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Response of winter wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen balance to rainfall types and nitrogen application rate in dryland 旱地冬小麦产量、氮利用效率和土壤氮平衡对降雨类型和施氮率的响应
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11034
: To study the effects of nitrogen application rate on grain yield, nitrogen utilization, and soil nitrogen balance of dryland winter wheat fields under different rainfall types, we explored the optimal nitrogen input levels for stable yield and high efficiency of winter wheat in the Weibei highland of North China, which could provide a theoretical basis for efficient fertilization. Five nitrogen treatments including 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg hm –2 (designated as N0, N60, N120, N180, and N240, respectively) were arranged in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2020. The three-year in situ experiment were as follows: (1) Different rainfall types had significant impact on yield and economic profits of winter wheat. Compared with the normal and dry rate for both high yield and good environmental benefits, which could be benefit for reference in the production of this region.
为研究不同降雨类型下旱地冬小麦施氮量对籽粒产量、氮素利用及土壤氮平衡的影响,探索渭北高原冬小麦稳产高效的最佳施氮量,为高效施肥提供理论依据。2017 - 2020年,在陕西省合阳县设置0、60、120、180和240 kg hm -2 5个氮肥处理(分别命名为N0、N60、N120、N180和N240)。3年原位试验结果表明:(1)不同降雨类型对冬小麦产量和经济效益有显著影响。与正常速率和干速率进行比较,产量高,环境效益好,可为本地区生产提供有益参考。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of cotton stubble return and subsoiling on dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, and yield of cotton in coastal saline-alkali soil 棉花留茬还田和深松对滨海盐碱地棉花干物质积累、养分吸收和产量的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14064
: To study the effects of cotton straw returning and deep loosening on cotton yield, salt subsoiling tillage (SRT) were conducted using Lumianyan 36 as experimental material. The results showed that cotton stubble return increased cotton yield across two years. Lint yield of SR was 33.9% higher than CT, and SRT 32.1% higher than SR. Subsoiling increased cotton yield in 2017 and had no effect on it in 2018. Cotton stubble return reduced the salt content of 0–40 cm soil layer. The salt content of SR was 22.4% lower than that of CT, and the soil salt content of SRT was 20.7% lower than that of ST at the late growth stage in cotton. However, the effect of subsoiling on the salt content of 20–40 cm soil layer was incon-sistent during the two-year experiment. The soil salt content of ST was 16.5% lower than of CT at late growth stage in 2017, but subsoiling had no effect on soil salt content in 2018. The accumulation dynamic of dry matter and N, P, K in cotton were consis-tent with the Logistic growth curve. Cotton stubble return increased maximal accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K in two years. The maximum accumulation of dry matter, N, P, and K in SR was 35.5%, 38.3%, 53.4%, and 55.0% higher than that in CT, and the accumulation of SRT was 27.0%, 30.7%, 21.2%, and 42.4% higher than that in ST. Compared with CT, the dry matter, N, P, and K accumulation of ST increased by 17.8%, 22.2%, 51.3%, and 40.6% in 2017, respectively, but had no effect in 2018. The dynamic of dry matter and nutrient accumulation were mainly affected by the maximum accumulation rate and rapid accumulation duration. Stubble return increased the amount and proportion of dry matter and N, P, K allocated to reproductive organs of cotton in the two-year experiment. Compared with CT, ST increased the allocation amount of dry matter and N, P, K to reproductive organs in 2017, but had no effect in 2018. In summary, the results revealed that cotton stubble return (SR) or cotton stubble return + subsoiling tillage (SRT) could be recommended tillage measures for soil improvement and high cotton yield in coastal sa-line-alkali cotton area.
为研究棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花产量的影响,以鲁棉研36号为试验材料,进行了盐深松耕作。结果表明,棉花留茬还田在两年内提高了棉花产量。SR的皮棉产量比CT高33.9%,SRT比SR高32.1%。2017年深松提高了棉花产量,但2018年对产量没有影响。棉花留茬还田降低了0~40cm土层的含盐量。在棉花生长后期,SR的含盐量比CT低22.4%,SRT的土壤含盐量比ST低20.7%。然而,在为期两年的试验中,深松对20–40 cm土层含盐量的影响并不明显。2017年生长后期,ST的土壤含盐量比CT低16.5%,但2018年深松对土壤含盐没有影响。棉花干物质和N、P、K的积累动态符合Logistic生长曲线。棉花留茬还田使干物质和N、P、K的最大积累量在两年内增加。SR中干物质、N、P和K的最大积累量比CT高35.5%、38.3%、53.4%和55.0%,SRT的积累量比ST高27.0%、30.7%、21.2%和42.4%。与CT相比,2017年ST的干物质、氮、磷和K积累量分别增加了17.8%、22.2%、51.3%和40.6%,但在2018年没有任何影响。干物质和养分积累动态主要受最大积累速率和快速积累持续时间的影响。在为期两年的试验中,残茬还田增加了棉花生殖器官干物质和N、P、K的分配量和比例。与CT相比,ST在2017年增加了干物质和N、P、K对生殖器官的分配量,但在2018年没有影响。综上所述,研究结果表明,棉花留茬还田(SR)或棉花留茬+深松耕作(SRT)可作为沿海盐碱棉区土壤改良和棉花高产的推荐耕作措施。
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引用次数: 1
Mechanism and technology of stand establishment improvements through regulating the apical hook formation and hypocotyl growth during seed germination and emergence in cotton 棉花种子萌发和出苗过程中顶钩形成和下胚轴生长调控改善林分建立的机理和技术
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14116
: Realizing full and strong stand establishment of seedlings is the basis for achieving high yields and bump harvests in cotton. However, cotton is a dicotyledonous plant whose cotyledons are successfully all unearthed for standing. Seedling emergence is susceptible to environmental conditions and seeding techniques. Therefore, it is generally more difficult for cotton to get full and strong stand establishment than other major crops. The apical hook formation and the hypocotyl growth at seed germination and emergence stages play key roles in seedling emergence and stand establishment. Here we systemically reviewed the regulation mechanism of cotton seedling growth for the first time and put forward the key agronomic cultivation techniques to promote cotton seedling growth, focusing on the physiological and molecular mechanism of hook formation and hypocotyl growth and their influencing factors. Precision monoseeding can improve timely and moderate expression of the key genes HLS1 and COP1 related to hypocotyl elongation and hook formation, which assures better stand establishment by timely formation and expansion of the hooks and timely shedding of seed shells. The hypocotyl can grow steadily and form strong seedings by regulating the expression of key genes HY5 and ARF2 related to hypocotyl growth under precision monoseeding. In this paper, the key cultivation techniques of cotton precision monoseedling, combined with fine soil preparation, improving seed quality, plastic mulching, and drip irrigation under mulching were summarized and reviewed. This review provides important reference and guidance for the improvement and development of cotton sowing and cultivation technology in cotton.
:实现整株结实是棉花实现高产高产的基础。然而,棉花是一种双子叶植物,其子叶都被成功地挖掘出来以供直立。幼苗的出苗易受环境条件和播种技术的影响。因此,棉花通常比其他主要作物更难获得完整和结实的林分。种子萌发和出苗阶段的顶端钩的形成和下胚轴的生长对幼苗的出苗和林分的建立起着关键作用。本文首次系统综述了棉花幼苗生长的调控机制,提出了促进棉花幼苗生长关键的农艺栽培技术,重点研究了钩形成和下胚轴生长的生理分子机制及其影响因素。精确单饲可以提高与下胚轴伸长和弯钩形成相关的关键基因HLS1和COP1的及时和适度表达,通过弯钩的及时形成和扩大以及种子外壳的及时脱落来确保更好的林分建立。下胚轴可以稳定生长,并通过调节与下胚轴生长相关的关键基因HY5和ARF2的表达形成结实的种子。本文对棉花精密单针、精细整地、提高种子质量、地膜覆盖和膜下滴灌等关键栽培技术进行了总结和评述。该综述为棉花播种栽培技术的改进和发展提供了重要的参考和指导。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of ridge tillage with film mulching in furrow on photosynthetic characteristics of potato and yield formation in dryland farming 旱地垄作沟膜覆盖对马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14050
: To investigate the effects of ridge tillage with film mulching in furrow on photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of potato in dry land, field experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019 in mountain area of south Ningxia. Ridges were covered with common plastic film in all treatments, while different furrow treatments were mulched with common plastic film (DD), degradable permeable mulch film (DS), and bast fiber film (DM), and no mulching furrows was used as the control check (CK). The effects of ridge tillage with film mulching in furrow on soil moisture, photosynthetic characteristics of potato functional leaves and yield formation during the key growth period (60–120 days after sowing) were investigated and compared. The results showed that the different mulching treatments could significantly increase soil water storage in 0–100 cm layer during potato squaring stage (60 days after sowing). DD treatment was the highest in 2018 and DM treatment was the highest in 2019, which significantly increased by 11.2% and 21.6% than CK, respectively. In the key growth periods of potato, leaf area index of DS treatment was significantly higher than that of CK in 2019, but there was no significant difference among the other treatments. Different mulching treatments could increase the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, while DM treatment significantly tuber swelling stage was significantly increased by 54.9%, 50.0%, and 22.6%. During the 2-year experiments, the average potato yield with DD, DM and DS treatments was increased by 13.2%, 14.1%, and 5.2%, the average net income was increased by 16.3%, 14.6% and 4.0%, respectively, compared with CK, while the differences in potato yield and net income were not significant between DS and CK. Correlation analysis showed that soil moisture and net photosynthetic rate were the main factors affect-ing potato yield formation. The treatments of ridge tillage with common plastic film mulching in furrow (DD) and ridge tillage with bast fiber film mulching in furrow (DM) could improve soil moisture at squaring stage, thus promoting the increase of potato photosynthesis and yield. Therefore, ridge tillage with bast fiber film mulching in furrow had the same effect of increasing yield and income as ridge tillage with common plastic film mulching in furrow, and it had the advantage of partially replacing common plastic mulching.
为了研究沟道覆膜垄作对旱地马铃薯光合特性和产量形成的影响,于2018年至2019年在宁南山区进行了田间试验。所有处理均采用普通地膜覆盖,不同沟道处理采用普通地膜(DD)、可降解透水地膜(DS)和韧皮纤维膜(DM)覆盖,不采用覆盖沟作为对照(CK)。在关键生长期(播种后60~120天),研究比较了垄作沟膜覆盖对土壤水分、马铃薯功能叶光合特性和产量形成的影响。结果表明,不同覆盖处理可显著提高马铃薯成方期(播后60天)0~100cm土层的土壤蓄水量。DD治疗在2018年最高,DM治疗在2019年最高,分别比对照显著增加11.2%和21.6%。在马铃薯的关键生长期,2019年DS处理的叶面积指数显著高于CK,但其他处理之间没有显著差异。不同覆盖处理可提高马铃薯的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,而DM处理显著提高块茎膨大期,分别提高了54.9%、50.0%和22.6%。在2年的试验中,DD、DM和DS处理的马铃薯平均产量分别提高了13.2%、14.1%和5.2%,平均净收入分别提高了16.3%、14.6%和4.0%,相关分析表明,土壤水分和净光合速率是影响马铃薯产量形成的主要因素。采用普通沟覆膜垄作(DD)和韧皮纤维沟膜垄作(DM)处理,可改善开方期土壤水分,促进马铃薯光合作用和产量的提高。因此,沟道覆盖韧皮纤维膜的垄作与沟道覆盖普通地膜的垄作具有相同的增产增收效果,并具有部分取代普通地膜的优点。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of endophytic bacterial community structure in roots of sugarcane under different fertilizer applications 不同施肥条件下甘蔗根系内生细菌群落结构特征
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14060
: To explore the beneficial endophytic bacteria in sugarcanes and their functions, we analyzed the characteristics of bacteria in roots of sugarcanes were not significantly changed by fertilizer application under 1500 kg hm –2 treatment. In conclusion, the conventional fertilization at the present stage can be substituted by reducing fertilizer application from 3000 kg hm –2 to 1500 kg hm –2 level in sugarcane.
:为了探索甘蔗内生有益细菌及其功能,我们分析了在1500 kg hm–2处理下,施肥对甘蔗根系细菌特性没有显著影响。总之,现阶段的常规施肥可以通过将甘蔗的施肥量从3000 kg hm–2减少到1500 kg hm-2来取代。
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引用次数: 1
Root system architecture analysis and genome-wide association study of root system architecture related traits in cotton 棉花根系构型分析及根系构型相关性状的全基因组关联研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.14067
: Root is the main organ of plants that absorbs water and nutrients. The growth of the root system will directly affect the absorption and utilization of nutrients, the resistance to abiotic stress and finally the yield of cotton. In this study, a natural population of 220 upland cotton accessions and a chromosomal segment substitution line (CSSL) population with 325 lines, derived from the crossing and backcrossing of Gossypium barbadense acc. 3-79 with G. hirsutum cv. ‘Emian 22’ were selected to collect the major root phenotypic traits. Four major traits, namely main root length (MRL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW) and lateral root angle (LRA) were investigated, and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed for four root traits in natural populations in combination with genome resequencing. The results showed that the four root traits of the natural population are all in line with normal distribution, and the CSSL population were all in skewed distribution. The mean value of root index of CSSL population was higher than that of natural population. A total of 2,714,140 SNP was obtained from the resequencing data of the natural population. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the RFW and MRL could be used as two indexes for cotton root classification, through which the cotton root could be divided into nine types in each population. The analysis of population structure demonstrated that the natural population can be divided into five subgroups. Ge-nome-wide association analysis rrevealed that two association sites were simultaneously associated by RFW and RDW in natural populations. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on root system architecture (RSA) and its genetic mechanism, and it is also of great significance to cotton breeding of abiotic stress resistance.
:根是植物吸收水分和营养的主要器官。根系的生长将直接影响棉花对养分的吸收和利用,对非生物胁迫的抵抗力,最终影响棉花的产量。本研究选择了220份陆地棉材料的自然群体和325个品系的染色体片段替代品系(CSSL)群体,该群体来源于巴巴登棉(Gossypium barbadense acc.3-79)与埃米安22号陆地棉(G.hirsutum cv.‘Emian 22’)的杂交和回交。研究了天然群体主根长(MRL)、根鲜重(RFW)、根干重(RDW)和侧根角(LRA)四个主要性状,并结合基因组重测序对四个根系性状进行了全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。结果表明,自然群体的四个根性状均符合正态分布,CSSL群体均呈偏态分布。CSSL群体根指数均值高于自然群体。从自然种群的重新测序数据中总共获得2714140个SNP。主成分分析(PCA)表明,RFW和MRL可以作为棉花根系分类的两个指标,通过这两个指标可以将棉花根系在每个群体中分为九种类型。种群结构分析表明,自然种群可分为五个亚群。广义关联分析表明,在自然种群中,RFW和RDW同时关联两个关联位点。本研究结果为进一步研究根系结构及其遗传机制提供了理论依据,对棉花抗非生物胁迫育种也具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
QTL mapping for plant architecture in rice based on chromosome segment substitution lines 基于染色体片段代换系的水稻植株结构QTL定位
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12024
: Plant architecture is a compound trait integrated with multiple morphological and physiological traits, and it is closely related to rice yield. Deciphering excellent plant architecture alleles or QTLs is of great significance for high-yield rice breeding. In this study, we constructed a set of Changhui 121/Koshihikari chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with the size of 208 in our laboratory. QTLs controlling plant height, flag leaf morphology, and tiller numbers were detected under three environments. A total of 35 QTLs for rice architecture were identified on 11 chromosomes except chromosome 9, and the range of the phenotypic variation explaining was 2.00%–22.86%. It was worth noting that qPH-1-1 , qFLW-6 , and qFLA-3 could be detected in three environments, among which qFLW-6 was a newly identified QTL of the flag leaf width. Phenotypic identification verified that the additive effects and environmental stability of the two locus alleles by the replacement lines carrying qPH-1-1 and sites. The results of this study laid the foundation for further fine mapping and cloning of QTLs for rice plant architecture and the molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice breeding.
:植株构型是多种形态和生理性状综合的复合性状,与水稻产量密切相关。破译优秀的植株结构等位基因或qtl对水稻高产育种具有重要意义。本研究在实验室构建了一套长恢121/Koshihikari染色体片段代换系(CSSLs),大小为208。在3种环境下检测到控制株高、旗叶形态和分蘖数的qtl。除第9染色体外,在11条染色体上共鉴定出35个水稻结构qtl,表型变异解释范围为2.00% ~ 22.86%。值得注意的是,qPH-1-1、qFLW-6和qFLA-3在3种环境中均能检测到,其中qFLW-6是新鉴定的旗叶宽度QTL。通过携带qPH-1-1和位点的替代系进行表型鉴定,验证了两个位点等位基因的加性效应和环境稳定性。该研究结果为水稻植株结构qtl的精细定位和克隆以及水稻育种中的分子标记辅助选择(MAS)奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Rice transcription factor WRKY68 plays a positive role in Xa21-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae 水稻转录因子WRKY68在xa21介导的水稻黄单胞菌抗性中发挥积极作用。oryzae
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12010
{"title":"Rice transcription factor WRKY68 plays a positive role in <italic>Xa21</italic>-mediated resistance to <italic>Xanthomonas oryzae</italic> pv. <italic>oryzae</italic>","authors":"Zhengbo Zhu, Tianxingzi Wang, Yue Chen, Yuqing Liu, Gaowei Yan, Shan Xu, Jinjiao Ma, S. Dou, Li-yun Li, Guozhen Liu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42338106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional studies of rice blast resistance related gene OsSAMS1 水稻抗稻瘟病相关基因OsSAMS1的功能研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12022
{"title":"Functional studies of rice blast resistance related gene<italic> OsSAMS1</italic>","authors":"Dewei Yang, Xun Wang, Xing-Xing Zheng, Xingjie Xiang, Hai-tao Cui, Sheng-Ping Li, D. Tang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45162397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation and expression of a new gene HvMEL1 AGO in Tibetan hulless barley under leaf stripe stress 叶斑胁迫下西藏无壳大麦新基因HvMEL1-AGO的分离与表达
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11042
{"title":"Isolation and expression of a new gene <italic>HvMEL1 AGO</italic> in Tibetan hulless barley under leaf stripe stress","authors":"X. Yao, Yue Wang, Youhua Yao, Li-Kun An, Yan Wang, Kunlun Wu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45036446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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