P. Pačesová, Pavel Šmela, Stanislav Kraček, Klaudia Kukurova, L. Plevková
Background: Cognitive functions can be defined as the ability of individuals to participate, recognize and plan responses to external and internal impulses. We can define attention as the active focus of our consciousness and the ability to concentrate mental functions on a certain activity. In competitive tennis, attention, especially conscious attention which is controlled by cognitive and volitional processes plays a significant role. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess differences in cognitive functions between tennis players and non-athletic adolescents. Methods: The research sample consisted of 98 subjects: 44 tennis players (age 18.11 ± 1.35 years) and 54 nonathletic adolescents (age 18.04 ± 1.33 years). The level of cognitive functions was investigated using the standardized neuropsychological cognitive Stroop test. Results: The tennis players had higher cognitive function scores compared to the non-athletes in two of the three segments of the Stroop test. There was no significant difference between the groups in the simplest segment of the Stroop test (segment T). However, a significant difference (p = .028; d = 0.45) was found between the tennis players and non-athletes in segment S of the Stroop test and in segment B, the most difficult segment of the test, the difference between research groups was also significant (p = .002; d = 0.63). Conclusion: Based on acquired data, we can see a difference between athletes and non-athletes in cognitive functions such as cognition inhibitory control, concentration of attention, conscious and selective attention. However, the differences have only been demonstrated in moderate difficulty and most difficulty segment, in the simplest segment we have not found difference between athletes and non-athletes.
{"title":"Cognitive function of young male tennis players and non-athletes","authors":"P. Pačesová, Pavel Šmela, Stanislav Kraček, Klaudia Kukurova, L. Plevková","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cognitive functions can be defined as the ability of individuals to participate, recognize and plan responses to external and internal impulses. We can define attention as the active focus of our consciousness and the ability to concentrate mental functions on a certain activity. In competitive tennis, attention, especially conscious attention which is controlled by cognitive and volitional processes plays a significant role. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess differences in cognitive functions between tennis players and non-athletic adolescents. Methods: The research sample consisted of 98 subjects: 44 tennis players (age 18.11 ± 1.35 years) and 54 nonathletic adolescents (age 18.04 ± 1.33 years). The level of cognitive functions was investigated using the standardized neuropsychological cognitive Stroop test. Results: The tennis players had higher cognitive function scores compared to the non-athletes in two of the three segments of the Stroop test. There was no significant difference between the groups in the simplest segment of the Stroop test (segment T). However, a significant difference (p = .028; d = 0.45) was found between the tennis players and non-athletes in segment S of the Stroop test and in segment B, the most difficult segment of the test, the difference between research groups was also significant (p = .002; d = 0.63). Conclusion: Based on acquired data, we can see a difference between athletes and non-athletes in cognitive functions such as cognition inhibitory control, concentration of attention, conscious and selective attention. However, the differences have only been demonstrated in moderate difficulty and most difficulty segment, in the simplest segment we have not found difference between athletes and non-athletes.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Scientific literature suggests that different types of training can have different effects on secretion of irisin and myostatin.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise training (RET), aerobic exercise training (AET) and concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training (CET) on serum irisin and myostatin in untrained women.Methods: Thirty-five non-obese, untrained women were randomly assigned to control (n = 6, age 25.50 ± 4.80 years), RET (n = 10, age 24.60 ± 2.45 years), AET (n = 9, age 24.66 ± 2.29 years) or CET (n = 10, age 26.60 ± 4.00 years) groups. Subjects in training groups trained for 8 weeks, three times per week. The levels of serum irisin, myostatin were measured before and after the training period. Results: It was found that the CET group had significantly reduced serum irisin (p = .028) and myostatin (p = .005) concentrations. The myostatin concentration was also significantly decreased in the RET group (p = .008). Conclusion: CET, AET or RET were not effective for improving (increase) irisin circulating level. In addition, RET and CET were more effective than AET in reducing circulating myostatin levels.
背景:科学文献表明，不同类型的训练对鸢尾素和肌肉生长抑制素的分泌有不同的影响。目的:本研究的目的是确定阻力运动训练(RET)、有氧运动训练(AET)和同步(有氧+阻力)运动训练(CET)对未训练女性血清鸢尾素和肌肉生长抑制素的影响。方法:35非肥胖,未经训练的妇女被随机分配控制(25.50 n = 6、年龄 ± 4.80年),受潮湿腐烂(24.60 n = 10、年龄 ± 2.45年),让(24.66 n = 9、年龄 ± 2.29年)或CET(中央东部东京)(26.60 n = 10、年龄 ± 4.00年)组。训练组训练8周，每周三次。训练前后测定血清鸢尾素、肌肉生长抑制素水平。结果:CET组血清鸢尾素(p = .028)和肌肉生长抑制素(p = .005)浓度显著降低。RET组肌生长抑制素浓度也显著降低(p = .008)。结论:CET、AET、RET对改善(增加)鸢尾素循环水平均无明显作用。此外，RET和CET在降低循环肌生成抑制素水平方面比AET更有效。
{"title":"Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on circulating irisin and myostatin in untrained women","authors":"R. Shabani, F. Izaddoust","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Scientific literature suggests that different types of training can have different effects on secretion of irisin and myostatin.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise training (RET), aerobic exercise training (AET) and concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training (CET) on serum irisin and myostatin in untrained women.Methods: Thirty-five non-obese, untrained women were randomly assigned to control (n = 6, age 25.50 ± 4.80 years), RET (n = 10, age 24.60 ± 2.45 years), AET (n = 9, age 24.66 ± 2.29 years) or CET (n = 10, age 26.60 ± 4.00 years) groups. Subjects in training groups trained for 8 weeks, three times per week. The levels of serum irisin, myostatin were measured before and after the training period. Results: It was found that the CET group had significantly reduced serum irisin (p = .028) and myostatin (p = .005) concentrations. The myostatin concentration was also significantly decreased in the RET group (p = .008). Conclusion: CET, AET or RET were not effective for improving (increase) irisin circulating level. In addition, RET and CET were more effective than AET in reducing circulating myostatin levels.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43184765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children Test, 2nd edition (MABC-2 test) is a widely accepted standardized method for the assessment of motor competency and identification of developmental coordination disorder in children. However, there are no information on psychometric qualities of the qualitative part of the test.Objective: To reveal possible limitations of the qualitative assessment of the MABC-2 test tasks of the age band 2 (7-10 years), we examined the inter- and intra-rater reliability and construct (known-groups) validity, specifically for observation of the manual dexterity (MD) tasks. Methods: The MD tasks of the MABC-2 executed by children with and without motor difficulties in manual dexterity (MD- and MD+; N = 6) were recorded by a video camera. A group of investigators (N = 9) performed qualitative observational assessment of children's movements from video recordings, in two observation sessions apart by four weeks (time 1, time 2). Results: The statistical tests rejected the hypothesis on significant inter-rater reliability in the number of marked signs in the MD tasks. Regarding the intra-rater reliability, the number of marked signs in the MD tasks was not significantly different between observation in time 1 and time 2 in all investigators. 95% agreement limits for the number of marked movement signs in the two repeated observations ranged from Mdiff ± 0.73 up to Mdiff ± 2.63 signs. A good construct validity of the qualitative assessment of movements in the MD tasks was indicated by significantly higher number of movement signs marked in the MD- children as compared to the MD+ children, with exception of the graphomotor task. Conclusions: The qualitative assessment within the MABC-2 test is a useful tool for the identification of manual dexterity impairment and weaker aspects of hand-eye coordination. However, the qualitative observational assessment of the MABC-2 tasks demands specific training of users.
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the qualitative assessment of manual dexterity in the MABC-2 test","authors":"R. Psotta, Dominika PechovĂĄ, J. Kraus","doi":"10.5507/ag.2018.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2018.009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children Test, 2nd edition (MABC-2 test) is a widely accepted standardized method for the assessment of motor competency and identification of developmental coordination disorder in children. However, there are no information on psychometric qualities of the qualitative part of the test.Objective: To reveal possible limitations of the qualitative assessment of the MABC-2 test tasks of the age band 2 (7-10 years), we examined the inter- and intra-rater reliability and construct (known-groups) validity, specifically for observation of the manual dexterity (MD) tasks. Methods: The MD tasks of the MABC-2 executed by children with and without motor difficulties in manual dexterity (MD- and MD+; N = 6) were recorded by a video camera. A group of investigators (N = 9) performed qualitative observational assessment of children's movements from video recordings, in two observation sessions apart by four weeks (time 1, time 2). Results: The statistical tests rejected the hypothesis on significant inter-rater reliability in the number of marked signs in the MD tasks. Regarding the intra-rater reliability, the number of marked signs in the MD tasks was not significantly different between observation in time 1 and time 2 in all investigators. 95% agreement limits for the number of marked movement signs in the two repeated observations ranged from Mdiff ± 0.73 up to Mdiff ± 2.63 signs. A good construct validity of the qualitative assessment of movements in the MD tasks was indicated by significantly higher number of movement signs marked in the MD- children as compared to the MD+ children, with exception of the graphomotor task. Conclusions: The qualitative assessment within the MABC-2 test is a useful tool for the identification of manual dexterity impairment and weaker aspects of hand-eye coordination. However, the qualitative observational assessment of the MABC-2 tasks demands specific training of users.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42659017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hana Bednarikova, D. Smékal, Pavlina Krejcirikova, I. Hanzlíková
Background: Locally applied vibration has been recently proposed as a treatment for pain relief. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of specific vibration therapy using the Redcord Stimula device on reduction of pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: The study included 14 subjects aged 16-59 years. Pain was assessed at the baseline and after the therapy using the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire as well as with Oswestry Disability Index, pressure pain thresholds were recorded by a mechanical algometer. All subjects received 8 therapy sessions, each session consisting of 7 proprioceptive exercises adapted for use in the Redcord suspension system with the Redcord Stimula device. Results: After completing the therapy, a statistically significant reduction in the pain score was recorded in both questionnaires. The average values decreased by 8.8% (p = .001) in the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and by 7.6% (p = .001) in the Oswestry Disability Index. Pain thresholds measured by an algometer showed statistically significant increase in 3 of 5 measured sites. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that locally applied vibration may be a viable option for treatment of chronic pain.
{"title":"Effect of locally applied vibration on pain reduction in patients with chronic low back pain: A pilot study","authors":"Hana Bednarikova, D. Smékal, Pavlina Krejcirikova, I. Hanzlíková","doi":"10.5507/ag.2018.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2018.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Locally applied vibration has been recently proposed as a treatment for pain relief. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of specific vibration therapy using the Redcord Stimula device on reduction of pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: The study included 14 subjects aged 16-59 years. Pain was assessed at the baseline and after the therapy using the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire as well as with Oswestry Disability Index, pressure pain thresholds were recorded by a mechanical algometer. All subjects received 8 therapy sessions, each session consisting of 7 proprioceptive exercises adapted for use in the Redcord suspension system with the Redcord Stimula device. Results: After completing the therapy, a statistically significant reduction in the pain score was recorded in both questionnaires. The average values decreased by 8.8% (p = .001) in the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and by 7.6% (p = .001) in the Oswestry Disability Index. Pain thresholds measured by an algometer showed statistically significant increase in 3 of 5 measured sites. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that locally applied vibration may be a viable option for treatment of chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The research of interpersonal behaviour associated with physical activity is limited on relationship of coaches and athletes. Thus, studies focused on dyadic partnership in association with joint physical activities seem to be desirable. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess differences between men's and women's own and their partner's interpersonal style and satisfaction with joint physical activities and to assess the relationship between an individual interpersonal style, complementarity or similarity of interpersonal behaviour in a dyadic partnership. Methods: The research sample consists of adult couples pursuing sport dance for at least three years (22 men, age 47.50 ± 8.24 years; 22 women, age 45.27 ± 8.35 years). The measurement was performed by means of the Interpersonal check list and Physical activity satisfaction questionnaire. Differences between men and women were assessed by a t-test for two independent samples. The relationship between interpersonal assessment and satisfaction with joint physical activity was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. In addition, the data were subjected to a cluster analysis with the aim to obtain findings which are not represented by an individual but by a pair. Results: Women who are more satisfied with themselves in the context of joint physical activity are assessed by their partners as dominant (r = .602, p = .003) and also perceive their partners as little dominant (r = -.561, p = .007). Conclusion: Men and women assess their own personality in a similar way in terms of dominance and submission. The main difference between men and women is in the assessment of each other. Women in a dominant position in a relationship are less satisfied with their partner in the area of joint physical activity compared with women in a submissive position.
背景:体育活动人际行为的研究主要局限于教练员与运动员之间的关系。因此，关注与联合体育活动相关的二元伙伴关系的研究似乎是可取的。目的:本研究的目的是评估男性和女性自己及其伴侣的人际关系风格和对共同体育活动的满意度之间的差异，并评估在二元伙伴关系中个人人际关系风格与人际行为的互补性或相似性之间的关系。方法:研究样本为从事体育舞蹈三年以上的成年夫妇(男性22例，年龄47.50±8.24岁;女性22例，年龄45.27±8.35岁)。采用人际关系量表和体育活动满意度问卷进行测量。通过两个独立样本的t检验来评估男性和女性之间的差异。采用Pearson相关系数评价人际评价与关节活动满意度的关系。此外，数据进行了聚类分析，目的是获得的结果不是由一个人，而是由一对代表。结果:在联合体育活动中对自己更满意的女性被她们的伴侣评价为优势(r = .602, p = .003)，同时也认为她们的伴侣没有优势(r = -)。561, p = .007)。结论:男性和女性在支配和服从方面对自己性格的评价是相似的。男女之间的主要区别在于对彼此的评价。在一段关系中处于主导地位的女性与处于从属地位的女性相比，在联合运动方面对伴侣的满意度较低。
{"title":"Dyadic partnership in the context of joint physical activity in subjects participating in dance","authors":"Jana Harvanová, Dana Štěrbová","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The research of interpersonal behaviour associated with physical activity is limited on relationship of coaches and athletes. Thus, studies focused on dyadic partnership in association with joint physical activities seem to be desirable. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess differences between men's and women's own and their partner's interpersonal style and satisfaction with joint physical activities and to assess the relationship between an individual interpersonal style, complementarity or similarity of interpersonal behaviour in a dyadic partnership. Methods: The research sample consists of adult couples pursuing sport dance for at least three years (22 men, age 47.50 ± 8.24 years; 22 women, age 45.27 ± 8.35 years). The measurement was performed by means of the Interpersonal check list and Physical activity satisfaction questionnaire. Differences between men and women were assessed by a t-test for two independent samples. The relationship between interpersonal assessment and satisfaction with joint physical activity was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. In addition, the data were subjected to a cluster analysis with the aim to obtain findings which are not represented by an individual but by a pair. Results: Women who are more satisfied with themselves in the context of joint physical activity are assessed by their partners as dominant (r = .602, p = .003) and also perceive their partners as little dominant (r = -.561, p = .007). Conclusion: Men and women assess their own personality in a similar way in terms of dominance and submission. The main difference between men and women is in the assessment of each other. Women in a dominant position in a relationship are less satisfied with their partner in the area of joint physical activity compared with women in a submissive position.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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