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Adaptation of feed crops to saline-alkali soil stress and effect of improving saline-alkali soil 饲料作物对盐碱地胁迫的适应及盐碱地改良效果
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14051
Wang-Nian Wang, Junzhu Ge, Haitang Yang, Fating Yin, T. Huang, Jie Kuai, Jing Wang, Bo Wang, Guanghong Zhou, Tinghuan Fu
: Saline-alkali land widely distributes with large area in China. It is of great significance to select forage crops and rea-lize planting and breeding cycle in saline-alkali land to promote the development of herbivorous animal husbandry and the improvement of saline-alkali land in China. In this study, the plots with high salinity difference were selected from the coastal sa-line-alkali land in Tianjin (NaCl type) and the inland saline-alkali land in northwest Xinjiang (Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type), respectively, and six field crops such as corn, sorghum, wheat, millet, soybean, and rapeseed with feed value were planted to determine the biomass, crude protein content, sodium and potassium ion content, and other indicators. The results were as follows. When the salt content was less than 1.82 g kg –1 and 2.00 g kg –1 in saline-alkali land NaCl type and Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type, respectively. The biomass and crude protein yield of the crops were close to those of conventional cultivated land, suggesting that saline-alkali land in low salt content could be used as forage production base. When the salt content reached 2.49 g kg –1 in the Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type saline-alkali soil, the biomass and crude protein yield of rapeseed were significantly higher than other crops. Thus, in the Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type saline-alkali soil with salt content lower than 2.49 g kg –1 , rapeseed could be planted for fodder development and utilization. When the salt content in saline-alkali land of NaCl type and Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 type reached 3.63 g kg –1 and 4.42 g kg –1 , respectively. The biomass and crude protein yield of each crop was lower than 51.72% of that in conventional cultivated land, which made the utilization value of the cultivated land low. Therefore, it was recommended to use these saline-alkali land of NaCl type and Na 2 SO 4 -NaHCO 3 with high content salt and alkali after improvement. In the different plots of the two experimental sites, the enrichment of Na + in soil by rapeseed was significantly higher than the other crops at P < 0.05, and it also significantly reduced the total soil salt and Na + content. In this experiment, in plots with salinity of 1.82, 2.00, and 2.49 g kg –1 , rapeseed had the most obvious Na + enrichment effect. The enrichment of rapeseed on soil Na + was 39.45, 102.24, and 57.19 kg hm –2 respectively, accounting for 13.02%, 15.99%, and 8.94% of the Na + in the 0–20 cm cultivated layer soil, respectively. The improvement effect of rapeseed on saline-alkali land was significant. The above results provide a reference for the utilization of the saline-alkali land in China for the production of herbivorous feed raw materials, the promotion of the development of herbivorous animal husbandry, and the improvement of saline-alkali land.
:中国盐碱地分布广泛,面积大。盐碱地饲草作物的选择和种植繁殖周期的合理化对促进我国草食性畜牧业的发展和盐碱地的改良具有重要意义。本研究分别从天津滨海盐碱地(NaCl型)和新疆西北内陆盐碱地(Na2SO4-NaHCO3型)选择高盐度差异地块,种植玉米、高粱、小麦、小米、大豆、油菜等6种具有饲料价值的大田作物,测定生物量、粗蛋白含量,钠和钾离子含量以及其他指标。结果如下。盐碱地NaCl型和Na2SO4-NaHCO3型含盐量分别小于1.82 g kg–1和2.00 g kg–2时。该作物的生物量和粗蛋白产量与常规耕地接近,表明低盐盐碱地可以作为牧草生产基地。当Na2SO4-NaHCO3型盐碱地含盐量达到2.49 g kg–1时,油菜籽的生物量和粗蛋白产量显著高于其他作物。因此,在含盐量低于2.49 g kg–1的Na2 SO4-NaHCO3型盐碱地中,可以种植油菜籽进行饲料开发利用。当NaCl型和Na2SO4-NaHCO3型盐碱地的含盐量分别达到3.63 g kg–1和4.42 g kg–1。每种作物的生物量和粗蛋白产量均低于常规耕地的51.72%,使耕地的利用价值较低。因此,建议采用改良后的NaCl型盐碱地和高含盐高碱的Na2SO4-NaHCO3。在两个试验点的不同地块中,油菜籽对土壤中Na+的富集程度显著高于其他作物(P<0.05),同时也显著降低了土壤总盐和Na+含量。在本实验中,在盐度为1.82、2.00和2.49 g kg–1的地块中,油菜籽对Na+的富集作用最为明显。油菜对土壤Na+的富集度分别为39.45、102.24和57.19 kg hm–2,分别占0-20cm耕作层土壤Na+含量的13.02%、15.99%和8.94%。油菜对盐碱地改良效果显著。上述研究结果为我国盐碱地利用生产草食性饲料原料、促进草食性畜牧业发展、盐碱地改良提供了参考。
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引用次数: 2
Different responses of rice cultivars to salt stress and the underlying mechanisms 水稻品种对盐胁迫的不同反应及其机制
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12027
Jiaqian Yan, Yi-Biao Gu, Zhangyi Xue, Tianyao Zhou, Qian-Qian Ge, Hao Zhang, Li-jun Liu, Zhiqin Wang, J. Gu, Jianchang Yang, Zhenxiang Zhou, Dandi Xu
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引用次数: 0
Contents and compositions of amino acids in rice grains and their regulation: a review 稻米中氨基酸的含量、组成及其调控研究进展
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12062
Jianzhong Yang, Chao Li, Yi-Qing Jiang
: Amino acids in cereal grains are important nutrients for both human and animals. Increasing the content of amino acids in the rice grain, especially lysine and other essential amino acids, plays a very important role in improving the nutritional stan-dard of people in the countries with rice as staple food. This paper reviewed some research progresses in the contents and compositions of amino acids in the mature grain of rice and their distribution in the different parts of a grain, the synthesis and metabolism of amino acids in the grain, the role of plant hormones in regulating the synthesis and metabolism of on amino acids, and the effects of environmental factors and cultivation practices on the contents and compositions of amino acids in the grain, and dis-cussed the existing problems and key points for future research. It merits further investigating the temporal (at different filling stages) and spatial (at different parts of a grain) distribution characteristics of the contents and compositions of amino acids in a grain during the filling, their physiological and biochemical mechanism, and cultivation regulation and its principle. Such a study is expected to gain new insight into the mechanism in the formation and distributions of amino acids in a rice grain, and explore a new way to increase the contents of amino acids, especially essential amino acids such as lysine, in milled rice.
:谷物中的氨基酸是人类和动物的重要营养素。在以大米为主食的国家,提高稻米中氨基酸,特别是赖氨酸和其他必需氨基酸的含量,对提高人们的营养水平具有非常重要的作用。本文综述了水稻成熟粒氨基酸的含量和组成及其在籽粒不同部位的分布、籽粒中氨基酸的合成和代谢、植物激素在调节氨基酸合成和代谢中的作用等方面的研究进展,以及环境因素和栽培实践对粮食中氨基酸含量和组成的影响,并讨论了存在的问题和今后研究的重点。值得进一步研究籽粒灌浆过程中氨基酸含量和组成的时空分布特征、生理生化机制、栽培调控及其原理。这项研究有望对稻米中氨基酸的形成和分布机制有新的认识,并探索提高稻米中氨基酸含量,特别是赖氨酸等必需氨基酸含量的新途径。
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引用次数: 3
Development of genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) NK603 matrix reference materials 转基因玉米(Zea mays L.)的发展NK603基质标准物质
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13025
L. Shan, Jun Li, Liangwwen Li, Li Zhang, Hao-Qian Wang, Jiaqi Gao, Gang Wu, Yu-hua Wu, Xiujie Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of blast resistance genes in Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties 龙两优和京两优杂交稻抗稻瘟病基因分析
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12002
Z. Deng, Nan Jiang, Chen-jian Fu, Tianze Yan, Xing-Xue Fu, Xiaochun Hu, P. Qin, Shan Liu, Kai Wang, Yuanzhu Yang
: Longke 638S and Jing 4155S, developed by Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd. in 2014, were two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines with disease resistance, high grain quality and combining ability for producing mid-season indica hybrid rice. In this study, we analyzed the blast resistance evaluation data from the regional trials of the Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties approved by the state from 2015 to 2019. Meanwhile, to provide theoretical basis for distribution and further improvement of these hybrid rice varieties, a genotyping panel containing 16 rice blast resistance ( R ) genes based on KASP (Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR) technology was developed and used for molecular detection of these hybrid rice varieties. The results showed that 43.92% of Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties conferred moderate resistance to severity (HSPBS) was 3.3 and 4.7, respectively. These hybrid rice varieties carried different number of R genes, ranging from 3 to 7. The average number of R genes in each variety was 5.1. The distribution frequency of the five genes including Pia , Pita , Pi2 , Pi5 , and Piz were higher by more 50%, among which, it was 100% for Pia gene. In contrast, Pi9 , Pi35 , Pi36 , and Pb1 genes were not detected in Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties. With the increase of the number of R genes in the varieties, the mean values of IDI and HSPBS were generally decreased. In conclusion, we suggested that introduction of Pi9 into Longke 638S and Jing 4155s might lead to the further improvement of blast resistance of Longliangyou and Jingliangyou hybrid rice varieties.
:龙科638S和粳4155S是袁隆平高科技农业有限公司于2014年开发的两个抗病性强、品质优良、配合力强的热敏型雄性不育(TGMS)品种,用于生产季中籼杂交稻。本研究分析了2015 - 2019年国家审定的“龙两优”和“京两优”杂交水稻品种区域试验的抗稻瘟病评价数据。同时,基于KASP (competitive Allele-Specific PCR)技术,构建了包含16个稻瘟病抗性基因的基因分型面板,并对这些杂交水稻品种进行了分子检测,为这些杂交水稻品种的分布和进一步改良提供理论依据。结果表明,龙两优和京两优杂交稻中抗HSPBS的比例为43.92%,分别为3.3和4.7。这些杂交水稻品种携带的R基因数量不同,从3个到7个不等。每个品种平均含有5.1个R基因。Pia、Pita、Pi2、Pi5、Piz 5个基因的分布频率均高出50%以上,其中Pia基因的分布频率为100%。而在龙两优和精两优杂交稻品种中未检测到Pi9、Pi35、Pi36和Pb1基因。随着R基因数量的增加,IDI和HSPBS的平均值普遍降低。综上所述,在龙科638S和粳4155s中引入Pi9可能会进一步提高龙两优和粳两优杂交稻品种的抗稻瘟病能力。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of reduced nitrogen application on soil aeration and root nodule growth of relay strip intercropping soybean 减少施氮对间作大豆土壤通气和根瘤生长的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14069
Xi-Hong Peng, Ping Chen, Qing Du, Xu Yang, Junfang Ren, Benchuan Zheng, Kai Luo, Chengjun Xie, L. Lei, T. Yong, W. Yang
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引用次数: 0
Effects of soaking seeds with MT and EBR on germination and seedling growth in buckwheat under salt stress MT和EBR浸泡种子对盐胁迫下荞麦发芽和幼苗生长的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11040
Xinhui Lei, Chenxi Wan, Jinghe Tao, J. Leng, Yixin Wu, Jiale Wang, Pengke Wang, Qingjie Yang, B. Feng, Jinfeng Gao
: Soil salinization is an important limiting factor affecting seed germination, emergence, and growth of crop seeds. It is of great significance to explore the relieving effect of exogenous hormones on buckwheat seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of melatonin (MT) and 2,4-epbrassinolide (EBR) on seed germination, seedling growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and osmotic regulation substances of buckwheat varieties Xinong 9976 under different salt concentration stress using petri dish germination and pot germination. The results showed that salt stress increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content, and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT) activities of buckwheat seeds and seedling leaves, decreased the germination potential, germination rate, and seedling rate of buckwheat seeds, and significantly decreased the germ length, radicle length, and seedling height of buckwheat seeds. MT and EBR soaking buckwheat seeds could effectively alleviate the harm of salt stress. Compared with the control, the germination potential, germination rate, and seedling formation rate of buckwheat seeds were increased by 14.9%–33.3%, 11.5%–27.3%, and 20.0%–46.2%, respectively. It significantly increased the radicle length, embryo length, embryo fresh weight, dry weight, seedling height, seedling fresh weight, and dry weight of buckwheat seeds, and significantly increased the soluble sugar content and the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in buckwheat seeds and seedling leaves, and decreased MDA content. In conclusion, MT and EBR soaking can promote the germination and seedling growth of buckwheat seeds under salt stress, and improve the salt resistance of buckwheat by improving the protective enzyme activity of buckwheat seeds, reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and increasing the content of osmotic regulation substances.
:土壤盐碱化是影响作物种子发芽、出苗和生长的重要限制因素。探讨外源激素对盐胁迫下荞麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的缓解作用具有重要意义。本试验采用培养皿和盆栽两种方法,研究了褪黑素(MT)和2,4-丙二醇(EBR)对不同盐胁迫下荞麦品种西农9976种子发芽、幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫增加了荞麦种子和幼苗叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,降低了荞麦种子的发芽势、发芽率和成苗率,并显著降低了荞麦种的芽长、胚根长和苗高。MT和EBR浸种荞麦能有效减轻盐胁迫的危害。与对照相比,荞麦种子的发芽势、发芽率和成苗率分别提高了14.9%-33.3%、11.5%-27.3%和20.0%-46.2%。显著增加荞麦种子的胚根长度、胚长、胚鲜重、干重、苗高、苗鲜重和干重,显著提高荞麦种子和幼苗叶片中可溶性糖含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性,降低MDA含量。总之,MT和EBR浸泡可以通过提高荞麦种子的保护酶活性、减少活性氧的积累、增加渗透调节物质的含量,促进荞麦种子在盐胁迫下的发芽和幼苗生长,提高荞麦的耐盐性。
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引用次数: 1
Construction of a high density genetic map between cultivated and semi-wild soybeans and identification of QTLs for plant height 栽培大豆与半野生大豆高密度遗传图谱的构建及株高QTL的鉴定
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14063
Chun-Miao Yu, Yong Zhang, Hongya Wang, Xing Yang, Quanzhong Dong, Hong Xue, Ming-ming Zhang, Weiwei Li, Lei Wang, Kai-Feng Hu, Yongge Gu, Li-juan Qiu
: In this study, 252 plants and their parents of Fengshou 24 × Tongjiao 83-611 were genotyped by SNP160K DNA-chip. A high-density genetic linkage map with a total length of 3661.46 cM was constructed, composing of 5861 SNP markers. Seven QTLs of plant height were detected by inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM), and each one explained 2.56%  10.41% of the variation in plant height. qPH-6-1 had the highest contribution rate of phenotypic variation and dominant effect, explaining 10.41% of plant height variation, and the additive and dominant effects are –1.72 and 18.94, respectively. The contribution rate of qPH-18-1 was the second, explaining 9.64% of plant height variation, but qPH-18-1 has the highest additive effect, reaching –12.42. 11 plants with qPH-6-1 and qPH-18-1 66.03 kb, containing eight genes. Combined with gene annotation and relative expression difference analysis, it was hypothesized that Glyma.18G279800 and Glyma.18G280200 might be associated with plant height of soybean. This study provides a molecular reference base and genetic basis for the improvement of soybean plant architecture.
本研究采用SNP160K DNA芯片对丰收24×通交83-611的252株植物及其亲本进行了基因分型。构建了一个全长3661.46cM的高密度遗传连锁图谱,由5861个SNP标记组成。采用包含复合区间作图法(ICIM)检测到7个株高QTL,每个QTL解释率为2.56% 株高变异的10.41%。qPH-6-1对表型变异和显性效应的贡献率最高,解释了10.41%的株高变异,加性效应和显性效应分别为-1.72和18.94。qPH-18-1的贡献率第二,解释了9.64%的株高变化,但qPH-181的加性效应最高,达到-12.42。11株,qPH-6-1和qPH-18-1为66.03kb,包含8个基因。结合基因注释和相对表达差异分析,推测Glyma18G279800和Glyma118G280200可能与大豆株高有关。本研究为大豆植株结构的改良提供了分子参考基础和遗传基础。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation and evaluation of paddy rice canopy characteristics based on images from UAV and ground camera 基于无人机和地面相机图像的水稻冠层特征估计与评价
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.02065
Ze Wang, Qing Zhou, Cong Liu, Yue Mu, W. Guo, Yan Ding, S. Ninomiya
{"title":"Estimation and evaluation of paddy rice canopy characteristics based on images from UAV and ground camera","authors":"Ze Wang, Qing Zhou, Cong Liu, Yue Mu, W. Guo, Yan Ding, S. Ninomiya","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.02065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.02065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43385256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Codon usage bias analysis of S-locus genes SRK, SLG, and SP11/SCR in Brassica oleracea 甘蓝s位点基因SRK、SLG和SP11/SCR密码子使用偏倚分析
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14003
Yizhong Zhang, Wen-Yi Zeng, Lin-Qiong Deng, Hecui Zhang, Qianying Liu, Tonghong Zuo, Qin-Qin Xie, D. Hu, Chong-Mo Yuan, Xiaoping Lian, Liquan Zhu
{"title":"Codon usage bias analysis of S-locus genes <italic>SRK</italic>, <italic>SLG</italic>, and <italic>SP11/SCR</italic> in <italic>Brassica oleracea</italic>","authors":"Yizhong Zhang, Wen-Yi Zeng, Lin-Qiong Deng, Hecui Zhang, Qianying Liu, Tonghong Zuo, Qin-Qin Xie, D. Hu, Chong-Mo Yuan, Xiaoping Lian, Liquan Zhu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41943961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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