The concurrent lamination of distinct categorial principles in speech allows language users to interpret and create a vast range of social-interpersonal realities. Any conceivable dimension of social life – from the mental states of persons to the forms of belonging they exhibit within sociohistorical orders of caste, class, age-set, gender, commerce, or profession – can indexically be linked to features of speech, and thus enacted in interpersonal encounters. This paper discusses a range of cases in which such dimensions of social life are made manifest through social indexical effects performed and negotiated through speech. In the course of analyzing a delimited set of case studies, the paper presents an outline of the analytic tools and methods that permit the systematic study of such processes in any language community or locale.
{"title":"Norm and trope in social indexicality","authors":"Asif Agha","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2022","url":null,"abstract":"The concurrent lamination of distinct categorial principles in speech allows language users to interpret and create a vast range of social-interpersonal realities. Any conceivable dimension of social life – from the mental states of persons to the forms of belonging they exhibit within sociohistorical orders of caste, class, age-set, gender, commerce, or profession – can indexically be linked to features of speech, and thus enacted in interpersonal encounters. This paper discusses a range of cases in which such dimensions of social life are made manifest through social indexical effects performed and negotiated through speech. In the course of analyzing a delimited set of case studies, the paper presents an outline of the analytic tools and methods that permit the systematic study of such processes in any language community or locale.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arthur Danto’s philosophy of art contributes significantly to diverse perspectives that seek to understand the nature and significance of artistic creations, offering unique insights into the interpretation and meaning of artworks. This paper aims to examine Danto’s philosophy of art by employing the semiotic framework developed by Charles Sanders Peirce and applying it to the analysis of three famous artworks. By integrating Peirce’s semiotics with Danto’s ideas, we seek to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of art, its interpretation, and the significance it holds within the “artworld.” This exploration highlights the complementary aspects of Peirce’s semiotics and Danto’s philosophy of art, shedding light on the multifaceted realm of artistic expression.
{"title":"Understanding artworks from Danto’s philosophy of art: a Peircean semiotic approach","authors":"Qiaojuan Luo","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2027","url":null,"abstract":"Arthur Danto’s philosophy of art contributes significantly to diverse perspectives that seek to understand the nature and significance of artistic creations, offering unique insights into the interpretation and meaning of artworks. This paper aims to examine Danto’s philosophy of art by employing the semiotic framework developed by Charles Sanders Peirce and applying it to the analysis of three famous artworks. By integrating Peirce’s semiotics with Danto’s ideas, we seek to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of art, its interpretation, and the significance it holds within the “artworld.” This exploration highlights the complementary aspects of Peirce’s semiotics and Danto’s philosophy of art, shedding light on the multifaceted realm of artistic expression.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Prague School of Linguistics is one of the most important groups in the history of twentieth-century structuralism. Ever since Qixiang Cen wrote on it at the end of the 1950s in his book on the history of linguistics, it has continued to attract the interest of Chinese linguists. This essay explores the half-century in which the Prague School was introduced and studied in China and aims to identify the features of the three stages of these linguists’ efforts.
{"title":"Introducing the Prague School: efforts of Chinese linguists in the past half-century","authors":"Changliang Qu","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Prague School of Linguistics is one of the most important groups in the history of twentieth-century structuralism. Ever since Qixiang Cen wrote on it at the end of the 1950s in his book on the history of linguistics, it has continued to attract the interest of Chinese linguists. This essay explores the half-century in which the Prague School was introduced and studied in China and aims to identify the features of the three stages of these linguists’ efforts.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"687 - 702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139305574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This manuscript begins with a brief introduction that establishes the theoretical background, followed by a tripartite unfolding that explains the following contents: 1) the path from point zero as a plurimorphic space of semiotic tranquility; 2) the historical trajectory of physiognomy and pathognomy suggestions; and 3) new biometric readings and the digital face. We postulate the neutral state of the face and see a possible manifestation of it in the tranquility illustration and theorization by Le Brun. Together with the passive face recounted by Magli, these are some of the static aspects of that space called the face, full of signs that write and compose it and allow its physiognomic reading. Degree zero, the pre-signal null point from which interpretation originates, determines the semiotic potential of the face, and the expressions of the emotions become the key to pathognomy studies, in their historical-cultural variants. We will then see how, in today’s highly technological and mediatized society, there are new biometric manifestations linked to the digital face. From the Bertillonage of the early 1900s, we conclude with a work of contemporary art that critically revisits the same approach.
{"title":"Reading and writing in <i>n</i>-dimensional face space","authors":"Silvia Barbotto Forzano","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This manuscript begins with a brief introduction that establishes the theoretical background, followed by a tripartite unfolding that explains the following contents: 1) the path from point zero as a plurimorphic space of semiotic tranquility; 2) the historical trajectory of physiognomy and pathognomy suggestions; and 3) new biometric readings and the digital face. We postulate the neutral state of the face and see a possible manifestation of it in the tranquility illustration and theorization by Le Brun. Together with the passive face recounted by Magli, these are some of the static aspects of that space called the face, full of signs that write and compose it and allow its physiognomic reading. Degree zero, the pre-signal null point from which interpretation originates, determines the semiotic potential of the face, and the expressions of the emotions become the key to pathognomy studies, in their historical-cultural variants. We will then see how, in today’s highly technological and mediatized society, there are new biometric manifestations linked to the digital face. From the Bertillonage of the early 1900s, we conclude with a work of contemporary art that critically revisits the same approach.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Within the interdisciplinary context of the nineteenth century, the paper scrutinizes the relation between Paolo Marzolo’s theory of signs and Cesare Lombroso’s anthropological-criminal approach. Best known for his unfinished work Monumenti storici (1847–1866), Marzolo (of whom Lombroso calls himself a disciple) investigates, in his last Saggio sui segni (1866), the origin and development of languages by combining the positivist approach with an eighteenth-century encyclopedic Enlightenment perspective, as well as the earlier anatomist tradition. In his view, the human production, learning, and use of signs, resting upon sensory experiences and mnemonic activity, involves the process of imitation with a pivotal role of the speakers’ phonic, gestural, and facial expressions (i.e., physiognomy), related to geographical, linguistic, and anthropological differences among human individuals, as well as the cultural element of civilization. Conceived as case(s) of semiotic ideology rooted between linguistics and medicine, the Marzolo–Lombroso filiation shows an increasing correlation between race, language, and climate in the wake of social Darwinism and akin to other coeval physiognomic theories. In Lombroso’s perspective, a radical translation from a linguistic and phonic-semiotic field to an anthropological and somatic-semiotic plane seems inevitable, emphasizing the (para) scientific flavor and widening the gap between anthropometric and ethnoanthropological approaches.
摘要:在十九世纪的跨学科背景下，本文考察了保罗·马佐洛的符号理论与切萨雷·隆布罗索的人类学-犯罪研究方法之间的关系。以其未完成的作品《纪念碑》(1847-1866)最为人所知的是，马佐洛(龙布罗梭称自己为他的弟子)在他的最后一部作品《Saggio sui segni》(1866)中，通过将实证主义方法与18世纪百科全书式的启蒙观点以及早期的解剖学传统相结合，研究了语言的起源和发展。在他看来，人类对符号的生产、学习和使用是基于感官经验和记忆活动的，涉及模仿的过程，其中说话者的语音、手势和面部表情(即面相)起着关键作用，这与人类个体之间的地理、语言和人类学差异以及文明的文化因素有关。作为根植于语言学和医学之间的符号学意识形态的案例，Marzolo-Lombroso分支表明，在社会达尔文主义之后，种族、语言和气候之间的相关性越来越强，类似于其他同时期的面相理论。在Lombroso看来，从语言学和语音符号学领域到人类学和身体符号学层面的彻底翻译似乎是不可避免的，强调了(para)科学的味道，扩大了人体测量学和民族人类学方法之间的差距。
{"title":"Paolo Marzolo and Cesare Lombroso: a semiotic-medical inheritance between word, sounds, and face","authors":"Alice Orrù","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within the interdisciplinary context of the nineteenth century, the paper scrutinizes the relation between Paolo Marzolo’s theory of signs and Cesare Lombroso’s anthropological-criminal approach. Best known for his unfinished work Monumenti storici (1847–1866), Marzolo (of whom Lombroso calls himself a disciple) investigates, in his last Saggio sui segni (1866), the origin and development of languages by combining the positivist approach with an eighteenth-century encyclopedic Enlightenment perspective, as well as the earlier anatomist tradition. In his view, the human production, learning, and use of signs, resting upon sensory experiences and mnemonic activity, involves the process of imitation with a pivotal role of the speakers’ phonic, gestural, and facial expressions (i.e., physiognomy), related to geographical, linguistic, and anthropological differences among human individuals, as well as the cultural element of civilization. Conceived as case(s) of semiotic ideology rooted between linguistics and medicine, the Marzolo–Lombroso filiation shows an increasing correlation between race, language, and climate in the wake of social Darwinism and akin to other coeval physiognomic theories. In Lombroso’s perspective, a radical translation from a linguistic and phonic-semiotic field to an anthropological and somatic-semiotic plane seems inevitable, emphasizing the (para) scientific flavor and widening the gap between anthropometric and ethnoanthropological approaches.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To critically explicate the visual epistemology for catoptric autoexperimentation in the contemporary science of facial behavior, by way of its historical progenitors, I draw upon the pragmatic semiotics of the catoptric phenomenon. This problematization of catoptrics is fundamentally about two different but related concepts: the semiotic threshold and the iconicity debate. Based on primary sources both Western and Eastern, I trace a transcultural history of scientific ideas about performing catoptric auto-experimentation through privileged case studies from physiognomic literary corpora. I probe the ways in which self-recognition has long been pragmatically necessitated as well as processually normative in the study of the face, the research and development of optical technologies has in turn led to paradigm shifts in physiognomic thought, and the procatoptric staging behind the catoptric prosthesis conditions its visual epistemology. I propose that the catoptric prosthesis is not pre- but post-semiotic. That is, the mirror only becomes a mirror when part of a semiotic process and sign relation. The extreme of iconicity that is perceptually afforded by the catoptric prosthesis, far from disqualifying it from the status of a sign, is exactly what distinguishes its role and importance for this semiosis of the face.
{"title":"Face in the mirror, what do you see? Catoptric autoexperimentation and the physiognomic gaze","authors":"Devon Schiller","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To critically explicate the visual epistemology for catoptric autoexperimentation in the contemporary science of facial behavior, by way of its historical progenitors, I draw upon the pragmatic semiotics of the catoptric phenomenon. This problematization of catoptrics is fundamentally about two different but related concepts: the semiotic threshold and the iconicity debate. Based on primary sources both Western and Eastern, I trace a transcultural history of scientific ideas about performing catoptric auto-experimentation through privileged case studies from physiognomic literary corpora. I probe the ways in which self-recognition has long been pragmatically necessitated as well as processually normative in the study of the face, the research and development of optical technologies has in turn led to paradigm shifts in physiognomic thought, and the procatoptric staging behind the catoptric prosthesis conditions its visual epistemology. I propose that the catoptric prosthesis is not pre- but post-semiotic. That is, the mirror only becomes a mirror when part of a semiotic process and sign relation. The extreme of iconicity that is perceptually afforded by the catoptric prosthesis, far from disqualifying it from the status of a sign, is exactly what distinguishes its role and importance for this semiosis of the face.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper examines the origins of physiognomy through analysis of the work of one of its founding fathers, Cesare Lombroso. The most interesting facet of Lombroso’s studies on the criminal face is how it can be considered as a true semeiotics. Although the Italian doctor’s supposed discoveries cannot be defined as scientific, his quantitative approach constitutes an important case study, since he tries to establish pertinences between facial features and criminal subjects’ features. It can be observed how Lombroso’s approach and theories are actually within a particular rationale that semiotics of culture can clarify from the perspective of the way in which specific facial features become commonly shared stereotypes.
{"title":"Lombroso’s criminal face across physiognomy and semeiotics","authors":"Angelo Di Caterino","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper examines the origins of physiognomy through analysis of the work of one of its founding fathers, Cesare Lombroso. The most interesting facet of Lombroso’s studies on the criminal face is how it can be considered as a true semeiotics. Although the Italian doctor’s supposed discoveries cannot be defined as scientific, his quantitative approach constitutes an important case study, since he tries to establish pertinences between facial features and criminal subjects’ features. It can be observed how Lombroso’s approach and theories are actually within a particular rationale that semiotics of culture can clarify from the perspective of the way in which specific facial features become commonly shared stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The representation the model’s face in advertisements is a controversial issue for the Chinese. This article investigates the features and the origin of stereotypical Chinese eyes throughout history, highlighting the naturalization of the slanting eyes in the Western context. Through a short summary of preferable eyes in physiognomy, traditional painting, and modern China, the essay demonstrates the variation in perception of the beauty of eyes that differ from and are influenced by the West in both positive and negative aspects. The essay critiques the Orientalist portrayal of Chinese models by comparing the stereotypical slanting eyes and the admired phoenix eyes and conducting a semiotic analysis of Chen Man’s 2021 Dior photo. Furthermore, by adopting the Chinese concept of “face” ( lian / mianzi ) in the case of the Chinese brand Three Squirrels, the author proposes that the sensibility of the Chinese toward the model’s face is not only a historic problem related to national emotions but also a moral issue linked with collectivism, particularly in self-Orientalist cases. The Communist Party of China plays an active role in the construction of the moral discourse regarding the perception of the beauty of eyes, which may become another response to Orientalism.
{"title":"Eyes on Chinese female models’ faces: stereotypes, aesthetics, self-Orientalism, and the moral discourse of the CPC","authors":"Yifei Wang","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The representation the model’s face in advertisements is a controversial issue for the Chinese. This article investigates the features and the origin of stereotypical Chinese eyes throughout history, highlighting the naturalization of the slanting eyes in the Western context. Through a short summary of preferable eyes in physiognomy, traditional painting, and modern China, the essay demonstrates the variation in perception of the beauty of eyes that differ from and are influenced by the West in both positive and negative aspects. The essay critiques the Orientalist portrayal of Chinese models by comparing the stereotypical slanting eyes and the admired phoenix eyes and conducting a semiotic analysis of Chen Man’s 2021 Dior photo. Furthermore, by adopting the Chinese concept of “face” ( lian / mianzi ) in the case of the Chinese brand Three Squirrels, the author proposes that the sensibility of the Chinese toward the model’s face is not only a historic problem related to national emotions but also a moral issue linked with collectivism, particularly in self-Orientalist cases. The Communist Party of China plays an active role in the construction of the moral discourse regarding the perception of the beauty of eyes, which may become another response to Orientalism.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Physiognomy finds itself in a strange position. On the one hand, it is considered false and even dangerous by common sense as a pseudo-scientific theory; on the other hand, it is implicitly practiced by everyone every day (Brandt 1980. Face reading. The persistence of physiognomy. Psychology Today 14(7). 90–96). This situation calls for an explanation. After a brief discussion of the problems of classical physiognomic theories, I will show how they embody the equational model of the sign and how this perspective helps in the understanding of why physiognomy have proved to be false. I will then introduce two recent articles by Dumouchel (2022. Making faces. Topoi 41. 631–639) and Crippen and Rolla (2022. Faces and situational agency. Topoi 41. 659–670) that address the perception of faces from a situated and ecological point of view. I will argue that these theories embody the inferential model of the sign, thus paving the way for a new science of the face.
{"title":"Physiognomic theories between equation and inference","authors":"Michele Cerutti","doi":"10.1515/css-2023-2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Physiognomy finds itself in a strange position. On the one hand, it is considered false and even dangerous by common sense as a pseudo-scientific theory; on the other hand, it is implicitly practiced by everyone every day (Brandt 1980. Face reading. The persistence of physiognomy. Psychology Today 14(7). 90–96). This situation calls for an explanation. After a brief discussion of the problems of classical physiognomic theories, I will show how they embody the equational model of the sign and how this perspective helps in the understanding of why physiognomy have proved to be false. I will then introduce two recent articles by Dumouchel (2022. Making faces. Topoi 41. 631–639) and Crippen and Rolla (2022. Faces and situational agency. Topoi 41. 659–670) that address the perception of faces from a situated and ecological point of view. I will argue that these theories embody the inferential model of the sign, thus paving the way for a new science of the face.","PeriodicalId":52036,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Semiotic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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