Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13022
Dan Wang, Baoyuan Zhou, Wei Ma, Junzhu Ge, Z. Ding, Cong-feng Li, Ming Zhao
: Clarifying the characteristics of annual yield, distribution, and utilization of climatic resources, and establishing rational quantitative indexes of annual climatic resource distribution are helpful to provide theoretical basis for establishing the double maize cropping system. In this study, to analyze the annual grain yield, biomass, and distribution and utilization efficiency of climate resource of double maize cropping system with different variety collocation, the experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at Wuxue, Hubei province. The distribution and utilization of climatic resource of different variety collocation the other variety collocation, but on the contrary in the second season. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate for the first season of HM was 49% and 52%, respectively. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate for the second season of HM was 46% and 44%. The accumulative ratio of temperature and radiation between two seasons of HM was 1.1 and 1.2. The precipitation distribution rate of two seasons and annual among the four variety collocations were no significantly different. The difference of the accumulative temperature and radiation among different variety collocations resulted in the changes of grain yield and biomass. Because of a high matching degree between the distribution of climatic resource and the growth demand of maize in HM. The annual grain yield and total biomass of HM were significantly higher than those of the MM, MH, and LH, with an average increase of 8.4%–24.5% and 9.7%–29.6%, respectively. The annual accumulative temperature and radiation, radiation use efficiency of grain, and total biomass of HM were significantly higher than those of the MM, MH, and LH, with an average increase of 2.9%–14.3% in the annual accumulative temperature production efficiency, 5.5%–18.4% in the annual radiation production efficiency, 0.05%–0.16% and 0.16%–0.39% increase in the radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass, respectively. Considering both yield and resource use efficiency, HM can be used as the best variety collocation for high yield and high efficiency of double maize system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Furthermore, this is helpful to extend double maize system, optimize the layout of planting patterns, provide theoretical basis and important support the sus-tainable development of agricultural production.
{"title":"Characteristics of the annual distribution and utilization of climate resource for double maize cropping system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River","authors":"Dan Wang, Baoyuan Zhou, Wei Ma, Junzhu Ge, Z. Ding, Cong-feng Li, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13022","url":null,"abstract":": Clarifying the characteristics of annual yield, distribution, and utilization of climatic resources, and establishing rational quantitative indexes of annual climatic resource distribution are helpful to provide theoretical basis for establishing the double maize cropping system. In this study, to analyze the annual grain yield, biomass, and distribution and utilization efficiency of climate resource of double maize cropping system with different variety collocation, the experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at Wuxue, Hubei province. The distribution and utilization of climatic resource of different variety collocation the other variety collocation, but on the contrary in the second season. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate for the first season of HM was 49% and 52%, respectively. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate for the second season of HM was 46% and 44%. The accumulative ratio of temperature and radiation between two seasons of HM was 1.1 and 1.2. The precipitation distribution rate of two seasons and annual among the four variety collocations were no significantly different. The difference of the accumulative temperature and radiation among different variety collocations resulted in the changes of grain yield and biomass. Because of a high matching degree between the distribution of climatic resource and the growth demand of maize in HM. The annual grain yield and total biomass of HM were significantly higher than those of the MM, MH, and LH, with an average increase of 8.4%–24.5% and 9.7%–29.6%, respectively. The annual accumulative temperature and radiation, radiation use efficiency of grain, and total biomass of HM were significantly higher than those of the MM, MH, and LH, with an average increase of 2.9%–14.3% in the annual accumulative temperature production efficiency, 5.5%–18.4% in the annual radiation production efficiency, 0.05%–0.16% and 0.16%–0.39% increase in the radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass, respectively. Considering both yield and resource use efficiency, HM can be used as the best variety collocation for high yield and high efficiency of double maize system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Furthermore, this is helpful to extend double maize system, optimize the layout of planting patterns, provide theoretical basis and important support the sus-tainable development of agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44023632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13017
Huan Yang, Ying Zhou, Ping Chen, Qing Du, B. Zheng, Tian Pu, Jing Wen, W. Yang, T. Yong
: To clarify the difference of nutrient uptake and utilization to yield advantage between maize-soybean relay intercropping and maize-peanut intercropping, we conducted a field experiment for two consecutive years. The results were obtained by comparing nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) absorption efficiency and utilization in the intercropping with sole cropping. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER) of maize-soybean relay intercropping was 1.16–1.72, which had the advantage of intercropping yield, but the LER of maize-peanut intercropping was 0.89–1.13, which had no obvious yield disad-vantage. In maize-soybean relay intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by 32.60% 54.22%, 27.35%–34.64, intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by –7.86% to 31.58%, 23.09%–46.52%, and 1.60%–55.48%, respectively, and the N utilization efficiency was higher by 7.55–26.60. The contributions of the N, P and K uptake efficiencies to LER were 0–0.22, 0.05–0.27, and –0.11–0.32, respectively, and the utilization efficiencies contributions were –0.25 0.19, –0.32–0.11, and –0.47–0.32, respectively. In conclusion, yield advantage of maize-soybean relay intercropping was mainly from enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency, but there was no obvious yield advantage in maize-peanut intercropping mainly due to relatively less contribution of nutrient uptake to yield advantage.
{"title":"Effects of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield of maize-legume strip intercropping system","authors":"Huan Yang, Ying Zhou, Ping Chen, Qing Du, B. Zheng, Tian Pu, Jing Wen, W. Yang, T. Yong","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13017","url":null,"abstract":": To clarify the difference of nutrient uptake and utilization to yield advantage between maize-soybean relay intercropping and maize-peanut intercropping, we conducted a field experiment for two consecutive years. The results were obtained by comparing nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) absorption efficiency and utilization in the intercropping with sole cropping. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER) of maize-soybean relay intercropping was 1.16–1.72, which had the advantage of intercropping yield, but the LER of maize-peanut intercropping was 0.89–1.13, which had no obvious yield disad-vantage. In maize-soybean relay intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by 32.60% 54.22%, 27.35%–34.64, intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by –7.86% to 31.58%, 23.09%–46.52%, and 1.60%–55.48%, respectively, and the N utilization efficiency was higher by 7.55–26.60. The contributions of the N, P and K uptake efficiencies to LER were 0–0.22, 0.05–0.27, and –0.11–0.32, respectively, and the utilization efficiencies contributions were –0.25 0.19, –0.32–0.11, and –0.47–0.32, respectively. In conclusion, yield advantage of maize-soybean relay intercropping was mainly from enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency, but there was no obvious yield advantage in maize-peanut intercropping mainly due to relatively less contribution of nutrient uptake to yield advantage.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48540608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11038
Ting Huang, Rong Yu, Z. Wang, D. Huang, Sen Wang, Jing Jin
: A two-year positioning field experiment was conducted to determine the reasonable regulation measures of selenium (Se) fertilizer for improving wheat grain Se nutrition, and to explore the feasibilities of different Se application approaches in Se agronomic biofortification of wheat grown in the typical Se-deficient soils of Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province. To study the effects of different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers on wheat yield, Se concentration and its accumulation and utilization, with the goal of producing wheat grain with Se concentration of 100 μ g kg –1 , five Se application rates of 0, 15, 18, 700, and 45 g hm –2 were calculated for the treatments of no Se application (control), soil- and foliar-sodium selenate, and soil- and foliar-sodium selenite in the first year, respectively. In the following wheat season, for further investigating the residual Se availability, no Se fertilizer was applied and each plot was divided into straw removal and straw return. These results showed that the wheat grain yield and straw biomass were not influenced by Se forms and application methods. For the first wheat season, grain Se concentration reached the expected target value with a range of 109–397 μ g kg –1 , and the flour Se concentration varied from 101 μ g kg –1 to 356 μ g kg –1 for all the Se application treatments. In the next year, both grain and white flour Se concentrations were soil- and foliar-sodium selenite, respectively. The Se use efficiency was the highest for foliar-sodium selenate (7.3%), whereas its cumulative use efficiency was only 0.3% in soil-sodium selenite treatment with the long-term residue effects. At wheat harvest, the highest soil available Se was observed for soil-sodium selenite, with 91 μ g kg –1 and 107 μ g kg –1 for the straw removal and straw return, respectively. In conclusion, both soil- and foliar-sodium selenate /selenite were beneficial for producing wheat grain with target Se concentration of 100 μ g kg –1 , and the sodium selenite requirement was the highest, and its residual availability should be taken into consideration for Se biofortification in wheat production in the Se-deficient area of Chinese Loess Plateau.
通过两年定位田间试验，确定了硒（Se）肥改善小麦籽粒硒营养的合理调控措施，并探讨了不同施硒方式对陕西永寿县典型缺硒土壤小麦硒农艺生物强化的可行性。为了研究不同形式和施用方法的硒肥对小麦产量、硒浓度及其积累和利用的影响，以生产硒浓度为100μg kg–1的小麦为目标，计算了无硒（对照）、土壤和叶面硒酸钠处理的5种硒施用量分别为0、15、18、700和45 g hm–2，第一年分别为土壤和叶面亚硒酸钠。在接下来的小麦季节，为了进一步研究硒的残留有效性，没有施用硒肥，每个地块被分为秸秆清除和秸秆还田。这些结果表明，硒的形态和施用方法不影响小麦产量和秸秆生物量。在第一个小麦季节，所有施硒处理的谷物硒浓度都达到了预期目标值，范围为109–397μg kg–1，面粉硒浓度在101μg kg-1至356μg kg-1之间。第二年，谷物和白面硒的浓度分别为土壤和叶面亚硒酸钠。叶面硒酸钠对硒的利用效率最高（7.3%），而在具有长期残留效应的土壤亚硒酸钠处理中，其累积利用效率仅为0.3%。在小麦收获时，土壤亚硒酸钠的土壤有效硒含量最高，秸秆清除和秸秆还田分别为91μg kg–1和107μg kg-1。总之，土壤和叶面硒酸钠/亚硒酸钠都有利于生产目标硒浓度为100μg kg–1的小麦籽粒，亚硒酸盐的需求量最高，在黄土高原缺硒地区小麦生产中应考虑其硒生物强化的残留有效性。
{"title":"Effects of different forms and application methods of selenium fertilizers on wheat selenium uptake and utilization and its residual availability","authors":"Ting Huang, Rong Yu, Z. Wang, D. Huang, Sen Wang, Jing Jin","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11038","url":null,"abstract":": A two-year positioning field experiment was conducted to determine the reasonable regulation measures of selenium (Se) fertilizer for improving wheat grain Se nutrition, and to explore the feasibilities of different Se application approaches in Se agronomic biofortification of wheat grown in the typical Se-deficient soils of Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province. To study the effects of different forms and application methods of Se fertilizers on wheat yield, Se concentration and its accumulation and utilization, with the goal of producing wheat grain with Se concentration of 100 μ g kg –1 , five Se application rates of 0, 15, 18, 700, and 45 g hm –2 were calculated for the treatments of no Se application (control), soil- and foliar-sodium selenate, and soil- and foliar-sodium selenite in the first year, respectively. In the following wheat season, for further investigating the residual Se availability, no Se fertilizer was applied and each plot was divided into straw removal and straw return. These results showed that the wheat grain yield and straw biomass were not influenced by Se forms and application methods. For the first wheat season, grain Se concentration reached the expected target value with a range of 109–397 μ g kg –1 , and the flour Se concentration varied from 101 μ g kg –1 to 356 μ g kg –1 for all the Se application treatments. In the next year, both grain and white flour Se concentrations were soil- and foliar-sodium selenite, respectively. The Se use efficiency was the highest for foliar-sodium selenate (7.3%), whereas its cumulative use efficiency was only 0.3% in soil-sodium selenite treatment with the long-term residue effects. At wheat harvest, the highest soil available Se was observed for soil-sodium selenite, with 91 μ g kg –1 and 107 μ g kg –1 for the straw removal and straw return, respectively. In conclusion, both soil- and foliar-sodium selenate /selenite were beneficial for producing wheat grain with target Se concentration of 100 μ g kg –1 , and the sodium selenite requirement was the highest, and its residual availability should be taken into consideration for Se biofortification in wheat production in the Se-deficient area of Chinese Loess Plateau.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49470896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12031
Tian Tian, Li-juan Chen, Hua-Qin He
: Magnaporthe oryzae seriously devastates rice production, and resistant cultivars can lose resistance within a few years due to the pathogenic variability of M. oryzae. Therefore, it is essential to explore continuously novel blast-resistance genes for breeding broad-spectrum resistance cultivars. In this study, firstly, 50 Meta-QTLs (including at least 2 original QTLs) were identified on 12 chromosomes by meta-analysis of blast-resistance 783 QTLs from 43 literatures. The average interval distance was 0.87 Mb in these Meta-QTLs, which contained a total of 4718 interval genes. Subsequently, based on integrated analysis of blast-resistance Meta-QTLs and RNA-seq, the result identified 2193 common genes which were not only located on blast-resistance Meta-QTLs, but also significantly differentially expressed in response to the M. oryzae . Among them, 22 cloned genes had been reported to be involved in defense responses to M. oryzae and other stresses. Fur-thermore, 99 resistance gene analogues (RGA) and 112 transcription factors (TF) were screened out from the above common genes, which were utilized to construct gene co-expression networks (GCEN). Based on the Top 20 of the connection degrees, hub genes were identified in the GCEN. Among them, OsJAMyb , bsr-d1 , and OsWRKY76 had been reported to be against rice blast, and OsSPL9 was related to resistance to rice stripe virus. The left hub genes were considered as important potential resistance genes which need further functional verification to prepare for breeding broad-spectrum resistance rice cultivars.
{"title":"Identification of rice blast resistance candidate genes based on integrating Meta-QTL and RNA-seq analysis","authors":"Tian Tian, Li-juan Chen, Hua-Qin He","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12031","url":null,"abstract":": Magnaporthe oryzae seriously devastates rice production, and resistant cultivars can lose resistance within a few years due to the pathogenic variability of M. oryzae. Therefore, it is essential to explore continuously novel blast-resistance genes for breeding broad-spectrum resistance cultivars. In this study, firstly, 50 Meta-QTLs (including at least 2 original QTLs) were identified on 12 chromosomes by meta-analysis of blast-resistance 783 QTLs from 43 literatures. The average interval distance was 0.87 Mb in these Meta-QTLs, which contained a total of 4718 interval genes. Subsequently, based on integrated analysis of blast-resistance Meta-QTLs and RNA-seq, the result identified 2193 common genes which were not only located on blast-resistance Meta-QTLs, but also significantly differentially expressed in response to the M. oryzae . Among them, 22 cloned genes had been reported to be involved in defense responses to M. oryzae and other stresses. Fur-thermore, 99 resistance gene analogues (RGA) and 112 transcription factors (TF) were screened out from the above common genes, which were utilized to construct gene co-expression networks (GCEN). Based on the Top 20 of the connection degrees, hub genes were identified in the GCEN. Among them, OsJAMyb , bsr-d1 , and OsWRKY76 had been reported to be against rice blast, and OsSPL9 was related to resistance to rice stripe virus. The left hub genes were considered as important potential resistance genes which need further functional verification to prepare for breeding broad-spectrum resistance rice cultivars.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12032
Wenying Zhou, X. Qiang, Sen Wang, Jing-Wen Jiang, Wan Wei
{"title":"Mechanism of drought and salt tolerance of <italic>OsLPL2/PIR </italic>gene in rice","authors":"Wenying Zhou, X. Qiang, Sen Wang, Jing-Wen Jiang, Wan Wei","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.12032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42700122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spike-related traits and plant height are important target traits in wheat breeding. In the present study, a population of 198 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between a CIMMYT wheat line C615 and Yangmai 13 (YM13) was constructed, followed by genotyping with Wheat 90K SNP array and phenotyping of spike-related traits and plant height in three environments to excavate QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for these traits. Using composite interval mapping method, we identified one QTL for total spikelet number per spike (TSS), two QTLs for spike length (SL), two QTLs for spikelet compactness (SC), and three QTLs for plant height (PH). QSN.yaas-3B and QPH.yaas-3B overlapped on the chromosome 3B. QSL.yaas-5A, QSC.yaas-5A and QPH.yaas-5A overlapped on the chromosome 5A. QSL.yaas-6A and QSC.yaas-6A overlapped on the chromosome 6A. QSN.yaas-3B/QPH.yaas-3B and QSL.yaas-6A/QSC.yaas-6A had not been reported yet, and were likely to be novel loci. The SNP marker closely linked to QSL.yaas-5A/QSC.yaas-5A/QPH.yaas-5A was then converted into one Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker (QC615-5A-KASP), and validated in a panel of 105 wheat lines. The results would be useful for improvement of yield related traits in wheat breeding.
{"title":"Molecular mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci for spike-related traits and plant height in wheat","authors":"Wenjing Hu, Dong-sheng Li, Xin Yi, Chunguang Zhang, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.11055","url":null,"abstract":"Spike-related traits and plant height are important target traits in wheat breeding. In the present study, a population of 198 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between a CIMMYT wheat line C615 and Yangmai 13 (YM13) was constructed, followed by genotyping with Wheat 90K SNP array and phenotyping of spike-related traits and plant height in three environments to excavate QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for these traits. Using composite interval mapping method, we identified one QTL for total spikelet number per spike (TSS), two QTLs for spike length (SL), two QTLs for spikelet compactness (SC), and three QTLs for plant height (PH). QSN.yaas-3B and QPH.yaas-3B overlapped on the chromosome 3B. QSL.yaas-5A, QSC.yaas-5A and QPH.yaas-5A overlapped on the chromosome 5A. QSL.yaas-6A and QSC.yaas-6A overlapped on the chromosome 6A. QSN.yaas-3B/QPH.yaas-3B and QSL.yaas-6A/QSC.yaas-6A had not been reported yet, and were likely to be novel loci. The SNP marker closely linked to QSL.yaas-5A/QSC.yaas-5A/QPH.yaas-5A was then converted into one Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker (QC615-5A-KASP), and validated in a panel of 105 wheat lines. The results would be useful for improvement of yield related traits in wheat breeding.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44526337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.03061
Yi-jun Li, H. Lyu
: Agricultural meteorological disasters are the main natural disasters that threaten grain output. In recent years, with climate change, agricultural meteorological disasters are more and more frequent, and their impact on northeast China is also in-creasing. In this paper, to make better use of advantages and avoid disadvantages in actual production to ensure food production safety, spring corn in three provinces of northeast China was taken as the research object to discuss the impact of major agricultural meteorological disasters in this region on spring corn yield and its degree. The results showed that agricultural meteorological disasters could explain about 50% of the fluctuation of spring corn yield in Northeast China, and the main agricultural meteorological disasters that affected spring corn production had changed from cold damage in the traditional sense to drought. Under the background of climate warming, the main factor affecting spring corn production was changed from thermal condition to wa-ter condition, and drought had become the primary disaster threatening spring corn production. The agricultural meteorological disasters that affected the spring corn yield in Liaoning province were drought, flood, and wind in order of the degree of influence. The agricultural meteorological disaster that affected spring corn yield in Jilin province was only drought. The agricultural meteorological disasters affecting the yield of spring corn in Heilongjiang province were ranked as flood, drought, and cold damage according to the degree of impact. In conclusion, due to geographical differences, the main agro-meteorological disasters affecting the corn production in the three provinces of Northeast China were also different, and their complexity was not the same, which cannot be generalized in the specific study.
{"title":"Effect of agricultural meteorological disasters on the production corn in the Northeast China","authors":"Yi-jun Li, H. Lyu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.03061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.03061","url":null,"abstract":": Agricultural meteorological disasters are the main natural disasters that threaten grain output. In recent years, with climate change, agricultural meteorological disasters are more and more frequent, and their impact on northeast China is also in-creasing. In this paper, to make better use of advantages and avoid disadvantages in actual production to ensure food production safety, spring corn in three provinces of northeast China was taken as the research object to discuss the impact of major agricultural meteorological disasters in this region on spring corn yield and its degree. The results showed that agricultural meteorological disasters could explain about 50% of the fluctuation of spring corn yield in Northeast China, and the main agricultural meteorological disasters that affected spring corn production had changed from cold damage in the traditional sense to drought. Under the background of climate warming, the main factor affecting spring corn production was changed from thermal condition to wa-ter condition, and drought had become the primary disaster threatening spring corn production. The agricultural meteorological disasters that affected the spring corn yield in Liaoning province were drought, flood, and wind in order of the degree of influence. The agricultural meteorological disaster that affected spring corn yield in Jilin province was only drought. The agricultural meteorological disasters affecting the yield of spring corn in Heilongjiang province were ranked as flood, drought, and cold damage according to the degree of impact. In conclusion, due to geographical differences, the main agro-meteorological disasters affecting the corn production in the three provinces of Northeast China were also different, and their complexity was not the same, which cannot be generalized in the specific study.","PeriodicalId":52132,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agronomica Sinica(China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45634540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2022.13036
Tian-jun Xu, Y. Zhang, Jiu-ran Zhao, Ronghuan Wang, Tian-Fang Lyu, Yuee Liu, Wan-tao Cai, Hong-wei Liu, Chuanyong Chen, Yuandong Wang
: To provide technical support for the selection and popularization of corn varieties suitable for mechanized grain harvest, the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, and mechanical harvesting characteristics of different types of maize varieties were compared with 24 maize varieties including Jingnongke 728 produced and widely promoted in China. The results showed that: (1) The average yield, moisture content, broken rate and impurity content at harvest of the tested varieties were 11,658.78 kg hm –2 , 24.66%, 3.90%, and 0.83%. The average yield of 18 suitable machine harvesting varieties such as Jingnongke 728 with Jing 2416 as male parent was 11,802.70 kg hm –2 , which was significantly higher by 7.69% and 4.45% than those of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, respectively. The grain moisture content at harvest was lower than 28% (average 24.61%); The average broken rate was less than 5% (average 3.42%), reaching the national standard of machine harvested grain. (2) 18 maize varieties suitable for grain mechanical harvesting such as Jingnongke 728 with Jing 2416 as male parent had small angle between stem and leaf, compact plant type, high average light transmittance and more reasonable light distribution. (3) The average net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of the tested maize varieties were 34.10 μ mol CO 2 m –2 s –1 and 8.91 mg m 2 . The average net photosynthetic rate of the 18 maize varieties suitable for machine harvesting with Jing 2416 as male parent was 35.21 μ mol CO 2 m –2 s –1 , which was 19.60% and 6.73% higher than Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335. The average chlorophyll content was 9.87 mg m 2 , which was 61.54% and 68.43% higher than Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335. (4) The average grain filling rate and dehydration rate after physiological maturity of 18 varieties with Jing 2416 as male parent were 0.83 g 100 grain –1 d –1 and 0.55% d –1 , respectively, which were significantly higher than those of Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, showing a lower grain moisture content at harvest. (5) Correlation analysis revealed that the yield of the tested varieties was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate and grain filling rate. The net photosynthetic rate was negatively correlated with the angle between stem and leaf, and positively correlated with light transmittance and chlorophyll content. Grain moisture content at harvest was significantly positively correlated with breakage rate, impurity content and grain moisture content after physiological maturity, negatively correlated with dehydration rate after physiological maturity, and negatively correlated with grain filling rate. In conclusion, maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting under the condition of high planting density should have compact plant type, high canopy light transmittance, strong photosynthetic capacity, high grain filling, and dehydration rate, which could lead to achieve lower grain moisture content and higher yield.
：为选择和推广适合机械化粮食收获的玉米品种提供技术支持，将不同类型玉米品种的冠层结构、光合特性和机械化收获特性与我国生产推广的京农科728等24个玉米品种进行了比较。结果表明：（1）试验品种的平均产量、水分含量、破碎率和收获时杂质含量分别为11658.78 kg hm–2、24.66%、3.90%和0.83%，以京2416为父本的京农科728等18个适宜机收品种的平均产额为11802.70 kg hm-2，比郑单958和仙玉335分别提高7.69%和4.45%。收获时籽粒含水量低于28%（平均24.61%）；平均破碎率不到5%（平均3.42%），达到国家机收粮食标准。（2） 以京2416为父本的京农科728等18个玉米品种，茎叶夹角小，株型紧凑，平均透光率高，光照分布更合理。（3） 试验玉米品种的平均净光合速率和叶绿素含量分别为34.10μmol CO 2 m–2 s–1和8.91 mg m 2。以京2416为父本的18个适合机收的玉米品种的平均净光合速率为35.21μmol CO2 m–2 s–1，分别比郑单958和鲜玉335高19.60%和6.73%。平均叶绿素含量为9.87mg/m2，比郑单958和仙玉335分别高61.54%和68.43%。（4） 以京2416为父本的18个品种生理成熟后的平均籽粒灌浆率和脱水率分别为0.83g 100粒-1 d–1和0.55%d–1，显著高于郑单958和鲜玉335，表明收获时籽粒水分含量较低。（5） 相关分析表明，试验品种的产量与净光合速率和籽粒灌浆速率呈显著正相关。净光合速率与茎叶夹角呈负相关，与透光率和叶绿素含量呈正相关。收获时籽粒含水量与破碎率、杂质含量和生理成熟后籽粒含水量呈显著正相关，与生理成熟后脱水率呈负相关，与籽粒灌浆速率呈负相关。总之，在高种植密度条件下，适合机械收割的玉米品种应具有紧凑的株型、高冠层透光率、强光合能力、高籽粒灌浆和脱水率，从而实现较低的籽粒含水量和较高的产量。
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