J. Vilamitjana, Gabriel I. Heinze, P. Verde, J. Calleja-González
,
,
{"title":"Comparison of high-intensity patterns between possession games and small-sided games in professional soccer","authors":"J. Vilamitjana, Gabriel I. Heinze, P. Verde, J. Calleja-González","doi":"10.5507/ag.2022.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2022.009","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44695213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kolomiitseva, A. Prikhodko, I. Bodrenkova, I. Hrynchenko, Ivan Vashchenko, Roman Honchar
Background: Pilates training has proven to be an effective method of mental and physical conditioning in rehabilitation, and it has become increasingly popular within the general fitness community. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Pilates training practice on the respiratory system, joint mobility, and muscle strength of healthy middle-aged women with sedentary occupation. Methods: Thirty-two healthy women (age 45.4 ± 2.3 years, range 40–49 years; body mass 73.5 ± 1.5 kg; body height 1.70 ± 0.03 m) were recruited and randomised into experimental ( n = 18) and control ( n = 14) groups. The experimental group participated in a 12-week series of 1-hour Pilates workouts (beginner level) three times per week. Results: After intervention, the experimental group revealed significant positive changes in the vital capacity test ( p = .05), Stange test ( p = .001), and Gencha test ( p = .001). Respiratory rate and body mass index improved slightly. All joint mobility and muscle strength variables of the partici pants showed significant differences compared with the baseline data ( p < .05). The most significant improvements were observed in variables of the shoulder girdle mobility during flexion ( p = .003), abdominal strength ( p = .041), and body strength endurance ( p = .003 and .034). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: The results confirmed that a 12-week series of 1-hour Pilates workouts three times per week is effective in improving parameters of the respiratory system, shoulder girdle, abdominal strength and endurance, and hip and shoulder joint mobility in healthy middle-aged women with a sedentary occupation.
{"title":"Effect of Pilates training on respiration, joints mobility, and muscle strength in healthy middle-aged women with sedentary occupations","authors":"O. Kolomiitseva, A. Prikhodko, I. Bodrenkova, I. Hrynchenko, Ivan Vashchenko, Roman Honchar","doi":"10.5507/ag.2022.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2022.008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pilates training has proven to be an effective method of mental and physical conditioning in rehabilitation, and it has become increasingly popular within the general fitness community. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Pilates training practice on the respiratory system, joint mobility, and muscle strength of healthy middle-aged women with sedentary occupation. Methods: Thirty-two healthy women (age 45.4 ± 2.3 years, range 40–49 years; body mass 73.5 ± 1.5 kg; body height 1.70 ± 0.03 m) were recruited and randomised into experimental ( n = 18) and control ( n = 14) groups. The experimental group participated in a 12-week series of 1-hour Pilates workouts (beginner level) three times per week. Results: After intervention, the experimental group revealed significant positive changes in the vital capacity test ( p = .05), Stange test ( p = .001), and Gencha test ( p = .001). Respiratory rate and body mass index improved slightly. All joint mobility and muscle strength variables of the partici pants showed significant differences compared with the baseline data ( p < .05). The most significant improvements were observed in variables of the shoulder girdle mobility during flexion ( p = .003), abdominal strength ( p = .041), and body strength endurance ( p = .003 and .034). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: The results confirmed that a 12-week series of 1-hour Pilates workouts three times per week is effective in improving parameters of the respiratory system, shoulder girdle, abdominal strength and endurance, and hip and shoulder joint mobility in healthy middle-aged women with a sedentary occupation.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43750807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Liepa, Jason Tang, Ingemara Jaundaldere, Evita Dubinina, V. Lāriņš
Background: Falls risk becomes more common with age and is associated with higher rates of disability, mortality, and healthcare costs. Exergames have shown to elicit improvements in prefrontal cortex activity, balance, and postural control of seniors, all of which are associated with fall risk, but it is unknown whether virtual reality (VR) exergames, played using a three-dimensional headset can enhance the effects of cognitive and physiological functioning. Objective: Evaluation of the effects of a co-produced VR exergame “Falling diamonds” on physical performance, trunk stability and cognition, three attributes linked to falls risk in seniors. Methods: A total of 44 physically active participants aged 60–85 years were randomized to either the immersive VR exergame (n = 14), nonimmersive exergame (n = 15), or control (n = 15). Static balance, leg strength, and gait speed were measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery, trunk stability was assessed using the Prone test and cognition was evaluated by the RehaCom screening software at baseline and follow-up at 9 weeks. Results: The VR exergame group experienced greater improvements in the cognition measures of selective attention control and speed (p = .009, p = .033) more than the exergame group (p = .010) and control (p = .049, p = .004). Conclusions: The evaluation and delivery methods of VR exergame Falling diamonds are feasible, and trial measures, procedures, and intervention are deemed acceptable by participants. Our findings indicate that using a VR exergame to exercise could improve cognition in seniors.
{"title":"Feasibility randomized controlled trial of a virtual reality exergame to improve physical and cognitive functioning in older people","authors":"A. Liepa, Jason Tang, Ingemara Jaundaldere, Evita Dubinina, V. Lāriņš","doi":"10.5507/ag.2022.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2022.007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Falls risk becomes more common with age and is associated with higher rates of disability, mortality, and healthcare costs. Exergames have shown to elicit improvements in prefrontal cortex activity, balance, and postural control of seniors, all of which are associated with fall risk, but it is unknown whether virtual reality (VR) exergames, played using a three-dimensional headset can enhance the effects of cognitive and physiological functioning. Objective: Evaluation of the effects of a co-produced VR exergame “Falling diamonds” on physical performance, trunk stability and cognition, three attributes linked to falls risk in seniors. Methods: A total of 44 physically active participants aged 60–85 years were randomized to either the immersive VR exergame (n = 14), nonimmersive exergame (n = 15), or control (n = 15). Static balance, leg strength, and gait speed were measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery, trunk stability was assessed using the Prone test and cognition was evaluated by the RehaCom screening software at baseline and follow-up at 9 weeks. Results: The VR exergame group experienced greater improvements in the cognition measures of selective attention control and speed (p = .009, p = .033) more than the exergame group (p = .010) and control (p = .049, p = .004). Conclusions: The evaluation and delivery methods of VR exergame Falling diamonds are feasible, and trial measures, procedures, and intervention are deemed acceptable by participants. Our findings indicate that using a VR exergame to exercise could improve cognition in seniors.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44602030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: By the application of pedometers and subjective evaluation techniques, one can obtain information about the importance of physical activities (PA) in the lifestyles of adolescents. The conduct of PA in the Ústí Region, which is a structurally affected region within the Czech Republic, may be specifically impinged upon. Objective: The aim of this study is to establish indicators of adolescent participation in PA during school days and weekends and to evaluate them from the point of view of recommended criteria for health. We compare our findings with other studies and draw attention to the role of school movement programs. Methods: Physical activity was concurrently and objectively monitored by the Yamax SW-700 and SW-800 pedometer for a period of seven consecutive days. An identification and recording sheet were used for the registration of results. A total of 285 boys and 276 girls from elementary schools in the Ústí Region participated in the survey. Pedometers were applied during normal school attendance. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess differences between days of the week in boys and girls. A daily step count (SC) was compared with the recommended criteria for health. The daily recommendation amounted to ≥ 13,000/11,000 SC for 12-year-old children and ≥ 10,000 SC for 13–15-year-old adolescents. Results: The daily SC values for boys were 10,702 ± 4,474, and for girls the lower 9,841 ± 3,722 ( p = .02, r = .10). Weekend days were accompanied by a decrease in values in boys compared to school days ( p ˂ .001, r = .20) and girls ( p ˂ .001, r = .17). 43.2% of boys and 35.9% of girls meet the recommended health criteria. PA participation time is higher in boys than in girls during school days ( p ˂ .001, r = .25) compared to ( p ˂ .001, r = .22). The importance of school movement programs becomes evident. Conclusions: Boys achieve higher daily values than girls in all monitored indicators. The lowest SC levels are those reached by the oldest group of adolescents during weekends.
{"title":"Selected parameters characterizing physical activity behavior in pupils of the second grade of elementary school in the Ústí Region, Czech Republic","authors":"L. Bláha, J. Heidler","doi":"10.5507/ag.2022.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2022.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: By the application of pedometers and subjective evaluation techniques, one can obtain information about the importance of physical activities (PA) in the lifestyles of adolescents. The conduct of PA in the Ústí Region, which is a structurally affected region within the Czech Republic, may be specifically impinged upon. Objective: The aim of this study is to establish indicators of adolescent participation in PA during school days and weekends and to evaluate them from the point of view of recommended criteria for health. We compare our findings with other studies and draw attention to the role of school movement programs. Methods: Physical activity was concurrently and objectively monitored by the Yamax SW-700 and SW-800 pedometer for a period of seven consecutive days. An identification and recording sheet were used for the registration of results. A total of 285 boys and 276 girls from elementary schools in the Ústí Region participated in the survey. Pedometers were applied during normal school attendance. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess differences between days of the week in boys and girls. A daily step count (SC) was compared with the recommended criteria for health. The daily recommendation amounted to ≥ 13,000/11,000 SC for 12-year-old children and ≥ 10,000 SC for 13–15-year-old adolescents. Results: The daily SC values for boys were 10,702 ± 4,474, and for girls the lower 9,841 ± 3,722 ( p = .02, r = .10). Weekend days were accompanied by a decrease in values in boys compared to school days ( p ˂ .001, r = .20) and girls ( p ˂ .001, r = .17). 43.2% of boys and 35.9% of girls meet the recommended health criteria. PA participation time is higher in boys than in girls during school days ( p ˂ .001, r = .25) compared to ( p ˂ .001, r = .22). The importance of school movement programs becomes evident. Conclusions: Boys achieve higher daily values than girls in all monitored indicators. The lowest SC levels are those reached by the oldest group of adolescents during weekends.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43865561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Marqués-Jiménez, J. Sampaio, J. Calleja-González, I. Echeazarra
Background: Soccer coaching staffs may have difficulties in classifying properly the load accomplished during training sessions and understanding how players rate the effort and the training load during the micro-cycles. Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate if the features and duration of training tasks can automatically classify the different weekly training sessions into different clusters, and to describe and compare the features and duration of training tasks, rating of perceived exertion and training load from the different training sessions across both classifications (prescribed by staff per day vs. automatically per cluster). Methods: Eighteen elite youth male soccer players reported their rating of perceived exertion 10 min after each practice during twelve micro-cycles. In each micro-cycle, differentiated management of the task characteristics for each training day was implemented. A Random Forest Clustering was used to automatically assign each training session to one cluster and allowed to create similar groups and contrast them with the sessions prescribed by the coaching staff. Results: Proper manipulation of different variables of small-sided games (number of players, relative playing area per player, game orientation, training regimen) can automatically differentiate training sessions. Youth soccer players can also perceive each training session differently ( p < .05). Conclusions: Using different formats of small-sided games in each training session may be interesting to modulate the player’s perceived load during the micro-cycle. However, results should be interpreted with caution, due to representing a single team and coaching staff.
{"title":"How different are soccer training sessions based on small-sided games? A cluster analysis to explore perceived exertion and training load","authors":"Diego Marqués-Jiménez, J. Sampaio, J. Calleja-González, I. Echeazarra","doi":"10.5507/ag.2022.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2022.005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soccer coaching staffs may have difficulties in classifying properly the load accomplished during training sessions and understanding how players rate the effort and the training load during the micro-cycles. Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate if the features and duration of training tasks can automatically classify the different weekly training sessions into different clusters, and to describe and compare the features and duration of training tasks, rating of perceived exertion and training load from the different training sessions across both classifications (prescribed by staff per day vs. automatically per cluster). Methods: Eighteen elite youth male soccer players reported their rating of perceived exertion 10 min after each practice during twelve micro-cycles. In each micro-cycle, differentiated management of the task characteristics for each training day was implemented. A Random Forest Clustering was used to automatically assign each training session to one cluster and allowed to create similar groups and contrast them with the sessions prescribed by the coaching staff. Results: Proper manipulation of different variables of small-sided games (number of players, relative playing area per player, game orientation, training regimen) can automatically differentiate training sessions. Youth soccer players can also perceive each training session differently ( p < .05). Conclusions: Using different formats of small-sided games in each training session may be interesting to modulate the player’s perceived load during the micro-cycle. However, results should be interpreted with caution, due to representing a single team and coaching staff.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43070775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Increases in early sport specialization, professionalization of youth sports, and leisure opportunities have led to growing numbers of youth dropping out of competitive sport. Understanding youth sport motivation and reasons for dropout is essential to crafting national federation policy, finance, and strategy decisions, as well as for clubs in aiding youth to reach their maximum potential. Objective: The study explored the leisure constraints perceived by former Czech youth football players as their main reasons for dropout. Based on leisure constraints theory, the hierarchical relationship between structural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal constraints was analyzed. Methods: A modified Czech version of Gould et al.’s Questionnaire of Reasons for Attrition (1982) was used to survey former Czech football players who dropped out between the ages of 13 and 18 years old. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to determine the relative prevalence of, and hierarchical relationship between, leisure constraints. Results: The participants’ reasons for attrition were grouped into six factors corresponding to intrapersonal constraints (Low interest, Perceived low skills), interpersonal constraints (Team climate and the coach, Peer relationships) and structural constraints (Lacking family resources, External costs/low rewards). The participants most frequently reported interpersonal constraints (Team climate and the coach) and intrapersonal constraints (Low interest and Perceived low skills). Peer relationships significantly predicted intrapersonal constraints, including Perceived low skills (β = .482, p = .050) and Low interest (β = .914, p = .013); and Team climate and the coach significantly predicted Perceived low skills (β = .245, p = .036). Conclusions: Our results emphasize the importance of intrapersonal constraints and interpersonal constraints related to the team climate as the most significant reasons for dropout in Czech youth football. Based on these findings, we conclude that the coach, including coaching education, is the best place for the federation and clubs to address attrition in Czech football.
{"title":"Examining adolescent football dropout in the Czech Republic","authors":"William Crossan, J. Mudrak, Tadeáš Helešic","doi":"10.5507/ag.2022.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2022.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increases in early sport specialization, professionalization of youth sports, and leisure opportunities have led to growing numbers of youth dropping out of competitive sport. Understanding youth sport motivation and reasons for dropout is essential to crafting national federation policy, finance, and strategy decisions, as well as for clubs in aiding youth to reach their maximum potential. Objective: The study explored the leisure constraints perceived by former Czech youth football players as their main reasons for dropout. Based on leisure constraints theory, the hierarchical relationship between structural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal constraints was analyzed. Methods: A modified Czech version of Gould et al.’s Questionnaire of Reasons for Attrition (1982) was used to survey former Czech football players who dropped out between the ages of 13 and 18 years old. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to determine the relative prevalence of, and hierarchical relationship between, leisure constraints. Results: The participants’ reasons for attrition were grouped into six factors corresponding to intrapersonal constraints (Low interest, Perceived low skills), interpersonal constraints (Team climate and the coach, Peer relationships) and structural constraints (Lacking family resources, External costs/low rewards). The participants most frequently reported interpersonal constraints (Team climate and the coach) and intrapersonal constraints (Low interest and Perceived low skills). Peer relationships significantly predicted intrapersonal constraints, including Perceived low skills (β = .482, p = .050) and Low interest (β = .914, p = .013); and Team climate and the coach significantly predicted Perceived low skills (β = .245, p = .036). Conclusions: Our results emphasize the importance of intrapersonal constraints and interpersonal constraints related to the team climate as the most significant reasons for dropout in Czech youth football. Based on these findings, we conclude that the coach, including coaching education, is the best place for the federation and clubs to address attrition in Czech football.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43058674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sveinn Þorgeirsson, M. Pic, Demetrio Lozano, Ó. Sigurgeirsson, D. Sekulić, J. Saavedra
Background: The literature on performance analysis in team handball has increased at the top level, but there has been far less research published at the amateur level. Objective: The objectives of the present study were: (i) to compare handball game-related statistics by match result (winning and losing teams) for the men’s and women’s teams in an amateur league, (ii) to compare handball game-related statistics by gender, and (iii) to identify characteristics that discriminated performance in amateur men and women handball leagues. Methods: The game-related statistics of the 190 matches (113 men, 77 women) played in the 2018/19 Icelandic League by 12 men and 8 women teams were analysed. Their intraand inter-observer internal consistency and reliability were at levels considered to be good or very good for the games of both genders. Differences in the game statistics between match outcomes (winning or losing teams for each gender) and between the genders were determined using the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and the corresponding effect sizes were calculated. Results: Large differences between the winning and losing teams were shown by shots, goalkeeper blocked shots, and 9 m shots for men, and by shots, goalkeeper blocked shots and 7 m shots for women. In the comparison between the genders, there were four variables that showed a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d > 0.50). A discriminant analysis applying the sample-splitting method was performed for each gender to determine the game statistics that best characterized the match outcomes. The resulting predictive models correctly classified 84% of the matches using five variables for men and 87% of the matches using two variables for women. Conclusions: The results could be used to better understand the structure of the game in amateur leagues, and to improve the performance of teams.
{"title":"Gender-based differences in game-related statistics between winning and losing teams in an amateur handball league","authors":"Sveinn Þorgeirsson, M. Pic, Demetrio Lozano, Ó. Sigurgeirsson, D. Sekulić, J. Saavedra","doi":"10.5507/ag.2022.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2022.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The literature on performance analysis in team handball has increased at the top level, but there has been far less research published at the amateur level. Objective: The objectives of the present study were: (i) to compare handball game-related statistics by match result (winning and losing teams) for the men’s and women’s teams in an amateur league, (ii) to compare handball game-related statistics by gender, and (iii) to identify characteristics that discriminated performance in amateur men and women handball leagues. Methods: The game-related statistics of the 190 matches (113 men, 77 women) played in the 2018/19 Icelandic League by 12 men and 8 women teams were analysed. Their intraand inter-observer internal consistency and reliability were at levels considered to be good or very good for the games of both genders. Differences in the game statistics between match outcomes (winning or losing teams for each gender) and between the genders were determined using the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and the corresponding effect sizes were calculated. Results: Large differences between the winning and losing teams were shown by shots, goalkeeper blocked shots, and 9 m shots for men, and by shots, goalkeeper blocked shots and 7 m shots for women. In the comparison between the genders, there were four variables that showed a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d > 0.50). A discriminant analysis applying the sample-splitting method was performed for each gender to determine the game statistics that best characterized the match outcomes. The resulting predictive models correctly classified 84% of the matches using five variables for men and 87% of the matches using two variables for women. Conclusions: The results could be used to better understand the structure of the game in amateur leagues, and to improve the performance of teams.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45118549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peyman Aghaie Ataabadi, J. Sarvestan, Fatemeh Alaei, Fateme Yazdanbakhsh, Ali Abbasi
Background: Stability is one of the key demands in human locomotion including running. Various kinematical analytical approaches are adopted to investigate the running strategies; nevertheless, the impacts of running speeds on the variability of angles in individual lower limbs joints is still unclear. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the impact of various running speeds on linear and non-linear variability of the hip, knee and ankle joints movement. Methods: Twenty-three collegiate athletes (13 females, 10 males, age 22.04 ± 3.43 years, body mass 62.14 ± 9.26 kg, height 168.29 ± 7.06 cm) ran at preferred running speed, 20% lower, and 20% higher than preferred running speed on a treadmill and their lower limbs joints kinematics were recorded using myoMOTION system at the sampling frequency of 200 Hz. The repeated measure analysis of variance test was adopted to investigate the linear (mean and standard deviation) and non-linear (Lyapunov exponent) variability of the hip, knee and ankle angle in sagittal, frontal and transverse planes throughout the running cycle. Results: No significant difference was observed between the lower limbs joint angles variability in linear analysis, while the Lyapunov exponent of the hip (p = .008, ηp 2 = .338), knee (p = .002, ηp 2 = .249) joints in the sagittal plane significantly increased as running speed increased. Conclusions: Findings of this study revealed that the hip and knee joints respond with more freedom of movement in the sagittal plane while walking speed increases, although nonlinear approaches were the only ones capable of detecting it. Given that speed changes might reduce body stability, it appears that these joints are attempting to maintain body stability by regulating internal body system perturbations by increasing their variability.
{"title":"Linear and non-linear analysis of lower limb joints angle variability during running at different speeds","authors":"Peyman Aghaie Ataabadi, J. Sarvestan, Fatemeh Alaei, Fateme Yazdanbakhsh, Ali Abbasi","doi":"10.5507/ag.2021.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2021.023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stability is one of the key demands in human locomotion including running. Various kinematical analytical approaches are adopted to investigate the running strategies; nevertheless, the impacts of running speeds on the variability of angles in individual lower limbs joints is still unclear. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the impact of various running speeds on linear and non-linear variability of the hip, knee and ankle joints movement. Methods: Twenty-three collegiate athletes (13 females, 10 males, age 22.04 ± 3.43 years, body mass 62.14 ± 9.26 kg, height 168.29 ± 7.06 cm) ran at preferred running speed, 20% lower, and 20% higher than preferred running speed on a treadmill and their lower limbs joints kinematics were recorded using myoMOTION system at the sampling frequency of 200 Hz. The repeated measure analysis of variance test was adopted to investigate the linear (mean and standard deviation) and non-linear (Lyapunov exponent) variability of the hip, knee and ankle angle in sagittal, frontal and transverse planes throughout the running cycle. Results: No significant difference was observed between the lower limbs joint angles variability in linear analysis, while the Lyapunov exponent of the hip (p = .008, ηp 2 = .338), knee (p = .002, ηp 2 = .249) joints in the sagittal plane significantly increased as running speed increased. Conclusions: Findings of this study revealed that the hip and knee joints respond with more freedom of movement in the sagittal plane while walking speed increases, although nonlinear approaches were the only ones capable of detecting it. Given that speed changes might reduce body stability, it appears that these joints are attempting to maintain body stability by regulating internal body system perturbations by increasing their variability.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43445084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Yarar, Ü. Gök, Ahmet Dağtekin, Yunus Saçan, H. Eroğlu
Background: Athletes, who engage in combat sports, perform often several matches in a day during competitions. For this reason, recovery is a very important factor between matches. There are many different recovery methods applied by athletes and it is very important to know which one is more suitable for anaerobic performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different recovery methods on anaerobic performance in combat sports athletes. Methods: Thirteen experienced international level elite combat sports athletes (age 20.5 ± 1.6 years, body height 175.3 ± 4.5 cm, body mass 73.8 ± 7.9 kg, body fat 11.4 ± 3.9%, training experience 7.5 ± 3.4 years) have participated voluntarily in this study. Athletes were involved in passive recovery (PR), cold water immersion (CWI) and active recovery (AR) methods after countermovement jump and Wingate anaerobic test. Also, body temperature and rating of perceived exertion were evaluated. In this study, a randomized crossover design was used and applications lasted three days. All measurements were performed at three different times (baseline, 1st and 2nd session) in a day. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. Results: For the countermovement jump there was a significant increase after CWI and AR. A significant decrease was found in the Fatigue index after CWI recovery. Body temperature was increased after CWI, AR, and PR. Rating of perceived exertion has increased in AR. Moreover, there were no significant differences were found in peak power and mean power. Conclusions: The results indicate that during intermittent recovery, CWI positively impacted countermovement jump and fatigue index. Also, AR has positively affected countermovement jump performance, while negatively affected the rating of perceived exertion. Thus our findings suggest that 10 min of CWI and AR can be adopted in competitions when successive matches take place.
{"title":"The effects of different recovery methods on anaerobic performance in combat sports athletes","authors":"H. Yarar, Ü. Gök, Ahmet Dağtekin, Yunus Saçan, H. Eroğlu","doi":"10.5507/ag.2021.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2021.017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Athletes, who engage in combat sports, perform often several matches in a day during competitions. For this reason, recovery is a very important factor between matches. There are many different recovery methods applied by athletes and it is very important to know which one is more suitable for anaerobic performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different recovery methods on anaerobic performance in combat sports athletes. Methods: Thirteen experienced international level elite combat sports athletes (age 20.5 ± 1.6 years, body height 175.3 ± 4.5 cm, body mass 73.8 ± 7.9 kg, body fat 11.4 ± 3.9%, training experience 7.5 ± 3.4 years) have participated voluntarily in this study. Athletes were involved in passive recovery (PR), cold water immersion (CWI) and active recovery (AR) methods after countermovement jump and Wingate anaerobic test. Also, body temperature and rating of perceived exertion were evaluated. In this study, a randomized crossover design was used and applications lasted three days. All measurements were performed at three different times (baseline, 1st and 2nd session) in a day. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. Results: For the countermovement jump there was a significant increase after CWI and AR. A significant decrease was found in the Fatigue index after CWI recovery. Body temperature was increased after CWI, AR, and PR. Rating of perceived exertion has increased in AR. Moreover, there were no significant differences were found in peak power and mean power. Conclusions: The results indicate that during intermittent recovery, CWI positively impacted countermovement jump and fatigue index. Also, AR has positively affected countermovement jump performance, while negatively affected the rating of perceived exertion. Thus our findings suggest that 10 min of CWI and AR can be adopted in competitions when successive matches take place.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44340412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In contrast to strongly established views on the development of tonic, top-down controlled alertness, a small number of neurobehavioral and neurophysiological studies deal with the developmental trajectory of exogenously driven phasic alertness during childhood. Objective: The current study aimed to examine the age and sex effects on phasic alerting during late childhood, and to analyse the degree of association between tonic and phasic alertness at the behavioural level. Methods: Three age groups of typically developing children, aged 10, 11 and 12 years (N = 59, 27 boys, 32 girls) performed a computer-based simple hand-eye reaction test of alertness that involved 28 trials with and 28 trials without a warning signal. Results: The results showed a moderate decrease of mean reaction time in both the alert and non-alert conditions with age. However, the alert effect calculated as the difference in reaction times achieved in alert and non-alert conditions was not affected by age and sex. Conclusions: In contrast to previous suggestions on possible continuing improvement in phasic alertness during late childhood, the current study suggested that the neurocognitive function of transient enhancement in attentional alertness (phasic alertness) does not change and it is stabilized in this developmental period. In addition, this function does not differ between males and females in childhood.
{"title":"Phasic alertness indicated by simple motor reaction time in late childhood: The effect of age and sex","authors":"R. Psotta, J. Kraus, M. Krejčí, G. Juras","doi":"10.5507/ag.2021.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2021.022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In contrast to strongly established views on the development of tonic, top-down controlled alertness, a small number of neurobehavioral and neurophysiological studies deal with the developmental trajectory of exogenously driven phasic alertness during childhood. Objective: The current study aimed to examine the age and sex effects on phasic alerting during late childhood, and to analyse the degree of association between tonic and phasic alertness at the behavioural level. Methods: Three age groups of typically developing children, aged 10, 11 and 12 years (N = 59, 27 boys, 32 girls) performed a computer-based simple hand-eye reaction test of alertness that involved 28 trials with and 28 trials without a warning signal. Results: The results showed a moderate decrease of mean reaction time in both the alert and non-alert conditions with age. However, the alert effect calculated as the difference in reaction times achieved in alert and non-alert conditions was not affected by age and sex. Conclusions: In contrast to previous suggestions on possible continuing improvement in phasic alertness during late childhood, the current study suggested that the neurocognitive function of transient enhancement in attentional alertness (phasic alertness) does not change and it is stabilized in this developmental period. In addition, this function does not differ between males and females in childhood.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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