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Women Tend to Perceive Greater Risks Associated With the COVID-19 Outbreak and Are More Likely to Follow Precautionary Measures 女性倾向于感知与COVID-19爆发相关的更大风险,并更有可能采取预防措施
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000089
G. Prati, S. Stefani, I. Barbieri
Abstract. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may have a different impact on men and women. Aim: This study aimed to investigate gender differences in risk perception, attitudes toward quarantine measures, and adoption of precautionary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: We employed a cross-sectional web-based survey design. The sample included 1,569 people living in Italy. The survey was conducted during the national lockdown in April 2020 when the Italian government extended the quarantine measures to the whole country. Results: Results showed that women reported higher scores on perceived severity, worry, precautionary behaviors, and attitudes toward quarantine restrictions. Gender differences in the perceived likelihood of infection with SARS-CoV-2 were not significant. Using mediation analysis, we found that the relationship between gender and precautionary behaviors was explained by attitudes toward quarantine restrictions, perceived severity, and worry. Limitations: The use of a cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. Conclusion: Our results point to the need to develop and implement interventions that address (1) the higher levels of risk perception of the COVID-19 outbreak among women and (2) the lower scores on risk perception, attitudes toward quarantine restrictions, and adoption of precautionary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among men.
摘要背景:2019冠状病毒病大流行可能对男性和女性产生不同的影响。目的:调查新冠肺炎大流行期间性别在风险认知、隔离措施态度和采取预防行为方面的差异。方法:采用基于网络的横断面调查设计。样本包括1569名生活在意大利的人。该调查是在意大利政府将隔离措施扩大到全国的2020年4月全国封锁期间进行的。结果:结果显示,女性在感知到的严重程度、担忧、预防行为和对隔离限制的态度方面得分更高。在感知感染SARS-CoV-2的可能性方面,性别差异不显著。通过中介分析,我们发现性别与预防行为之间的关系可以通过对隔离限制的态度、感知到的严重程度和担忧来解释。局限性:使用横断面设计排除了因果推理。结论:我们的研究结果表明,需要制定和实施干预措施,以解决以下问题:(1)女性对COVID-19疫情的风险认知水平较高;(2)男性在COVID-19大流行期间的风险认知、对隔离限制的态度和采取预防行为的得分较低。
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引用次数: 4
Treatment Beliefs in Patients with Mental Disorders in Psychosomatic Rehabilitation 心身康复中精神障碍患者的治疗信念
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000087
Rieka von der Warth, A. Nau, M. Rudolph, Matthias Stapel, J. Bengel, M. Glattacker
Abstract. Background: The efficacy of inpatient psychosomatic rehabilitation in Germany can be considered proven. However, a significant number of patients with mental disorders remain unsatisfied with rehabilitation or being non-responders. Illness beliefs, as the core element of the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM), are widely known as predictors of various health outcomes. Yet, little is known about treatment beliefs as an extension of the CSM and their impact on health outcomes. Aim: As treatment beliefs differ in relation to the treatment, this study aimed to explore rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs in psychosomatic rehabilitation patients with mental disorders before inpatient admission. Thus, knowledge of the concept of rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs will be added. Methods: N = 10 semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted in September/October 2018. A purposive sampling approach was chosen based on the criteria gender, age, and diagnosis. Participants were asked about their rehabilitation expectations starting with an open narrative question. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants had a mean age of 48.3 years ( SD = 9.42); five participants were female and five male. 9 main themes with 32 subthemes as components of the rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs were identified: reasons for rehabilitation, conditions within the clinic, rehabilitation planning, organization of the rehabilitation, the content of the rehabilitation, results of the rehabilitation, concerns, expectations toward one’s behavior, and contact to other patients. Limitation: Our sample was too small to analyze the data for different subgroups. Conclusion: Results show that rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs are multidimensional, addressing different aspects of psychosomatic rehabilitation.
摘要背景:德国住院心身康复的疗效可以认为是被证实的。然而,相当数量的精神障碍患者仍然对康复不满意或无反应。疾病信念作为自我调节常识模型(CSM)的核心要素,被广泛认为是各种健康结果的预测因子。然而,人们对治疗信念作为CSM的延伸及其对健康结果的影响知之甚少。目的:由于治疗信念与治疗相关,本研究旨在探讨精神障碍心身康复患者住院前的康复相关治疗信念。因此,与康复相关的治疗信念概念的知识将被添加。方法:于2018年9 / 10月进行N = 10次半结构化电话访谈。根据性别、年龄和诊断标准选择有目的的抽样方法。参与者被问及他们对康复的期望,从一个开放的叙述性问题开始。访谈采用定性内容分析进行分析。结果:参与者的平均年龄为48.3岁(SD = 9.42);五名参与者是女性,五名是男性。确定了9个主题和32个子主题作为康复相关治疗信念的组成部分:康复的原因、诊所内的条件、康复计划、康复的组织、康复的内容、康复的结果、关注、对自己行为的期望以及与其他患者的接触。局限性:我们的样本太小,无法分析不同亚组的数据。结论:研究结果表明,康复相关治疗信念是多维的,涉及心身康复的不同方面。
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引用次数: 4
An Evaluation of the PERMA Model as a Framework for Reducing Psychiatric Comorbidity in Individuals With Alopecia Areata 评价PERMA模型作为减少斑秃个体精神共病的框架
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000086
Garrett E. Huck, Emre Umucu, Shaina Shelton, Dana Brickham, S. Smedema
Abstract. Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is among the most common immunological conditions. Although AA is considered to be a medically benign condition, those living with AA often report comorbid psychiatric conditions, high levels of functional impairment, and diminished quality of life. These consequences are largely due to the unique psychological turmoil associated with the condition. Unfortunately, little research has considered how to improve quality of life outcomes for this group. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the PERMA framework of well-being is associated with the individual subjective experience of AA. A greater understanding of how PERMA applies to this group holds promise for assisting clinicians with devising psychosocial coping strategies for this population. Method: 274 individuals were recruited for participation. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between the PERMA variables and AA-related (a) subjective symptoms (e.g., self-consciousness, sadness) and (b) relationship impact (e.g., perceived attractiveness). Each analysis controlled for demographic and condition-specific variables. Results: Demographic and PERMA variables were found to be significantly associated with positive experiences of each quality of life outcome. Limitations: The male to female ratio of participants was biased toward females. Furthermore, the nature of cross-sectional survey research has inherent limitations. Conclusion: The findings provide support for a relationship between PERMA variables and quality of life outcomes among people with AA. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
摘要背景:斑秃(AA)是最常见的免疫疾病之一。虽然AA被认为是一种医学上良性的疾病,但AA患者经常报告共病精神疾病、高度功能障碍和生活质量下降。这些后果很大程度上是由于与这种情况相关的独特的心理动荡。不幸的是,很少有研究考虑如何提高这一群体的生活质量。目的:本研究的目的是评估幸福感的PERMA框架如何与个体主观AA体验相关联。更好地了解PERMA如何应用于这一群体,有助于临床医生为这一人群设计心理社会应对策略。方法:招募274人参与。使用层次回归分析来评估PERMA变量与aa相关(a)主观症状(如自我意识、悲伤)和(b)关系影响(如感知吸引力)之间的关联。每个分析都控制了人口统计和特定条件的变量。结果:发现人口统计学和PERMA变量与每个生活质量结果的积极体验显着相关。局限性:参与者的男女比例偏向女性。此外,横断面调查研究的性质有其固有的局限性。结论:本研究结果支持了PERMA变量与AA患者生活质量结果之间的关系。讨论了临床意义和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 2
Body Compassion Scale 身体同情量表
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000088
Giulia Rosa Policardo, A. Nerini, Cristian Di Gesto, Camilla Matera
Abstract. Background: In recent years, body image research has focused on the aspects of positive body image ( Smolak & Cash, 2011 ). This represents an important change in this area from a primary focus on negative body image to a comprehensive exploration of the body image concept. Aims: Validation of measures to help understand the positive and healthy characteristics of body image is therefore particularly important. The Body Compassion Scale (BCS; Altman, Linfield, et al., 2017 ) is a self-report scale aimed at measuring how compassionate one feels toward one’s own body. This study is a validation of BCS to confirm its factor structure and to assess its reliability and validity. Method: The 23-item scale was translated into Italian and presented to a sample of 695 Italian women. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the factor structure of the Italian version of the BCS. Results: Results were largely comparable to those obtained for the original English version of the BCS. The three-factor structure was largely replicated and expected associations with body dissatisfaction, psychological inflexibility, and psychological well-being were found. Limitations: BCS reliability was assessed only in terms of internal consistency; a longitudinal research design could be useful to assess the test-retest reliability. It would also be important for future research to study body compassion in different populations. Conclusion: This scale could be a useful measure for structured psychological interventions aimed at promoting a positive body image, but also in empirical research to obtain information on how individuals relate to their bodies.
摘要背景:近年来,身体形象研究主要集中在积极的身体形象方面(Smolak & Cash, 2011)。这代表了该领域从主要关注负面身体形象到全面探索身体形象概念的重要变化。目的:因此,验证有助于了解身体形象的积极和健康特征的措施尤为重要。身体同情量表(BCS;Altman, Linfield等人,2017)是一个自我报告量表,旨在衡量一个人对自己身体的同情程度。本研究对BCS进行验证,确认其因子结构,评估其信度和效度。方法:将23项量表翻译成意大利语,对695名意大利女性进行抽样调查。采用验证性因子分析(CFA)来检验意大利版BCS的因子结构。结果:结果在很大程度上与原始英文版BCS的结果相当。三因素结构在很大程度上被复制,并与身体不满意、心理不灵活和心理健康有预期的联系。局限性:BCS可靠性仅根据内部一致性进行评估;纵向研究设计有助于评估重测信度。研究不同人群的身体同情对未来的研究也很重要。结论:该量表可以作为一种有用的测量方法,用于结构化的心理干预,旨在促进积极的身体形象,但也可以用于实证研究,以获取个人如何与他们的身体相关的信息。
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引用次数: 4
Investigating Attachment Insecurity and Somatosensory Amplification, and the Mediating Role of Interpersonal Problems 依恋不安全感与躯体感觉放大的关系及人际关系问题的中介作用
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000078
D. Kealy, S. Rice, G. Chartier, Daniel W. Cox
Abstract. Background: Somatosensory amplification involves perceptual sensitivity to and cognitive-affective interpretation of bodily sensations and external stimuli, contributing to heightened experiences of somatic symptoms. However, little is known about somatosensory amplification in relation to vulnerabilities such as attachment insecurity. Aims: The present study investigated the link between attachment insecurity and somatosensory amplification, including the mediating role of dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors. Method: A sample of 245 adult community members completed the Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and abbreviated versions of the Experiences in Close Relationships scale and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Correlational and regression analyses were used to examine relations among study variables, including a hypothesized parallel mediation model. Results: Somatosensory amplification was significantly associated with attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance. Regression analyses, controlling for general anxiety symptoms and gender, found that interpersonal sensitivity (but not aggression or ambivalence) mediated the link between attachment anxiety and somatosensory amplification. Limitations: Study limitations include the use of cross-sectional data and a non-clinical sample. Conclusion: The findings indicate that somatosensory amplification may be related to individuals’ attachment anxiety, through the mediating effect of interpersonal sensitivity problems.
摘要背景:体感放大包括对身体感觉和外部刺激的知觉敏感性和认知情感解释,有助于提高躯体症状的体验。然而,人们对躯体感觉放大与依恋不安全感等脆弱性的关系知之甚少。目的:探讨依恋不安全感与躯体感觉放大之间的关系,包括人际关系失调性行为的中介作用。方法:对245名社区成年成员进行躯体感觉放大量表、广泛性焦虑障碍量表、精简版亲密关系体验量表和人际关系问题问卷调查。相关分析和回归分析被用来检验研究变量之间的关系,包括一个假设的平行中介模型。结果:躯体感觉放大与依恋焦虑显著相关,与依恋回避无显著相关。在控制一般焦虑症状和性别的回归分析中,发现人际敏感性(而不是攻击性或矛盾心理)介导了依恋焦虑和体感放大之间的联系。局限性:研究的局限性包括使用横断面数据和非临床样本。结论:躯体感觉放大可能通过人际敏感问题的中介作用与个体的依恋焦虑相关。
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引用次数: 0
Treating Excessive Consumers With Brief Intervention to Reduce Their Alcohol Consumption 通过短暂干预治疗过度消费者以减少他们的酒精消费
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000079
Thomas Fankhänel, Benjamin Jovan Panic, Marcus A. Schwarz, Katrin Schulz, T. Frese
Abstract. Background: General Practitioners’ (GP) readiness to implement screening and brief intervention to reduce alcohol consumption of excessive consumers is low. Although several barriers were identified by past research, improving these conditions has not led to improved implementation. Based on Expectancy Value Theory of Achievement Motivation we assume that low seriousness of the health problem in association with the treatment of excessive alcohol consumers may be considered as a crucial barrier too. Aims: By our study, we tested for the influence of the seriousness of the health problem on the GP’s readiness to implement brief intervention (BI) in comparison to crucial barriers such as insufficient financial reimbursement and low patient adherence. Method: In order to manipulate the seriousness of the health problem GPs were confronted with three different situations each introducing a fictitious patient with either excessive alcohol consumption, or binge drinking, or harmful alcohol consumption. Results: Questionnaires of 185 GPs were analyzed. As hypothesized GPs were less ready to treat patients with excessive consumption in comparison to patients with harmful consumption, t(184) = 5.51, p < .001, d = .40, and binge drinking, t(184) = 6.14, p < .001, d = .43. Their readiness was higher in case of high adherence, F(1, 181) = 17.35, p < .001, η2 = .09. Limitations: Recruitment of GPs was based on voluntary participation. GPs had to assess their readiness in the artificial context of case vignettes. Conclusion: GPs’ readiness to implement a BI was influenced by the seriousness of the health problem and expected patient adherence. No such effect was found for financial reimbursement.
摘要背景:全科医生(GP)实施筛查和简短干预以减少过量饮酒的意愿较低。虽然过去的研究发现了一些障碍,但改善这些条件并没有改善实施情况。基于成就动机的期望价值理论,我们假设与治疗过量饮酒者相关的健康问题的低严重性也可能被认为是一个关键障碍。目的:通过我们的研究,我们测试了健康问题的严重性对全科医生实施简短干预(BI)的准备程度的影响,并与诸如财务报销不足和患者依从性低等关键障碍进行了比较。方法:为了操纵健康问题的严重性,全科医生面对三种不同的情况,每一种情况都介绍了一个虚构的病人,要么过量饮酒,要么酗酒,要么有害饮酒。结果:对185名全科医生的问卷进行分析。假设全科医生治疗过度饮酒患者比有害饮酒患者更不愿意治疗,t(184) = 5.51, p < 0.001, d = 0.40,酗酒患者t(184) = 6.14, p < 0.001, d = 0.43。依从性越高,其准备程度越高,F(1,181) = 17.35, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.09。局限性:全科医生的招募是基于自愿参与。全科医生必须评估他们的准备情况,在人为的背景下的案例插图。结论:全科医生实施BI的准备程度受健康问题的严重性和预期患者依从性的影响。在财务偿还方面没有发现这种影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence on the Conceptual Distinctness of Normal Grief From Depression 抑郁症引起的正常悲伤概念差异的证据
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000077
J. Wittkowski, R. Scheuchenpflug
Abstract. Background: The distinctness of grief from depression has been the subject of a long scholarly debate, even influencing definitions of diagnostic criteria. Aims: This study aims at clarifying the issue by a multifaceted analysis of data from a large German sample. Method: A community sample of 406 bereaved persons answered the Wuerzburg Grief Inventory (WGI), a multidimensional grief questionnaire designed to measure normal grief in the German language, and the General Depression Scale – Short Version (GDS-S), a self-report depression scale. Data were analyzed by factor analysis to identify structural (dis-)similarities of the constructs, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the influence of the factors relationship to the deceased, type of death, and time since loss on grief measures and depression scores. Results: Factor analysis clustered items referring to grief-related impairments and depression into one factor, items referring to other dimensions of grief on separate factors, however. Relationship to the deceased influenced the grief measures impairments and nearness to the deceased, but not depression scores if controlled for impairments. Type of death showed specific effects on grief scores, but not on depression scores. Time since loss influenced grief scores, but not depression scores. Limitations: The analysis is based on a self-selected community sample of grieving persons, self-report measures, and in part, on cross-sectional data. Conclusion: Factor analysis and objective data show a clear distinction of dimensions of grief and depression. The human experience of grief contains a sense of nearness to the lost person, feelings of guilt, and positive aspects of the loss experience in addition to components resembling depression.
摘要背景:抑郁症中悲伤的独特性一直是长期学术争论的主题,甚至影响了诊断标准的定义。目的:本研究旨在通过对德国大量样本数据的多方面分析来澄清这一问题。方法:以社区样本406名丧亲者为样本,分别填写维尔茨堡悲伤量表(WGI)和通用抑郁量表(GDS-S)。维尔茨堡悲伤量表是一份多维悲伤问卷,旨在用德语测量正常的悲伤程度。通过因子分析来确定结构(非)相似性,并通过方差分析(ANOVA)来确定与死者、死亡类型和失去亲人后时间相关的因素对悲伤测量和抑郁评分的影响。结果:因子分析将涉及悲伤相关障碍和抑郁的条目聚为一个因子,而涉及悲伤其他维度的条目则聚为单独的因子。与死者的关系会影响悲伤测量损伤和对死者的亲近程度,但如果控制损伤,则不会影响抑郁得分。死亡类型对悲伤得分有特殊影响,但对抑郁得分没有影响。失去亲人后的时间会影响悲伤得分,但不会影响抑郁得分。局限性:该分析是基于自我选择的悲伤人群社区样本、自我报告测量和部分横断面数据。结论:因素分析和客观数据显示,悲伤和抑郁在维度上有明显的区别。人类的悲伤经历包括对失去的人的亲近感,内疚感和失去经历的积极方面,以及类似抑郁的成分。
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引用次数: 2
Computerized Adaptive Testing for Sleep Disorders 睡眠障碍的计算机化适应性测试
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000076
Menghua She, Yaling Li, Dongbo Tu, Yan Cai
Abstract. Background: As more and more people suffer from sleep disorders, the need to develop an efficient, inexpensive, and accurate assessment tool for screening sleep disorders has become more urgent. Aim: The aim of the current study was to develop a system allowing computerized adaptive testing for sleep disorders (CAT-SD). Methods: A large sample ( N = 1,304) was recruited to construct an item bank for CAT-SD and to investigate the psychometric characteristics of CAT-SD. First, analyses of unidimensionality, model fit, item fit, item discrimination parameters, and differential item functioning (DIF) were conducted to construct a final item pool to meet the requirements of item response theory measurement. Then, a simulated CAT study with real data was performed to investigate the psychometric characteristics of CAT-SD, including the reliability, validity, and predictive utility (sensitivity and specificity). Results: The final unidimensional item bank of the CAT-SD had good item fit, high discrimination, and no DIF. Moreover, it had acceptable reliability, validity, and predictive utility. Limitations: Non-statistical assembly constraints, execution environment, construction of item bank, criterion-related validity, and predictive utility (sensitivity and specificity) of CAT-SD, and sample representativeness are discussed. Conclusions: The CAT-SD could be used as an effective and accurate assessment tool for measuring the sleep disorders in individuals and offers a novel approach to the screening of sleep disorders utilizing psychological scales.
摘要背景:随着越来越多的人患有睡眠障碍,开发一种高效、廉价、准确的评估工具来筛查睡眠障碍的需求变得更加迫切。目的:当前研究的目的是开发一个系统,允许计算机适应测试睡眠障碍(CAT-SD)。方法:采用大样本(N = 1,304)构建CAT-SD题库,对CAT-SD的心理测量特征进行调查。首先,通过单维性分析、模型拟合分析、项目拟合分析、项目判别参数分析和差异项目功能分析,构建了满足项目反应理论测量要求的最终项目库。然后,使用真实数据进行模拟CAT研究,研究CAT- sd的心理测量特征,包括信度、效度和预测效用(敏感性和特异性)。结果:最终编制的CAT-SD单维题库项目拟合度好,辨识度高,无DIF。此外,它具有可接受的信度、效度和预测效用。限制:非统计组装约束,执行环境,题库的建设,标准相关的效度,预测效用(敏感性和特异性)CAT-SD和样本代表性进行了讨论。结论:CAT-SD可作为一种有效、准确的测量个体睡眠障碍的评估工具,为利用心理量表筛查睡眠障碍提供了一种新的方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Irrational Health Beliefs Scale and Health Behaviors in a Non-Clinical Population 非临床人群的非理性健康信念量表与健康行为
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000075
L. Pitel, Eva Ballová Mikušková
Abstract. To date, there has been inconclusive evidence on the predictive ability of health-related cognitive distortion, as measured by the Irrational Health Belief Scale (IHBS), regarding health behaviors (HBs). The aims of our study were to provide a validation of the Slovak translation of the IHBS and to assess the relationship of the IHBS with a wide range of HBs, as well as the predictive ability of the IHBS regarding HBs over and above other health-related psychological constructs. A total of 448 students attending mostly Slovak universities completed the IHBS, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, the Big Five Inventory – 2, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Bratislava Health Behaviors Questionnaire. The internal consistency and temporal stability of the Slovak version of the IHBS were confirmed. The IHBS correlated moderately with medical adherence but was unrelated to substance use and an unhealthy diet. The association of cognitive distortion with the sum score of HBs was only weak, albeit statistically significant. The IHBS had weak but significant incremental power. However, two health locus of control dimensions as well as negative emotionality were more strongly related to HBs than cognitive distortion in that multivariate model.
摘要迄今为止,有关健康行为的非理性健康信念量表(IHBS)所测量的与健康相关的认知扭曲的预测能力还没有确凿的证据。我们研究的目的是验证IHBS的斯洛伐克语翻译,评估IHBS与广泛的HBs之间的关系,以及IHBS对HBs的预测能力,而不是其他与健康相关的心理结构。共有448名斯洛伐克大学学生完成了IHBS、多维健康控制点量表、大五量表- 2、积极和消极影响量表和布拉迪斯拉发健康行为问卷。斯洛伐克版IHBS的内部一致性和时间稳定性得到证实。IHBS与医疗依从性适度相关,但与物质使用和不健康饮食无关。认知扭曲与HBs总得分的关联虽然有统计学意义,但很微弱。IHBS具有微弱但显著的增量功率。然而,在多变量模型中,两个健康控制点维度和负面情绪与hbbs的关系比认知扭曲更强。
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引用次数: 4
Comparisons as Predictors of People’s Beliefs about the Importance of Changing Their Health Behaviors 比较作为人们对改变健康行为重要性的信念的预测因子
IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/xqge3
Jane E. Miller, Paul D. Windschitl, Teresa A. Treat, A. Scherer
The current study tested relative strengths of different comparison beliefs for predicting people’s self-assessments of whether they should increase their health-relevant behaviors (exercise, sleep, and fruit and vegetable consumption). Comparison beliefs relevant to three standards (perceived global, local, expert standards) were evaluated. Data were combined from three similar studies (total N = 744) that had a cross-sectional, within-subject design. Participants completed importance-of-change scales regarding the three health behaviors and reported comparison beliefs and absolute behavior frequencies/amounts. Results were consistent across the three behaviors. Comparison beliefs predicted ratings of importance of changing one’s behavior, even beyond what is predicted by reports of absolute behavior frequency. Expert comparisons were consistently most predictive above and beyond the absolute estimates and the other comparison standards. There was no evidence of a local dominance effect when examining local versus global comparisons. Comparison beliefs have unique utility for predicting people’s perceived importance of changing their heath behavior. The fact that expert comparisons were consistently most predictive (and local comparisons the least) may have implications for interventions designed for encouraging behavior change.
目前的研究测试了不同比较信念在预测人们是否应该增加与健康相关的行为(运动、睡眠、水果和蔬菜消费)的自我评估方面的相对优势。比较信念相关的三个标准(感知全球,地方,专家标准)进行评估。数据来自三个类似的研究(总N = 744),采用横断面、受试者内设计。参与者完成了关于三种健康行为的改变重要性量表,并报告了比较信念和绝对行为频率/数量。这三种行为的结果是一致的。比较信念预测了改变一个人行为的重要性评级,甚至超出了绝对行为频率报告的预测。专家比较始终是最具预测性的,超过绝对估计和其他比较标准。在检查本地与全球比较时,没有证据表明存在本地优势效应。比较信念在预测人们感知到的改变健康行为的重要性方面具有独特的效用。专家比较始终是最具预测性的(而本地比较是最不具预测性的),这一事实可能暗示了旨在鼓励行为改变的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Health Psychology
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