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Vectors for improving development strategies of Russian enterprises in the context of prerequisites for transformation of the Russian economy 在俄罗斯经济转型的先决条件下改进俄罗斯企业发展战略的途径
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2024-7-1-48-60
A. A. Shvachko
The article provides an analysis of changes in trends in the Russian economy based on macroeconomic indicators (gross domestic product per capita, inflation rate, unemployment rate). The key factors are the historically low unemployment rate (due to demographic trends in society) and the growing number of individual accounts on the Moscow Exchange. These factors force Russian enterprises and companies to change the extensive type of economic growth to the intensive one. The purpose of the study is to highlight main trends of the changes in the economy (on the basis of the analysis of macroeconomic indicators) and possible options for responding to them for domestic enterprises. The work used universal and general scientific methods of cognition, such as dialectical, analytical, and statistical methods. The result of the analysis of the Russian macroeconomic indicators is presented, basic trends that can have a significant impact on the strategies of enterprise development are identified. It is proposed to use elements of the ESG (environmental, social, governance) approach or process-flow model as ways to respond to them. The main tasks that enterprises face are outlined along with the criteria for choosing the direction of improvement.
文章根据宏观经济指标(人均国内生产总值、通货膨胀率、失业率)分析了俄罗斯经济趋势的变化。关键因素是失业率处于历史低位(由于社会人口发展趋势)以及莫斯科交易所个人账户数量不断增加。这些因素迫使俄罗斯企业和公司将粗放型经济增长方式转变为集约型经济增长方式。研究的目的是突出经济变化的主要趋势(以宏观经济指标分析为基础)以及国内企业应对这些变化的可能方案。这项工作采用了普遍和一般的科学认知方法,如辩证法、分析法和统计法。对俄罗斯宏观经济指标进行分析的结果,确定了可能对企业发展战略产生重大影响的基本趋势。建议使用 ESG(环境、社会、治理)方法或流程模型的要素来应对这些趋势。概述了企业面临的主要任务以及选择改进方向的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing food losses as a tool for managing economic and social development 将减少粮食损失作为管理经济和社会发展的工具
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2024-7-1-28-35
O. Zinina, J. Olentsova
The principles of rational production and consumption are one of the key themes of “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Today, most countries of the world are implementing various initiatives aimed at creating a closed-cycle economy, at rational use of natural resources, at preservation of the environment and natural biodiversity, at the development of rational ways to produce, sell, and consume food. The amount of food waste has increased significantly and become a global problem amid growing concern about hunger in a number of states. Food-sharing is a solution to the problem, provided that an appropriate structure is developed that will guide its application. The sharing economy was named as a suitable basis. The autonomous non-commercial organisation “Food-sharing” was chosen as an object in this study. The key goal of the study is to optimise the daily work of the volunteer, coordinator and organisation as a whole that deals with this problem. Possible parameters for the analysis: the volume of products received during the period, the sources of products received, the categories to which they belong (fruits, bakery products, meat, etc.), the geography of exports, the number of volunteers involved during the period, the number of final recipients during the period.
合理生产和消费原则是《2030 年可持续发展议程》的重要主题之一。如今,世界上大多数国家都在实施各种举措,旨在建立封闭式循环经济,合理利用自然资源,保护环境和自然生物多样性,发展合理的粮食生产、销售和消费方式。随着一些国家对饥饿问题的日益关注,粮食浪费量大幅增加,已成为一个全球性问题。食物共享是解决这一问题的一个办法,但前提是要建立一个适当的结构来指导其应用。共享经济被认为是一个合适的基础。本研究选择了非商业性自治组织 "食品共享 "作为研究对象。研究的主要目标是优化处理这一问题的志愿者、协调人和整个组织的日常工作。可能的分析参数:在此期间接收的产品数量、接收产品的来源、所属类别(水果、烘焙产品、肉类等)、出口地域、在此期间参与的志愿者人数、在此期间最终接收者的人数。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive potential of Russian economic growth in the context of decline in foreign direct investment 外国直接投资下降背景下俄罗斯经济增长的适应潜力
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2024-7-1-36-47
S. Krasnykh
This study analyses the adaptive potential of Russia’s economic growth in the context of decline in foreign direct investment (hereinafter referred to as FDI). In light of today’s geopolitical environment, marked by increased trade tension and protectionist measures, understanding the impact of FDI on Russia’s gross domestic product (hereinafter referred to as GDP) becomes critical for policy-making and economic planning. The study employs a vector autoregression modeling approach (hereinafter referred to as VAR) to analyse the dynamics of Russia’s GDP and FDI inflows with consideration to various economic and geopolitical factors. Besides, an extensive dataset is used covering the period from 1996 to 2021 which includes relevant macroeconomic indicators and geopolitical events. The VAR model allows to study short- and long-term correlations between variables reflecting dynamic interaction and feedback effects. In addition, impulse response analysis is used to estimate the magnitude and sustainability of economic growth under conditions of economic instability. The results of the study contribute to understanding the adaptative potential of Russia’s economic growth in the context of FDI restrictions from Western countries. The analysis provides insight into the significance of FDI inflows for the Russian GDP with consideration to the impact of various economic and geopolitical factors.
本研究分析了在外国直接投资(以下简称 "FDI")下降的背景下俄罗斯经济增长的适应潜力。当今地缘政治环境的特点是贸易紧张局势和保护主义措施加剧,因此,了解外国直接投资对俄罗斯国内生产总值(以下简称 GDP)的影响对于政策制定和经济规划至关重要。本研究采用向量自回归模型方法(以下简称 VAR)来分析俄罗斯国内生产总值和外国直接投资流入量的动态变化,同时考虑到各种经济和地缘政治因素。此外,我们还使用了涵盖 1996 年至 2021 年的大量数据集,其中包括相关宏观经济指标和地缘政治事件。VAR 模型可以研究变量之间的短期和长期相关性,反映动态互动和反馈效应。此外,还使用脉冲响应分析来估计经济不稳定条件下经济增长的幅度和可持续性。研究结果有助于理解在西方国家限制外国直接投资的背景下俄罗斯经济增长的适应潜力。考虑到各种经济和地缘政治因素的影响,该分析有助于深入了解外国直接投资流入对俄罗斯国内生产总值的重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Semasiological management 半科学管理
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2024-7-1-61-69
V. Tsvetkov
The development of society is accompanied by an increase in the complexity of management objects and management mechanisms. To counteract the growth of complexity, new management models and methods should be introduced. New methods include semasiological management which uses a model approach and induction principle. It borrows the ideas of semasiology from linguistics and forms management decisions on the basis of application of information management units. Despite the fact that this complicates the preliminary process of preparing for management, it also gives an advantage in the comparability of different management decisions and technologies. Semasiological management allows, when reconfiguring management, not to create management models anew, but to modernise them by replacing management information units or forming new combinations of these units. Semasiological management is related to onomasiological information modeling and requires its use. In addition, it can be used in automated management, smart management, and digital twin management. Semasiological management requires special organisation and specific training, such as a special management language. The research proposes a variant of semasiological management which is based on the application of the theory of information units.
社会的发展伴随着管理对象和管理机制复杂性的增加。为应对复杂性的增长,应引入新的管理模式和方法。新的方法包括采用模型方法和归纳原理的语义学管理。它借鉴了语言学中的语义学思想,在应用信息管理单元的基础上形成管理决策。尽管这会使管理的前期准备工作复杂化,但它也为不同管理决策和技术的可比性提供了优势。半符号学管理允许在重新配置管理时,不是重新创建管理模式,而是通过替换管理信息单元或形成这些单元的新组合来实现管理模式的现代化。半意识形态管理与拟意识形态信息建模相关,需要使用拟意识形态信息建模。此外,它还可用于自动化管理、智能管理和数字孪生管理。语义学管理需要专门的组织和专门的培训,如专门的管理语言。本研究提出了一种基于信息单元理论应用的半符号学管理变体。
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引用次数: 0
Managerial challenges in the conditions of digitalisation. A review of the book “Management for digital transformation” (Springer, 2024) 数字化条件下的管理挑战。数字化转型管理》一书的评论(施普林格出版社,2024 年)
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2024-7-1-70-74
D. Ruban
The active processes of digitalisation of socio-economic systems require modifications of managerial activities which should be facilitated by relevant scientific developments. This article is a review of the monograph devoted to peculiarities of management in the conditions of digital transformation and written by the international team of specialists. The work includes 9 main chapters which address very different aspects of the problem and particularly control during digitalisation, technology transfer, talent management, interaction with customers, marketing tools, e-commerce, functioning of virtual teams, inter-organisational collaboration, management of digital waste. Generally, it is found that despite the fact that digitalisation opens new perspectives for managerial activities, it also forms significant difficulties, and its effects are ambivalent or can often be negative. The considered research field seems to be rather poorly studied, and the monograph successfully poses new questions for the subsequent investigations. The reviewed work demonstrates the mosaic composition; nonetheless, it is informative and offers an original view of the problem. It contains a lot of interesting conceptual constructs and is rich in factual materials. Also, the edition is distinguished by a substantial number of terms, and the available subject index facilitates better orientation in the latter. The style is purely academic, but the potential readership seems to be wide. Despite a few minor deficiencies, the monograph, undoubtedly, will be interesting to Russian specialists.
社会经济系统数字化的积极进程要求对管理活动进行调整,而相关的科学发展则应为其提供便利。本文是对国际专家团队撰写的专著《数字化转型条件下管理的特殊性》的评论。该著作包括 9 个主要章节,涉及问题的不同方面,特别是数字化过程中的控制、技术转让、人才管理、与客户的互动、营销工具、电子商务、虚拟团队的运作、组织间协作、数字废物管理。总体而言,研究发现,尽管数字化为管理活动开辟了新的前景,但同时也带来了巨大的困难,其影响是矛盾的,或者往往是负面的。对这一研究领域的研究似乎不够深入,本专著成功地为后续研究提出了新的问题。所评论的作品展示了马赛克式的构成;然而,它内容丰富,对问题提出了新颖的看法。书中包含了许多有趣的概念构建和丰富的事实材料。此外,该版本以大量术语而著称,可用的主题索引有助于更好地确定后者的方向。该书风格纯学术性,但潜在读者似乎很广泛。尽管存在一些小的不足,但毫无疑问,俄罗斯专家会对这本专著感兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation between income inequality and economic growth in Russian regions: new results based on the Granger causality test 俄罗斯各地区收入不平等与经济增长之间的相关性:基于格兰杰因果检验的新结果
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2024-7-1-15-27
M. Dorofeev
The issue of income inequality is highly relevant in scientific literature. It is caused both by the population’s pursuit of achieving an acceptable level of social justice specific to a particular society and by the property, which is often attributed to income inequality, to negatively influence economic development and growth. This article conducts an analysis of cause-and-effect relations between income inequality in the Russian regions (measured by the Gini index) and the level of gross regional product (hereinafter referred to as GRP) per capita. The primary research method employed is the Granger causality test. The research is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service on the socio-economic development of Russian regions. Direct and reversal causality tests were performed, revealing that GRP per capita influences income inequality, but not vice versa. Moreover, the logarithm of GRP per capita exhibits a bidirectional relationship with the Gini index for Russian regions. On the basis of the obtained results, it is concluded that for effective management of the issue of regional income inequality, it is advisable to use indirect methods of financial regulation instead of the direct ones and influence income inequality through indicators of GRP per capita in Russian regions, thereby creating conditions for an increase in the standard of living and average income.
收入不平等问题与科学文献高度相关。造成收入不平等的原因既有民众追求实现特定社会可接受的社会公正水平,也有收入不平等通常对经济发展和增长产生负面影响的属性。本文分析了俄罗斯各地区收入不平等(以基尼指数衡量)与人均地区生产总值(以下简称 GRP)水平之间的因果关系。采用的主要研究方法是格兰杰因果检验法。研究以联邦国家统计局关于俄罗斯各地区社会经济发展的数据为基础。进行的直接和反向因果检验表明,人均 GRP 会影响收入不平等,但反之亦然。此外,人均 GRP 的对数与俄罗斯各地区的基尼指数呈双向关系。根据所得结果得出结论,为了有效解决地区收入不平等问题,最好使用间接的金融监管方法而不是直接的金融监管方法,通过俄罗斯各地区的人均 GRP 指标来影响收入不平等,从而为提高生活水平和平均收入创造条件。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation of the development model of the building materials industry with consideration to changes in the economic structure during digitalisation of business processes 考虑到业务流程数字化过程中经济结构的变化,转变建材行业的发展模式
Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2024-7-1-4-14
O. Astafyeva
In the process of digitalisation of the economy, economic integration occurs at the micro, meso and macro levels. There is a need to change the model of industrial development with consideration to the ongoing changes in the economic structure. The article proposes the author’s model for development of the building materials industry, reflecting a new approach to the use of resources and formation of resource potential by a set of enterprises. An attempt has been made to present options for increasing production capacity of industrial enterprises based on the developed scale which allows determining the need to reserve production capacity when enterprises conduct activities in a single ecosystem. The article determined the features of the developed model and its advantages for the building materials industry and related industries, the importance of interaction processes in the formation of economic relations and results. The presented results are of an applied nature, reflect the specifics and directions of development of economics of ecosystems in relation to the industrial sector, determine the role of the building materials industry in the structural transformation of the economy and its purpose in the reproduction process. The search for ways of sustainable industrial development is defined on the basis of the presented development model and opportunities created as a result of the emergence of a new version of industry interaction between economic entities. The essence of reproduction processes in the ecosystem is reflected, considering the functional purpose of economic entities and characteristics of reproduction of fixed assets in industry.
在经济数字化过程中,经济一体化发生在微观、中观和宏观层面。考虑到经济结构的不断变化,有必要改变工业发展模式。文章提出了作者的建材工业发展模式,反映了一系列企业利用资源和形成资源潜力的新方法。文章试图根据所制定的规模提出提高工业企业生产能力的方案,该规模可以确定企业在单一生态系统中开展活动时储备生产能力的必要性。文章确定了所开发模型的特点及其在建材行业和相关行业中的优势、互动过程在形成经济关系和结果中的重要性。所提出的结果具有应用性质,反映了与工业部门相关的生态系统经济学的特点和发展方向,确定了建材工业在经济结构转型中的作用及其在再生产过程中的目的。根据所提出的发展模式和经济实体之间新的产业互动模式的出现所带来的机遇,确定了寻求可持续工业发展的途径。考虑到经济实体的功能目的和工业固定资产再生产的特点,反映了生态系统再生产过程的本质。
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引用次数: 0
Contemporary Asian experience of digitalization and sustainable development in economy and management. A review of the book “Business and management in Asia: digital innovation and sustainability” (Springer, 2023) 当代亚洲经济和管理数字化与可持续发展的经验。亚洲的商业与管理:数字化创新与可持续发展》一书的评论(施普林格出版社,2023 年)
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2023-6-4-125-130
D. Ruban
Entering the markets of Asian countries and developing cooperation with their business structures are important tasks, which makes it relevant to study current trends in economic and management changes in these countries. This work is a review of a book on the Asian experience of digitalization and sustainable development, as well as published by one of the leading international publishing houses. It contains nine chapters, the contents of which are analyzed, summarized and interpreted (where necessary). Basically, the book authors draw attention to the active, but in some places only the initial course of transformations, which not only respond to the current challenges of socio-economic development, but also form fundamentally new ones. The book identifies some features of management practices (at the state and corporate levels) that reflect different approaches to digitalization and acquisition of sustainability, preferred in Asian countries. The inextricable connection of economic and managerial transformations with social development in general is shown. Special attention is paid to the urgent need for personnel (including management personnel) with specific competencies, which has already been encountered in a number of Asian countries. During the review, certain shortcomings of the publication were identified, in particular, the excessive mixing of the “western” and “eastern” visions. Nevertheless, the book is recommended to domestic specialists for a deeper understanding of the economic transformations currently taking place in Asia.
进入亚洲国家市场并与这些国家的商业结构开展合作是一项重要任务,因此研究这些国家当前的经济和管理变革趋势具有重要意义。本著作是对一本关于亚洲数字化和可持续发展经验的书籍的评论,该书由一家国际知名出版社出版。该书共九章,对其内容进行了分析、总结和解释(必要时)。从根本上说,本书作者提请人们注意积极的、但在某些地方只是初步的转型过程,这些转型不仅应对了当前社会经济发展的挑战,而且还形成了根本性的新挑战。书中指出了管理实践(国家和企业层面)的一些特点,这些特点反映了亚洲国家在数字化和获得可持续性方面的不同做法。书中展示了经济和管理转型与整个社会发展之间密不可分的联系。特别关注的是,一些亚洲国家已经迫切需要具备特殊能力的人员(包括管理人员)。在评审过程中,发现了该出版物的一些不足之处,特别是 "西方 "和 "东方 "观点的过度混杂。尽管如此,还是向国内专家推荐该书,以便更深入地了解亚洲目前正在发生的经济转型。
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引用次数: 1
System analysis in preventive anti-crisis management of textile industry enterprises’ turnover assets 纺织工业企业周转资产预防性反危机管理的系统分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.26425/2658-3445-2023-6-4-22-40
L. V. Narkevich, P. Tereliansky
The article presents the developed information and analytical platform for working capital management according to the methodology of a systematic approach, considering the specifics of textile production and modern requirements of preventive crisis management. The project is presented, and an effective algorithm for preventive crisis management of working capital is adapted on the basis of an information and analytical environment using progressive analysis techniques. The author’s approach is presented to the regulation of the analytical information formation in the designated block of anti-crisis management, integrated into the analytical environment of the enterprise through the interrelations and interdependencies of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the use efficiency of working capital. The anti-crisis management project of organization working capital on the basis of a systematic approach allowed to identify the disproportions of individual parameters of the efficiency of working capital management, typical financial problems associated with a high level of operational, including production and financial cycles, which together poses a real threat to the sustainable development of the enterprise (innovation, investment, market and financial stability of development). In addition, due to this project, it became possible to develop a set of interrelated measures to improve the efficiency of working capital management in the format of optimization tasks in the stocks’ regulation of raw materials, finished products, accounts receivable. The results of the analytical study indicate the need to use innovative approaches to managing the turnover of working capital in the production and financial cycles with access to high-margin design solutions for the sustainable development of the enterprise.
文章介绍了根据系统方法论开发的营运资金管理信息和分析平台,同时考虑到纺织生产的特殊性和预防危机管理的现代要求。文章介绍了该项目,并在使用渐进分析技术的信息和分析环境基础上,调整了营运资金预防性危机管理的有效算法。作者介绍了在指定的反危机管理模块中调节分析信息形成的方法,通过营运资金使用效率的定量和定性参数的相互关系和相互依存性,将其纳入企业的分析环境中。以系统方法为基础的组织营运资金反危机管理项目可以确定营运资金管理效率个别参数的比例失调、与高水平运营相关的典型财务问题,包括生产和财务周期,这些问题共同对企业的可持续发展(创新、投资、市场和财务稳定发展)构成真正的威胁。此外,由于该项目,有可能制定一套相互关联的措施,以原材料、产成品、应收账款库存调节优化任务的形式提高营运资金管理的效率。分析研究的结果表明,有必要采用创新方法来管理生产和财务周期中的营运资金周转,为企业的可持续发展提供高利润设计方案。
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引用次数: 0
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E-Management
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