Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-16
M. Ghaderi Hajat, M. Azizzadeh Tasouj, M. Shoeibi
The realisation of spatial justice, guaranteeing the quality of life for all citizens and the prohibition of citizens’ exclusion are the fundamental principles of optimal urban management. Social seclusion is associated with social policies such as education, health, housing, employment, crime, welfare, poverty alleviation, etc. The spatial problems in Tehran are due to the political organising and political management of space in Iran on a micro and macro scale during the last hundred years. Tehran as the major metropolis of Iran has a special significance in the Iranian urban system; but in terms of spatial justice, the distribution of urban services across its districts is considered heterogeneous. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the status of “Spatial Justice of Tehran” in terms of urban services and examine the level of difference between districts. Mixed method is used in this research. The results show that the distribution of urban services is not just in 22 districts of Tehran. According to the findings, district 1 has the highest level of services and districts 17 and 9 have the lowest levels of services.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Urban Services from the Spatial Justice Perspective: Case Study of Tehran","authors":"M. Ghaderi Hajat, M. Azizzadeh Tasouj, M. Shoeibi","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-16","url":null,"abstract":"The realisation of spatial justice, guaranteeing the quality of life for all citizens and the prohibition of citizens’ exclusion are the fundamental principles of optimal urban management. Social seclusion is associated with social policies such as education, health, housing, employment, crime, welfare, poverty alleviation, etc. The spatial problems in Tehran are due to the political organising and political management of space in Iran on a micro and macro scale during the last hundred years. Tehran as the major metropolis of Iran has a special significance in the Iranian urban system; but in terms of spatial justice, the distribution of urban services across its districts is considered heterogeneous. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the status of “Spatial Justice of Tehran” in terms of urban services and examine the level of difference between districts. Mixed method is used in this research. The results show that the distribution of urban services is not just in 22 districts of Tehran. According to the findings, district 1 has the highest level of services and districts 17 and 9 have the lowest levels of services.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"57 223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83295741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-23
E. Grinko, D. A. Ilyunina
Economic process management takes place in the context of sharply increased shock and turbulence components, when business environment is extremely unstable, and risk, an inevitable element of a managed system, becomes even more unpredictable as a result of the increased influence of systemic factors. Considering the impact of economic shocks on socio-economic welfare, as well as the reaction, the depth of the consequences, and the susceptibility of countries to shock impulses, the issue of assessing the possible consequences for all economic entities, including banks, became acute. Using economic and mathematical tools, including the calculation of regression coefficients and relative velocities, the study determined the influence of macroeconomic shocks and their main types for the economies of the Russian Federation and EU countries. The specificity of the impact of economic shows on the deposits was shown. Conclusions were drawn regarding the impact of shock impulse indicators on the savings behaviour of depositors, the level of inflow and stability of bank deposits in the Russian Federation and EU countries. It was established that for the Russian economy, the instantaneous impact of all assessed factors on the banks deposit resources is an important feature of the impact of shocks. For European countries, there is a time lag with the transmission of impulses through individual development indicators. The proposed method allows analysing and forecasting the modern crises impact, including the projection of the banks’ deposit activity in the face of the “new normal”. Using this data, future studies may predict a combination of shocks that can affect bank deposit resources, considering the peculiarities of a country development.
{"title":"Assessment of the Influence of Macroeconomic Shocks on Deposit Resources of Commercial Banks in the Russian Federation and the EU Countries","authors":"E. Grinko, D. A. Ilyunina","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-23","url":null,"abstract":"Economic process management takes place in the context of sharply increased shock and turbulence components, when business environment is extremely unstable, and risk, an inevitable element of a managed system, becomes even more unpredictable as a result of the increased influence of systemic factors. Considering the impact of economic shocks on socio-economic welfare, as well as the reaction, the depth of the consequences, and the susceptibility of countries to shock impulses, the issue of assessing the possible consequences for all economic entities, including banks, became acute. Using economic and mathematical tools, including the calculation of regression coefficients and relative velocities, the study determined the influence of macroeconomic shocks and their main types for the economies of the Russian Federation and EU countries. The specificity of the impact of economic shows on the deposits was shown. Conclusions were drawn regarding the impact of shock impulse indicators on the savings behaviour of depositors, the level of inflow and stability of bank deposits in the Russian Federation and EU countries. It was established that for the Russian economy, the instantaneous impact of all assessed factors on the banks deposit resources is an important feature of the impact of shocks. For European countries, there is a time lag with the transmission of impulses through individual development indicators. The proposed method allows analysing and forecasting the modern crises impact, including the projection of the banks’ deposit activity in the face of the “new normal”. Using this data, future studies may predict a combination of shocks that can affect bank deposit resources, considering the peculiarities of a country development.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90520451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-20
M. Arkhipova
The article examines new methodologies for modelling crop yield in agricultural regions of Russia based on the use of remote capabilities to get information on the field state. The proposed approach can be applied to develop indicator systems and create methodological platforms and models necessary to obtain more accurate estimates. In comparison with the traditional regression model, this method uses computer vision technology to gather additional data. Statistical hypothesis testing confirmed the significance of satellite photographs of fields for improving the accuracy of crop yield forecasting models. Traditional econometric tools were compared with various neural networks in order to discover the optimal model. The proposed tools were tested using data from 100 agricultural fields located in municipalities of 43 Russian regions, selected in proportion to the volume of crop production in this region. The conducted analysis showed the advantage of the mixed data neural network in comparison with other neural (multilayer perceptron and convolutional neural network) and regression models. In conditions of uncertainty and a large amount of data, the mixed data neural network can help obtain more accurate estimates. Additionally, while environmental factors have different effects on crop yields, they must be considered along with socio-economic characteristics. The use of new models and data types differing from table information can significantly improve the forecasting accuracy and interpretation. The analysis results can be used for examining and monitoring agricultural production in regional municipalities, determining farm resource requirements, as well as for creating sectoral and comprehensive projects and programmes for the development of the agricultural industry.
{"title":"Modelling Crop Yield in Agricultural Regions Using Computer Vision Technology","authors":"M. Arkhipova","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-20","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines new methodologies for modelling crop yield in agricultural regions of Russia based on the use of remote capabilities to get information on the field state. The proposed approach can be applied to develop indicator systems and create methodological platforms and models necessary to obtain more accurate estimates. In comparison with the traditional regression model, this method uses computer vision technology to gather additional data. Statistical hypothesis testing confirmed the significance of satellite photographs of fields for improving the accuracy of crop yield forecasting models. Traditional econometric tools were compared with various neural networks in order to discover the optimal model. The proposed tools were tested using data from 100 agricultural fields located in municipalities of 43 Russian regions, selected in proportion to the volume of crop production in this region. The conducted analysis showed the advantage of the mixed data neural network in comparison with other neural (multilayer perceptron and convolutional neural network) and regression models. In conditions of uncertainty and a large amount of data, the mixed data neural network can help obtain more accurate estimates. Additionally, while environmental factors have different effects on crop yields, they must be considered along with socio-economic characteristics. The use of new models and data types differing from table information can significantly improve the forecasting accuracy and interpretation. The analysis results can be used for examining and monitoring agricultural production in regional municipalities, determining farm resource requirements, as well as for creating sectoral and comprehensive projects and programmes for the development of the agricultural industry.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81279382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-5
V. Chichkanov, L. Belyaevskaya-Plotnik
Approximately two thousand investment projects, which have already been financed at a cost of about 700 billion roubles, are being implemented in the Far Eastern Federal District. The effects from the implementation of these projects include the commissioning of about 270 enterprises and creation of over 40 thousand jobs. The paper aims to develop and test tools for estimating the multiplier effect of investment projects on the dynamics of regional development indicators. The integral analysis method was used to aggregate various multi-dimensional characteristics of selected projects into one synthetic indicator. As a result, a generalised ranking of investment projects was compiled to assess their combined contribution to regional development. The top-3 projects are: 1) Inaglinsky mining and processing plant (has the greatest economic effect estimated by the expected gross regional product increment of 252 billion roubles); 2) Vostochny Cosmodrome (is expected to create 4,000 new jobs); 3) Sakhalin GRES-2 (has a commercial effect estimated by the expected inflow of private investment in the amount of 432 billion roubles). A detailed study of Far Eastern investment projects in the coordinate space “regional efficiency — regional socio-economic development” allowed us to quantify their multiplicative contribution to socio-economic development of the regions. According to the ranking of investment projects in the Far Eastern Federal District, the largest projects, expected to show high quantitative results, have a multidirectional impact on the socio-economic indicators of the regions of operation. The research results can be used to develop national and regional support programmes for major investment projects to attract additional funding, establish a system of measures for maintaining a favourable investment climate in the region, as well as to create the necessary infrastructure.
{"title":"Estimating the Multiplier Effect of Investment Projects of the Far Eastern Federal District on Regional Socio-Economic Development","authors":"V. Chichkanov, L. Belyaevskaya-Plotnik","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately two thousand investment projects, which have already been financed at a cost of about 700 billion roubles, are being implemented in the Far Eastern Federal District. The effects from the implementation of these projects include the commissioning of about 270 enterprises and creation of over 40 thousand jobs. The paper aims to develop and test tools for estimating the multiplier effect of investment projects on the dynamics of regional development indicators. The integral analysis method was used to aggregate various multi-dimensional characteristics of selected projects into one synthetic indicator. As a result, a generalised ranking of investment projects was compiled to assess their combined contribution to regional development. The top-3 projects are: 1) Inaglinsky mining and processing plant (has the greatest economic effect estimated by the expected gross regional product increment of 252 billion roubles); 2) Vostochny Cosmodrome (is expected to create 4,000 new jobs); 3) Sakhalin GRES-2 (has a commercial effect estimated by the expected inflow of private investment in the amount of 432 billion roubles). A detailed study of Far Eastern investment projects in the coordinate space “regional efficiency — regional socio-economic development” allowed us to quantify their multiplicative contribution to socio-economic development of the regions. According to the ranking of investment projects in the Far Eastern Federal District, the largest projects, expected to show high quantitative results, have a multidirectional impact on the socio-economic indicators of the regions of operation. The research results can be used to develop national and regional support programmes for major investment projects to attract additional funding, establish a system of measures for maintaining a favourable investment climate in the region, as well as to create the necessary infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80905857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-3
L. Ruzhanskaya, N. G. Fonova, E. Yakimova
The decline in Russian business activity due to the Covid restrictions was much lower than forecasted by international financial institutions. Even the small and medium enterprises (SME) sector, which experienced a significant downturn, in 2021 demonstrated a recovery and intentions to conduct business. The present study aims to reveal the impact of regional authorities on the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises during the crisis, coupled with the entrepreneurs’ own efforts and economic freedom in the region. To this end, a case study of Sverdlovsk oblast, a large Russian region with a diversified industrial structure and a developed SME sector, was analysed. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were utilised in the case study. Qualitative methods include semi-structured interviews with CEOs aimed at identifying deep motives of activity and diversity of business responses to external challenges. As for quantitative methods, the economic freedom index of the region for 2002-2020 was calculated using the Coates method, the relationship between entrepreneurial activity in Sverdlovsk oblast and government intervention in the regional economy was assessed based on the ordinary least squares regression. The study demonstrated that the number of individual entrepreneurs depends on the government participation in the regional economy, while the activity of legal entities is more related to economic freedom. During the crisis, demand reduction and change, real income decline, restrictions on cross-border transactions and a growing concentration of market power accelerated changes in companies’ business models in terms of interaction with consumers, value proposition, networking and digitalisation of business. Additionally, business associations involved in the interaction between companies and public authorities gained importance in this period. The research results can be applied in the design of public policy measures for the small and medium-sized enterprises and regional development.
{"title":"Reaction of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises to the Corona Crisis: the Impact of Regional Authorities","authors":"L. Ruzhanskaya, N. G. Fonova, E. Yakimova","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"The decline in Russian business activity due to the Covid restrictions was much lower than forecasted by international financial institutions. Even the small and medium enterprises (SME) sector, which experienced a significant downturn, in 2021 demonstrated a recovery and intentions to conduct business. The present study aims to reveal the impact of regional authorities on the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises during the crisis, coupled with the entrepreneurs’ own efforts and economic freedom in the region. To this end, a case study of Sverdlovsk oblast, a large Russian region with a diversified industrial structure and a developed SME sector, was analysed. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were utilised in the case study. Qualitative methods include semi-structured interviews with CEOs aimed at identifying deep motives of activity and diversity of business responses to external challenges. As for quantitative methods, the economic freedom index of the region for 2002-2020 was calculated using the Coates method, the relationship between entrepreneurial activity in Sverdlovsk oblast and government intervention in the regional economy was assessed based on the ordinary least squares regression. The study demonstrated that the number of individual entrepreneurs depends on the government participation in the regional economy, while the activity of legal entities is more related to economic freedom. During the crisis, demand reduction and change, real income decline, restrictions on cross-border transactions and a growing concentration of market power accelerated changes in companies’ business models in terms of interaction with consumers, value proposition, networking and digitalisation of business. Additionally, business associations involved in the interaction between companies and public authorities gained importance in this period. The research results can be applied in the design of public policy measures for the small and medium-sized enterprises and regional development.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76722637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-21
S. Polbitsyn, A. Earl
While national and regional governments develop and implement various programmes to support rural entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs themselves consider these programmes insufficient. Ultimately, this situation negatively affects the socio-economic development of rural areas. The study aims to develop and test tools for examining the impact of entrepreneurship support programmes on rural socio-economic development. In order to investigate the motivation of actors in the economic system based on their motivating experience, hermeneutic phenomenological research methods in the field of economics were applied. The comparative analysis of entrepreneurship support programmes in Russia and New Zealand was supplemented by semi-structured interviews of entrepreneurs, which demonstrate that the implementation of unrelated projects reduces their efficiency and reinforces the negative perception. According to assessments of Russian entrepreneurs, infrastructure does not play an important role in the success of projects. In addition, the analysed government programmes rarely take into account social responsibility of business in rural areas, even though most of organisations there are family-owned. Recognising the lack of market experience of potential entrepreneurs, the government should primarily provide them with information on how to organise a sustainable business rather than with financial resources. The obtained results prove that the development and implementation of entrepreneurship support programmes in rural areas requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders: public authorities, local governments, rural entrepreneurs, as well as professional self-regulatory organisations and the rural population. To ensure efficient management of joint activities of all participants, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive system in the form of a rural entrepreneurial ecosystem, where the set targets for the development of rural entrepreneurship can be achieved.
{"title":"Enhancing State Support of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas","authors":"S. Polbitsyn, A. Earl","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-21","url":null,"abstract":"While national and regional governments develop and implement various programmes to support rural entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs themselves consider these programmes insufficient. Ultimately, this situation negatively affects the socio-economic development of rural areas. The study aims to develop and test tools for examining the impact of entrepreneurship support programmes on rural socio-economic development. In order to investigate the motivation of actors in the economic system based on their motivating experience, hermeneutic phenomenological research methods in the field of economics were applied. The comparative analysis of entrepreneurship support programmes in Russia and New Zealand was supplemented by semi-structured interviews of entrepreneurs, which demonstrate that the implementation of unrelated projects reduces their efficiency and reinforces the negative perception. According to assessments of Russian entrepreneurs, infrastructure does not play an important role in the success of projects. In addition, the analysed government programmes rarely take into account social responsibility of business in rural areas, even though most of organisations there are family-owned. Recognising the lack of market experience of potential entrepreneurs, the government should primarily provide them with information on how to organise a sustainable business rather than with financial resources. The obtained results prove that the development and implementation of entrepreneurship support programmes in rural areas requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders: public authorities, local governments, rural entrepreneurs, as well as professional self-regulatory organisations and the rural population. To ensure efficient management of joint activities of all participants, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive system in the form of a rural entrepreneurial ecosystem, where the set targets for the development of rural entrepreneurship can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81874077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-7
I. Zabelina
The accelerated development of the Russian Far East is among the country’s national priorities. Since the ultimate goal is to increase the well-being of the population, it is important to create a healthy environment. The article presents the comprehensive assessment results of the welfare of the Eastern regions in the context of achieving the strategic goals of the state policy for the development of the Russian Far East. The research aims to assess the character of socio-economic development, as well as to obtain quantitative characteristics of socio-ecological and economic well-being of the Eastern regions using a multiplicative model based on Sen’s extended welfare function. It is hypothesised that environmental factors play an important role in the quality of life in the Eastern regions, meaning that the inclusion of the corresponding component in the multiplicative model will lead to a decrease in the assessment of their welfare. For some regions, the study identified such negative trends as the strengthening of the raw material orientation of economic development, a decrease in the share of manufacturing industries, continuing resource export. The inclusion of the environmental component into the multiplicative model significantly affected the assessment results: in most of the Eastern regions, environmentally adjusted characteristic of regional development was significantly lower than the indicator that does not consider this aspect. Moreover, some border regions showed the worst dynamics of the examined indicators. Advantages of the border situation and accelerated development mechanisms currently implemented in the Far East have not yet contributed to a noticeable increase in the welfare of these regions. The research results can be used in the public administration practice for developing strategic planning documents, socio-economic and environmental programmes, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented accelerated development mechanisms.
{"title":"Assessment of the Socio-Ecological and Economic Welfare of the Russian Eastern Regions Using Sen’s Extended Function","authors":"I. Zabelina","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerated development of the Russian Far East is among the country’s national priorities. Since the ultimate goal is to increase the well-being of the population, it is important to create a healthy environment. The article presents the comprehensive assessment results of the welfare of the Eastern regions in the context of achieving the strategic goals of the state policy for the development of the Russian Far East. The research aims to assess the character of socio-economic development, as well as to obtain quantitative characteristics of socio-ecological and economic well-being of the Eastern regions using a multiplicative model based on Sen’s extended welfare function. It is hypothesised that environmental factors play an important role in the quality of life in the Eastern regions, meaning that the inclusion of the corresponding component in the multiplicative model will lead to a decrease in the assessment of their welfare. For some regions, the study identified such negative trends as the strengthening of the raw material orientation of economic development, a decrease in the share of manufacturing industries, continuing resource export. The inclusion of the environmental component into the multiplicative model significantly affected the assessment results: in most of the Eastern regions, environmentally adjusted characteristic of regional development was significantly lower than the indicator that does not consider this aspect. Moreover, some border regions showed the worst dynamics of the examined indicators. Advantages of the border situation and accelerated development mechanisms currently implemented in the Far East have not yet contributed to a noticeable increase in the welfare of these regions. The research results can be used in the public administration practice for developing strategic planning documents, socio-economic and environmental programmes, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented accelerated development mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"317 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80126859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-13
V. Churashev, N. Suslov, V. Markova, Y. Fridman
The global decarbonisation policy, growing availability of alternative energy sources and, subsequently, intensified competition in the global energy market increase the risks for coal suppliers, including Russia, the world’s third largest exporter of this fuel. Based on the author’s database on coal projects in Asian Russia, policy documents for the fuel and energy sector development and forecasts of global fuel consumption, the study presents the development outlook of the Russian coal industry up to 2040. The scenarios took into consideration the decarbonisation rate, features of the energy transition and implementation costs. As a result, optimistic, baseline and pessimistic scenarios were created. The baseline scenario assumes that the global decarbonisation rate will be reduced and coal energy will be present in the energy balance for at least twenty years. The implementation of this scenario should be accompanied by a radical increase in labour productivity, technological modernisation of the main production processes, the launch of advanced coal processing enterprises, and achieved compliance with international environmental standards. At the same time, the export orientation of Russian coal projects, primarily to the Asia-Pacific market, will remain. This situation will stimulate transport infrastructure development in Siberia and the Russian Far East, positively affect the integrated socio-economic development of Asian territories and improve the quality of life of the population, contributing to the stability of the political and economic system. The findings can be used to assess the investment impulse of large development projects in Asian Russia.
{"title":"Coal Projects as a Possible Driver of Infrastructure Development in Asian Russia","authors":"V. Churashev, N. Suslov, V. Markova, Y. Fridman","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-13","url":null,"abstract":"The global decarbonisation policy, growing availability of alternative energy sources and, subsequently, intensified competition in the global energy market increase the risks for coal suppliers, including Russia, the world’s third largest exporter of this fuel. Based on the author’s database on coal projects in Asian Russia, policy documents for the fuel and energy sector development and forecasts of global fuel consumption, the study presents the development outlook of the Russian coal industry up to 2040. The scenarios took into consideration the decarbonisation rate, features of the energy transition and implementation costs. As a result, optimistic, baseline and pessimistic scenarios were created. The baseline scenario assumes that the global decarbonisation rate will be reduced and coal energy will be present in the energy balance for at least twenty years. The implementation of this scenario should be accompanied by a radical increase in labour productivity, technological modernisation of the main production processes, the launch of advanced coal processing enterprises, and achieved compliance with international environmental standards. At the same time, the export orientation of Russian coal projects, primarily to the Asia-Pacific market, will remain. This situation will stimulate transport infrastructure development in Siberia and the Russian Far East, positively affect the integrated socio-economic development of Asian territories and improve the quality of life of the population, contributing to the stability of the political and economic system. The findings can be used to assess the investment impulse of large development projects in Asian Russia.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82387535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-6
E. Lyaskovskaya, T. Khudyakova, A. Shmidt
Digitalisation and urbanisation have led to smart city becoming a key element of the concept of sustainable development, acting as an object of sustainable development management. Thus, a smart city must become a sustainable smart city. The first step is the creation of the system of current state diagnostics or smart city ranking. This ranking should consider international standards, the specificity of Russian urban development, as well as various components of sustainable development. It is hypothesised that the ranking methodology reflecting these components can be used to analyse the dynamics of sustainable development based on the chosen criteria and factors. To assess social, environmental, economic and management components of cities with a population of more than 100,000 people, the proposed technique relies on the theory of multiple comparisons and the distance method. The comprehensive assessment of smart cities includes 71 indicators grouped into 8 criteria: people, social cohesion, economy, management, ecology and the environment, transport, urban planning, technology. The study analysed Russian and international statistical databases, as well as data from industry agencies. The ranking of 171 cities was developed; regional features of Russian smart cities were identified using the selected criteria. The cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Balashikha, Krasnodar and Kazan are at the top of the ranking. The leadership of the Central Federal District and a significant differentiation by the criteria “urban planning” and “technology” are the key regional features. Annual comprehensive assessment can be used to track the dynamics of the development of smart cities, evaluate the effectiveness of decision-making and implementation, plan urban development based on federal and regional digitalisation projects, as well as create strategies to enhance the sustainability of Russian smart cities.
{"title":"Improving the Ranking of Russian Smart Cities","authors":"E. Lyaskovskaya, T. Khudyakova, A. Shmidt","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalisation and urbanisation have led to smart city becoming a key element of the concept of sustainable development, acting as an object of sustainable development management. Thus, a smart city must become a sustainable smart city. The first step is the creation of the system of current state diagnostics or smart city ranking. This ranking should consider international standards, the specificity of Russian urban development, as well as various components of sustainable development. It is hypothesised that the ranking methodology reflecting these components can be used to analyse the dynamics of sustainable development based on the chosen criteria and factors. To assess social, environmental, economic and management components of cities with a population of more than 100,000 people, the proposed technique relies on the theory of multiple comparisons and the distance method. The comprehensive assessment of smart cities includes 71 indicators grouped into 8 criteria: people, social cohesion, economy, management, ecology and the environment, transport, urban planning, technology. The study analysed Russian and international statistical databases, as well as data from industry agencies. The ranking of 171 cities was developed; regional features of Russian smart cities were identified using the selected criteria. The cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Balashikha, Krasnodar and Kazan are at the top of the ranking. The leadership of the Central Federal District and a significant differentiation by the criteria “urban planning” and “technology” are the key regional features. Annual comprehensive assessment can be used to track the dynamics of the development of smart cities, evaluate the effectiveness of decision-making and implementation, plan urban development based on federal and regional digitalisation projects, as well as create strategies to enhance the sustainability of Russian smart cities.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83468388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-3
E. Smirnov
The current global crisis led to the transformation of global value chains (GVC) in strategies of transnational companies (TNCs). The present study aims to establish a causal relationship between the volatility of the world economy and regionalisation of global value chains. Based on historical analysis and a systemic-functional approach, scattered information about the impact of global value chains on the development of TNC strategies was integrated. Thus, various aspects of TNC activities (their participation in international trade, international capital flows, etc.) were analysed together in order to identify the consequences of regionalisation for the strategic development of such companies. The study revealed that the established international production system carries many risks, which are exacerbated by continuing protectionism in international trade. Under the influence of digitalisation, regionalisation of value chains and partial reshoring of production facilities are the key directions for further development of GVCs. Given the rapid cross-border transmission of exogenous shocks, the stability and sustainability of global value chains will determine their development; however, there is no evidence whether GVCs will lengthen or shorten. The high cost of the complex reconfiguration of GVCs towards regionalisation will lead to only minor changes in their architecture. The redesign will affect only some aspects of activities, in particular, the organisation of work with global suppliers. While the weak integration of developing countries into GVCs will remain, the barriers to internationalisation will be reduced under the influence of digitalisation, creating new opportunities for the incorporation of small business into the international production system. In general, global value chains will still be considered a reliable source to reduce the risks of global operating activities of TNCs. The research results can be used for further theoretical and methodological development of internationalisation strategies.
{"title":"Post-Crisis Regionalisation of Global Value Chains in Strategies of Transnational Companies","authors":"E. Smirnov","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"The current global crisis led to the transformation of global value chains (GVC) in strategies of transnational companies (TNCs). The present study aims to establish a causal relationship between the volatility of the world economy and regionalisation of global value chains. Based on historical analysis and a systemic-functional approach, scattered information about the impact of global value chains on the development of TNC strategies was integrated. Thus, various aspects of TNC activities (their participation in international trade, international capital flows, etc.) were analysed together in order to identify the consequences of regionalisation for the strategic development of such companies. The study revealed that the established international production system carries many risks, which are exacerbated by continuing protectionism in international trade. Under the influence of digitalisation, regionalisation of value chains and partial reshoring of production facilities are the key directions for further development of GVCs. Given the rapid cross-border transmission of exogenous shocks, the stability and sustainability of global value chains will determine their development; however, there is no evidence whether GVCs will lengthen or shorten. The high cost of the complex reconfiguration of GVCs towards regionalisation will lead to only minor changes in their architecture. The redesign will affect only some aspects of activities, in particular, the organisation of work with global suppliers. While the weak integration of developing countries into GVCs will remain, the barriers to internationalisation will be reduced under the influence of digitalisation, creating new opportunities for the incorporation of small business into the international production system. In general, global value chains will still be considered a reliable source to reduce the risks of global operating activities of TNCs. The research results can be used for further theoretical and methodological development of internationalisation strategies.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90076508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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