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The effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump 任务相关和任务无关的注意提示和技术水平对立定跳远成绩和膝关节运动的影响
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2018-10-16 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.015
A. Asadi, E. Saemi, M. Sheikh, Mehdi Takhtaei
Background: Attention is one of the brain's most crucial cognitive functions playing a key role in performing motor skills. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump. Methods: Fifteen skilled (volleyball and basketball players) and fifteen novices (aged 19 to 27 years) were recruited. The task was the standing long jump test which was executed 9 times under 3 conditions (3 trials per condition). Participants in the control condition did not receive any attentional instruction. In task-relevant attentional cues condition, participants were instructed to focus on their ongoing skill and avoid paying attention to matters unrelated to the task. In task-irrelevant attentional cues condition, participants were instructed to focus on sound and after each jump expressed what had been the musical content. Kinematic data of knee joint was recorded by an 8-camera motion analysis system. Results: The result of mixed ANOVA showed that both novice and skilled groups had significantly greater jump distance and smaller initial knee angle in task-irrelevant attentional cues condition compared to task-relevant attentional cues condition (p = .001) and control condition (p = .001). There were no significant differences between the control and task-relevant attentional cues condition (p > .05). Conclusions: The result showed that focusing attention on task-irrelevant attentional cues improves standing long jump performance of both novice and skilled jumpers.
背景:注意力是大脑最重要的认知功能之一,在运动技能的发挥中起着关键作用。目的:探讨与任务相关和与任务无关的注意线索和技能水平对立定跳远成绩和膝关节运动学的影响。方法:招募15名技术熟练(排球和篮球运动员)和15名新手(年龄19至27岁)。该任务是站立跳远测试,在3种条件下进行9次(每种条件进行3次试验)。处于对照状态的参与者没有接受任何注意指导。在与任务相关的注意力线索条件下,参与者被要求专注于他们正在进行的技能,避免关注与任务无关的事情。在与任务无关的注意力线索条件下,参与者被要求专注于声音,并在每次跳跃后表达音乐内容。膝关节运动数据采用8摄像机运动分析系统进行记录。结果:混合方差分析结果显示,与任务相关的注意线索条件(p=0.001)和对照组(p=0.001结论:研究结果表明,将注意力集中在与任务无关的注意力线索上,可以提高新手和熟练跳高运动员的站立跳远成绩。
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引用次数: 1
Self-confidence, commitment and goal-setting in Czech athletes at different performance levels 捷克运动员在不同表现水平上的自信、承诺和目标设定
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2018-10-16 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.018
M. Vičar
Background: Numerous studies rank self-confidence, commitment and goal-setting among the foundation mental skills in athletes, conditioning the development of elite performance and also contributing to achieving first rate results during competition. Their quality is, therefore, essential for top performance. Objective: The goal of this study is a comparison of self-confidence, commitment and goal-setting in Czech athletes performing at different performance levels. The secondary aim is to compare the values gathered in Canadian and Czech populations. Methods: The Czech version of the OMSAT-3* questionnaire was distributed to 241 athletes at regional (n = 63), national (n = 115) and international levels (n = 63). Only the part of the questionnaire focusing on the selected mental skills (3 out of 12 scales) was used. Subsequently, the data were compared with the Canadian population (N = 335) used for standardization of the original questionnaire. Results: The values among Czech athletes manifest that the differences in mean values is statistically significant in all mental skills (goal-setting p = .03, self-confidence p < .01, commitment p = .03). Differences among groups dependent on the current level of performance are significantly higher in goal-setting (p = .05, d = 0.46) self-confidence (p < .01, d = 0.63), and commitment (p < .01, d = 0.55) of athletes at international level compared to regional level and in self-confidence (p < .01, d = 0.46) and commitment (p < .01, d = 0.49) of athletes at national level compared to regional level. There is no significant difference among national and international athletes. Canadian respondents show statistically significant higher mean values than Czech athletes in all selected mental skills. Conclusions: The level of self-confidence, goal-setting, and commitment in Czech athletes differs according to performance level. Czech athletes show lower values in all mental skills considered compared to the Canadian sample.
背景:许多研究将自信、承诺和目标设定列为运动员的基础心理技能,这些技能制约了精英表现的发展,也有助于在比赛中取得一流的成绩。因此,它们的质量对于最高性能至关重要。目的:本研究的目的是比较捷克运动员在不同表现水平下的自信、承诺和目标设定。第二个目的是比较在加拿大和捷克人口中收集的数值。方法:将捷克版OMSAT-3*问卷分发给241名地区(n=63)、国家(n=115)和国际(n=63。只使用了问卷中关注所选心理技能的部分(12个量表中的3个)。随后,将数据与用于原始问卷标准化的加拿大人口(N=335)进行比较。结果:捷克运动员的平均值表明,在所有心理技能方面的平均值差异具有统计学意义(目标设定p=.03,自信p<.01,承诺p=0.03)。依赖于当前表现水平的组之间的差异在目标设定(p=.05,d=0.46)、自信心(p<.01、d=0.63)、,国际级运动员与地区级运动员的自信心(p<0.01,d=0.46)和承诺(p<0.01,d=0.49)。国内和国际运动员之间没有显著差异。在所有选定的心理技能方面,加拿大受访者的平均值均高于捷克运动员。结论:捷克运动员的自信心、目标设定和承诺水平因表现水平而异。与加拿大样本相比,捷克运动员在所有心理技能方面的得分都较低。
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引用次数: 3
Attitudes of Czech pupils who are deaf or hard of hearing towards physical education classes: A comparison of gender differences 捷克聋哑或重听学生对体育课的态度:性别差异的比较
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2018.008
Petra Kurková
Background: Physical education is an organised form of physical activity and can be viewed as an interaction between the ideas of difficulty and importance that are gradually developed by both the teacher and the pupil. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse differences in pupils' attitudes by gender in the second stage of primary schools for the deaf or hard of hearing in physical education classes. Methods: Participants were 86 pupils who are deaf or hard of hearing (boys, n = 56; 65.1%; girls, n = 30; 34.9%). The mean age and standard deviation was 14.3 ± 1.4 years. The data were described using absolute and relative frequencies, including the mean and standard deviation. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences between two independent groups (boys versus girls). For calculation of effect size coefficient abs(r) was used. All tests were performed at a level of α = .05. Results: In physical education classes, statistically significant differences were found in the effort made, with boys making more effort in physical education classes than girls (Z = -2.048; p = .041; abs(r) = .221). For the other indicators under review, no differences were found. Conclusion: Both boys and girls consider physical education to be their favourite subject, it makes them feel good, and there are no major differences in their emotional response. However, boys make much more effort in physical education classes.
背景:体育教育是一种有组织的体育活动形式,可以被看作是教师和学生逐渐形成的难度和重要性观念之间的相互作用。目的:本研究的目的是分析聋哑或听障小学第二阶段体育课学生的性别态度差异。方法:研究对象为86名失聪或重听小学生(男生56名;65.1%;女孩,n = 30;34.9%)。平均年龄和标准差为14.3±1.4岁。使用绝对频率和相对频率来描述数据,包括平均值和标准差。使用非参数Mann-Whitney u检验来评估两个独立组(男孩与女孩)之间的差异。计算效应大小系数采用abs(r)。所有试验均以α = 0.05的水平进行。结果:在体育课上,男生在努力程度上的差异有统计学意义,男生在努力程度上高于女生(Z = -2.048;P = 0.041;Abs (r) = .221)。对于审查中的其他指标,没有发现差异。结论:男孩和女孩都认为体育是他们最喜欢的科目,它使他们感觉良好,他们的情绪反应没有重大差异。然而,男孩在体育课上更努力。
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引用次数: 3
Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on circulating irisin and myostatin in untrained women 有氧训练、阻力训练或两者对未训练女性循环鸢尾素和肌肉生长抑制素的影响
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2018.007
R. Shabani, F. Izaddoust
Background: Scientific literature suggests that different types of training can have different effects on secretion of irisin and myostatin.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise training (RET), aerobic exercise training (AET) and concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training (CET) on serum irisin and myostatin in untrained women.Methods: Thirty-five non-obese, untrained women were randomly assigned to control (n = 6, age 25.50 ± 4.80 years), RET (n = 10, age 24.60 ± 2.45 years), AET (n = 9, age 24.66 ± 2.29 years) or CET (n = 10, age 26.60 ± 4.00 years) groups. Subjects in training groups trained for 8 weeks, three times per week. The levels of serum irisin, myostatin were measured before and after the training period. Results: It was found that the CET group had significantly reduced serum irisin (p = .028) and myostatin (p = .005) concentrations. The myostatin concentration was also significantly decreased in the RET group (p = .008). Conclusion: CET, AET or RET were not effective for improving (increase) irisin circulating level. In addition, RET and CET were more effective than AET in reducing circulating myostatin levels.
背景:科学文献表明,不同类型的训练对鸢尾素和肌肉生长抑制素的分泌有不同的影响。目的:本研究的目的是确定阻力运动训练(RET)、有氧运动训练(AET)和同步(有氧+阻力)运动训练(CET)对未训练女性血清鸢尾素和肌肉生长抑制素的影响。方法:35非肥胖,未经训练的妇女被随机分配控制(25.50 n = 6、年龄 ± 4.80年),受潮湿腐烂(24.60 n = 10、年龄 ± 2.45年),让(24.66 n = 9、年龄 ± 2.29年)或CET(中央东部东京)(26.60 n = 10、年龄 ± 4.00年)组。训练组训练8周,每周三次。训练前后测定血清鸢尾素、肌肉生长抑制素水平。结果:CET组血清鸢尾素(p = .028)和肌肉生长抑制素(p = .005)浓度显著降低。RET组肌生长抑制素浓度也显著降低(p = .008)。结论:CET、AET、RET对改善(增加)鸢尾素循环水平均无明显作用。此外,RET和CET在降低循环肌生成抑制素水平方面比AET更有效。
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引用次数: 14
Cognitive function of young male tennis players and non-athletes 青年男子网球运动员与非运动员的认知功能
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2018.011
P. Pačesová, Pavel Šmela, Stanislav Kraček, Klaudia Kukurova, L. Plevková
Background: Cognitive functions can be defined as the ability of individuals to participate, recognize and plan responses to external and internal impulses. We can define attention as the active focus of our consciousness and the ability to concentrate mental functions on a certain activity. In competitive tennis, attention, especially conscious attention which is controlled by cognitive and volitional processes plays a significant role. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess differences in cognitive functions between tennis players and non-athletic adolescents. Methods: The research sample consisted of 98 subjects: 44 tennis players (age 18.11 ± 1.35 years) and 54 nonathletic adolescents (age 18.04 ± 1.33 years). The level of cognitive functions was investigated using the standardized neuropsychological cognitive Stroop test. Results: The tennis players had higher cognitive function scores compared to the non-athletes in two of the three segments of the Stroop test. There was no significant difference between the groups in the simplest segment of the Stroop test (segment T). However, a significant difference (p = .028; d = 0.45) was found between the tennis players and non-athletes in segment S of the Stroop test and in segment B, the most difficult segment of the test, the difference between research groups was also significant (p = .002; d = 0.63). Conclusion: Based on acquired data, we can see a difference between athletes and non-athletes in cognitive functions such as cognition inhibitory control, concentration of attention, conscious and selective attention. However, the differences have only been demonstrated in moderate difficulty and most difficulty segment, in the simplest segment we have not found difference between athletes and non-athletes.
背景:认知功能可以定义为个体参与、识别和计划对外部和内部冲动的反应的能力。我们可以将注意力定义为我们意识的活跃焦点,以及将心理功能集中在某一活动上的能力。在竞技网球中,注意力,特别是受认知和意志过程控制的有意识注意力起着重要作用。目的:本研究旨在评估网球运动员和非运动青少年在认知功能方面的差异。方法:研究样本包括98名受试者:44名网球运动员(年龄18.11±1.35岁)和54名非体育青少年(年龄18.04±1.33岁)。使用标准化的神经心理学认知Stroop测试来调查认知功能水平。结果:在Stroop测试的三个部分中,有两个部分网球运动员的认知功能得分高于非运动员。在Stroop测试的最简单部分(T部分),两组之间没有显著差异。然而,在Stroop测试的S段和测试中最困难的B段,网球运动员和非运动员之间存在显著差异(p=0.028;d=0.45),研究组之间的差异也很显著(p=0.002;d=0.63)。结论:根据获得的数据,我们可以看到运动员和非运动员在认知抑制控制、注意力集中、意识注意和选择性注意等认知功能上的差异。然而,这种差异只在中等难度和最困难的部分得到了证明,在最简单的部分,我们没有发现运动员和非运动员之间的差异。
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引用次数: 13
Psychometric properties of the qualitative assessment of manual dexterity in the MABC-2 test MABC-2测试中手工灵巧性定性评价的心理测量学特征
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.009
R. Psotta, Dominika PechovĂĄ, J. Kraus
Background: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children Test, 2nd edition (MABC-2 test) is a widely accepted standardized method for the assessment of motor competency and identification of developmental coordination disorder in children. However, there are no information on psychometric qualities of the qualitative part of the test.Objective: To reveal possible limitations of the qualitative assessment of the MABC-2 test tasks of the age band 2 (7-10 years), we examined the inter- and intra-rater reliability and construct (known-groups) validity, specifically for observation of the manual dexterity (MD) tasks. Methods: The MD tasks of the MABC-2 executed by children with and without motor difficulties in manual dexterity (MD- and MD+; N = 6) were recorded by a video camera. A group of investigators (N = 9) performed qualitative observational assessment of children's movements from video recordings, in two observation sessions apart by four weeks (time 1, time 2). Results: The statistical tests rejected the hypothesis on significant inter-rater reliability in the number of marked signs in the MD tasks. Regarding the intra-rater reliability, the number of marked signs in the MD tasks was not significantly different between observation in time 1 and time 2 in all investigators. 95% agreement limits for the number of marked movement signs in the two repeated observations ranged from Mdiff ± 0.73 up to Mdiff ± 2.63 signs. A good construct validity of the qualitative assessment of movements in the MD tasks was indicated by significantly higher number of movement signs marked in the MD- children as compared to the MD+ children, with exception of the graphomotor task. Conclusions: The qualitative assessment within the MABC-2 test is a useful tool for the identification of manual dexterity impairment and weaker aspects of hand-eye coordination. However, the qualitative observational assessment of the MABC-2 tasks demands specific training of users.
背景:第2版儿童运动评估测试(MABC-2)是一种被广泛接受的儿童运动能力评估和发育协调障碍鉴定的标准化方法。然而,没有关于测试的定性部分的心理测量质量的信息。目的:为了揭示2年龄段(7-10岁)的MABC-2测试任务定性评估可能存在的局限性,我们检查了评估对象间和评估对象内的信度和结构(已知组)效度,特别是对手灵巧(MD)任务的观察。方法:手灵巧性运动困难儿童(MD-型和MD+型)和非运动困难儿童(MD-型和MD+型)执行MABC-2的MD任务;N = 6),用摄像机记录。一组调查人员(N = 9)通过录像对儿童的动作进行了定性观察评估,两次观察间隔四周(时间1和时间2)。结果:统计检验拒绝了在MD任务中标记符号数量上显着的评分间信度的假设。在量表内信度方面,所有调查人员在时间1和时间2的观察中,MD任务中标记符号的数量没有显著差异。两次重复观察中标记运动标志数量的95%一致限范围为Mdiff±0.73至Mdiff±2.63个标志。与MD+儿童相比,MD-儿童在MD任务中标记的运动迹象数量显著增加,这表明MD任务中运动定性评估的结构效度良好,但笔迹运动任务除外。结论:MABC-2测试中的定性评估是识别手灵巧性障碍和手眼协调能力较弱方面的有效工具。然而,MABC-2任务的定性观察性评估需要对使用者进行具体培训。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of locally applied vibration on pain reduction in patients with chronic low back pain: A pilot study 局部应用振动对慢性腰痛患者疼痛减轻的影响:一项初步研究
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.010
Hana Bednarikova, D. Smékal, Pavlina Krejcirikova, I. Hanzlíková
Background: Locally applied vibration has been recently proposed as a treatment for pain relief. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of specific vibration therapy using the Redcord Stimula device on reduction of pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: The study included 14 subjects aged 16-59 years. Pain was assessed at the baseline and after the therapy using the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire as well as with Oswestry Disability Index, pressure pain thresholds were recorded by a mechanical algometer. All subjects received 8 therapy sessions, each session consisting of 7 proprioceptive exercises adapted for use in the Redcord suspension system with the Redcord Stimula device. Results: After completing the therapy, a statistically significant reduction in the pain score was recorded in both questionnaires. The average values decreased by 8.8% (p = .001) in the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and by 7.6% (p = .001) in the Oswestry Disability Index. Pain thresholds measured by an algometer showed statistically significant increase in 3 of 5 measured sites. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that locally applied vibration may be a viable option for treatment of chronic pain.
背景:局部应用振动最近被提出作为一种治疗疼痛缓解。目的:本研究的目的是评估特定振动疗法使用的记录刺激装置对减轻慢性腰痛患者疼痛的效果。方法:研究对象14例,年龄16 ~ 59岁。在基线和治疗后使用短格式McGill疼痛问卷以及Oswestry残疾指数评估疼痛,用机械疼痛计记录压力疼痛阈值。所有受试者接受8个疗程的治疗,每个疗程包括7个本体感觉练习,适用于Redcord悬挂系统和Redcord刺激装置。结果:完成治疗后,两份问卷均记录疼痛评分有统计学意义的降低。短形式McGill疼痛问卷的平均值下降了8.8% (p = 0.001), Oswestry残疾指数的平均值下降了7.6% (p = 0.001)。疼痛阈值测量的algometer显示统计学显著增加3个5个测量部位。结论:本研究结果提示局部施加振动可能是治疗慢性疼痛的可行选择。
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引用次数: 0
Dyadic partnership in the context of joint physical activity in subjects participating in dance 参与舞蹈的主体在联合身体活动背景下的二元伙伴关系
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2018.012
Jana Harvanová, Dana Štěrbová
Background: The research of interpersonal behaviour associated with physical activity is limited on relationship of coaches and athletes. Thus, studies focused on dyadic partnership in association with joint physical activities seem to be desirable. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess differences between men's and women's own and their partner's interpersonal style and satisfaction with joint physical activities and to assess the relationship between an individual interpersonal style, complementarity or similarity of interpersonal behaviour in a dyadic partnership. Methods: The research sample consists of adult couples pursuing sport dance for at least three years (22 men, age 47.50 ± 8.24 years; 22 women, age 45.27 ± 8.35 years). The measurement was performed by means of the Interpersonal check list and Physical activity satisfaction questionnaire. Differences between men and women were assessed by a t-test for two independent samples. The relationship between interpersonal assessment and satisfaction with joint physical activity was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. In addition, the data were subjected to a cluster analysis with the aim to obtain findings which are not represented by an individual but by a pair. Results: Women who are more satisfied with themselves in the context of joint physical activity are assessed by their partners as dominant (r = .602, p = .003) and also perceive their partners as little dominant (r = -.561, p = .007). Conclusion: Men and women assess their own personality in a similar way in terms of dominance and submission. The main difference between men and women is in the assessment of each other. Women in a dominant position in a relationship are less satisfied with their partner in the area of joint physical activity compared with women in a submissive position.
背景:体育活动人际行为的研究主要局限于教练员与运动员之间的关系。因此,关注与联合体育活动相关的二元伙伴关系的研究似乎是可取的。目的:本研究的目的是评估男性和女性自己及其伴侣的人际关系风格和对共同体育活动的满意度之间的差异,并评估在二元伙伴关系中个人人际关系风格与人际行为的互补性或相似性之间的关系。方法:研究样本为从事体育舞蹈三年以上的成年夫妇(男性22例,年龄47.50±8.24岁;女性22例,年龄45.27±8.35岁)。采用人际关系量表和体育活动满意度问卷进行测量。通过两个独立样本的t检验来评估男性和女性之间的差异。采用Pearson相关系数评价人际评价与关节活动满意度的关系。此外,数据进行了聚类分析,目的是获得的结果不是由一个人,而是由一对代表。结果:在联合体育活动中对自己更满意的女性被她们的伴侣评价为优势(r = .602, p = .003),同时也认为她们的伴侣没有优势(r = -)。561, p = .007)。结论:男性和女性在支配和服从方面对自己性格的评价是相似的。男女之间的主要区别在于对彼此的评价。在一段关系中处于主导地位的女性与处于从属地位的女性相比,在联合运动方面对伴侣的满意度较低。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Gymnica
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