水管理计划中的管理规则旨在减少高影响区的使用。随着使用量的增加和联合用水管理变得越来越普遍,需要进行监测以评估这些措施的有效性。
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引用次数: 9
Application of horizontal series filtration in greywater treatment: a semi-industrial study 水平串联过滤在灰水处理中的应用半工业性研究
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1824610
M. Bahrami, M. Amiri, Morteza Badkubi
ABSTRACT One of the important alternative water sources for non-potable purposes is greywater, but needs to remove contaminants. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a horizontal series filter (HSF) consists of sand, zeolite (Z), pumice (P), and granular activated carbon (GAC) to analyse the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and pH in greywater samples from Fasa University Student Hostel, Iran. Recycling treatment was performed by passing the greywater through filters. After the last filter, treated greywater was returned into the main tank. The system was run at filtration rate of 2.94 m3 day−1. The analysis of the data from the filtration tests showed that GAC is the best adsorbent for removing COD, BOD5, and TDS from greywater, followed by zeolite. Whereas, pumice is more advisable to remove turbidity. However, due to the different mass of adsorbents in the filters, pumice showed a higher adsorption capacity than zeolite. Generally, the triple combination of GAC+Z + P represented the best performance in the reduction of COD, BOD5, TDS, turbidity up to 90.42%, 91.43%, 82.95%, and 90.27%, respectively. Therefore, the studied system can be implemented in public places to greywater treatment and reuse.
摘要灰水是非饮用用水的重要替代水源之一,但需要去除污染物。本研究的目的是研究由沙子、沸石(Z)、浮石(P)和颗粒活性炭(GAC)组成的卧式系列过滤器(HSF)的性能,以分析伊朗Fasa大学学生宿舍灰水中样品的化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD5)、总溶解固体(TDS)、浊度和pH值。将灰水通过过滤器进行再循环处理。经过最后一次过滤后,处理过的灰水返回主水箱。系统以2.94 m3 day−1的过滤速率运行。过滤试验数据分析表明,GAC是去除灰水中COD、BOD5和TDS效果最好的吸附剂,沸石次之。而浮石更适合用于去除浊度。然而,由于过滤器中吸附剂的质量不同,浮石比沸石表现出更高的吸附能力。总体而言,GAC+Z + P组合对COD、BOD5、TDS和浊度的降低效果最佳,分别达到90.42%、91.43%、82.95%和90.27%。因此,所研究的系统可以在公共场所实施中水处理和回用。
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引用次数: 7
Recognising the value of urban runoff and reclaimed water for cultural flows in melbourne: implementation through the planning scheme 认识到城市径流和再生水对墨尔本文化流动的价值:通过规划方案实施
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1790126
Elliott Leonard Provis
ABSTRACT In Australia, contestation over the use of water resources remains fierce and these contests extends into regional cities and urban capitals. The 2008 Echuca Declaration by the Murray Lower Darling Indigenous Nations called for a share of these water entitlements to be legally and beneficially owned by First Nations with an associated right to use such resources for economic liberation – termed as ‘Cultural Flows’. This was necessary because of the inadequacies First Nations of the Murray–Darling Basin encountered when seeking legal recognition of their cultural rights to water; but as the literature has shown these difficulties are not unique to just First Nations of the Murray–Darling Basin. Similar problems confront First Nations throughout Australia, especially so in urban Australia. There is limited research into how Cultural Flows can be procured in cities, or how recycled water and treated urban stormwater runoff might have a part to play in the achievement of cultural water management objectives set by Indigenous communities. Centred on the Victorian planning scheme, this research aims to bridge this gap through a policy analysis of recycled water and urban stormwater runoff governance. From here, how this approach might be implemented is discussed.’
在澳大利亚,关于水资源利用的争论一直很激烈,而且这些争论已经延伸到区域城市和城市首府。2008年,墨累河下游达令土著民族发表了《埃丘卡宣言》,呼吁将这些水资源的一部分合法、有效地归第一民族所有,并享有将这些资源用于经济解放的相关权利——即“文化流动”。这是必要的,因为墨累-达令盆地的第一民族在寻求对其水的文化权利的法律承认时遇到了不足;但正如文献所示,这些困难并不仅仅是墨累-达令盆地第一民族所特有的。澳大利亚各地的原住民都面临着类似的问题,尤其是在澳大利亚的城市。关于如何在城市中获取文化流动,或如何利用循环水和处理过的城市雨水径流来实现土著社区制定的文化水管理目标的研究有限。本研究以维多利亚规划方案为中心,旨在通过对循环水和城市雨水径流治理的政策分析来弥合这一差距。从这里开始,我们将讨论如何实施这种方法。”
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引用次数: 1
Exploring the barriers to freshwater policy implementation in New Zealand 探讨新西兰淡水政策执行的障碍
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1800332
N. Kirk, Melissa Robson-Williams, A. Fenemor, N. Heath
ABSTRACT Freshwater policy is driven by interrelated challenges such as declining water quality, urban expansion, and agricultural intensification. But recent research indicates that implementation of policy is less successful than its development. Given recent innovations in New Zealand’s freshwater management and policy, this paper asks, What are the barriers to freshwater policy implementation in New Zealand? Data for this research were gathered through semi-structured interviews with key regional council and unitary authority employees. The research discovered several implementation barriers, such as low government and community capacity and difficulty aligning local policy with national policy. The paper argues that a closed loop between problem identification and responding to problems through planning slows the implementation of freshwater policy. In response, the paper offers a set of recommendations, designed for the New Zealand context, to enable more effective implementation of freshwater policy.
淡水政策是由水质下降、城市扩张和农业集约化等相互关联的挑战驱动的。但最近的研究表明,政策的实施不如政策的制定成功。鉴于新西兰最近在淡水管理和政策方面的创新,本文提出了一个问题:新西兰淡水政策实施的障碍是什么?本研究的数据是通过对主要地区委员会和单一当局雇员的半结构化访谈收集的。该研究发现了一些实施障碍,例如政府和社区能力低下以及难以使地方政策与国家政策保持一致。本文认为,问题识别和通过规划应对问题之间的闭环减缓了淡水政策的实施。作为回应,该文件提出了一套针对新西兰情况设计的建议,以便更有效地实施淡水政策。
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引用次数: 13
Replenish: the virtuous cycle of water and prosperity 补水:水与繁荣的良性循环
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1822139
A. Arthington
Sandra Postel is the author of four books on fresh water – its amazing properties, global distribution patterns, human uses, ecological values, and water management practices. Her first, the Last O...
桑德拉·波斯特尔著有四本关于淡水的书,内容涉及淡水的惊人特性、全球分布模式、人类利用、生态价值和水管理实践。她的第一个,最后一个O…
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引用次数: 1
A review of flow estimation by runoff routing in Australia – and the way forward 澳大利亚径流路线流量估算综述及未来发展方向
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1810927
D. Kemp, T. Daniell
ABSTRACT Flood hydrograph estimation in Australia is mostly undertakenby a class of models known as runoff routing models. These models have in common the sub-division of the catchment into a number of sub-catchments, with the application of excess rainfall to each sub-catchment and the routing through a series of nonlinear storages representing the channel flow through the catchment. The first Australian runoff routing model was developed in the 1960s, and there have been numerous models developed that contain the same basic structure, with enhancements. With the release of Australian Rainfall & Runoff there were significant changes in the way design floods are estimated in Australia, with flood estimation by runoff routing beingmodified to include a joint probability approach rather than a design flood approach, so that the variability and interaction of flood-producing factors are better allowed for. This paper reviews the development of runoff routing within Australia, from the original 1960s model to joint probability, and identifies issues associated with the models, including self-consistency and the limitation on the runoff processes that can be modelled. The required features of a model that address the limitations of current models are described.
澳大利亚的洪水水文估算主要由一类称为径流路径模型的模型进行。这些模型的共同之处在于,将集水区划分为若干子集水区,将过量降雨应用于每个子集水区,并通过一系列非线性存储来表示通过集水区的河道流量。第一个澳大利亚径流路径模型是在20世纪60年代开发的,并且已经开发了许多包含相同基本结构的模型,并进行了改进。随着《澳大利亚降雨与径流》的发布,澳大利亚设计洪水的估算方式发生了重大变化,通过径流路径进行的洪水估算被修改为包括联合概率方法而不是设计洪水方法,以便更好地考虑洪水产生因素的可变性和相互作用。本文回顾了澳大利亚境内径流路径的发展,从最初的20世纪60年代模型到联合概率,并确定了与模型相关的问题,包括自一致性和径流过程可以建模的限制。描述了解决当前模型局限性的模型所需的特性。
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引用次数: 3
Estimating groundwater-river connectivity factor for quantifying changes in irrigation return flows in the Murray–Darling Basin 估算地下水-河流连通性因子以量化墨累-达令盆地灌溉回流的变化
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1787702
G. Walker, Quan J. Wang, A. Horne, Rick Evans, S. Richardson
ABSTRACT Concerns have been raised that the use of infrastructure and water efficiency projects to recover water entitlements for the environment in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) could be undermined by a reduction in return flows to rivers. Water use efficiency changes prior to 2009 had already reduced surface return flows. A dimensionless and normalised variable, connectivity factor (CF), has been used to analyse the cumulative impact on river flow from actions that alter groundwater recharge or extraction. CF is objectively estimated from existing modelling outputs for three large alluvial groundwater systems in south-eastern MDB relevant to a major water use efficiency program. Lower values of CF (0.05–0.45) imply lower reductions of return flows, less impacts on recovered water entitlements, with impacts more likely to be managed adaptively within current water management plans. The study should help allay concerns by explaining why previous estimates had been overly high.
摘要有人担心,在墨累-达令盆地(MDB),利用基础设施和水效率项目恢复环境用水权利可能会因河流回流的减少而受到损害。2009年之前的用水效率变化已经减少了地表回流。一个无量纲和归一化变量,连通性因子(CF),已被用于分析改变地下水补给或开采的行为对河流流量的累积影响。CF是根据与主要用水效率计划相关的MDB东南部三个大型冲积地下水系统的现有建模输出进行客观估计的。CF值越低(0.05–0.45)意味着回流减少越少,对回收水权利的影响越小,影响更有可能在当前的水管理计划中得到适应性管理。这项研究应该有助于通过解释为什么之前的估计过高来减轻人们的担忧。
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引用次数: 14
How full-height sidewall baffles affect box culvert capacity: balancing fish passage and discharge requirements 全高侧壁挡板如何影响箱形涵洞容量:平衡鱼类通道和排放要求
IF 3.2 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/13241583.2020.1824367
X. Leng, H. Chanson
ABSTRACT Low-level river crossings and culverts deliver valuable transportation and hydraulic control services to the society, but have negative impacts in terms of upstream fish passage. Recently, full-height sidewall baffles have been imposed in north-eastern Australia to assist upstream passage of small-bodied fish in box culverts, although the impact on the culvert discharge capacity was ignored. Detailed physical modelling was conducted under controlled flow conditions in a near-full-scale culvert barrel channel, equipped with such full-height sidewall baffles. The results provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of full-height sidewall baffles on the discharge capacity of box culverts. Applications were developed for single- and multi-cell box culverts, and practical implications are discussed.
摘要低水位河流穿越和涵洞为社会提供了宝贵的运输和水力控制服务,但对上游鱼类通道产生了负面影响。最近,澳大利亚东北部实施了全高侧壁挡板,以帮助小型鱼类在箱形涵洞中向上游通过,尽管对涵洞排水能力的影响被忽视了。详细的物理建模是在控制流量的条件下,在一个接近全尺寸的涵洞桶形通道中进行的,该通道配备了这种全高侧壁挡板。研究结果为全高侧壁挡板对箱涵泄流能力的影响提供了定量评估。开发了单孔和多孔箱涵的应用,并讨论了实际意义。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Australasian Journal of Water Resources
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