H. Jahanbakhsh, M. Sohrabi, A. Kakhki, E. Khodashenas
Background: Among the main deficits in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), the underdeveloped balance is important because of the impact on motor skills development, the falling risks and participation in various physical activities. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of task-specific balance training in dual-task and single-task conditions on balance performance in children with DCD. Methods: Thirty-nine boys aged from 7 to 9 years with DCD were randomly assigned to 3 groups: dual-task training group (n = 13, mean age 8.59 ± 0.82 years), single-task training group (n = 13, mean age 8.61 ± 0.83 years) and control group without any intervention (n = 13, mean age 8.41 ± 0.86 years). Each session in the single-task or dual-task group continued for 45 minutes, three times per week for a duration of 8 weeks. The balance of all three groups was measured using the Stork Balance Stand Test and dynamic Y Balance Test in the pre-test, post-test (after 24 sessions), and follow-up phases (2 months after the intervention). Results: There was a significant difference between the dual-task and single-task training program in static and dynamic balance tests score during post-test. The dual-task program significantly improved the balance performance of children with DCD (p < .001). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present research, the dual-task training condition focusing on balance and cognitive tasks may improve the skills of children on performing static and dynamic balance significantly more than the single-task training.
{"title":"The effect of task-specific balance training program in dual-task and single-task conditions on balance performance in children with developmental coordination disorder","authors":"H. Jahanbakhsh, M. Sohrabi, A. Kakhki, E. Khodashenas","doi":"10.5507/ag.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among the main deficits in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), the underdeveloped balance is important because of the impact on motor skills development, the falling risks and participation in various physical activities. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of task-specific balance training in dual-task and single-task conditions on balance performance in children with DCD. Methods: Thirty-nine boys aged from 7 to 9 years with DCD were randomly assigned to 3 groups: dual-task training group (n = 13, mean age 8.59 ± 0.82 years), single-task training group (n = 13, mean age 8.61 ± 0.83 years) and control group without any intervention (n = 13, mean age 8.41 ± 0.86 years). Each session in the single-task or dual-task group continued for 45 minutes, three times per week for a duration of 8 weeks. The balance of all three groups was measured using the Stork Balance Stand Test and dynamic Y Balance Test in the pre-test, post-test (after 24 sessions), and follow-up phases (2 months after the intervention). Results: There was a significant difference between the dual-task and single-task training program in static and dynamic balance tests score during post-test. The dual-task program significantly improved the balance performance of children with DCD (p < .001). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present research, the dual-task training condition focusing on balance and cognitive tasks may improve the skills of children on performing static and dynamic balance significantly more than the single-task training.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46918833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-28327/v1
E. Sigmund, D. Sigmundová
Background The influence of parents on physical activity (PA) and body weight of their children is confirmed by scientific studies and accepted by the professional community. However, it is not known whether only children or those with siblings have a higher level of PA and healthier body weight. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess whether there are any differences in the daily step counts (SC) and the prevalence of obesity between only children and children with siblings, and whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental obesity influence obesity in children with and without siblings. Methods The analysis included 566 families (10.6%/89.4% with single child/two or more children) with complete data of family members on weight status and ambulatory PA monitored with a Yamax pedometer during regular school/work week during spring and autumn between 2013–2019. The cut-point values of the daily SC recommendation amounted to ≥ 13,000/≥11,000 steps/day for 5–12 years old sons/daughters and ≥ 10,000 steps/day for 12–16-year-old adolescents and adults. The Chi-Square (χ2) test series was used to compare the achievement of the daily SC recommendation and the prevalence of normal body weight, overweight and obesity between only children and those with siblings. Logistic regression models (Enter method) were used to investigate whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental obesity were associated with obesity in offspring in single-child families and families with more children. Results A significantly higher proportion of children with siblings (p < 0.01) achieved the recommended daily SC (51.8% vs. 31.7%) and showed a lower prevalence of overweight (16.2% vs. 20.0%) and obesity (7.1% vs. 20.0%) compared with only children. The achievement of the daily SC recommendation in children significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the odds ratio (OR) of obesity (OR = 0.22–0.34). Children with siblings had lower odds (OR = 0.41–0.54) of obesity than only children, but significantly (p < 0.05) only in mother-child dyads. Overweight/obesity of mothers significantly increased (p < 0.05) the odds of obesity (OR = 2.07) in their children. Conclusion Children from families with siblings have a higher amount of daily PA and healthier body weight than single-child families.
{"title":"Only children or siblings: Who has higher physical activity and healthier weight?","authors":"E. Sigmund, D. Sigmundová","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-28327/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-28327/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background\u0000\u0000The influence of parents on physical activity (PA) and body weight of their children is confirmed by scientific studies and accepted by the professional community. However, it is not known whether only children or those with siblings have a higher level of PA and healthier body weight. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess whether there are any differences in the daily step counts (SC) and the prevalence of obesity between only children and children with siblings, and whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental obesity influence obesity in children with and without siblings.\u0000Methods\u0000\u0000The analysis included 566 families (10.6%/89.4% with single child/two or more children) with complete data of family members on weight status and ambulatory PA monitored with a Yamax pedometer during regular school/work week during spring and autumn between 2013–2019. The cut-point values of the daily SC recommendation amounted to ≥ 13,000/≥11,000 steps/day for 5–12 years old sons/daughters and ≥ 10,000 steps/day for 12–16-year-old adolescents and adults. The Chi-Square (χ2) test series was used to compare the achievement of the daily SC recommendation and the prevalence of normal body weight, overweight and obesity between only children and those with siblings. Logistic regression models (Enter method) were used to investigate whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental obesity were associated with obesity in offspring in single-child families and families with more children.\u0000Results\u0000\u0000A significantly higher proportion of children with siblings (p < 0.01) achieved the recommended daily SC (51.8% vs. 31.7%) and showed a lower prevalence of overweight (16.2% vs. 20.0%) and obesity (7.1% vs. 20.0%) compared with only children. The achievement of the daily SC recommendation in children significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the odds ratio (OR) of obesity (OR = 0.22–0.34). Children with siblings had lower odds (OR = 0.41–0.54) of obesity than only children, but significantly (p < 0.05) only in mother-child dyads. Overweight/obesity of mothers significantly increased (p < 0.05) the odds of obesity (OR = 2.07) in their children.\u0000Conclusion\u0000\u0000Children from families with siblings have a higher amount of daily PA and healthier body weight than single-child families.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44188330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Absolute and relative information may have different roles during motor learning through observation.Objective: This study aimed to address the effect of observing different information on the learning of the basketball jump shot. Methods: For this purpose, 30 participants were included in the study and divided into three groups (Full Body, Arm, and Wrist) according to the information they observed. Full Body group observed information relating to all body parts, Arm group observed information relating to the throwing arm, and the Wrist group observed the information relating to the throwing wrist. All information was presented in the point light format. During data acquisition, participants performed 30 trials which were observed in the model 5 times before the first trial and once before the remaining trials. Twenty-four hours later, 10 trials were performed as a retention test. After retention, there was a re-acquisition period in which all groups observed full-body information in an order similar to the acquisition period and then performed 10 trials. Accuracy, visual search (eye fixations), and kinematics data (intra-limb coordination variability) were acquired. Results: No between-group difference existed in the accuracy measurement. Results of the kinematics data (intra-limb coordination) showed that Full Body and Arm groups performed more like the model than Wrist group. Visual search data showed that all groups were fixed more on the throwing arm than other parts of the body. Conclusions: These results showed that restricted relative information can be more useful for learning a throwing action.
{"title":"The effect of observing different information on learning the basketball jump shot","authors":"S. Rafiee, A. Dana","doi":"10.5507/ag.2019.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2019.015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Absolute and relative information may have different roles during motor learning through observation.Objective: This study aimed to address the effect of observing different information on the learning of the basketball jump shot. Methods: For this purpose, 30 participants were included in the study and divided into three groups (Full Body, Arm, and Wrist) according to the information they observed. Full Body group observed information relating to all body parts, Arm group observed information relating to the throwing arm, and the Wrist group observed the information relating to the throwing wrist. All information was presented in the point light format. During data acquisition, participants performed 30 trials which were observed in the model 5 times before the first trial and once before the remaining trials. Twenty-four hours later, 10 trials were performed as a retention test. After retention, there was a re-acquisition period in which all groups observed full-body information in an order similar to the acquisition period and then performed 10 trials. Accuracy, visual search (eye fixations), and kinematics data (intra-limb coordination variability) were acquired. Results: No between-group difference existed in the accuracy measurement. Results of the kinematics data (intra-limb coordination) showed that Full Body and Arm groups performed more like the model than Wrist group. Visual search data showed that all groups were fixed more on the throwing arm than other parts of the body. Conclusions: These results showed that restricted relative information can be more useful for learning a throwing action.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44357984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Vision is seen as an important factor in maintaining balance, but different visual conditions, such as following a cue or looking in one direction may increase or decrease body sway. Contradicting results in earlier studies focusing on visual control of posture show the same eye movements' conditions have a different impact on postural stability. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of different eye movements on standing balance performance. Methods: Thirty-two healthy students (age 22.8 ± 2.7 years) participated in the study. Participants were asked to follow a stationary dot and moving dots in horizontal and vertical directions in low and high frequencies while standing on a stabilometer - an unstable platform which allows movement in the frontal plane. Results: There was no impact of different saccadic speeds (p = .251, partial η2 =.044) nor different directions (p = .287, partial η2 = .039) on a postural sway in young adults. Conclusions: The postural stability is not influenced by visual stimuli in healthy young adults while maintaining balance on an unstable platform.
{"title":"The influence of saccadic eye movements on postural stability during standing on an unstable platform","authors":"M. Vagaja, L. Bizovska","doi":"10.5507/ag.2019.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2019.014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vision is seen as an important factor in maintaining balance, but different visual conditions, such as following a cue or looking in one direction may increase or decrease body sway. Contradicting results in earlier studies focusing on visual control of posture show the same eye movements' conditions have a different impact on postural stability. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of different eye movements on standing balance performance. Methods: Thirty-two healthy students (age 22.8 ± 2.7 years) participated in the study. Participants were asked to follow a stationary dot and moving dots in horizontal and vertical directions in low and high frequencies while standing on a stabilometer - an unstable platform which allows movement in the frontal plane. Results: There was no impact of different saccadic speeds (p = .251, partial η2 =.044) nor different directions (p = .287, partial η2 = .039) on a postural sway in young adults. Conclusions: The postural stability is not influenced by visual stimuli in healthy young adults while maintaining balance on an unstable platform.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45506222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Aerobics (AE) is an attractive type of aerobic exercise and can be considered as an appropriate intervention strategy for weight loss. However, results of clinical trials are not consistent due to high variability in relation to the type of AE and duration of intervention. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effect of AE on weight and fat mass loss in adult women. Methods: Of the total number of 243 studies, the final analysis included seven clinical trials with a pooled sample size of 242 females. Results: Although the results confirmed a significant overall effect on weight loss (-1.97 kg, 95% confidence interval [-3.72, -0.23], p = .03), an effect on fat mass loss was not confirmed (-2.62%, 95% confidence interval [-5.53, 0.29], p = .08). It was further observed that traditional AE and longer interventions have a greater effect on reducing body weight and fat mass compared with aqua AE and interventions shorter than 10 weeks. Conclusions: In conclusion, AE seems to be an effective intervention for weight loss in women, but the type of AE and the duration of the intervention should be considered.
{"title":"Effect of aerobics on weight and fat mass loss in adult women: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Petra Hiklová, A. Gába","doi":"10.5507/ag.2019.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2019.013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aerobics (AE) is an attractive type of aerobic exercise and can be considered as an appropriate intervention strategy for weight loss. However, results of clinical trials are not consistent due to high variability in relation to the type of AE and duration of intervention. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effect of AE on weight and fat mass loss in adult women. Methods: Of the total number of 243 studies, the final analysis included seven clinical trials with a pooled sample size of 242 females. Results: Although the results confirmed a significant overall effect on weight loss (-1.97 kg, 95% confidence interval [-3.72, -0.23], p = .03), an effect on fat mass loss was not confirmed (-2.62%, 95% confidence interval [-5.53, 0.29], p = .08). It was further observed that traditional AE and longer interventions have a greater effect on reducing body weight and fat mass compared with aqua AE and interventions shorter than 10 weeks. Conclusions: In conclusion, AE seems to be an effective intervention for weight loss in women, but the type of AE and the duration of the intervention should be considered.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Strniště, K. Hůlka, M. Lehnert, E. Maixnerová, R. Vařeková, Sarka Lazecka
Background: Basketball players are among the players with a great risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury due to the high-intensity manoeuvres which have been identified as very common factors preceding this injury. Objective: This study aimed to assess differences in leg stiffness and reactive strength throughout a competitive season in youth basketball players and to assess the effect of age and performance level on these variables. Methods: The research study involved a total of 48 male basketball players from the age group U14 and U16 played the first and second highest league in Czech Republic. Reactive strength index (RSI) and leg stiffness were measured at the beginning of the season, mid-season, and at the end of the season. Analysis of Variance for repeated measures was used to identify the influence of age, season phases, and levels of performance to monitored variables. Results: The results showed significant changes among season phases in RSI (F = 4.48, p = .014) and relative leg stiffness (F = 7.17, p = .002) in observed players, however significantly higher values at the end of the season than at its beginning were found in RSI only (p = .014). Differences between subgroups with different levels of performance were not significant in both categories as well as age differences. Conclusions: The current study did not point-out to significant changes among season phases in reactive strength and leg stiffness in adolescent basketball players. The study did not confirm that reactive strength and leg stiffness is gradually improving during adolescence and suggestion that level of performance positively influences reactive strength and leg stiffness was confirmed only in the case of reactive strength.
背景:由于高强度的运动，篮球运动员是前交叉韧带损伤的高危人群之一，而高强度的运动是导致前交叉韧带损伤的常见因素。目的:本研究旨在评估青少年篮球运动员在整个竞技赛季中腿部僵硬和反应性力量的差异，并评估年龄和表现水平对这些变量的影响。方法:选取捷克第一、第二职业篮球联赛U14、U16年龄段的48名男子篮球运动员为研究对象。在赛季开始、赛季中期和赛季结束时测量反应性强度指数(RSI)和腿部僵硬度。使用重复测量的方差分析来确定年龄、季节阶段和表现水平对监测变量的影响。结果:结果显示，观察到的球员的RSI (F = 4.48, p = 0.014)和相对腿刚度(F = 7.17, p = 0.002)在赛季阶段之间发生了显著变化，但只有RSI在赛季结束时的值明显高于赛季开始时的值(p = 0.014)。不同表现水平的亚组之间的差异在这两个类别以及年龄差异上都不显著。结论:目前的研究没有指出青少年篮球运动员的反应性力量和腿部僵硬在赛季阶段有显著的变化。该研究没有证实反应性力量和腿部僵硬度在青春期逐渐改善，并且表明表现水平对反应性力量和腿部僵硬度的积极影响仅在反应性力量的情况下得到证实。
{"title":"Neuromuscular control of the knee joint during basketball season in male youth players","authors":"M. Strniště, K. Hůlka, M. Lehnert, E. Maixnerová, R. Vařeková, Sarka Lazecka","doi":"10.5507/ag.2019.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2019.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Basketball players are among the players with a great risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury due to the high-intensity manoeuvres which have been identified as very common factors preceding this injury. Objective: This study aimed to assess differences in leg stiffness and reactive strength throughout a competitive season in youth basketball players and to assess the effect of age and performance level on these variables. Methods: The research study involved a total of 48 male basketball players from the age group U14 and U16 played the first and second highest league in Czech Republic. Reactive strength index (RSI) and leg stiffness were measured at the beginning of the season, mid-season, and at the end of the season. Analysis of Variance for repeated measures was used to identify the influence of age, season phases, and levels of performance to monitored variables. Results: The results showed significant changes among season phases in RSI (F = 4.48, p = .014) and relative leg stiffness (F = 7.17, p = .002) in observed players, however significantly higher values at the end of the season than at its beginning were found in RSI only (p = .014). Differences between subgroups with different levels of performance were not significant in both categories as well as age differences. Conclusions: The current study did not point-out to significant changes among season phases in reactive strength and leg stiffness in adolescent basketball players. The study did not confirm that reactive strength and leg stiffness is gradually improving during adolescence and suggestion that level of performance positively influences reactive strength and leg stiffness was confirmed only in the case of reactive strength.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44307267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vorlíček, T. Stewart, J. Dygrýn, L. Rubín, J. Mitáš, J. Schipperijn
Background: Physical activity (PA) is one of the major factors influencing human health. An important group of determinants are elements forming the built environment. For a proper understanding of relationships between the built environment and PA, we need to measure PA in space. Objective: This study aims to verify the accuracy of the Holux RCV-3000 GPS logger, which has not yet been validated in relation with PA. Methods: Two GPS receivers (Holux RCV-3000 and already validated Qstarz BT-Q1000XT) were tested during walking, running and cycling. A total of 1,908 GPS points were recorded by each device. For each trip, we calculated the percentage of points that fell within 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 m buffers, as well as the mean and median error. Results: Our results showed that 53.1% of all Holux and 45.1% of Qstarz GPS points fell within 2.5 m of the expected location, 90% (Holux) and 80% (Qstarz) fell within 10 m and the median error was 2.33 m and 3.15 m, respectively. Conclusions: The dynamic spatial accuracy of the tested Holux RCV-3000 was better than more expensive Qstarz device and can be considered as a valid instrument for assessing the spatial location of PA in future work.
{"title":"The comparison of Holux and Qstarz GPS receivers in free living conditions: Dynamic accuracy in different active transport modes","authors":"M. Vorlíček, T. Stewart, J. Dygrýn, L. Rubín, J. Mitáš, J. Schipperijn","doi":"10.5507/AG.2019.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2019.009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical activity (PA) is one of the major factors influencing human health. An important group of determinants are elements forming the built environment. For a proper understanding of relationships between the built environment and PA, we need to measure PA in space. Objective: This study aims to verify the accuracy of the Holux RCV-3000 GPS logger, which has not yet been validated in relation with PA. Methods: Two GPS receivers (Holux RCV-3000 and already validated Qstarz BT-Q1000XT) were tested during walking, running and cycling. A total of 1,908 GPS points were recorded by each device. For each trip, we calculated the percentage of points that fell within 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 m buffers, as well as the mean and median error. Results: Our results showed that 53.1% of all Holux and 45.1% of Qstarz GPS points fell within 2.5 m of the expected location, 90% (Holux) and 80% (Qstarz) fell within 10 m and the median error was 2.33 m and 3.15 m, respectively. Conclusions: The dynamic spatial accuracy of the tested Holux RCV-3000 was better than more expensive Qstarz device and can be considered as a valid instrument for assessing the spatial location of PA in future work.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48937589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In most daily activities, we are required to use both hands. In many motor skills like playing guitar, the left and right hand must perform asymmetric movements with different timing. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of learning in various asymmetrical bimanual tasks and to evaluate the transfer to tasks with converse hand movements. Methods: Thirty right-handed male students (age 21.5 ± 1.3 years) who had no motor disorders were divided into three groups. Participants of each group were trained for four days after a pretest. All participants performed asymmetrical bimanual drawing of a circle with each hand. Participants in the first group differed in terms of load in each hand, those in the second group differed in the speed of hand movement and those in the third group differed in the range of motion. The test was carried out in simultaneous bimanual movement both as practiced (learning acquisition test) and substitution of patterns between the two hands (transfer test). To analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was performed. Results: For the acquisition test, significant differences were found between the results of the pretest, the posttest, and the retention test across all three groups. In terms of the transfer test, the first group showed a significantly better performance than their performance on the acquisition (p = .001). No such differences were found between the performance of the second group on the two tests (p = .945). Finally, the third group performed significantly better on the transfer test than on the acquisition test. (p = .047). Conclusions: The present study found similar effects of motor learning on various asymmetrical bimanual motor tasks, but different inter-group performance on learning and transfer tasks.
{"title":"Evaluation of learning of asymmetrical bimanual tasks and transfer to converse pattern: Load, temporal and spatial asymmetry of hand movements","authors":"M. Doustan, M. Namazizadeh, M. Sheikh, N. Naghdi","doi":"10.5507/AG.2019.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2019.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In most daily activities, we are required to use both hands. In many motor skills like playing guitar, the left and right hand must perform asymmetric movements with different timing. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of learning in various asymmetrical bimanual tasks and to evaluate the transfer to tasks with converse hand movements. Methods: Thirty right-handed male students (age 21.5 ± 1.3 years) who had no motor disorders were divided into three groups. Participants of each group were trained for four days after a pretest. All participants performed asymmetrical bimanual drawing of a circle with each hand. Participants in the first group differed in terms of load in each hand, those in the second group differed in the speed of hand movement and those in the third group differed in the range of motion. The test was carried out in simultaneous bimanual movement both as practiced (learning acquisition test) and substitution of patterns between the two hands (transfer test). To analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was performed. Results: For the acquisition test, significant differences were found between the results of the pretest, the posttest, and the retention test across all three groups. In terms of the transfer test, the first group showed a significantly better performance than their performance on the acquisition (p = .001). No such differences were found between the performance of the second group on the two tests (p = .945). Finally, the third group performed significantly better on the transfer test than on the acquisition test. (p = .047). Conclusions: The present study found similar effects of motor learning on various asymmetrical bimanual motor tasks, but different inter-group performance on learning and transfer tasks.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sarvestan, Václav Riedel, Zuzana Gonosova, P. Linduška, M. Přidalová
Background: Throwing velocity is one of the determinant scoring elements in handball. However, our knowledge of anthropometric factors and shoulder muscle strength among female players and how these affect throwing velocity is limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationships between throwing velocity and the physical traits of anthropometric factors and shoulder muscle strength in female handball players. Methods: Nine elite female junior handball players (age 17.1 ± 1.7 years, body height 169.7 ± 3.8 cm, body mass 66.2 ± 6.8 kg, experience with handball 8.9 ± 1.7 years) participated in the study. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to detect correlations between throwing velocity and shoulder internal rotator torque, explosive strength deficit, and anthropometric parameters of the upper limb. Results: Our results showed significant correlations between throwing velocity and upper limb length (r = .82) and hand length (r = .68); however, no significant correlations were observed between throwing velocity and shoulder internal rotator peak torque, explosive strength deficit, lean body mass of upper limb, and other anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the lengths of the upper limb and hand are the two main elements that affect throwing velocity in female handball players; this could be employed in talent identification.
{"title":"Relationship between anthropometric and strength variables and maximal throwing velocity in female junior handball players - a pilot study","authors":"J. Sarvestan, Václav Riedel, Zuzana Gonosova, P. Linduška, M. Přidalová","doi":"10.5507/ag.2019.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2019.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Throwing velocity is one of the determinant scoring elements in handball. However, our knowledge of anthropometric factors and shoulder muscle strength among female players and how these affect throwing velocity is limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationships between throwing velocity and the physical traits of anthropometric factors and shoulder muscle strength in female handball players. Methods: Nine elite female junior handball players (age 17.1 ± 1.7 years, body height 169.7 ± 3.8 cm, body mass 66.2 ± 6.8 kg, experience with handball 8.9 ± 1.7 years) participated in the study. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to detect correlations between throwing velocity and shoulder internal rotator torque, explosive strength deficit, and anthropometric parameters of the upper limb. Results: Our results showed significant correlations between throwing velocity and upper limb length (r = .82) and hand length (r = .68); however, no significant correlations were observed between throwing velocity and shoulder internal rotator peak torque, explosive strength deficit, lean body mass of upper limb, and other anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the lengths of the upper limb and hand are the two main elements that affect throwing velocity in female handball players; this could be employed in talent identification.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48520148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gába, L. Rubín, E. Sigmund, P. Baďura, J. Dygrýn, M. Kudláček, D. Sigmundová, Eliška Materová, Z. Hamrik, A. Jakubec, A. Suchomel
Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits. However, the decreasing level of PA and increasing screen-time among Czech children and youth has been well documented in the last two decades. To build effective intervention and prevention programs, it is necessary to review all available sources of evidence. Objective: The aim is to summarize the results of the first Czech Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth based on a synthesis of the most recently available evidence. Methods: The Report Card included 10 indicators. To inform the indicator grades, a multi-level search strategy was used to find all relevant sources that provide published/unpublished data collected from 2013 through 2018. The data were synthesised, and a set of standardized benchmarks was used to assign grades. Final grades were assigned upon consensus of all members of the national research work group. Results: We retrieved 724 records from database searches and 81 records identified through other sources. A total of 40 records were identified as eligible for data extraction. Overall PA in Czech children and youth was observed to be insufficient to support fitness and health, with high rates of excessive screen-time and low numbers of children and youth spending time in unstructured/unorganized play. On the other hand, some grades indicated promising foundations to build on in future. They are represented, for instance, by a relatively high number of children and youth participating in organized sports and/or PA programs, or generally PA-friendly setting (e.g., family and peers, school, and built environment). Conclusions: There is ample evidence that Czech children and youth are insufficiently active, and the prevalence of physical inactivity and excessive screen-time has increased in both sexes during the last two decades. Thus, PA in childhood and adolescence should be promoted intensively and effective intervention and prevention programs are needed.
{"title":"Executive summary of the Czech Republic's 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth","authors":"A. Gába, L. Rubín, E. Sigmund, P. Baďura, J. Dygrýn, M. Kudláček, D. Sigmundová, Eliška Materová, Z. Hamrik, A. Jakubec, A. Suchomel","doi":"10.5507/AG.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits. However, the decreasing level of PA and increasing screen-time among Czech children and youth has been well documented in the last two decades. To build effective intervention and prevention programs, it is necessary to review all available sources of evidence. Objective: The aim is to summarize the results of the first Czech Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth based on a synthesis of the most recently available evidence. Methods: The Report Card included 10 indicators. To inform the indicator grades, a multi-level search strategy was used to find all relevant sources that provide published/unpublished data collected from 2013 through 2018. The data were synthesised, and a set of standardized benchmarks was used to assign grades. Final grades were assigned upon consensus of all members of the national research work group. Results: We retrieved 724 records from database searches and 81 records identified through other sources. A total of 40 records were identified as eligible for data extraction. Overall PA in Czech children and youth was observed to be insufficient to support fitness and health, with high rates of excessive screen-time and low numbers of children and youth spending time in unstructured/unorganized play. On the other hand, some grades indicated promising foundations to build on in future. They are represented, for instance, by a relatively high number of children and youth participating in organized sports and/or PA programs, or generally PA-friendly setting (e.g., family and peers, school, and built environment). Conclusions: There is ample evidence that Czech children and youth are insufficiently active, and the prevalence of physical inactivity and excessive screen-time has increased in both sexes during the last two decades. Thus, PA in childhood and adolescence should be promoted intensively and effective intervention and prevention programs are needed.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42225384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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