Pub Date : 2021-04-18DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2021.1908183
Ali El Bilali, A. Taleb, Imane Boutahri
For two decades, the flood risk has become a challenge for all authorities in the world. However, its mitigation can be conducted through structural and non-structural measures. The non-structural measures include the flood risk assessment and management, the evacuating process during the flood, and land use management. This case study used HEC-RAS and HEC-LifeSim models to assess the potential flood risk, Mohammedia (Morocco), associated with Malleh dam rupture. The HEC-RAS2D Hydraulic model was calibrated for one flood and its sensitivity to the Manning was analysed. Thus, the potential life loss simulation was conducted using the socio-economic and Hydraulic data using HEC-LifeSim according to two alternatives of the evacuation process. The results showed that traffic management during floods decreases the probability of life loss. Overall results showed that the city is vulnerable to the disaster simulated in terms of road network capacity that can be used for the evacuation process.
{"title":"Application of HEC-RAS and HEC-LifeSim models for flood risk assessment","authors":"Ali El Bilali, A. Taleb, Imane Boutahri","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2021.1908183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2021.1908183","url":null,"abstract":"For two decades, the flood risk has become a challenge for all authorities in the world. However, its mitigation can be conducted through structural and non-structural measures. The non-structural measures include the flood risk assessment and management, the evacuating process during the flood, and land use management. This case study used HEC-RAS and HEC-LifeSim models to assess the potential flood risk, Mohammedia (Morocco), associated with Malleh dam rupture. The HEC-RAS2D Hydraulic model was calibrated for one flood and its sensitivity to the Manning was analysed. Thus, the potential life loss simulation was conducted using the socio-economic and Hydraulic data using HEC-LifeSim according to two alternatives of the evacuation process. The results showed that traffic management during floods decreases the probability of life loss. Overall results showed that the city is vulnerable to the disaster simulated in terms of road network capacity that can be used for the evacuation process.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"336 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2021.1908183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41248445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-10DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2021.1908918
Mahdi Esmaeili Varaki, S. Mahmoudi Kurdistani, Gita Noormohammadi
In this study, the effects of geometric parameters, such as the ramp roughness size and the ramp slope on the scour parameters downstream of block ramps, are experimentally investigated for different hydraulic conditions. Scour parameters, such as the maximum scour depth and length and the maximum ridge height and length, are evaluated. Experiments are conducted in clear water conditions (no sediment transport) for different gravel ramp slopes in which different critical flow depths and tailwater depths are examined. The results indicate that the maximum scour depth downstream of a block ramp for different bottom slopes is directly affected by the tailwater depth, independent of the critical flow depth; the scour depth decreases by increasing tailwater depth. A comparison of the results indicates that increasing the roughness of the block ramp leads to a reduction in the maximum scour depth.
{"title":"Scour morphology downstream of submerged block ramps","authors":"Mahdi Esmaeili Varaki, S. Mahmoudi Kurdistani, Gita Noormohammadi","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2021.1908918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2021.1908918","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of geometric parameters, such as the ramp roughness size and the ramp slope on the scour parameters downstream of block ramps, are experimentally investigated for different hydraulic conditions. Scour parameters, such as the maximum scour depth and length and the maximum ridge height and length, are evaluated. Experiments are conducted in clear water conditions (no sediment transport) for different gravel ramp slopes in which different critical flow depths and tailwater depths are examined. The results indicate that the maximum scour depth downstream of a block ramp for different bottom slopes is directly affected by the tailwater depth, independent of the critical flow depth; the scour depth decreases by increasing tailwater depth. A comparison of the results indicates that increasing the roughness of the block ramp leads to a reduction in the maximum scour depth.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"241 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2021.1908918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-10DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2020.1844603
Nader Torkaman, H. Ahmadi, B. Aminnejad
Along with the urban development, water distribution systems have become increasingly important. Due to their complexity, integrated decision making has become more important. A major difference between simulated and observed data mostly initiates from the NRW which can be determined by conducting a district metered area study. Accordingly, current study was conducted to promote the calibration of the continuous model of water distribution system by the approach of the NRW pattern in accordance to water consumption pattern. Due to the lack of district metered area results, the difference in water production and all measured consumptions was considered as NRW. Three NRW patterns as various hypotheses were evaluated. Statistical Assessment revealed that application of an inline pattern of the subscriber consumption pattern as an NRW pattern provided a more reliable accurate calibration. The results confirmed that unauthorized and unregistered consumption had dominated the major amount of the NRW amount.
{"title":"Calibration of the continuous water model based on the NRW patterns","authors":"Nader Torkaman, H. Ahmadi, B. Aminnejad","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2020.1844603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2020.1844603","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the urban development, water distribution systems have become increasingly important. Due to their complexity, integrated decision making has become more important. A major difference between simulated and observed data mostly initiates from the NRW which can be determined by conducting a district metered area study. Accordingly, current study was conducted to promote the calibration of the continuous model of water distribution system by the approach of the NRW pattern in accordance to water consumption pattern. Due to the lack of district metered area results, the difference in water production and all measured consumptions was considered as NRW. Three NRW patterns as various hypotheses were evaluated. Statistical Assessment revealed that application of an inline pattern of the subscriber consumption pattern as an NRW pattern provided a more reliable accurate calibration. The results confirmed that unauthorized and unregistered consumption had dominated the major amount of the NRW amount.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"194 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2020.1844603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2020.1831972
A. M. Márquez R., J. I. Maldonado M., E. Guevara P., D. J. Rey L., S. A. Pérez P.
In this paper, a novel categorization system of anaerobic reactors is created to frame novel upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) reactor separated into two stages (UAF-2SS) and three separated stages (UAF-3SS). Three models for the performance of UAF-2SS and UAF-3SS reactors are proposed: (1) Modified model of the Monod’s Equation for estimating the substrate utilization rate (SUR) whose kinetic coefficient explains intracellular processes, (2) Model for biochemical transformation of substrate based on the Monod’s Equation and the Velz’s Law where the kinetic coefficient is associated to extra and intracellular processes and (3) Coupled model for transport and biochemical transformation processes integrated by two components depending on extracellular processes (adsorption and hydrolysis) and intracellular processes (fermentation/anaerobic oxidation, acidogenesis and methanogenesis). The highest degree of explanation of the proposed kinetic models for performance of UAF-2SS and UAF-3SS in the substrate removal is achieved through the coupled model.
{"title":"An approach to models for the design of upflow anaerobic filters","authors":"A. M. Márquez R., J. I. Maldonado M., E. Guevara P., D. J. Rey L., S. A. Pérez P.","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2020.1831972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2020.1831972","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel categorization system of anaerobic reactors is created to frame novel upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) reactor separated into two stages (UAF-2SS) and three separated stages (UAF-3SS). Three models for the performance of UAF-2SS and UAF-3SS reactors are proposed: (1) Modified model of the Monod’s Equation for estimating the substrate utilization rate (SUR) whose kinetic coefficient explains intracellular processes, (2) Model for biochemical transformation of substrate based on the Monod’s Equation and the Velz’s Law where the kinetic coefficient is associated to extra and intracellular processes and (3) Coupled model for transport and biochemical transformation processes integrated by two components depending on extracellular processes (adsorption and hydrolysis) and intracellular processes (fermentation/anaerobic oxidation, acidogenesis and methanogenesis). The highest degree of explanation of the proposed kinetic models for performance of UAF-2SS and UAF-3SS in the substrate removal is achieved through the coupled model.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"107 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2020.1831972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48731535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2021.1884614
Hongliang Qi, Junxing Zheng, Chenguang Zhang
This study investigates the excess shear stress field around tandem piers of longitudinal bridge based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The excessive shear stress field of the single pier is used as a reference to analyze the excessive stress distribution of tandem piers. The excessive shear stress field behind a single pier is divided into three areas: vortex area (0–16.5D, where D is the diameter of the pier), recovery area (16.5D to 35.5D), and stable area (longer than 35.5D). If the downstream piers are located in the vortex areas, sheltering effects occur due to the accumulation of Kármán vortex streets. This reduces the excess shear stress between piers. If the downstream piers are located in the recovery areas, sheltering effects decrease. If the downstream piers are located in the stable areas, the sheltering effects is insignificant and the excess shear stress field around each pier becomes independent.
{"title":"Modeling excess shear stress around tandem piers of the longitudinal bridge by computational fluid dynamics","authors":"Hongliang Qi, Junxing Zheng, Chenguang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2021.1884614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884614","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the excess shear stress field around tandem piers of longitudinal bridge based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The excessive shear stress field of the single pier is used as a reference to analyze the excessive stress distribution of tandem piers. The excessive shear stress field behind a single pier is divided into three areas: vortex area (0–16.5D, where D is the diameter of the pier), recovery area (16.5D to 35.5D), and stable area (longer than 35.5D). If the downstream piers are located in the vortex areas, sheltering effects occur due to the accumulation of Kármán vortex streets. This reduces the excess shear stress between piers. If the downstream piers are located in the recovery areas, sheltering effects decrease. If the downstream piers are located in the stable areas, the sheltering effects is insignificant and the excess shear stress field around each pier becomes independent.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"216 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47736717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2021.1884618
C. Peña-Guzmán, J. Cárdenas, A. Pérez, A. Torres, Karen Mora-Cabrera
In this study, the potential utilization of sediments deposited in pluvial sanitation systems for engineering applications was investigated using the pluvial sub-basin occupied by the town of Puente Aranda for residential, commercial, and industrial land use in Bogotá city as a case study. The sediment samples were collected at different locations during three different climatic seasons to assess their physical and chemical characteristics. All samples contained more than 70% silt. The highest content ruthenium oxide, phosphorus oxide, potassium oxide, and titanium oxide corresponded with residential land use. Silica and calcium oxide dominate in areas of commercial land use. The results of this study demonstrate that sewer sediments can be used to manufacture Portland cement and pozzolans; however, the addition of calcium carbonate is necessary to increase the lime content in the extracted solids.
{"title":"Characterization and analysis of sediments in stormwater drainage for reuse","authors":"C. Peña-Guzmán, J. Cárdenas, A. Pérez, A. Torres, Karen Mora-Cabrera","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2021.1884618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884618","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the potential utilization of sediments deposited in pluvial sanitation systems for engineering applications was investigated using the pluvial sub-basin occupied by the town of Puente Aranda for residential, commercial, and industrial land use in Bogotá city as a case study. The sediment samples were collected at different locations during three different climatic seasons to assess their physical and chemical characteristics. All samples contained more than 70% silt. The highest content ruthenium oxide, phosphorus oxide, potassium oxide, and titanium oxide corresponded with residential land use. Silica and calcium oxide dominate in areas of commercial land use. The results of this study demonstrate that sewer sediments can be used to manufacture Portland cement and pozzolans; however, the addition of calcium carbonate is necessary to increase the lime content in the extracted solids.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"230 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42366863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2021.1884613
Masoud Gheitasi, H. Kaboli, A. Keramat
The optimal operation of water distribution systems is complicated due to multiple objectives that are in conflict, such as water quality versus cost. This work proposes to combine Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEAII) with Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, called MOPSO-SPEAII, to establish a multi-objective model which handles water quality, costs and storage-reliable requirement. The main idea is that genetic operators are combined with particle swarm operators such that the fitness of SPEAII results is evaluated using MOPSO. An optimization-simulation model is prepared by linking the hybrid algorithm with EPANET software, and it is employed for a typical case study from the literature. The model outcomes verify that the MOPSO-SPEAII is more stable compared to SPEAII in terms of closeness to global minimum and can be used as a robust decision tool. However, the model application for a real sized system increases the computational intensity of the model.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of water distribution system: a hybrid evolutionary algorithm","authors":"Masoud Gheitasi, H. Kaboli, A. Keramat","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2021.1884613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884613","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal operation of water distribution systems is complicated due to multiple objectives that are in conflict, such as water quality versus cost. This work proposes to combine Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEAII) with Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm, called MOPSO-SPEAII, to establish a multi-objective model which handles water quality, costs and storage-reliable requirement. The main idea is that genetic operators are combined with particle swarm operators such that the fitness of SPEAII results is evaluated using MOPSO. An optimization-simulation model is prepared by linking the hybrid algorithm with EPANET software, and it is employed for a typical case study from the literature. The model outcomes verify that the MOPSO-SPEAII is more stable compared to SPEAII in terms of closeness to global minimum and can be used as a robust decision tool. However, the model application for a real sized system increases the computational intensity of the model.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"203 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47791506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2021.1884615
G. H. Kiplesund, G. Ravindra, M. M. Rokstad, F. G. Sigtryggsdóttir
Rockfill dams must be equipped with defence mechanisms to counteract the destabilizing effects of throughflow forces under accidental leakage scenarios. A key component of the rockfill dam overtopping system is the rockfill dam toe, constructed in tandem with the downstream rockfill shoulder. Quantitative descriptions of effects of different toe configurations on throughflow hydraulic properties of rockfill dams are currently unavailable in international literature. To address this, experimental investigations were conducted on 1 m high model rockfill dams with disparate toe configurations. Investigation outcomes describe the effects of internal, external and combined toe configurations on pore-pressure distributions within rockfill dam models subjected to throughflow conditions. Research outcomes provide vital information which can facilitate effective decision-making with regards to rockfill dam design. The accumulated data sets could also enable development, calibration and validation of numerical design tools and dam breach models.
{"title":"Effects of toe configuration on throughflow properties of rockfill dams","authors":"G. H. Kiplesund, G. Ravindra, M. M. Rokstad, F. G. Sigtryggsdóttir","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2021.1884615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884615","url":null,"abstract":"Rockfill dams must be equipped with defence mechanisms to counteract the destabilizing effects of throughflow forces under accidental leakage scenarios. A key component of the rockfill dam overtopping system is the rockfill dam toe, constructed in tandem with the downstream rockfill shoulder. Quantitative descriptions of effects of different toe configurations on throughflow hydraulic properties of rockfill dams are currently unavailable in international literature. To address this, experimental investigations were conducted on 1 m high model rockfill dams with disparate toe configurations. Investigation outcomes describe the effects of internal, external and combined toe configurations on pore-pressure distributions within rockfill dam models subjected to throughflow conditions. Research outcomes provide vital information which can facilitate effective decision-making with regards to rockfill dam design. The accumulated data sets could also enable development, calibration and validation of numerical design tools and dam breach models.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"277 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43361334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2021.1884617
Peiman Parisouj, Taesam Lee, Hamid Mohebzadeh, Hadi Mohammadzadeh Khani
This study investigates the performance of TRMM and PERSIANN satellite rainfall data as input in a reliable rainfall-runoff model in order to provide information to the flood early warning for the Voshmgir Dam, Iran. Calibration of both continuous daily rainfall-runoff and an event-based flood was done using HEC-HMS Nelder-Mead (NM) method. Furthermore, simulations based on daily versus 3-hourly TRMM were compared to evaluate the effect of input time-step of rainfall-runoff model. Results show that the deficit and constant loss method is able to successfully predict the observed runoff. In addition, the Green-Ampt method using 3-hourly TRMM data showed a good capability to simulate daily peak discharges. The current study demonstrates the suitability of HEC-HMS for continuous and event-based runoff simulation in a complex watershed. Therefore, this research will have a significant contribution to the future development of water resources planning in this catchment in particular and in other data-scarce catchments.
{"title":"Rainfall-runoff simulation using satellite rainfall in a scarce data catchment","authors":"Peiman Parisouj, Taesam Lee, Hamid Mohebzadeh, Hadi Mohammadzadeh Khani","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2021.1884617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884617","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the performance of TRMM and PERSIANN satellite rainfall data as input in a reliable rainfall-runoff model in order to provide information to the flood early warning for the Voshmgir Dam, Iran. Calibration of both continuous daily rainfall-runoff and an event-based flood was done using HEC-HMS Nelder-Mead (NM) method. Furthermore, simulations based on daily versus 3-hourly TRMM were compared to evaluate the effect of input time-step of rainfall-runoff model. Results show that the deficit and constant loss method is able to successfully predict the observed runoff. In addition, the Green-Ampt method using 3-hourly TRMM data showed a good capability to simulate daily peak discharges. The current study demonstrates the suitability of HEC-HMS for continuous and event-based runoff simulation in a complex watershed. Therefore, this research will have a significant contribution to the future development of water resources planning in this catchment in particular and in other data-scarce catchments.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"161 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45113139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-16DOI: 10.1080/23249676.2021.1884612
S. Kolathayar, U. S. Amala Krishnan, T. Sitharam
This paper presents an overview of Thanneermukkom bund with its implications on water security in the region as a freshwater reservoir in the southwest coast of India. The bund was constructed in 1974 to convert southern part of brackish Vembanad Lake into a freshwater reservoir to augment agricultural activities. This paper reviews past studies on the bund and highlights the fact that it is a coastal reservoir though the term coastal reservoir became popular only in the last two decades. The bund divides the Vembanad Lake into a freshwater lake in the south and brackish water lake fed by the ocean in the north. This paper reviews the issues and challenges related to the inefficient operation of the bund and presents possible solutions. The paper proposes to restore this unique coastal reservoir to ensure freshwater supply for drinking and irrigation in the low lands of Kuttanad.
{"title":"Appraisal of Thanneermukkom bund as a coastal reservoir in Kuttanad, Kerala","authors":"S. Kolathayar, U. S. Amala Krishnan, T. Sitharam","doi":"10.1080/23249676.2021.1884612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884612","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of Thanneermukkom bund with its implications on water security in the region as a freshwater reservoir in the southwest coast of India. The bund was constructed in 1974 to convert southern part of brackish Vembanad Lake into a freshwater reservoir to augment agricultural activities. This paper reviews past studies on the bund and highlights the fact that it is a coastal reservoir though the term coastal reservoir became popular only in the last two decades. The bund divides the Vembanad Lake into a freshwater lake in the south and brackish water lake fed by the ocean in the north. This paper reviews the issues and challenges related to the inefficient operation of the bund and presents possible solutions. The paper proposes to restore this unique coastal reservoir to ensure freshwater supply for drinking and irrigation in the low lands of Kuttanad.","PeriodicalId":51911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"324 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23249676.2021.1884612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49159139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：