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Sports injuries and psychological aspects of pain perception of athletes 运动损伤与运动员疼痛感知的心理方面
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2021.021
Jakub Sciranka, Adriana Kaplánová
Background: Injury is one of the risks of performing regular sports activities, which causes mild to severe physical discomfort and emotional distress for athletes. Objective: As there is not much research on the psychological aspects of pain perception of athletes, the main purpose of this study was to investigate differences in pain coping styles according to gender and type of sport. Methods: The sample consisted of 147 athletes (101 men, 46 women) who reported a previous sports-related injury, with an average age of 20.82 ± 1.61 years, involved in individual (n = 59) and team (n = 88) sports. The pain perception was evaluated by Sports Inventory for Pain (SIP15) comprised of three subscales: coping by direct action, catastrophizing, and somatic awareness. Results: We found that men perceive pain in sport more intensely and sensitively than women (p = .01, r = .21). Nevertheless, men consider pain to be more bearable and give up less than women (p = .05, r = .16). In individual and team sports, we did not find significant differences in response to painful stimuli, but in terms of giving up due to the perceived pain, the athletes of individual sports scored higher values than athletes of team sports (p = .04, r = .17). In coping by direct action, we also did not find significant differences between gender or types of sports. Conclusions: The results of our research suggest that pain perception is one of the factors influencing giving up in the sport. Therefore, we recommend that this aspect be considered in psychological preparation and that the efforts of sports psychologists should focus on eliminating escape reactions, especially for women, which would contribute to higher mental resilience and effective management of painful obstacles. We also recommend implementing psychological preparation aimed at overcoming pain more in individual sports, because it seems that individual athletes can handle pain much more difficultly than collective athletes.
背景:损伤是进行常规体育活动的风险之一,它会给运动员带来轻微到严重的身体不适和情绪困扰。目的:由于对运动员疼痛感知心理方面的研究并不多,本研究的主要目的是探讨不同性别和运动类型的运动员在疼痛应对方式上的差异。方法:研究对象为147名运动员(男101名,女46名),均有运动相关损伤史,平均年龄20.82±1.61岁,分别为个人(n = 59)和团体(n = 88)。疼痛知觉采用疼痛运动量表(Sports Inventory for pain, SIP15)进行评估,该量表包括三个子量表:直接行动应对、灾难化和躯体意识。结果:我们发现男性对运动疼痛的感知比女性更强烈和敏感(p = 0.01, r = 0.21)。然而,男性比女性更能忍受疼痛,放弃的也更少(p = 0.05, r = 0.16)。在个人项目和团队项目中,我们没有发现运动员对疼痛刺激的反应有显著差异,但在因感知疼痛而放弃方面,个体项目运动员得分高于团队项目运动员(p = 0.04, r = 0.17)。在直接行动应对方面,我们也没有发现性别或运动类型之间的显著差异。结论:我们的研究结果表明,痛觉是影响运动员放弃运动的因素之一。因此,我们建议在心理准备中考虑这方面,运动心理学家的努力应该集中在消除逃避反应上,特别是对于女性,这将有助于提高心理弹性和有效管理痛苦的障碍。我们还建议在个人运动中实施旨在克服疼痛的心理准备,因为个人运动员似乎比集体运动员更难以处理疼痛。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of the associations between variables derived throughout velocity-based training device and jumping performances in youth soccer players: Multiple regression study 青少年足球运动员基于速度的训练装置中得出的变量与跳跃表现之间的相关性分析:多元回归研究
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2021.019
Vlade Bendic, B. Gilić, Damir Lastre, Ivan Peric, D. Sekulić
Background: It has been suggested that velocity-based training (VBT) improves real-life performance in sports, such as jumping, but studies rarely examined the associations between variables derived during VBT (VBT-variables) and jumping performances. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between VBT-variables derived during deadlift exercise executed at different loads and anthropometric variables, and vertical and horizontal jump performance in young athletes. Methods: Seventeen youth soccer players (16-18 years old) were included. Predictors were body height, body mass, body fat percentage, and VBT-variables (force, power, and velocity) measured at different loads (45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95%) of a one-repetition maximum deadlift (1RM). Criteria included tests of vertical and horizontal jumping performance. Results: The VBT-variables are more strongly correlated with horizontal jumps (Pearson's r up to .81) than vertical jumps (Pearson's r up to .75). The VBT-variables for the deadlift recorded at lower loads stronger correlated with jumping performance than the VBT-variables recorded at higher loads. Conclusions: Results of the study suggest that light-to-moderate loads (45%-65% of 1RM) maximize power output and are therefore more strongly related to jumping performance in youth athletes. Further intervention studies aimed at the improvement of jumping performances using the VBT are warranted.
背景:有人认为,基于速度的训练(VBT)可以提高现实生活中的运动表现,如跳跃,但研究很少检查VBT过程中得出的变量(VBT变量)与跳跃表现之间的关系。目的:本研究的目的是调查年轻运动员在不同负荷下进行提举练习时得出的VBT变量和人体测量变量与垂直和水平跳跃成绩之间的关系。方法:选取17名16~18岁的青少年足球运动员。预测因素是在一次重复最大升力(1RM)的不同载荷(45%、55%、65%、75%、85%和95%)下测量的身高、体重、体脂百分比和VBT变量(力、功率和速度)。标准包括垂直和水平跳跃性能测试。结果:与垂直跳跃(Pearson’s r高达.75)相比,VBT变量与水平跳跃的相关性更强(Pearson's r高达.81)。与较高负荷下记录的VBT变量相比,在较低负荷下记录到的提举的VBT变项与跳跃性能的相关性更强。结论:研究结果表明,轻至中等负荷(1RM的45%-65%)最大限度地提高了功率输出,因此与青年运动员的跳跃表现密切相关。有必要进行进一步的干预研究,以提高使用VBT的跳跃性能。
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引用次数: 1
Flipped Learning to improve students' motivation in Physical Education 翻转学习提高学生体育教学积极性
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2021-07-15 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2021.012
Á. G. Botella, Salvador García-Martínez, N. M. García, Javier Olaya-Cuartero, Alberto Ferriz-Valero
Background: Active methodologies have emerged in which they focus their importance of the teaching-learning process in students and not only on the result. In this way, research has been conducted using the active methodology Flipped Learning (FL) in all areas of Primary, Secondary and Higher Education. Objective: The current study aims to analyze the effect on student motivation after an intervention with the FL teaching technique, using a Parkour Didactic Unit in primary school students. Methods: One hundred students of 6th grade of Primary (11-12 years old) participated in this study, of which, 45 were girls and 55 were boys. It was randomly decided that 6oB and 6oD would follow the teaching styles that were already used in the center regularly (TRAD group) and otherwise, the 6oA and 6oC groups used FL teaching technique by watching videos created by the principal investigator for the present investigation (FLIP group). The Motivation Questionnaire in Physical Education in primary education and personal interview were applied before and after intervention. Results: The results showed an increase of intrinsic motivation (p < .001), identified motivation (p < .001) and introjected motivation (p < .001) in FLIP group. Moreover, external motivation, as well as the amotivation of the students, has decreased after the intervention. Regarding the TRAD group, a significant decrease in intrinsic motivation and identified motivation was observed. According to qualitative results, the most remarkable thing is that students consider FL as more fun, efficient, accepted and motivating. Conclusions: Intrinsic motivation increased significantly and amotivation values decrease in FL group. FL approach allows using more time in Physical Education classes and, consequently, it is perceived as more fun for the students.
背景:积极的方法已经出现,他们关注学生的教学过程的重要性,而不仅仅是结果。通过这种方式,在小学、中学和高等教育的所有领域都使用了主动翻转学习(FL)方法进行了研究。目的:本研究以跑酷教学单元为研究对象,分析FL教学技术干预对小学生学习动机的影响。方法:小学六年级(11-12岁)学生100名,其中女生45名,男生55名。随机决定6oB和6oD采用中心常规使用的教学方式(TRAD组),6oA和6oC组通过观看本次调查的主要研究者制作的视频(FLIP组)使用FL教学技术。干预前后分别采用小学体育教学动机问卷和个人访谈。结果:FLIP组内在动机(p < .001)、识别动机(p < .001)和内向动机(p < .001)均有所增加。此外,外部动机和学生的动机在干预后都有所下降。在TRAD组中,观察到内在动机和识别动机的显著下降。根据定性结果,最值得注意的是学生认为外语更有趣、更有效、更容易接受和更有动力。结论:FL组内在动机显著增强,动机值显著降低。FL方法允许在体育课上使用更多的时间,因此,它被认为对学生来说更有趣。
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引用次数: 7
State and status of physical education in tertiary institutions in selected European countries in the second decade of the 21st century 21世纪第二个十年,欧洲一些国家高校体育教育的现状与地位
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2021.013
R. Podstawski, M. Zurawik, K. Borysławski, A. Buková, B. Masanovic, Z. Alföldi, P. Żurek
Background: For the majority of students, the transition into higher education seems to have deleterious effects on their physical activity (PA) behaviors and motivation. To tackle students' physical inactivity, reforms in higher education were supposed to reinvent physical education (PE) programs, revise their objectives and tasks. Nevertheless, European universities are experiencing a physical activity crisis, and recent generations of students are facing health problems due to underprovided levels of PA. Objective: The aim of this descriptive study was to analyze the state and status of physical education in higher education in selected European countries with regards to its curriculum and resources. Methods: Quantitative data were collected from 66 tertiary institutions from various countries in Europe. The questionnaire was used to gather information regarding characteristics of tertiary institutions, sport and leisure facilities, types and characteristics of PA programs available for students. Results: PE classes were obligatory in 44% and facultative in 30.3% of tertiary institutions; 22.7% of the institutions offered mixed PE curricula. The most popular team sports were volleyball, soccer and basketball, whereas fitness and functional training were the most popular types of individual PA. PE sessions lasted one or two semesters in 53% of the institutions. In 12% of establishments, PE was not part of curricula. In 60% of institutions, PE curricula consisted of 31-60 academic hours during the entire study program, and 55% of establishments charged additional fees for sports activities. In 55% of the analyzed institutions, physical fitness assessments were conducted only to determine students' eligibility to participate in team sports. Conclusions: The research study investigated problems of insufficient PA levels in higher education, indicating several reasons for this state of affairs. The study recommends that PE curricula are thoughtfully planned and executed with improved financing. Furthermore, PE ought to be combined with health education to promote active and healthy lifestyles among students.
背景:对于大多数学生来说,过渡到高等教育似乎对他们的体育活动(PA)行为和动机产生了有害的影响。为了解决学生缺乏体育活动的问题,高等教育改革应该重新设计体育课程,修改体育课程的目标和任务。然而,欧洲的大学正在经历一场体育活动危机,最近几代学生正面临着健康问题,因为PA水平不足。目的:本描述性研究的目的是分析欧洲国家在高等教育中体育课程和资源的现状和地位。方法:收集欧洲各国66所高等院校的定量资料。本问卷旨在收集大专院校特色、体育及休闲设施、学生可选修的个人护理课程种类及特点等资料。结果:44%大专院校为必修课,30.3%为兼修课;22.7%的院校开设了混合体育课程。最受欢迎的团体运动是排球、足球和篮球,而健身和功能训练是最受欢迎的个人健身项目。53%的学校的体育课持续一到两个学期。在12%的学校,体育不是课程的一部分。在60%的机构中,体育课程在整个学习计划中包括31-60学时,55%的机构对体育活动收取额外费用。在55%的分析机构中,体能评估仅用于确定学生参加团队运动的资格。结论:本研究调查了高等教育中PA水平不足的问题,指出了造成这种状况的几个原因。该研究建议体育课程经过深思熟虑的规划和执行,并改善资金。此外,体育应该与健康教育相结合,在学生中促进积极健康的生活方式。
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引用次数: 2
The Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ) in Greek educational context: Psychometric properties 希腊教育背景下的体育活动课堂满意度问卷:心理测量特征
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2021.018
Grigorios Masadis, F. Filippou, E. Bebetsos, Stella Mavridou, O. Kouli, V. Karagiannidou, D. Petanidis, D. Varsami, Dafni-Anastasia Filippou, Z. Németh
Background: The Greek bibliography does not provide researchers with a credible measurement instrument that can estimate satisfaction as a multi-dimensional concept, in the frame of a physical education lesson. Objective: The main aim of this study was to cross-validate the Greek version of the Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ) in a Greek educational context. The internal consistency of the PACSQ was also examined as well as the levels of satisfaction, gender, and grade of studies as factors that differentiate lesson satisfaction from lesson attendance. Methods: A total of 459 elementary school students (220 boys and 239 girls) aged between 11 and 12 years, across the country joined in the study. The Greek version of PACSQ was used. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis and discriminant and convergent validity, and one-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the hypothesized model produced a significant χ2 (3311.55), normed fit index (.95) and comparative fit index (.96). The root mean square error of approximation (.62) was also considered to assess the degree of fit of the model. Composite reliability (≥ .879) and variance extracted (≥ .586) of all dimensions of the PACSQ demonstrated an acceptable reliability coefficient. Conclusions: From the analysis of the results, we came to the following conclusions. The PACSQ constitutes an instrument credible enough to measure the satisfaction of elementary school male and female students. Students seem to be quite satisfied by the cognitive process. Gender is a differentiation factor only as far as Normative Success is concerned. Students in the 6th grade (12 years old) appear to be more satisfied by their participatiοn in a physical education lesson.
背景:希腊书目没有提供研究人员一个可信的测量工具,可以估计满意度作为一个多维的概念,在体育课程的框架。目的:本研究的主要目的是在希腊教育背景下交叉验证希腊版本的体育活动课堂满意度问卷(PACSQ)。PACSQ的内部一致性以及满意度水平、性别和学习成绩作为区分课程满意度和出勤率的因素也被检查。方法:对全国11 ~ 12岁的459名小学生(男生220名,女生239名)进行研究。使用的是希腊语版本的PACSQ。统计分析包括描述性分析、验证性因子分析、信度分析、判别和收敛效度分析以及单因素方差分析。结果:验证性因子分析结果表明,假设模型的χ2(3311.55)、归一化拟合指数(0.95)和比较拟合指数(0.96)差异显著。还考虑了近似的均方根误差(0.62)来评估模型的拟合程度。PACSQ各维度的复合信度(≥.879)和方差提取(≥.586)均具有可接受的信度系数。结论:通过对结果的分析,我们得出以下结论。PACSQ是衡量小学男女学生满意度的可靠工具。学生们似乎对这个认知过程很满意。就规范性成功而言,性别只是一个区分因素。六年级(12岁)的学生似乎对参加体育课更满意。
{"title":"The Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ) in Greek educational context: Psychometric properties","authors":"Grigorios Masadis, F. Filippou, E. Bebetsos, Stella Mavridou, O. Kouli, V. Karagiannidou, D. Petanidis, D. Varsami, Dafni-Anastasia Filippou, Z. Németh","doi":"10.5507/ag.2021.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2021.018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Greek bibliography does not provide researchers with a credible measurement instrument that can estimate satisfaction as a multi-dimensional concept, in the frame of a physical education lesson. Objective: The main aim of this study was to cross-validate the Greek version of the Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire (PACSQ) in a Greek educational context. The internal consistency of the PACSQ was also examined as well as the levels of satisfaction, gender, and grade of studies as factors that differentiate lesson satisfaction from lesson attendance. Methods: A total of 459 elementary school students (220 boys and 239 girls) aged between 11 and 12 years, across the country joined in the study. The Greek version of PACSQ was used. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis and discriminant and convergent validity, and one-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the hypothesized model produced a significant χ2 (3311.55), normed fit index (.95) and comparative fit index (.96). The root mean square error of approximation (.62) was also considered to assess the degree of fit of the model. Composite reliability (≥ .879) and variance extracted (≥ .586) of all dimensions of the PACSQ demonstrated an acceptable reliability coefficient. Conclusions: From the analysis of the results, we came to the following conclusions. The PACSQ constitutes an instrument credible enough to measure the satisfaction of elementary school male and female students. Students seem to be quite satisfied by the cognitive process. Gender is a differentiation factor only as far as Normative Success is concerned. Students in the 6th grade (12 years old) appear to be more satisfied by their participatiοn in a physical education lesson.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70741806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Achievement goal orientations, sport motivation and competitive performance in beach volleyball players 沙滩排球运动员成就目标取向、运动动机与竞技表现
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2021.016
Michaela Knoblochova, J. Mudrak, P. Slepička
Background: From the perspective of achievement goal orientation theory, athletes may evaluate their performance by comparing current achievements with previous achievements (task orientation) or with those of other athletes (ego orientation); these two orientations may affect their sport motivation and performance outcomes in different ways. Objective: Based on a sample of competitive Czech beach volleyball players, this study aimed to assess the relationships among achievement goal orientations (task/ego), sport motivation (represented by intrinsic motivation, extrinsic regulation, and amotivation), and athletes’ competitive performance. Methods: A total of 128 beach volleyball players (63 men and 65 women, age 26 ± 6.27 years, range 14–42 years) from the highest Czech national competition participated in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire battery included the Sport Motivation Scale-6 as a measure of self-determined sport motivation and the Perception of Success Questionnaire as a measure of achievement goal orientation. We used multiple linear regression models to assess the relationships among achievement goal orientations, different types of sports motivation, and athletes’ performance in sports competition measured by their point averages at the end of the season. Results: In regression models, we observed different effects of task and ego orientations on dependent variables, including intrinsic motivation, external regulation and athletes’ competitive performance. Specifically, we found a highly significant effect of task orientation in the model of intrinsic motivation (ß = .522, p < .001, R2 = .255) and a highly significant effect of ego orientation in the model of external regulation (ß = .394, p < .001, R2 = .132). Furthermore, we found a significant effect of ego orientation in the model of athletes’ competitive performance (ß = .239, p = .005, R2 = .122). Conclusions: We assume that task and ego orientations contribute to different outcomes in competitive athletes, with task orientation supporting athletes’ interest in and enjoyment of the sport and ego orientation supporting athletes’ external regulation and performance in competition. Based on self-determination theory, task orientation may affect intrinsic motivation through the satisfaction of the basic needs of autonomy, relatedness and competence. At the same time, ego orientation may support less self-determined motivation but may also represent an advantage in the highly competitive environment of elite sports.
背景:从成就目标取向理论的角度来看,运动员可以通过比较当前成绩与以往成绩(任务取向)或与其他运动员成绩(自我取向)来评价自己的成绩;这两种取向可能以不同的方式影响他们的运动动机和表现结果。目的:以捷克竞技沙滩排球运动员为研究对象,探讨成就目标取向(任务/自我)、运动动机(以内在动机、外在调节和激励为代表)与运动员竞技成绩之间的关系。方法:对捷克全国最高赛事的128名沙滩排球运动员(男63人,女65人,年龄26±6.27岁,年龄范围14 ~ 42岁)进行问卷调查。问卷组包括运动动机量表-6(衡量自我决定的运动动机)和成功感知问卷(衡量成就目标取向)。本研究采用多元线性回归模型来评估成就目标取向、不同类型运动动机与运动员赛季末平均得分之间的关系。结果:在回归模型中,我们观察到任务取向和自我取向对内因动机、外因调节和运动员竞技成绩的不同影响。具体而言,我们发现任务取向在内在动机模型中具有极显著的影响(ß = .522, p < .001, R2 = .255),自我取向在外部调节模型中具有极显著的影响(ß = .394, p < .001, R2 = .132)。此外,我们发现自我取向在运动员竞技表现模型中有显著的影响(ß = .239, p = .005, R2 = .122)。结论:我们假设任务取向和自我取向对竞技运动员的成绩有不同的影响,其中任务取向支持运动员对运动的兴趣和享受,自我取向支持运动员的外部调节和比赛表现。根据自我决定理论,任务导向可以通过满足自主性、关联性和胜任性等基本需求来影响内在动机。与此同时,自我取向可能支持较少的自我决定动机,但也可能在精英体育的高度竞争环境中表现出优势。
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引用次数: 8
Jumping performance and take-off efficiency correlation with the basic anthropometric parameters in female volleyball players 女子排球运动员起跳性能和起跳效率与人体基本参数的关系
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2021.020
S. Jandova
Background: Vertical jump height and body height are almost universally recognised as determinant factors in elite volleyball performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between basic anthropometric parameters (body height and body weight) and jumping performance in a group of 16 female volleyball players (age 19.14 ± 5.52 years, height 1.80 ± 0.06 m, weight 69.81 ± 6.85 kg) and in a control group of 15 female university students (age 22.90 ± 0.83 years, height 1.70 ± 0.05 m, weight 61.70 ± 8.23 kg). Methods: The Quattro Jump 9290BA force platform system (Kistler, Winterthur, Switzerland) was used to test jumping performance in single vertical jumps (squat jump, countermovement jump) and 45-s continuous jumps. In single jumps, jump height was analysed and during the 45-s continuous jumps the maximal and mean jump height, the average contact time and the fatigue index were evaluated. The efficiency of the conversion of mechanical work into mechanical energy at the moment of takeoff was calculated. Results: No significant influence of body height and body weight was found in the jumping performance in the squat jump and countermovement jump. In continuous jumps, a significant correlation was found between body height and fatigue index in the volleyball players. In the control group, in most of the tests moderate correlation between body height and jump height was observed. In the volleyball players, rather low values of efficiency of take-off (23.67 ± 2.64%) were calculated. The values in the control group were even lower. Conclusions: Nowadays, many volleyball coaches choose individuals mainly according to body height, but it is important that the talent identification process should also consider jumping abilities in the simple jumps and in continuous jumps. All these parameters should help coaches choose the right players for the appropriate position and role in the team.
背景:垂直起跳高度和身体高度几乎被公认为是精英排球成绩的决定因素。目的:探讨16名女排球运动员(年龄19.14±5.52岁,身高1.80±0.06 m,体重69.81±6.85 kg)和15名女大学生(年龄22.90±0.83岁,身高1.70±0.05 m,体重61.70±8.23 kg)的基本人体测量参数(身高、体重)与跳远成绩的相关性。方法:采用Quattro Jump 9290BA力台系统(瑞士Kistler, Winterthur, Switzerland)测试单次垂直起跳(深蹲起跳、反动作起跳)和45 s连续起跳的起跳性能。在单次跳跃中,分析了跳跃高度,并在45 s的连续跳跃中评估了最大跳跃高度和平均跳跃高度、平均接触时间和疲劳指数。计算了起飞时刻机械功转化为机械能的效率。结果:在深蹲跳和反动作跳中,身高和体重对跳远成绩无显著影响。在连续跳跃中,排球运动员的身体高度与疲劳指数呈显著相关。在对照组中,在大多数测试中,观察到身高与跳跃高度之间存在中等相关性。排球运动员的起跳效率较低,为23.67±2.64%。对照组的数值甚至更低。结论:目前很多排球教练员主要根据身高来选择运动员,但在甄选人才的过程中,应同时考虑单跳和连续跳的跳跃能力。所有这些参数都可以帮助教练为球队中合适的位置和角色选择合适的球员。
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引用次数: 1
A short-term yoga-based intervention improves balance control, body composition, and some aspects of mental health in the elderly men 以瑜伽为基础的短期干预可以改善老年男性的平衡控制、身体成分和心理健康的某些方面
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2020.004
M. Krejčí, R. Psotta, M. Hill, J. Kajzar, D. Jandová, V. Hošek
Background: Body balance control represents a key function for the physical activities of elderly people aged sixty-five and over. Due to the biological and psychosocial changes in this age group, yoga-based intervention appears to be beneficial to maintaining their ability to balance along with related mental aspects of health. Objective: The aim of the presented study was to examine the effects of the 4-week yoga-based intervention on balance, body composition and the mental health aspects of elderly men. Methods: 67-80-year-old elderly men (N = 234, mean age 72.5 ± 7.7 years) were assessed with The Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool, bioimpedance body composition analyser InBody 230 and the Health Survey SF-36, applied for the pre- and post-testing. The experimental group (n = 122) underwent the 4-week intervention based on yoga exercises, while the control group (n = 112) had a usual daily program at their senior homes or centers. Results: The yoga intervention led to significant improvement of both the static balance and gait scores compared to the control group, with medium effect size, ηp2 = .070 and .080. The intervention also had an effect on the decrease of body fat percentage (by 1.7%) and an increase in muscle mass (by 1.3 kg), with a large effect size, ηp2 = .214 and .301. Results of the Health Survey showed that overall mental health did not change significantly although positive improvement in two items connected with emotional problems. Conclusions: A short-term yoga-based intervention may have a significant positive influence on physical abilities such as balance control and body composition rather than on mental health aspects in elderly men aged sixty-five and over.
背景:身体平衡控制是65岁及以上老年人身体活动的关键功能。由于这一年龄组的生理和社会心理变化,瑜伽干预似乎有利于维持他们的平衡能力以及相关的心理健康方面。目的:本研究的目的是研究为期4周的瑜伽干预对老年男性平衡、身体成分和心理健康方面的影响。方法:采用The Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool、InBody 230生物阻抗体成分分析仪和Health Survey SF-36对67 ~ 80岁的老年男性(N = 234,平均年龄72.5±7.7岁)进行前、后测试。实验组(n = 122)进行了为期4周的瑜伽练习干预,而对照组(n = 112)在他们的养老院或中心进行了常规的日常项目。结果:与对照组相比,瑜伽干预组静态平衡和步态评分均有显著改善,效应大小中等,ηp2 = 0.070和0.080。干预对体脂率降低(1.7%)和肌肉质量增加(1.3 kg)也有影响,效应量很大,ηp2 = 0.214和0.301。健康调查的结果显示,尽管在与情绪问题有关的两个项目上有积极的改善,但总体的心理健康状况并没有显著变化。结论:短期瑜伽干预可能对65岁及以上的老年男性的身体能力(如平衡控制和身体成分)有显著的积极影响,而不是对心理健康方面的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Are yuppies and muppies more physically active than the others aged 20-39? 雅皮士和雅皮士比20-39岁的其他人更活跃吗?
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2020.005
E. Biernat, M. Piątkowska, Justyna Krzepota
Background: Values of young urban professionals (yuppies) are still valid and it is possible to find references to the lifestyle of young people. This also applies to the younger generation, in other words, middle-aged urban professionals (muppies). Objective: The aim is evaluating whether yuppies and muppies can be a role model for society in the field of taking care of leisure-time physical activity (PA). Methods: Surveys were conducted by an Omnibus survey on the representative sample of Poles in two studies (N = 1053, N = 1067). Persons aged 20-39 (N = 762 were selected) and based on the criteria: education, residence in cities, study skills character of work, income, there was created a yuppie/muppie group (n = 67) and non-yuppies (n = 695). International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long Form was used. Results: Recommendations of WHO were met by 43.3% of yuppies/muppies and 33.4% of non-yuppies. No significant differences between groups were observed (p = .103) in this regard. There were no significant differences also between groups in practiced days per week leisure-time PA (walking p = .069, moderate PA p = .095, vigorous PA p = .256). The average value of MET-min/week for vigorous PA during leisure time was significantly higher declared (p = .03) by the yuppie/muppie group (628.7 ± 1415.5 vs. 345.8 ± 1073.4 MET-min/week). Conclusions: Yuppies and muppies cannot be regarded as a role model for Polish society in terms of taking up active leisure-time activities and meeting World Health Organization recommendations. Thus, it seems valuable to carry out further research in order to find role-model groups within the population aged 20-39.
背景:年轻城市专业人士(雅皮士)的价值观仍然有效,可以找到年轻人生活方式的参考。这也适用于年轻一代,换句话说,中年城市专业人士(muppies)。目的:评估雅皮士和雅皮士是否可以成为社会在休闲体育活动(PA)领域的榜样。方法:在两项研究(N=1053,N=1067)中,通过综合调查对波兰人的代表性样本进行调查。选择20-39岁的人(N=762),根据教育、城市居住、学习技能、工作特点、收入等标准,建立了雅皮士/穆皮士群体(N=67)和非雅皮士(N=695)。采用国际体育活动问卷-长表。结果:43.3%的雅皮士/雅皮士和33.4%的非雅皮士符合世界卫生组织的建议。在这方面,各组之间没有观察到显著差异(p=.103)。两组在每周锻炼天数的休闲时间PA方面也没有显著差异(步行p=.069,中度PA p=.095,剧烈PA p=.256)。雅皮士/雅皮士组宣布的休闲时间剧烈PA的MET分钟/周平均值显著高于雅皮士(628.7±1415.5 vs.345.8±1073.4 MET分钟每周)。结论:就积极参与休闲活动和满足世界卫生组织的建议而言,雅皮士和雅皮士不能被视为波兰社会的榜样。因此,为了在20-39岁的人群中找到榜样群体,进行进一步的研究似乎很有价值。
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引用次数: 1
Aggression and anxiety trait level of young male contact and noncontact athletes 年轻男性接触与非接触运动员攻击与焦虑特质水平
IF 1.1 Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2020.001
P. Pačesová, Pavel Šmela
Background: It is necessary to deal with the aggressive behaviour of young people and find out whether sport can play a role in this area. So far, findings indicate modification role of sports activity and its type in terms of contact's occurrence, in the behavior of individuals. Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the level of the dimension of aggression and anxiety trait between nonathletes and contact and noncontact sport athletes and to assess the relationship between dimensions of aggression and the level of anxiety trait across the groups. Methods: The research group consisted of 153 males aged 22.07 ± 2.49 years: 47 contact sport athletes, 51 noncontact sport athletes and 55 nonathletes. Dimensions of aggression were evaluated by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, anxiety trait was evaluated by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The differences between the groups were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test was used for posthoc pairwise comparisons. Relationship between dimensions of aggression and anxiety trait was assessed by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: We found that nonathletes were more physically aggressive than contact sport athletes and they also displayed a higher level of anger and hostility. Moreover, nonathletes were more hostile, physical and verbally aggressive than noncontact sport athletes. Nonathletes also had a higher level of anxiety trait than athletes. There was no difference between athletes in any dimension of aggression and anxiety trait level. Besides that, we found a significant relationship between anxiety trait level and physical aggression across the groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sports activity can be beneficial for personality in both contact and noncontact athletes. Sport activity may be one of the factors which increase the possibility of releasing of aggression, while "contactness" of the sport does not play any major role in the aggression of athletes.
背景:有必要处理年轻人的攻击性行为,并找出体育是否可以在这方面发挥作用。到目前为止,研究结果表明,体育活动及其类型在接触发生方面对个体行为的改变作用。目的:比较非运动员与接触性和非接触性运动运动员的攻击维度和焦虑特质的水平,并评估各组间攻击维度与焦虑特质水平的关系。方法:研究对象为男性153例(22.07±2.49岁),其中接触性运动运动员47例,非接触性运动运动员51例,非接触性运动运动员55例。攻击维度采用Buss-Perry攻击问卷评估,焦虑特质采用状态-特质焦虑量表评估。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验评估组间差异,采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行事后两两比较。攻击行为各维度与焦虑特质的关系采用Spearman相关系数进行评估。结果:我们发现非运动员比身体接触运动的运动员更具攻击性,他们也表现出更高的愤怒和敌意。此外,非运动员比非接触运动运动员更具敌意、身体和言语攻击性。非运动员的焦虑水平也高于运动员。运动员在攻击性和焦虑特质各维度上均无显著差异。此外,我们还发现焦虑特质水平与肢体攻击之间存在显著的关系。结论:我们的研究结果表明,体育活动对接触和非接触运动员的个性都有好处。体育活动可能是增加攻击性释放可能性的因素之一,而运动的“接触性”对运动员的攻击性不起主要作用。
{"title":"Aggression and anxiety trait level of young male contact and noncontact athletes","authors":"P. Pačesová, Pavel Šmela","doi":"10.5507/ag.2020.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2020.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is necessary to deal with the aggressive behaviour of young people and find out whether sport can play a role in this area. So far, findings indicate modification role of sports activity and its type in terms of contact's occurrence, in the behavior of individuals. Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the level of the dimension of aggression and anxiety trait between nonathletes and contact and noncontact sport athletes and to assess the relationship between dimensions of aggression and the level of anxiety trait across the groups. Methods: The research group consisted of 153 males aged 22.07 ± 2.49 years: 47 contact sport athletes, 51 noncontact sport athletes and 55 nonathletes. Dimensions of aggression were evaluated by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, anxiety trait was evaluated by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The differences between the groups were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test was used for posthoc pairwise comparisons. Relationship between dimensions of aggression and anxiety trait was assessed by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: We found that nonathletes were more physically aggressive than contact sport athletes and they also displayed a higher level of anger and hostility. Moreover, nonathletes were more hostile, physical and verbally aggressive than noncontact sport athletes. Nonathletes also had a higher level of anxiety trait than athletes. There was no difference between athletes in any dimension of aggression and anxiety trait level. Besides that, we found a significant relationship between anxiety trait level and physical aggression across the groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sports activity can be beneficial for personality in both contact and noncontact athletes. Sport activity may be one of the factors which increase the possibility of releasing of aggression, while \"contactness\" of the sport does not play any major role in the aggression of athletes.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47287105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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Acta Gymnica
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