K. Ng, P. Baďura, A. Dzielska, S. Kokko, C. Woods, Z. Hamrik
Background: Researchers are interested in using digital tools, such as physical activity trackers (PAT), to promote and measure physical activity. PAT is a fast-growing research area that measures movement therefore, reliable questions on the ownership and use of PATs among adolescent populations need to be developed. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct an intra-rater test-retest reliability study on PAT survey items used for surveillance purposes among young adolescents in ownership and use of smartphone applications (apps) and heart rate monitors (HRM). Methods: Young adolescents (N = 755; 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds) in the Olomouc region of the Czech Republic were recruited to complete the questionnaire with a three-week gap during autumn 2017. Kappa statistics were used for measuring reliability. Results: When items were dichotomised into owners and non-owners, there was moderate agreement for boys (apps Kappa = .563, HRM Kappa = .575) and girls (apps Kappa = .447, HRM Kappa = .443). Conclusions: Measures in ownership and use of PAT can be assumed reliable among young adolescents.
{"title":"Test-retest reliability of survey items on ownership and use of physical activity trackers","authors":"K. Ng, P. Baďura, A. Dzielska, S. Kokko, C. Woods, Z. Hamrik","doi":"10.5507/AG.2019.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2019.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Researchers are interested in using digital tools, such as physical activity trackers (PAT), to promote and measure physical activity. PAT is a fast-growing research area that measures movement therefore, reliable questions on the ownership and use of PATs among adolescent populations need to be developed. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct an intra-rater test-retest reliability study on PAT survey items used for surveillance purposes among young adolescents in ownership and use of smartphone applications (apps) and heart rate monitors (HRM). Methods: Young adolescents (N = 755; 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds) in the Olomouc region of the Czech Republic were recruited to complete the questionnaire with a three-week gap during autumn 2017. Kappa statistics were used for measuring reliability. Results: When items were dichotomised into owners and non-owners, there was moderate agreement for boys (apps Kappa = .563, HRM Kappa = .575) and girls (apps Kappa = .447, HRM Kappa = .443). Conclusions: Measures in ownership and use of PAT can be assumed reliable among young adolescents.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48883850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: As insufficient physical activity is a widespread public health problem, the patients' perspective and experiences during their efforts to increase levels of physical activity need to be explored and elucidated. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to qualitatively analyze the patient-written email messages in order to explore patients' experiences during a 12-week pedometer-based physical activity intervention in a primary care setting that was paired with email counseling. Methods: The content of 31 email messages from 10 participants was extracted, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: We identified 22 themes that were grouped into 3 categories: reflections on the pedometer-based intervention, use of behavior change techniques, and barriers that affected participants' engagement in physical activity. We have also anecdotally described several interesting aspects of behavior change techniques: negative attitudes elicited by the goal setting process, learning from their own data, and enjoyment associated with self-monitoring. Conclusion: Qualitatively analyzing email messages written as part of the physical activity counseling process is useful in documenting patients' perceptions and use of different behavior change techniques and their reported barriers that get in the way of increasing their physical activity.
{"title":"A qualitative exploration of the experiences of primary care patients engaged in email counseling meant to increase physical activity","authors":"T. Větrovský, Klaudia Vetrovska, V. Bunc","doi":"10.5507/AG.2019.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2019.005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As insufficient physical activity is a widespread public health problem, the patients' perspective and experiences during their efforts to increase levels of physical activity need to be explored and elucidated. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to qualitatively analyze the patient-written email messages in order to explore patients' experiences during a 12-week pedometer-based physical activity intervention in a primary care setting that was paired with email counseling. Methods: The content of 31 email messages from 10 participants was extracted, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: We identified 22 themes that were grouped into 3 categories: reflections on the pedometer-based intervention, use of behavior change techniques, and barriers that affected participants' engagement in physical activity. We have also anecdotally described several interesting aspects of behavior change techniques: negative attitudes elicited by the goal setting process, learning from their own data, and enjoyment associated with self-monitoring. Conclusion: Qualitatively analyzing email messages written as part of the physical activity counseling process is useful in documenting patients' perceptions and use of different behavior change techniques and their reported barriers that get in the way of increasing their physical activity.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45728643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children test - 2nd edition (MABC-2) is one of the most commonly used tools to assess motor coordination in children. The question for clinical and psychological practice is whether the age band 3 (AB3) could be suitable also for 17-19-year-old adolescents. Objective: To examine the validity of the MABC-2 - AB3 test for 17-19-year-old adolescents. Methods: : One hundred twenty participants (60 boys and 60 girls) were assessed using the AB3 of the MABC-2 test. The validity of the AB3 for 17-19-year-old adolescents was assessed using two procedures: (1) analysis of the age factor for performance in AB3 tasks (Kruskal-Wallis test), (2) the confirmatory factor analysis using the IBM SPSS AMOS 22.0 version performed on the test scores to verify the three-factor structure of the MABC-2 test. Results: Age was an important factor only in the unimanual task performed with the dominant and non-dominant hand, and in the bimanual task. The data of the 17-19-year-old participants did not fit to the original three-factor model of the MABC-2 test but fit to the modified model with two latent factors - manual dexterity and aiming & catching (χ2(25) = 28.224, p = .298, relative χ2 = 1.129, root-mean-square-error of approximation = .033, goodness of fit index = 0.966, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.920, and Tucker-Lewis index = 0.977). Conclusions: The AB3 version of the MABC-2 test indicated unsatisfactory validity for the assessment of motor competency in 17-19-year-old adolescents. The aiming and catching tasks, together with unimanual and bimanual coordination tasks seem to be applicable in psychological, educational and clinical practice for motor testing of older adolescents. However, the creation of new norms for older adolescents should be taken into consideration.
{"title":"Validity of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children test - 2nd edition in older adolescents","authors":"Ludvík Valtr, R. Psotta","doi":"10.5507/AG.2019.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2019.008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children test - 2nd edition (MABC-2) is one of the most commonly used tools to assess motor coordination in children. The question for clinical and psychological practice is whether the age band 3 (AB3) could be suitable also for 17-19-year-old adolescents. Objective: To examine the validity of the MABC-2 - AB3 test for 17-19-year-old adolescents. Methods: : One hundred twenty participants (60 boys and 60 girls) were assessed using the AB3 of the MABC-2 test. The validity of the AB3 for 17-19-year-old adolescents was assessed using two procedures: (1) analysis of the age factor for performance in AB3 tasks (Kruskal-Wallis test), (2) the confirmatory factor analysis using the IBM SPSS AMOS 22.0 version performed on the test scores to verify the three-factor structure of the MABC-2 test. Results: Age was an important factor only in the unimanual task performed with the dominant and non-dominant hand, and in the bimanual task. The data of the 17-19-year-old participants did not fit to the original three-factor model of the MABC-2 test but fit to the modified model with two latent factors - manual dexterity and aiming & catching (χ2(25) = 28.224, p = .298, relative χ2 = 1.129, root-mean-square-error of approximation = .033, goodness of fit index = 0.966, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.920, and Tucker-Lewis index = 0.977). Conclusions: The AB3 version of the MABC-2 test indicated unsatisfactory validity for the assessment of motor competency in 17-19-year-old adolescents. The aiming and catching tasks, together with unimanual and bimanual coordination tasks seem to be applicable in psychological, educational and clinical practice for motor testing of older adolescents. However, the creation of new norms for older adolescents should be taken into consideration.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42178635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuzana SvozilovĂĄ, Jana PelclovĂĄ, Jana PechovĂĄ, Miroslava PĹidalovĂĄ, Izabela ZajÄc-Gawlak, Lenka TluÄĂĄkovĂĄ, Tereza KaplanovĂĄ
Background: Despite broad interest in physical activity (PA) and excessive sitting, it remains unclear what the actual patterns of PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) in older adults are and how they are associated with adiposity. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between the total amount and defined bouts of PA and SB with adiposity indicators in older women. Methods: Data on 313 community-dwelling women was used. All women wore an accelerometer for one week and undergone the body composition analysis. We used three adiposity indicators: fat mass percentage (FM%), visceral fat area (VFA), fat mass index (FMI); and the fat-free mass index indicator (FFMI). In multiple linear regression analyses, we adjusted the models for the following confounders: age, wear time, socio-demographic information, smoking, and health status. Results: The mean values of FM%, VFA, FMI, and FFMI were 36.1%, 125.9 cm, 10 kg ⋅ m-2 and 17 kg ⋅ m-2, respectively. Each additional 150 minutes of MVPA per week (regardless of bout length) was associated with a decrease of 3.0% in FM%, 12 cm2 in VFA, and 1.5 kg ⋅ m-2 in FMI. Regarding strong association with bout frequency, doing MVPA lasting ≥ 10 minutes 15 times/week (to meet the target of at least 150 minutes of MVPA/week) would be associated with a decrease of 4.8% in FM%, 24.15 cm2 in VFA, and 2.55 kg ⋅ m-2 in FMI. Significant positive associations for FM%, VFA, and FMI were found with the duration and frequency of sedentary bouts lasting ≥ 20 minutes (β ranging from 0.05-0.42). Conclusions: Significant associations between fat indicators and both PA and SB were found in elderly women. The beneficial associations were much larger for frequency than for duration of bouted MVPA lasting ≥ 10 minutes. The results from this study using SB and PA in terms of total accumulated time and different bouts could be useful for designing interventions for community-dwelling older women.
{"title":"Associations between adiposity and physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns in older women","authors":"Zuzana SvozilovĂĄ, Jana PelclovĂĄ, Jana PechovĂĄ, Miroslava PĹidalovĂĄ, Izabela ZajÄc-Gawlak, Lenka TluÄĂĄkovĂĄ, Tereza KaplanovĂĄ","doi":"10.5507/AG.2019.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2019.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite broad interest in physical activity (PA) and excessive sitting, it remains unclear what the actual patterns of PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) in older adults are and how they are associated with adiposity. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between the total amount and defined bouts of PA and SB with adiposity indicators in older women. Methods: Data on 313 community-dwelling women was used. All women wore an accelerometer for one week and undergone the body composition analysis. We used three adiposity indicators: fat mass percentage (FM%), visceral fat area (VFA), fat mass index (FMI); and the fat-free mass index indicator (FFMI). In multiple linear regression analyses, we adjusted the models for the following confounders: age, wear time, socio-demographic information, smoking, and health status. Results: The mean values of FM%, VFA, FMI, and FFMI were 36.1%, 125.9 cm, 10 kg ⋅ m-2 and 17 kg ⋅ m-2, respectively. Each additional 150 minutes of MVPA per week (regardless of bout length) was associated with a decrease of 3.0% in FM%, 12 cm2 in VFA, and 1.5 kg ⋅ m-2 in FMI. Regarding strong association with bout frequency, doing MVPA lasting ≥ 10 minutes 15 times/week (to meet the target of at least 150 minutes of MVPA/week) would be associated with a decrease of 4.8% in FM%, 24.15 cm2 in VFA, and 2.55 kg ⋅ m-2 in FMI. Significant positive associations for FM%, VFA, and FMI were found with the duration and frequency of sedentary bouts lasting ≥ 20 minutes (β ranging from 0.05-0.42). Conclusions: Significant associations between fat indicators and both PA and SB were found in elderly women. The beneficial associations were much larger for frequency than for duration of bouted MVPA lasting ≥ 10 minutes. The results from this study using SB and PA in terms of total accumulated time and different bouts could be useful for designing interventions for community-dwelling older women.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Professional and recreational athletes use ergogenic aids to enhance aerobic performance, facilitate training adaptations, and reduce recovery time. While the ergogenic effect of commonly marketed and commercially available ergogenic aids (i.e., sodium bicarbonate and β-alanine) have been investigated extensively, the effectiveness of lactate supplementation on aerobic capacity markers (i.e., VO2peak and the onset blood lactate accumulation) has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lactate supplementation on VO2peak and the onset blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). Methods: Eighteen healthy individuals (14 men and 4 women, age: 24 ± 5 years, height: 171 ± 7 cm, body mass: 76 ± 17 kg) participated in a double-blind-placebo-controlled study and were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: placebo (PLA, n = 8), or supplement (SUP, n = 10) consisting of a combination of magnesium lactate dihydrate and calcium lactate monohydrate. Prior to and following supplementation, participants performed a cycling graded exercise test to determine VO2peak, time to exhaustion, power output, VO2 and % VO2peak associated with OBLA. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between PLA and SUP in direct markers of aerobic capacity (all p > .05). Heart rate at OBLA was reduced by 6 ± 6% in the PLA group post-supplementation compared to pre-supplementation (p = .03).Conclusions: Lactate supplementation did not present an advantage over a placebo in improving aerobic capacity. The results from this study support those by previous investigators suggesting that there is no physiological rationale for using lactate supplementation to improve aerobic capacity and/or performance.
{"title":"Effect of lactate supplementation on V̇O2peak and onset of blood lactate accumulation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Aaron E. Russ, Albino G Schifino, C. Leong","doi":"10.5507/AG.2019.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2019.004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Professional and recreational athletes use ergogenic aids to enhance aerobic performance, facilitate training adaptations, and reduce recovery time. While the ergogenic effect of commonly marketed and commercially available ergogenic aids (i.e., sodium bicarbonate and β-alanine) have been investigated extensively, the effectiveness of lactate supplementation on aerobic capacity markers (i.e., VO2peak and the onset blood lactate accumulation) has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lactate supplementation on VO2peak and the onset blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). Methods: Eighteen healthy individuals (14 men and 4 women, age: 24 ± 5 years, height: 171 ± 7 cm, body mass: 76 ± 17 kg) participated in a double-blind-placebo-controlled study and were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: placebo (PLA, n = 8), or supplement (SUP, n = 10) consisting of a combination of magnesium lactate dihydrate and calcium lactate monohydrate. Prior to and following supplementation, participants performed a cycling graded exercise test to determine VO2peak, time to exhaustion, power output, VO2 and % VO2peak associated with OBLA. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between PLA and SUP in direct markers of aerobic capacity (all p > .05). Heart rate at OBLA was reduced by 6 ± 6% in the PLA group post-supplementation compared to pre-supplementation (p = .03).Conclusions: Lactate supplementation did not present an advantage over a placebo in improving aerobic capacity. The results from this study support those by previous investigators suggesting that there is no physiological rationale for using lactate supplementation to improve aerobic capacity and/or performance.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45127918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is one of the most cited health protective factors for the prevention of the leading noncommunicable diseases. Four-fifths of adolescents are not reaching public health guidelines for recommended levels of PA globally. Understanding factors that influence PA can aid the design of more effective interventions. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association between potential parental and peer correlates and PA recommendations compliance among 13-16 years old adolescents. Methods: We used nationally representative data originated from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey realized in 2014 in Slovakia. Data were obtained by questionnaires measuring potential parental and peers' correlates. Gender differences were assessed using chi square test. The associations between potential parental or peers' correlates and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) of adolescents were explored using logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, and family affluence. Interaction of the effect of each parental and peer correlate with gender on MVPA was tested. Results: Prevalence of sufficient MVPA was higher among boys than among girls (p < .001). Boys reported more frequently than girls that their best friend does sport every week or that they used to play sport with parents at least once a week (p < .001). All explored variables representing potential parental and peers' correlates were significantly associated with sufficient MVPA of adolescents. However, only the association of a best friend and father doing sport every week and playing sport with parents remained significantly associated with sufficient MVPA of adolescents in mutually adjusted model. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that best friends and fathers may play role in PA behaviour of adolescents through behaviour modelling, and parents in general through tangible parental support (playing sport with children).
{"title":"Association between potential parental and peers' correlates and physical activity recommendations compliance among 13-16 years old adolescents","authors":"P. Bakalár, Jaroslava Kopcakova, A. Gecková","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.027","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is one of the most cited health protective factors for the prevention of the leading noncommunicable diseases. Four-fifths of adolescents are not reaching public health guidelines for recommended levels of PA globally. Understanding factors that influence PA can aid the design of more effective interventions. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association between potential parental and peer correlates and PA recommendations compliance among 13-16 years old adolescents. Methods: We used nationally representative data originated from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey realized in 2014 in Slovakia. Data were obtained by questionnaires measuring potential parental and peers' correlates. Gender differences were assessed using chi square test. The associations between potential parental or peers' correlates and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) of adolescents were explored using logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, and family affluence. Interaction of the effect of each parental and peer correlate with gender on MVPA was tested. Results: Prevalence of sufficient MVPA was higher among boys than among girls (p < .001). Boys reported more frequently than girls that their best friend does sport every week or that they used to play sport with parents at least once a week (p < .001). All explored variables representing potential parental and peers' correlates were significantly associated with sufficient MVPA of adolescents. However, only the association of a best friend and father doing sport every week and playing sport with parents remained significantly associated with sufficient MVPA of adolescents in mutually adjusted model. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that best friends and fathers may play role in PA behaviour of adolescents through behaviour modelling, and parents in general through tangible parental support (playing sport with children).","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48307990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although the useful effects of self-controlled feedback on motor skills learning have been proven, a study dealing with the effects of self-controlled and instructor-controlled feedback on learning and intrinsic motivation among novice taekwondo players has so far not been conducted. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of self-controlled and instructor-controlled feedback on learning the ap chagi technique and intrinsic motivation among novice adolescent taekwondo players. Methods: Thirty participants (12.43 ± 2.08 years) were selected purposefully and homogeneously based on pre-test scores. They were categorized in the three groups, namely self-control, yoked, and instructor-control. The acquisition phase consisted of 100 ap chagi in 10 blocks of 10 trials. The practices were done over four days and the retention test was conducted 48 hours after the last practice session. The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory was administered to evaluate participants' subjective experience associated with the target task. The task included the ap chagi technique that contained five sub-scales were derived from the evaluation form of World Taekwondo Federation for rating the trials. Mixed and one-way ANOVA models were utilized to analyze the data. Results: The results demonstrated that self-control group have better ap chagi performance during retention test compared to other groups (p = .007). Moreover, the results of intrinsic motivation questionnaire indicated that motivation of self-control group was higher, especially in terms of perceived competence (p = .004) than the other two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the usefulness of self-controlled feedback for motor learning by way of an ap chagi technique task. Feedback also affects a learner's intrinsic motivation, which, in turn, seems to improve learning.
{"title":"The effects of self-controlled and instructor-controlled feedback on motor learning and intrinsic motivation among novice adolescent taekwondo players","authors":"R. Goudini, Saeed Ashrafpoornavaee, A. Farsi","doi":"10.5507/ag.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although the useful effects of self-controlled feedback on motor skills learning have been proven, a study dealing with the effects of self-controlled and instructor-controlled feedback on learning and intrinsic motivation among novice taekwondo players has so far not been conducted. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of self-controlled and instructor-controlled feedback on learning the ap chagi technique and intrinsic motivation among novice adolescent taekwondo players. Methods: Thirty participants (12.43 ± 2.08 years) were selected purposefully and homogeneously based on pre-test scores. They were categorized in the three groups, namely self-control, yoked, and instructor-control. The acquisition phase consisted of 100 ap chagi in 10 blocks of 10 trials. The practices were done over four days and the retention test was conducted 48 hours after the last practice session. The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory was administered to evaluate participants' subjective experience associated with the target task. The task included the ap chagi technique that contained five sub-scales were derived from the evaluation form of World Taekwondo Federation for rating the trials. Mixed and one-way ANOVA models were utilized to analyze the data. Results: The results demonstrated that self-control group have better ap chagi performance during retention test compared to other groups (p = .007). Moreover, the results of intrinsic motivation questionnaire indicated that motivation of self-control group was higher, especially in terms of perceived competence (p = .004) than the other two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the usefulness of self-controlled feedback for motor learning by way of an ap chagi technique task. Feedback also affects a learner's intrinsic motivation, which, in turn, seems to improve learning.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43669472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Tennis players perform a large number of multidirectional and cutting movements, together with asymmetrical rotational motions resulting from serves and groundstrokes. Numerous shot repetitions and multidirectional motions directly influence a tennis player's upper and lower extremity joint range of motion (ROM). Objective: This study evaluated the changes in the range of motion of junior tennis players before and after match play. Methods: Twelve male (age 14.4 ± 1.3 years) and twelve female (age 13.4 ± 2.1 years) junior tennis players participated in the study. Two skilled experts performed 13 tests to measure passive range of motion of the dominant and non-dominant shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and subtalar joints, before and after match play. The t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to determine the differences between the ROM before and after the tennis match, and the differences between the dominant and non-dominant sides of the body. Results: Bilateral measurement of the internal rotation of the shoulder joints, forearm pronation, and inversion of the subtalar joints before match play, show significant differences between extremities, similarly as the elevation of the arm in the coronal plane and forearm pronation, after a tennis match, were also found to display statistically significant differences. ROM values were higher for the internal rotation of both shoulders, external rotation of the non-dominant shoulder, elevation of the arms in the coronal plane, flexion in the elbow joints, pronation in the forearms, adduction in the hips, as well as eversion and inversion of the subtalar joints. Conclusions: Male and female junior tennis players increase their joint ROM during match play through motions which are involved in the execution of tennis shots and tennis movement patterns. Tennis matches that last 90 minutes or less do not have a negative impact on the flexibility of young tennis players.
{"title":"The effect of tennis match play on joint range of motion in junior players","authors":"Rok Šrimpf, Tjasa Filipcic, A. Filipcic","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tennis players perform a large number of multidirectional and cutting movements, together with asymmetrical rotational motions resulting from serves and groundstrokes. Numerous shot repetitions and multidirectional motions directly influence a tennis player's upper and lower extremity joint range of motion (ROM). Objective: This study evaluated the changes in the range of motion of junior tennis players before and after match play. Methods: Twelve male (age 14.4 ± 1.3 years) and twelve female (age 13.4 ± 2.1 years) junior tennis players participated in the study. Two skilled experts performed 13 tests to measure passive range of motion of the dominant and non-dominant shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and subtalar joints, before and after match play. The t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to determine the differences between the ROM before and after the tennis match, and the differences between the dominant and non-dominant sides of the body. Results: Bilateral measurement of the internal rotation of the shoulder joints, forearm pronation, and inversion of the subtalar joints before match play, show significant differences between extremities, similarly as the elevation of the arm in the coronal plane and forearm pronation, after a tennis match, were also found to display statistically significant differences. ROM values were higher for the internal rotation of both shoulders, external rotation of the non-dominant shoulder, elevation of the arms in the coronal plane, flexion in the elbow joints, pronation in the forearms, adduction in the hips, as well as eversion and inversion of the subtalar joints. Conclusions: Male and female junior tennis players increase their joint ROM during match play through motions which are involved in the execution of tennis shots and tennis movement patterns. Tennis matches that last 90 minutes or less do not have a negative impact on the flexibility of young tennis players.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49447811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sweating, increased heart rate, fidgeting, worrying thoughts and fear of failure are typical symptoms of an inability to manage stress in an important moment of match. Thus, there is well-founded need for psychological training that can help ice hockey players to control their emotions in stressful situations. Objective: Because of a lack of research monitoring mental skills of ice hockey players, the aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, anxiety of ice hockey players and their coping strategies to manage stress. Methods: The study sample consisted of 40 male ice hockey players with age of 21.67 ± 1.94 years. The level of self-esteem was evaluated by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale RSES, anxiety was measured by the Sport Anxiety Scale SAS-2, and coping strategies to manage stress were assessed by the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory ACSI-28. The study used the correlational research design with Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: We found that coping strategies to manage stress have significant relationship with at least one anxiety construct of the ice hockey players, namely coping with adversity, coachability, concentration, goal setting and mental preparation, peaking under pressure and freedom from worry. We also found that coping strategies to manage stress have significant relationship with the self-esteem of ice hockey players, namely coping with adversity, concentration and freedom from worry. Conclusion: Our research showed that the level of coping strategies to manage stress varies according to the level of self-esteem and the level of the anxiety. It seems that reduced anxiety and increased self-esteem can lead to better stress management and optimal competition performance.
{"title":"Self-esteem, anxiety and coping strategies to manage stress in ice hockey","authors":"Adriana Kaplánová","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sweating, increased heart rate, fidgeting, worrying thoughts and fear of failure are typical symptoms of an inability to manage stress in an important moment of match. Thus, there is well-founded need for psychological training that can help ice hockey players to control their emotions in stressful situations. Objective: Because of a lack of research monitoring mental skills of ice hockey players, the aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, anxiety of ice hockey players and their coping strategies to manage stress. Methods: The study sample consisted of 40 male ice hockey players with age of 21.67 ± 1.94 years. The level of self-esteem was evaluated by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale RSES, anxiety was measured by the Sport Anxiety Scale SAS-2, and coping strategies to manage stress were assessed by the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory ACSI-28. The study used the correlational research design with Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: We found that coping strategies to manage stress have significant relationship with at least one anxiety construct of the ice hockey players, namely coping with adversity, coachability, concentration, goal setting and mental preparation, peaking under pressure and freedom from worry. We also found that coping strategies to manage stress have significant relationship with the self-esteem of ice hockey players, namely coping with adversity, concentration and freedom from worry. Conclusion: Our research showed that the level of coping strategies to manage stress varies according to the level of self-esteem and the level of the anxiety. It seems that reduced anxiety and increased self-esteem can lead to better stress management and optimal competition performance.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Physical self has been considered as one of the most important factors that impact global self-esteem. Similarly to global self-esteem, physical self is now widely accepted as a multidimensional construct which contains more specific perceptions across various domains. However, limited research examined physical self of athletes with physical disabilities. Objective: This study, aimed to investigate physical self-esteem of wheelchair basketball players and to explore correlations among various physical domains and physical self-esteem. Methods: Forty one basketball players who participated in West Asian Wheelchair Basketball Championship for the clubs completed Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ). It is a 70-item questionnaire that measures physical self-perception across nine domains: Health, Coordination, Activity, Body Fat, Sport Competence, Appearance, Strength, Flexibility, and Endurance. Additionally, this questionnaire assesses each of Physical Self-Esteem and Global Self-Esteem. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure these correlations. Results: Study results showed that the participants reported positive perceptions across all physical domains as means ranged from 3.86 to 4.93 (out of 6). The highest mean was 4.93 for global self-esteem followed by physical appearance and body fat (mean 4.75 and 4.70 respectively), whereas physical activity had the lowest mean of 3.86. Furthermore, all domains were significantly correlated to the physical self-esteem. Importantly, coordination accounted for 85.9% and 54.4% of the variance in physical self-esteem and physical activity respectively.Conclusion: This study supports a multidimensional construct of physical self-esteem, suggesting that PSDQ may be applied on the wheelchair basketball players in the Middle East countries.
{"title":"Physical self-esteem of wheelchair basketball players","authors":"Samir Qasim, Yaser Telfah, Yazan Haddad","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical self has been considered as one of the most important factors that impact global self-esteem. Similarly to global self-esteem, physical self is now widely accepted as a multidimensional construct which contains more specific perceptions across various domains. However, limited research examined physical self of athletes with physical disabilities. Objective: This study, aimed to investigate physical self-esteem of wheelchair basketball players and to explore correlations among various physical domains and physical self-esteem. Methods: Forty one basketball players who participated in West Asian Wheelchair Basketball Championship for the clubs completed Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ). It is a 70-item questionnaire that measures physical self-perception across nine domains: Health, Coordination, Activity, Body Fat, Sport Competence, Appearance, Strength, Flexibility, and Endurance. Additionally, this questionnaire assesses each of Physical Self-Esteem and Global Self-Esteem. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure these correlations. Results: Study results showed that the participants reported positive perceptions across all physical domains as means ranged from 3.86 to 4.93 (out of 6). The highest mean was 4.93 for global self-esteem followed by physical appearance and body fat (mean 4.75 and 4.70 respectively), whereas physical activity had the lowest mean of 3.86. Furthermore, all domains were significantly correlated to the physical self-esteem. Importantly, coordination accounted for 85.9% and 54.4% of the variance in physical self-esteem and physical activity respectively.Conclusion: This study supports a multidimensional construct of physical self-esteem, suggesting that PSDQ may be applied on the wheelchair basketball players in the Middle East countries.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43104569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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