Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21608/EJPA.2019.41537
M. Ibrahim, S. El-Sayed, R. Said, M. Ismail, N. Ahmed, N. Radwan
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is more common and more severe is pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE). Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is an inducer of anti-apoptotic pathways in endothelial cells. Recent studies have taken elevated anti-injury biomarkers as EPCR into consideration regarding their roles to antagonize LN. Objectives: to evaluate the membrane expression of endothelial protein C receptor (mEPCR) in the renal microvasculature in pediatric patients with LN. Methods: This study was conducted on 25 patients with pSLE following up at the Allergy and Immunology Clinic, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University. The 25 patients have LN proved by a previous renal biopsy. Medical history, clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations for assessment of disease activity were done for all patients. Paraffin blocks of patients’ renal biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemistry staining for the frequency of mEPCR. Results: mEPCR was mainly expressed in the endothelium of the peritubular capillaries. Our results showed that an equal number of patients had nil and mild marker expression (8 patients each, 32%) while 9 patients (36%) showed moderate/strong marker expression. We found that 9 out of 10 (90%) of patients with class II had nil/mild marker expression, 5 patients out of 9 (55.5%) with class III had mild/moderate marker expression, while 5 patients 0ut of 6 (83.3%) with class IV and V had moderate/strong marker expression. We only found a significant statistical difference between the different degrees of mEPCR expression regarding 24 hours urinary proteins. No statistical significance was found between the different degrees of mEPCR expression and different immuno-suppressive therapy dose/kg or renal outcome using the renal British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) score; in spite that most of the patients who got improved had nil/mild marker expression. Conclusion: mEPCR -bearing a statistically significant difference in relation to different LN classes- showed more expression in the more aggressive classes; a finding which might suggest a contribution of the endothelium of the renal parenchyma to the pathophysiology of more progressive LN. Hence the tissue marker might emerge as a potential new therapeutic target in the search for more selective treatment for SLE. Keywords: p SLE, mEPCR, renal biopsy, immunohistochemistry, BILAG, lupus nephritis
{"title":"Membrane endothelial protein C receptor expression in renal tissue of pediatric lupus nephritis patients","authors":"M. Ibrahim, S. El-Sayed, R. Said, M. Ismail, N. Ahmed, N. Radwan","doi":"10.21608/EJPA.2019.41537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJPA.2019.41537","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is more common and more severe is pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE). Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is an inducer of anti-apoptotic pathways in endothelial cells. Recent studies have taken elevated anti-injury biomarkers as EPCR into consideration regarding their roles to antagonize LN. Objectives: to evaluate the membrane expression of endothelial protein C receptor (mEPCR) in the renal microvasculature in pediatric patients with LN. Methods: This study was conducted on 25 patients with pSLE following up at the Allergy and Immunology Clinic, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University. The 25 patients have LN proved by a previous renal biopsy. Medical history, clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations for assessment of disease activity were done for all patients. Paraffin blocks of patients’ renal biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemistry staining for the frequency of mEPCR. Results: mEPCR was mainly expressed in the endothelium of the peritubular capillaries. Our results showed that an equal number of patients had nil and mild marker expression (8 patients each, 32%) while 9 patients (36%) showed moderate/strong marker expression. We found that 9 out of 10 (90%) of patients with class II had nil/mild marker expression, 5 patients out of 9 (55.5%) with class III had mild/moderate marker expression, while 5 patients 0ut of 6 (83.3%) with class IV and V had moderate/strong marker expression. We only found a significant statistical difference between the different degrees of mEPCR expression regarding 24 hours urinary proteins. No statistical significance was found between the different degrees of mEPCR expression and different immuno-suppressive therapy dose/kg or renal outcome using the renal British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) score; in spite that most of the patients who got improved had nil/mild marker expression. Conclusion: mEPCR -bearing a statistically significant difference in relation to different LN classes- showed more expression in the more aggressive classes; a finding which might suggest a contribution of the endothelium of the renal parenchyma to the pathophysiology of more progressive LN. Hence the tissue marker might emerge as a potential new therapeutic target in the search for more selective treatment for SLE. Keywords: p SLE, mEPCR, renal biopsy, immunohistochemistry, BILAG, lupus nephritis","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49108501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21608/EJPA.2019.41540
N. Heshmat
The well-proven benefits of influenza immunization can now be made available to persons with a history of egg allergy. Individuals with diagnosed or suspected egg allergy who need an influenza vaccination should be evaluated by an allergist/immunologist for evaluation of egg allergy and for administration of the 2010-2011 trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) if clinically indicated. Studies have suggested that influenza vaccines can be administered to patients with a history of anaphylaxis to egg without adverse effects. However, such studies are limited in number, and reactions to influenza vaccines in egg allergic persons can occur. Caution is warranted in patients with a history of anaphylaxis or where the severity of their clinical reactivity is uncertain, particularly when the ovalbumin content of the vaccine is unknown. Therefore, consultation with an allergist experienced in food allergy and anaphylaxis is strongly recommended. For the 2010-2011 influenza season, the routine practice of skin testing to the TIV is no longer recommended. Both the 2-dose (10%, 90%) and single-dose methods are appropriate for administering influenza vaccine to egg allergic individuals. Egg allergic individuals can receive TIV without prior skin testing to the vaccine, with the vaccine being administered via a 2-step graded challenge: first administer 10% of the age-appropriate dose, with a 30-minute observation after administration for symptom development. If no symptoms develop, the remaining 90% can be administered, with a 30minute observation for symptom development. The same TIV product brand should be used for booster vaccinations if possible, but it is not necessary to use the same lot. Egg allergic individuals can receive TIV without prior skin testing to the vaccine as a single, age-appropriate dose without use of graded challenge. Individuals should be observed for 30 minutes after injection for evidence of a systemic reaction. The same TIV product brand should be used for booster vaccinations, but the same lot is not necessary.
{"title":"Selections from international journals","authors":"N. Heshmat","doi":"10.21608/EJPA.2019.41540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJPA.2019.41540","url":null,"abstract":"The well-proven benefits of influenza immunization can now be made available to persons with a history of egg allergy. Individuals with diagnosed or suspected egg allergy who need an influenza vaccination should be evaluated by an allergist/immunologist for evaluation of egg allergy and for administration of the 2010-2011 trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) if clinically indicated. Studies have suggested that influenza vaccines can be administered to patients with a history of anaphylaxis to egg without adverse effects. However, such studies are limited in number, and reactions to influenza vaccines in egg allergic persons can occur. Caution is warranted in patients with a history of anaphylaxis or where the severity of their clinical reactivity is uncertain, particularly when the ovalbumin content of the vaccine is unknown. Therefore, consultation with an allergist experienced in food allergy and anaphylaxis is strongly recommended. For the 2010-2011 influenza season, the routine practice of skin testing to the TIV is no longer recommended. Both the 2-dose (10%, 90%) and single-dose methods are appropriate for administering influenza vaccine to egg allergic individuals. Egg allergic individuals can receive TIV without prior skin testing to the vaccine, with the vaccine being administered via a 2-step graded challenge: first administer 10% of the age-appropriate dose, with a 30-minute observation after administration for symptom development. If no symptoms develop, the remaining 90% can be administered, with a 30minute observation for symptom development. The same TIV product brand should be used for booster vaccinations if possible, but it is not necessary to use the same lot. Egg allergic individuals can receive TIV without prior skin testing to the vaccine as a single, age-appropriate dose without use of graded challenge. Individuals should be observed for 30 minutes after injection for evidence of a systemic reaction. The same TIV product brand should be used for booster vaccinations, but the same lot is not necessary.","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41485668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21608/ejpa.2019.41530
Y. El-Gamal
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Y. El-Gamal","doi":"10.21608/ejpa.2019.41530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejpa.2019.41530","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21608/EJPA.2019.41533
E. Hossny, Rasha H. El-Owaidy, H. M. Afifi, H. Ahmad
Introduction: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) share clinical and laboratory features including lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia. We sought to measure αβ double negative T cells (αβ DNT) in a group of patients with established diagnosis of HLH in relation to disease activity and severity. Methods: We conducted a follow-up, controlled study that comprised 25 patients with HLH and 25 healthy matched controls. Patients were subjected to clinical evaluation and flowcytometric measurement of αβ DNT Cells at presentation and 9 weeks after start of HLH induction treatment. Results: In 17 (68%) patients, infection was the trigger of HLH while the cause was malignancy in three (12%), and rheumatological disorders in two patients (8%). At enrollment, 15 patients (60%) had αβ DNT cells levels [median (IQR): 1.71 (1.25-2.12)] that were significantly higher than the control values [median (IQR): 0.7 (0.4-0.8)] (p<0.001). The αβ DNT counts of patients were also higher at enrollment as compared to values at the end of week 9 [median (IQR): 0.76 (0.45-1.17)]; p=0.018. Survivors (n=8) and non-survivors (n=17) had comparable levels of αβ DNT cells at enrollment (p=0.861). αβ DNT cell count correlated positively with ALT (p=0.019) and negatively with CD4/CD8 ratios (p=0.023). Conclusion: Elevated αβ DNT cell counts might be related to the HLH process and this implies that mild elevation can exist in HLH and are not specific to ALPS. Wider scale studies with longer periods of follow up are needed to validate the results and properly outline the correlation between both medical conditions. Keywords: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Double negative T cells, mortality, ALPS
{"title":"Double negative alpha beta T cells in pediatric hemophagocytic syndromes","authors":"E. Hossny, Rasha H. El-Owaidy, H. M. Afifi, H. Ahmad","doi":"10.21608/EJPA.2019.41533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJPA.2019.41533","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) share clinical and laboratory features including lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia. We sought to measure αβ double negative T cells (αβ DNT) in a group of patients with established diagnosis of HLH in relation to disease activity and severity. Methods: We conducted a follow-up, controlled study that comprised 25 patients with HLH and 25 healthy matched controls. Patients were subjected to clinical evaluation and flowcytometric measurement of αβ DNT Cells at presentation and 9 weeks after start of HLH induction treatment. Results: In 17 (68%) patients, infection was the trigger of HLH while the cause was malignancy in three (12%), and rheumatological disorders in two patients (8%). At enrollment, 15 patients (60%) had αβ DNT cells levels [median (IQR): 1.71 (1.25-2.12)] that were significantly higher than the control values [median (IQR): 0.7 (0.4-0.8)] (p<0.001). The αβ DNT counts of patients were also higher at enrollment as compared to values at the end of week 9 [median (IQR): 0.76 (0.45-1.17)]; p=0.018. Survivors (n=8) and non-survivors (n=17) had comparable levels of αβ DNT cells at enrollment (p=0.861). αβ DNT cell count correlated positively with ALT (p=0.019) and negatively with CD4/CD8 ratios (p=0.023). Conclusion: Elevated αβ DNT cell counts might be related to the HLH process and this implies that mild elevation can exist in HLH and are not specific to ALPS. Wider scale studies with longer periods of follow up are needed to validate the results and properly outline the correlation between both medical conditions. Keywords: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Double negative T cells, mortality, ALPS","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42671311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21608/EJPA.2019.41538
N. Radwan
4. Characteristic features in DOCK8 deficiency includes all EXCEPT: a) Presence of eczema b) Recurrent sinopulmonary infections c) Recurrent viral infections d) Low CD4+ cells and CD8+ e) Coarse features 5. A patient aged 3 years, presenting with eczema, recurrent sino-pulmonary infections and viral infections, neutropenia. He had normal immunoglobulin level. He had mild CD4+ lymphopenia. He had mild pulmonary stenosis which was accidentally discovered. His EBV PCR was persistently positive for the last 6 months. What is your provisional diagnosis? a) DOCK8 deficiency b) AD hyperimmunoglobulin E c) Wiscott Aldrich Syndrome d) Mammalian sterile 20-like 1(MST-1) e) ShwachmanDiamond syndrome
{"title":"Test yourself in eczema in primary immunodeficiency","authors":"N. Radwan","doi":"10.21608/EJPA.2019.41538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJPA.2019.41538","url":null,"abstract":"4. Characteristic features in DOCK8 deficiency includes all EXCEPT: a) Presence of eczema b) Recurrent sinopulmonary infections c) Recurrent viral infections d) Low CD4+ cells and CD8+ e) Coarse features 5. A patient aged 3 years, presenting with eczema, recurrent sino-pulmonary infections and viral infections, neutropenia. He had normal immunoglobulin level. He had mild CD4+ lymphopenia. He had mild pulmonary stenosis which was accidentally discovered. His EBV PCR was persistently positive for the last 6 months. What is your provisional diagnosis? a) DOCK8 deficiency b) AD hyperimmunoglobulin E c) Wiscott Aldrich Syndrome d) Mammalian sterile 20-like 1(MST-1) e) ShwachmanDiamond syndrome","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy200.145
R. Hassan El-Owaidy, Y. Mohammed El-Gamal, M. Aly Shabaan, M. Haggag Hassan
{"title":"The critical level of vitamin D in childhood asthma","authors":"R. Hassan El-Owaidy, Y. Mohammed El-Gamal, M. Aly Shabaan, M. Haggag Hassan","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcy200.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcy200.145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/qjmed/hcy200.145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61244689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.21608/EJPA.2018.30635
N. Rifai, H. Rizk
Background : Bacterial infection plays a negligible role in pediatric acute asthma attacks. However, many patients are treated empirically with antibiotics. Objective : This study attempted to investigate the problem of antibiotic usage as a part of treatment of acute asthma among children living in Egypt. Methods : The current exploratory study included a random sample of 300 children visiting the allergy clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University from September 2016 to September 2017. A study researcher applied a validated questionnaire to the child's parents about usage of antibiotics. Results : Most families belonged to the low or middle social class. About 65.7% of children had sub-optimal asthma control, 73.7% experienced acute attacks, with over half of them (51%) receiving antibiotics; 41.8% of those who received antibiotics were self-medicated. Over 90% reused previous prescriptions. Main single reasons for resorting to self-medication were to save money and the assumption that previous prescriptions can be reused. About 45.3% expressed intention to employ self-medication in the future. Low social class was associated with significantly higher odds of resorting to self-medication (odds ratio=3.32; p=0.05). Conclusion : A remarkable antibiotic use was detected among children who had acute asthma, a large proportion of which was without medical consultation. Family social class was an independent predictor for adopting self-medication. Keywords : Asthma, attacks, antibiotics, Egyptian, children.
{"title":"Use of antibiotics for asthma attacks in Egyptian children","authors":"N. Rifai, H. Rizk","doi":"10.21608/EJPA.2018.30635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJPA.2018.30635","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Bacterial infection plays a negligible role in pediatric acute asthma attacks. However, many patients are treated empirically with antibiotics. Objective : This study attempted to investigate the problem of antibiotic usage as a part of treatment of acute asthma among children living in Egypt. Methods : The current exploratory study included a random sample of 300 children visiting the allergy clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University from September 2016 to September 2017. A study researcher applied a validated questionnaire to the child's parents about usage of antibiotics. Results : Most families belonged to the low or middle social class. About 65.7% of children had sub-optimal asthma control, 73.7% experienced acute attacks, with over half of them (51%) receiving antibiotics; 41.8% of those who received antibiotics were self-medicated. Over 90% reused previous prescriptions. Main single reasons for resorting to self-medication were to save money and the assumption that previous prescriptions can be reused. About 45.3% expressed intention to employ self-medication in the future. Low social class was associated with significantly higher odds of resorting to self-medication (odds ratio=3.32; p=0.05). Conclusion : A remarkable antibiotic use was detected among children who had acute asthma, a large proportion of which was without medical consultation. Family social class was an independent predictor for adopting self-medication. Keywords : Asthma, attacks, antibiotics, Egyptian, children.","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43418773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejpa.2018.30632
Y. El-Gamal
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Y. El-Gamal","doi":"10.21608/ejpa.2018.30632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejpa.2018.30632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42980298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.21608/EJPA.2018.30633
E. Hossny
Upper respiratory tract infections account for more than 80% of wheezing episodes in young children. Most children wheeze only when they have upper respiratory tract infections, are usually non-atopic, and outgrow symptoms by 6 years of age. Yet, since preschool-age children have 6 to 10 upper respiratory tract infections each year, recurrent virus-induced wheezing is associated with considerable distress and use of health care services.
{"title":"Is there a role for inhaled corticosteroids in early life wheeze?","authors":"E. Hossny","doi":"10.21608/EJPA.2018.30633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJPA.2018.30633","url":null,"abstract":"Upper respiratory tract infections account for more than 80% of wheezing episodes in young children. Most children wheeze only when they have upper respiratory tract infections, are usually non-atopic, and outgrow symptoms by 6 years of age. Yet, since preschool-age children have 6 to 10 upper respiratory tract infections each year, recurrent virus-induced wheezing is associated with considerable distress and use of health care services.","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48403644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.21608/EJPA.2018.10372
E. Hossny
Definition and causes of wheeze Prevalence studies of recurrent wheeze in children under five have reported that one third of children in the US and Europe are affected, and rates and severity appear to be higher in developing countries. Episodic cough and wheezing is common in nonasthmatic children. Young children with multipletrigger wheeze are more likely to have asthma compared to those with episodic (viral) wheeze. Atopic features, family history, and association between wheeze and colds or other triggers such as cigarette smoke, allergens, and exercise help predicting asthma.
{"title":"Preschool wheeze: pathogenetic factors","authors":"E. Hossny","doi":"10.21608/EJPA.2018.10372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJPA.2018.10372","url":null,"abstract":"Definition and causes of wheeze Prevalence studies of recurrent wheeze in children under five have reported that one third of children in the US and Europe are affected, and rates and severity appear to be higher in developing countries. Episodic cough and wheezing is common in nonasthmatic children. Young children with multipletrigger wheeze are more likely to have asthma compared to those with episodic (viral) wheeze. Atopic features, family history, and association between wheeze and colds or other triggers such as cigarette smoke, allergens, and exercise help predicting asthma.","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75134899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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