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Influence of Infrastructure on Population Distribution and Socio-Economic Development of Russian Regions 基础设施对俄罗斯地区人口分布和社会经济发展的影响
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-8
R. Manshin, E. Moiseeva
High divergence of demographic and socio-economic development significantly hinders the sustainable growth of the Russian economy. This article analyses the influence of infrastructure on population distribution and development of Russian regions. The study focuses on theoretical and practical issues related to identifying the features of infrastructure development as a factor of settlement and formation of population, considering the migration attractiveness of Russian regions. The research aimed to reveal a correlation between the regional infrastructure development and population distribution characterised by its density and net migration. To this end, we calculated the correlation between these indicators of population distribution and development indices of transport, energy, social, communal and telecommunications infrastructure. Additionally, the correlation between gross regional product and the same infrastructure development indices was estimated. The correlation analysis revealed the presence of a weak positive relationship between the regional population density, net migration, and all infrastructure development indices, except for social one. The strongest positive relationship is observed between the regional population density and the transport infrastructure development index. Good transport accessibility gives people easier access to other types of infrastructure and consequently increases the spatial connectivity and demographic potential of certain areas. Infrastructure development greatly influences not only social indicators of regional development but also economic ones, as shown by the correlation between gross regional product and development indices of transport, telecommunications and energy infrastructure. Thus, according to the conducted statistical analysis, the existing but weak relationship between infrastructure development indices and population distribution confirms the presence of a set of factors, where infrastructure is not the main one. Nevertheless, the removal of infrastructure constraints and an increase in the infrastructure quality and availability will help overcome both the demographic and economic contraction of Russia.
人口和社会经济发展的高度分化严重阻碍了俄罗斯经济的可持续增长。本文分析了基础设施对俄罗斯地区人口分布和发展的影响。本研究的重点是在考虑俄罗斯各地区的移民吸引力的情况下,确定基础设施发展作为人口定居和形成因素的特征的理论和实践问题。本研究旨在揭示区域基础设施发展与以人口密度和净迁移为特征的人口分布之间的相关性。为此,我们计算了这些人口分布指标与交通、能源、社会、公共和电信基础设施发展指数之间的相关性。此外,还估计了区域生产总值与相同基础设施发展指数之间的相关性。相关分析显示,区域人口密度、净移民与除社会发展指标外的其他基础设施发展指标均呈弱正相关。区域人口密度与交通基础设施发展指数呈正相关。良好的交通可达性使人们更容易获得其他类型的基础设施,从而增加某些地区的空间连通性和人口潜力。基础设施的发展不仅对区域发展的社会指标产生重大影响,而且对经济指标也产生重大影响,如区域生产总值与交通、电信和能源基础设施发展指标之间的相关性。因此,根据所进行的统计分析,基础设施发展指数与人口分布之间存在但较弱的关系,证实了存在一组因素,其中基础设施不是主要因素。然而,基础设施限制的消除以及基础设施质量和可用性的提高将有助于克服俄罗斯的人口和经济收缩。
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引用次数: 0
Approach to Assessing the Digital Economy Development Based on Clustering of Russian Regions 基于俄罗斯地区聚类的数字经济发展评估方法
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-8
T. Afanasieva, A. Kazanbieva
The present article proposes and tests a new approach to the assessment of the digital economy development in order to obtain evaluative knowledge (qualitative assessments) from quantitative indicators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The distinctive features of the proposed approach are the integration of cluster analysis and qualitative assessment, as well as the use of elements of the fuzzy set theory for modelling evaluative knowledge and presenting it in linguistic form at three levels of interpretation. Three methods (K-means, BIRCH, DBSCAN), differing in terms of grouping principles, were applied to improve the quality of clustering. The most suitable method for clustering the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was automatically selected based on a proven quality metric. The developed automated methodology for qualitative assessment of digital economy was tested on 15 indicators observed over 9 years, presented on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service for 83 regions of the Russian Federation. The study identified six clusters, for which three classes of qualitative assessments were determined, characterising the problems of digital economy development by indicators, their groups and year based on the aggregation of linguistic assessments. Thus, the level of the indicator (Low, Medium, High), as well as belonging to the problem according to the group of indicators (Problem/No problem) and according to all indicators (Developed/Developing) were estimated for each region in the clusters. Analysis of qualitative estimates obtained from various regional numerical indicators showed that the most «problematic» in 2010 and in 2018 was the group of indicators «Science and Innovation». Additionally, the group of indicators «Economic Efficiency» demonstrated a negative trend in the period 2010-2018, while a positive trend was observed in the group of indicators «Information Society» and «Labour Market».
本文提出并测试了一种评估数字经济发展的新方法,以便从俄罗斯联邦组成实体的定量指标中获得评价性知识(定性评估)。所提出的方法的显著特点是整合了聚类分析和定性评估,以及使用模糊集合理论的元素来建模评价知识,并在三个层次的解释中以语言形式呈现。三种方法(K-means, BIRCH, DBSCAN),不同的分组原则,被用于提高聚类的质量。将俄罗斯联邦组成实体聚类的最合适方法是根据经过验证的质量度量标准自动选择的。开发的自动数字经济定性评估方法在9年内观察到的15个指标上进行了测试,这些指标在俄罗斯联邦83个地区的联邦国家统计局网站上公布。该研究确定了六个集群,并确定了三类定性评估,根据语言评估的汇总,通过指标、群体和年份来描述数字经济发展的问题。因此,根据指标组(有问题/没有问题)和所有指标(发达/发展中)对集群中每个区域的指标水平(低、中、高)以及属于问题的程度进行了估计。从各种区域数字指标中获得的定性估计分析表明,2010年和2018年最“有问题”的是“科学与创新”指标组。此外,“经济效率”指标组在2010-2018年期间呈现出负面趋势,而“信息社会”和“劳动力市场”指标组则呈现出积极趋势。
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引用次数: 1
Organisational, Methodological and Economic Foundations for Creating Rural Resorts in the Hinterland of Sochi 在索契腹地创建乡村度假胜地的组织、方法和经济基础
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-14
A. V. Ryndin, A. Platonov, A. Saryan, L. S. Kocharsky
The resort city of Sochi includes both coastal and mountain tourist and recreational clusters. Nowadays, the city needs to involve natural and recreational resources and historical and cultural heritage assets of underdeveloped low-mountain areas and subtropical agricultural lands in the tourism industry. The present research aims to determine scientific, methodological and organisational foundations for sustainable development of the aforementioned areas. The study reveals the organisational, managerial and legislative aspects of the contradiction between the legal status of rural areas and recreational objectives of the Sochi resort. Co-development of both agricultural activities and most promising types of tourism in hinterland (namely, medical, agrarian, ethnic and cognitive tourism) will help overcome this contradiction. The socio-economic impact of tourism and infrastructure development in rural districts of Sochi will contribute to the increase in employment and entrepreneurship, as well as improve the welfare of indigenous people. Subsequently, due to the creation of rural resorts, the potential of balneological and natural curative resources, unique historical and cultural heritage, natural landscapes and subtropical agricultural lands can be fully realised. The research findings can be used to elaborate and implement sound programmes for the spatial development of rural resorts and agro-tourism destinations in Sochi. Further research will focus on possible ways to transform rural resources into factors for the production of an integrated tourist product with unique valuable properties.
度假城市索契包括沿海和山区旅游和休闲集群。如今,城市需要将欠发达的低山区和亚热带农业用地的自然休闲资源和历史文化遗产资产纳入旅游产业。本研究旨在确定上述地区可持续发展的科学、方法和组织基础。这项研究揭示了农村地区的法律地位与索契度假胜地的娱乐目标之间的矛盾在组织、管理和立法方面的问题。农业活动和内陆最有前途的旅游类型(即医疗、农业、民族和认知旅游)的共同发展将有助于克服这一矛盾。索契农村地区旅游和基础设施发展的社会经济影响将有助于增加就业和创业,并改善土著人民的福利。随后,由于乡村度假村的创建,温泉和自然治疗资源、独特的历史文化遗产、自然景观和亚热带农业用地的潜力可以得到充分实现。研究结果可用于制定和实施索契农村度假胜地和农业旅游目的地空间发展的合理方案。进一步的研究将侧重于如何将农村资源转化为生产具有独特价值属性的综合旅游产品的要素。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Energy Supply to the Yamal Peninsula Based on Fuzzy Multicriteria Analysis 基于模糊多准则分析的亚马尔半岛能源供应评价
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-17
M. Petrov, L. Serkov, K. Kozhov
Provision of useful energy is the most important condition for realising the potential of underdeveloped regions. For new development areas, including the Yamal Peninsula, there are various energy alternatives. Based on well-known basic approaches, the article presents a procedure for formalising the analysis of alternatives mostly using qualitative initial data. At the pre-project stage, only limited and fuzzy information (predominantly in the form of expert opinions) is accessible. To achieve the set goal, six criteria for export assessment were selected and further processed using fuzzy multicriteria decision-making models based on fuzzy multicriteria analysis of alternatives in order to formalise logical reasoning with vague or imprecise statements. Due to insufficient measurements for constructing fuzzy sets, linguistic estimates of intuitive or logical pairwise comparisons were formalised using the Bellman–Zadeh model, the Saaty scale and the construction of membership functions. The fuzzy set was obtained by finding the eigenvector and the largest eigenvalue for the pairwise comparison matrix. Implementation of the maximin criterion along with the concession matrix allowed us to distinguish between alternatives when obtaining the same or similar estimates. As a result, the study showed the priority of diversification of primary energy source to provide useful energy to consumers in Yamal. According to the model, the most preferable source is atomic energy. In second place are gas turbine technologies, which are significantly ahead of wind energy sources. Diesel generators are considered the least favourable. Thus, the results of fuzzy modelling correspond with the explanatory factors of choice. The fuzzy set method with the transformation of linguistic estimates into quantitative ones can also be included in the apparatus of multicriteria selection with respect to combined options. The research findings can be used to prepare comprehensive strategies and schemes for location of industries and the energy infrastructure in remote Arctic territories.
提供有用的能源是实现欠发达地区潜力的最重要条件。对于包括亚马尔半岛在内的新开发地区,有各种各样的能源替代品。基于众所周知的基本方法,本文提出了一种主要使用定性初始数据形式化替代分析的程序。在项目前阶段,只有有限和模糊的信息(主要以专家意见的形式)是可获得的。为了实现既定目标,选择了六个出口评估标准,并使用基于模糊多准则分析的模糊多准则决策模型进行进一步处理,以便将模糊或不精确的陈述形式化逻辑推理。由于构建模糊集的测量不足,直觉或逻辑两两比较的语言估计使用Bellman-Zadeh模型,Saaty量表和隶属函数的构造形式化。通过求两两比较矩阵的特征向量和最大特征值得到模糊集。maximin准则和让步矩阵的实现使我们能够在获得相同或相似的估计时区分不同的选择。因此,这项研究表明,为向亚马尔的消费者提供有用的能源,应优先考虑初级能源的多样化。根据该模型,最可取的能源是原子能。排在第二位的是燃气轮机技术,它明显领先于风能。柴油发电机被认为是最不利的。因此,模糊模型的结果与选择的解释因素相对应。将语言估计转化为定量估计的模糊集方法也可用于组合选项的多准则选择装置。研究结果可用于制定北极偏远地区工业和能源基础设施选址的综合战略和计划。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal Spatial Models of Interregional Economic Cooperation in the Field of Innovative Economy 创新经济领域区域间经济合作的空间优化模式
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-2
A. Mosalev
Domestic cooperation of companies in the field of innovative economy seems to be a promising research area in Russia, especially considering recent macroeconomic events caused by sanctions, in particular, restrictions on the import of high-tech goods. Thus, the present study examines the optimal spatial scale of interregional innovation cooperation. The article presents an analysis of approaches to determining the optimal number of k-matrices of relations between innovation active regions. It is hypothesised that the innovative activity of the business sector in one region does not influence the innovative activity of its neighbours and vice versa. Stepwise regression was applied to identify the core explanatory variable. Based on the spatial weights matrices, a spatial econometric model was constructed using the least squares method. Further, the global Moran’s I was employed to test the spatial correlation, in particular, local indicators of spatial association (LISA) using the queen criterion of contiguity were utilised to determine the dependencies of innovative activity between neighbouring regions. The analysis used panel data from all Russian regions for the period from 2010 to 2019, as well as spatial econometric modelling to identify the side effects of the optimal spatial scale. As a result, the study revealed the presence of spatial correlation in the levels of regional innovative activity, the size of markets, as well as institutional support for enterprises in individual regions. Additionally, the research identified factors positively affecting the scale of innovative activity of the regions and adjacent territories, such as regional domestic income, the number of participants in innovation processes and infrastructure facilities. It has been established that the neighbourhood of regions characterised by the presence of many participants in innovation processes (at least 100 units), as well as innovation infrastructure facilities (at least 810 units) will be seen as the optimal scale of regional cooperation.
在俄罗斯,企业在创新经济领域的国内合作似乎是一个很有前景的研究领域,特别是考虑到最近由制裁引起的宏观经济事件,特别是对高科技产品进口的限制。因此,本研究考察了区域间创新合作的最优空间尺度。本文分析了确定创新活跃区域间关系k矩阵最优个数的方法。假设一个地区的商业部门的创新活动不会影响其邻国的创新活动,反之亦然。采用逐步回归方法确定核心解释变量。在空间权重矩阵的基础上,利用最小二乘法建立了空间计量模型。此外,采用全球Moran’s I来检验空间相关性,特别是利用邻近标准的空间关联局部指标(LISA)来确定相邻区域之间创新活动的依赖关系。该分析使用了2010年至2019年期间俄罗斯所有地区的面板数据,以及空间计量经济学模型来确定最佳空间尺度的副作用。结果表明,区域创新活动水平、市场规模、企业制度支持等方面均存在空间相关性。此外,研究还发现了区域国内收入、创新过程参与者数量和基础设施设施等对区域和邻近地区创新活动规模产生积极影响的因素。已经确定的是,以许多创新过程参与者(至少100个单位)以及创新基础设施设施(至少810个单位)的存在为特征的区域邻近将被视为区域合作的最佳规模。
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引用次数: 0
Regional Analysis of Digital Inclusion in the C2C Market of Russia 俄罗斯C2C市场数字包容的区域分析
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-10
S. Kulpin, G. Savchuk, O. Iakimova
Economy digitalisation creates new market mechanisms and regional development opportunities. In certain circumstances, the C2C (consumer-to-consumer) Internet market can act as a basis for establishing an entrepreneurial culture; subsequently, it can turn into an economic growth point of a region. However, since the entrepreneurial potential of regional digital markets varies, it is crucial to investigate these differences and the reasons for their occurrence. In the present study, the entrepreneurial potential of residents is measured through their digital inclusion in C2C Internet markets. The article analyses and characterises the active sellers of the Avito online classified in Russian regions. The data were collected using the content analysis of ads posted by individuals on the Avito platform (n = 1,597). Correlation and factor analysis were used for interpretation. The conducted analysis showed the following results. First, the study revealed a relationship between regional digitalisation and the size of the group of active sellers: a higher level of digitalisation of a territory (federal district) means that more residents start to actively use Avito for e-commerce. Second, the paper demonstrated the importance of locality, since the number of active sellers among Avito users is bigger in large cities. Third, it was proved that additional opportunities provided by the C2C market are more attractive for women than for men. The obtained findings can be used by authorities planning the regional development, as well as by researchers of the Internet economy describing and analysing the digitalisation processes. Further studies may identify and examine in detail the factors defining digital inclusion in C2C markets of Russian regions.
经济数字化创造了新的市场机制和区域发展机遇。在某些情况下,C2C(消费者对消费者)互联网市场可以作为建立创业文化的基础;随后,它可以成为一个地区的经济增长点。然而,由于区域数字市场的创业潜力各不相同,因此研究这些差异及其产生的原因至关重要。在本研究中,通过C2C互联网市场中居民的数字包容来衡量居民的创业潜力。本文对俄罗斯地区Avito在线分类的活跃卖家进行了分析和特征分析。数据是通过对Avito平台上个人发布的广告的内容分析收集的(n = 1597)。采用相关分析和因子分析进行解释。进行的分析显示了以下结果。首先,该研究揭示了地区数字化与活跃卖家群体规模之间的关系:一个地区(联邦区)的数字化水平越高,意味着更多的居民开始积极使用Avito进行电子商务。其次,本文论证了地域性的重要性,因为大城市Avito用户中活跃卖家的数量更大。第三,C2C市场提供的额外机会对女性的吸引力大于对男性的吸引力。所获得的发现可用于规划区域发展的当局,以及互联网经济研究人员描述和分析数字化过程。进一步的研究可能会确定并详细检查俄罗斯地区C2C市场中定义数字包容的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting Rural Economic Structural Transformation from the Viewpoint of Regional Linkages 从区域联系视角重新审视农村经济结构转型
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-1
B. Truong Cong
Regional studies, particularly in rural areas, have attracted great attention from scholars and policy-makers. However, almost all existing literature focused on the growth of these areas while giving little consideration to converting economic activities or economic structural transformation, which plays the main role in sustainable development. Additionally, the studies about economic structural transformation mainly mention the factors, which are changes inside certain economic areas and ignore the outside effects while any geographical area also has spatial relationships. To fill this gap, this study blends the economic structure and regional linkages theories to supply a comprehensive view of the relationship between inside and outside factors that influence rural structural transformation by using systematic reviews and meta-analysis methods. The study’s findings consolidate the importance of urban areas and regional linkages, especially spatial interaction, in rural economic structural transformation. More specifically, this study shows that the motivation for structural transformation of rural areas is emanated from urban areas and is transmitted through spatial flows, which are then absorbed in rural areas. The mechanisms through which the motivation affects rural economic structure are productivity, income, and agricultural land. Based on the review, the study lists several further research questions regarding empirical research of rural economic structural transformation through the relationship between rural and urban areas.
区域研究,特别是农村地区的区域研究,已经引起了学者和决策者的高度关注。然而,现有的文献几乎都集中在这些地区的增长上,而很少考虑经济活动的转换或经济结构的转变,而经济活动或经济结构的转变在可持续发展中起着主要作用。此外,关于经济结构转型的研究主要是提到因素,即某些经济区域内部的变化,而忽略了外部的影响,而任何地理区域也存在空间关系。为了填补这一空白,本研究结合经济结构理论和区域联系理论,运用系统综述和元分析的方法,对影响农村结构转型的内外部因素之间的关系进行了全面考察。研究结果巩固了城市地区和区域联系,特别是空间相互作用在农村经济结构转型中的重要性。更具体地说,该研究表明,农村地区结构转型的动力源自城市地区,并通过空间流动传播,然后被农村地区吸收。农业生产动机影响农村经济结构的机制主要有生产率、收入和农地三个方面。在此基础上,提出了通过城乡关系对农村经济结构转型进行实证研究需要进一步研究的几个问题。
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引用次数: 2
Interregional Differentiation of the Age of Exit from the Labour Market in Russia 俄罗斯劳动力市场退出年龄的地域差异
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-7
V. Lyashok, E. Varshavskaya
Actual retirement age is one of the most important characteristics of older people employment and retirement behaviour. Since the mid-1990s, the effective retirement age has been used to estimate the age of exit from the labour market of older workers. In the context of significant socio-economic differentiation of Russian regions, this parameter should be assessed not only at the national, but also at the regional level. The article presents estimates of the age of exit from the labour market (effective retirement age) in Russian regions for 2010-2019, as well as identifies the factors determining its interregional differentiation. For the first time, the effective retirement age and its determining factors were assessed using Russian data. In particular, Labour Force Survey and regional statistics were analysed. To calculate the effective retirement age, both static and dynamic approaches were applied; econometric modelling was used to identify its determinants. The study revealed that in 2019 the age of exit from the labour market was 62.4 years for men and 60.2 years for women. The effective retirement age for Russian men and women is higher than the normal retirement age in the country, but is lower than the average of most OECD countries. For the period 2010-2019, the age of exit from the labour market remained practically unchanged for men, while it slightly increased for women (by 0.7 years). The age of exit from the labour market is characterised by a fairly significant and stable regional differentiation. The determinants of the effective retirement age are the northern status of a region, the relative level of pensions in the region (the ratio of the average pension to the average wage), the share of employees with higher education. The research results can be used to develop measures to increase the older people employment. Changes in the age of exit from the labour market caused by the pension reform require a further study.
实际退休年龄是老年人就业和退休行为的最重要特征之一。自上世纪90年代中期以来,有效退休年龄一直被用来估计老年工人退出劳动力市场的年龄。在俄罗斯各地区社会经济差别很大的情况下,不仅应该在国家一级,而且应该在区域一级评估这一参数。本文提出了2010-2019年俄罗斯地区劳动力市场退出年龄(有效退休年龄)的估计,并确定了决定其地区间差异的因素。首次使用俄罗斯的数据对有效退休年龄及其决定因素进行了评估。特别是对劳动力调查和区域统计进行了分析。有效退休年龄的计算采用静态和动态两种方法;计量经济模型被用来确定其决定因素。该研究显示,2019年男性退出劳动力市场的年龄为62.4岁,女性为60.2岁。俄罗斯男性和女性的实际退休年龄高于该国的正常退休年龄,但低于大多数经合组织国家的平均水平。2010-2019年期间,男性退出劳动力市场的年龄几乎没有变化,而女性的退出年龄略有增加(增加了0.7岁)。劳动力市场退出年龄的特征是相当显著和稳定的区域差异。实际退休年龄的决定因素是一个地区的北部地位、该地区养老金的相对水平(平均养老金与平均工资的比率)、受过高等教育的雇员比例。研究结果可用于制定增加老年人就业的措施。养老金改革导致的劳动力市场退出年龄的变化需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Configuration of Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems through the Prism of Spatial and Hierarchical Analysis 基于空间和层次分析的区域创业生态系统配置
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-1
R. Malikov, K. Grishin, V. Timiryanova
Nowadays, entrepreneurship should be analysed from the perspective of interconnectedness and mutual influence of elements of regional economic systems, since the type and intensity of their interaction determine the emergence of windows of opportunity for entrepreneurs. Thus, the present study uses an ecosystem approach. We hypothesise that the spatial configuration of the performance of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (REES) largely depends on the interaction between local entrepreneurial ecosystems, as well as on the cumulative impact of REES on local entrepreneurial ecosystems. Using the methodology of spatial and hierarchical analysis, the study investigates the dependence of the development of local entrepreneurial ecosystems on their embeddedness in regional entrepreneurial ecosystems, assesses the spatial connectivity of REES, and considers relationships between small and large businesses in regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. The global Moran’s I and the Getis-Ord statistics for regional entrepreneurial ecosystems used to assess their spatial connectivity were calculated based on the analysis of data concerning the shipping volume of large and medium enterprises from 2315 municipalities of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the level of local entrepreneurial ecosystems, the study revealed the link between the variation in the values of the shipping volume of business entities and their belonging to specific regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (constituent entities of the Russian Federation). In addition, a positive relationship was found between the shipping volume of large and medium enterprises operating in local entrepreneurial ecosystems, the shipping volume of goods produced by small enterprises and the average revenue of individual entrepreneurs. Considering the identified factors of spatial determination of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and the closeness of interregional and intermunicipal ties of local entrepreneurial ecosystems, it is possible to generalise the best practices of spatial organisation of regional business communities and create effective development models.
现在,应该从区域经济体系要素的相互联系和相互影响的角度来分析企业家精神,因为它们相互作用的类型和强度决定了企业家机会之窗的出现。因此,本研究采用生态系统方法。研究认为,区域创业生态系统绩效的空间配置在很大程度上取决于区域创业生态系统之间的相互作用,以及区域创业生态系统对区域创业生态系统的累积影响。运用空间层次分析方法,研究了地方创业生态系统的发展对区域创业生态系统嵌入性的依赖,评估了REES的空间连通性,并考虑了区域创业生态系统中大小企业之间的关系。基于对俄罗斯联邦85个组成实体的2315个城市大中型企业运输量数据的分析,计算了用于评估其空间连通性的区域创业生态系统的全球Moran 's I和Getis-Ord统计数据。在地方企业生态系统一级,研究揭示了商业实体的运输量的价值变化与它们属于特定区域企业生态系统(俄罗斯联邦的组成实体)之间的联系。此外,在当地创业生态系统中运营的大中型企业的运输量、小企业生产的货物运输量和个体企业家的平均收入之间存在正相关关系。考虑到区域创业生态系统的空间决定因素以及地方创业生态系统的区域间和城市间联系的密切程度,有可能概括区域商业社区空间组织的最佳实践并创建有效的发展模式。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Climate — Economy Relationship in Russian Cities 俄罗斯城市气候与经济关系分析
IF 0.5 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-15
I. Manaeva
Global climate change is an important factor determining the dynamics and significant parameters of the development of the world economy in general and Russian economy in particular. Thus, specific methodological approaches and models should be developed to assess the climate — economy relationship in order to make science-based management decisions. The research aims to create and test a methodology for analysing the relationship between climate and urban economic development in Russian cities. Data of the Federal State Statistics Service was examined; the average annual temperature was calculated according to the information presented on the Weather and Climate portal. The study considers Russian cities with a population of over 100 thousand people in the period from 2009 to 2019. A communication coordination coefficient (CCC), determining the existence and extent of the relationship between climate and economy in Russian cities, can be obtained using the calculations presented in the author’s methodology. Moscow and Saint Petersburg are characterised by stably high values of CCC. The coefficient values range from uncoordinated to base level. The best communication coordination is observed in economically developed cities. Generally, the climate — economy relationship in Russian cities is characterised by a high differentiation and spatial heterogeneity of the communication coordination coefficient, since the Gini coefficient for this indicator varies from 0.56 (Ural Federal District in 2019) to 0.88 (Central Federal District in 2017, 2019). The lack of significant changes in the dynamics of communication coordination in the period 2009-2019 indicates the stability of Russian urban systems. The obtained quantitative estimates may become a prerequisite for the creation of an environmental and economic development management section in urban strategies and part of the environmental policy of Russian regions.
全球气候变化是决定世界经济特别是俄罗斯经济发展动态和重要参数的重要因素。因此,应该开发具体的方法方法和模型来评估气候-经济关系,以便做出基于科学的管理决策。该研究旨在创建和测试一种分析俄罗斯城市气候与城市经济发展之间关系的方法。审查了联邦国家统计局的数据;年平均气温是根据天气及气候门户网站提供的资料计算的。该研究考虑了2009年至2019年期间人口超过10万的俄罗斯城市。通信协调系数(CCC)决定了俄罗斯城市中气候和经济之间关系的存在和程度,可以使用作者的方法给出的计算得到。莫斯科和圣彼得堡的特点是稳定的高CCC值。系数值的范围从不协调到基本水平。最好的沟通协调是在经济发达的城市。总体而言,俄罗斯城市的气候-经济关系表现为交通协调系数的高度分化和空间异质性,因为该指标的基尼系数从0.56(2019年乌拉尔联邦区)到0.88(2017年、2019年中央联邦区)不等。2009-2019年期间,交通协调动态缺乏显著变化,表明俄罗斯城市系统的稳定性。所获得的数量估计可能成为在城市战略中设立环境和经济发展管理科的先决条件,并成为俄罗斯各地区环境政策的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
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Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region
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