Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0099
Mariano Zukerfeld
This article aims to put forward an overarching typology of platform-related work. First, it places the platformisation of productive processes within a characterisation of informational capitalism. Then it proceeds by distinguishing between work behind and through capitalist platforms. The former refers to the informational, industrial and service work and workers who keep the platforms up and running. The greater part of the article is devoted to discussing the latter. This second category is further divided into three sub-categories of work and workers: ‘gig labour’, ‘prosumers’ and ‘self-employed owners’. Finally, platform work and labour beyond capitalist platforms are addressed, with a further sub-typology. Here, three types of beyond-capitalist platforms are identified: co-ops, commons-based peer production and state-owned agencies.
{"title":"Behind, through and beyond capitalist platforms","authors":"Mariano Zukerfeld","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0099","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to put forward an overarching typology of platform-related work. First, it places the platformisation of productive processes within a characterisation of informational capitalism. Then it proceeds by distinguishing between work behind and through capitalist platforms. The former refers to the informational, industrial and service work and workers who keep the platforms up and running. The greater part of the article is devoted to discussing the latter. This second category is further divided into three sub-categories of work and workers: ‘gig labour’, ‘prosumers’ and ‘self-employed owners’. Finally, platform work and labour beyond capitalist platforms are addressed, with a further sub-typology. Here, three types of beyond-capitalist platforms are identified: co-ops, commons-based peer production and state-owned agencies.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80878837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0059
M. Segbenya, A. D. Akorsu, F. Enu-kwesi, D. Saha
Organising has been suggested as one way to achieve decent working conditions among informal workers. This study examines how informal workers in Ghana are using organising as a catalyst for improving their working conditions. The study adopted an exploratory qualitative research design, using interviews, focus group discussions, documentary review and observation. Qualitative interpretative analysis methods were used to analyse the data. The study found that welfare-based organisations served as a catalyst for trade union organising among quarry workers. Despite the challenges confronting them in organising, informal quarry workers were able to improve their working conditions through a collective agreement with management. Specific indicators of work improvement included appointment letters for job security, hours of work and overtime, wages and salary (compensation), and training and development of workers to enhance their skills and competencies. The study concluded that organising informal workers served as a catalyst for ensuring decent working conditions among quarry workers in Ghana. This leads to the recommendation that formal trade unions organising in the quarrying districts should be resourced to be able to organise informal quarry workers in the stone quarry sub-sector of Ghana to achieve decent work conditions for informal workers in Ghana.
{"title":"Organising as a catalyst for improving work conditions among informal quarry workers in Ghana","authors":"M. Segbenya, A. D. Akorsu, F. Enu-kwesi, D. Saha","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0059","url":null,"abstract":"Organising has been suggested as one way to achieve decent working conditions among informal workers. This study examines how informal workers in Ghana are using organising as a catalyst for improving their working conditions. The study adopted an exploratory qualitative research design, using interviews, focus group discussions, documentary review and observation. Qualitative interpretative analysis methods were used to analyse the data. The study found that welfare-based organisations served as a catalyst for trade union organising among quarry workers. Despite the challenges confronting them in organising, informal quarry workers were able to improve their working conditions through a collective agreement with management. Specific indicators of work improvement included appointment letters for job security, hours of work and overtime, wages and salary (compensation), and training and development of workers to enhance their skills and competencies. The study concluded that organising informal workers served as a catalyst for ensuring decent working conditions among quarry workers in Ghana. This leads to the recommendation that formal trade unions organising in the quarrying districts should be resourced to be able to organise informal quarry workers in the stone quarry sub-sector of Ghana to achieve decent work conditions for informal workers in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78195293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0082
Guangbin Yang, Lixin Yang
This study is a sociological exploration of changes and interrelationships between production systems, management systems and employment relations through a case study of a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE) which has undergone substantial restructuring and reforms in an agriculture-dominated region that has witnessed rapid industrialisation. It draws on data collected through qualitative interviews, focus group discussions and workplace observation and participation. The findings suggest that while market, efficiency and performance have become the dominant discourse in China’s SOEs, various organisational actors have reconstructed their identities, engaged in constant negotiations and continued formal and informal rules that supported their interests.
{"title":"Ingrained interests and path-dependency","authors":"Guangbin Yang, Lixin Yang","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0082","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a sociological exploration of changes and interrelationships between production systems, management systems and employment relations through a case study of a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE) which has undergone substantial restructuring and reforms in an agriculture-dominated region that has witnessed rapid industrialisation. It draws on data collected through qualitative interviews, focus group discussions and workplace observation and participation. The findings suggest that while market, efficiency and performance have become the dominant discourse in China’s SOEs, various organisational actors have reconstructed their identities, engaged in constant negotiations and continued formal and informal rules that supported their interests.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85549658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0007
Rafael Grohmann, Maria Clara Aquino, Alison Rodrigues, Évilin Matos, Caroline Govari, A. Amaral
The article analyses work on click farm platforms in Brazil and Colombia. It argues that work on these platforms updates and renews the historical informality of work in Latin America. Drawing on click farm ethnography, worker interviews and digital ethnography on WhatsApp and Facebook groups and Youtube channels, the research highlights: first, the cultural marks of Brazil and Colombia in the interactions between workers, typical of Latin American digital culture; second, the role of Youtubers as skill makers, responsible for the initiation of workers into click farm platforms and the circulation of neoliberal and entrepreneurial ideology; third, practices and discourses relating to reselling accounts, photos and bots as a new version of the historical resale markets in the region; and fourth, the boundaries between informality and illegality at work on click farm platforms. The article argues that, in addition to informal work that preceded and is connected to work on click farms, informality gains new dimensions with work on click farms, with the platformisation of labour representing an articulation between the old informality and new market practices and infrastructures.
{"title":"Click farm platforms","authors":"Rafael Grohmann, Maria Clara Aquino, Alison Rodrigues, Évilin Matos, Caroline Govari, A. Amaral","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses work on click farm platforms in Brazil and Colombia. It argues that work on these platforms updates and renews the historical informality of work in Latin America. Drawing on click farm ethnography, worker interviews and digital ethnography on WhatsApp and Facebook groups and Youtube channels, the research highlights: first, the cultural marks of Brazil and Colombia in the interactions between workers, typical of Latin American digital culture; second, the role of Youtubers as skill makers, responsible for the initiation of workers into click farm platforms and the circulation of neoliberal and entrepreneurial ideology; third, practices and discourses relating to reselling accounts, photos and bots as a new version of the historical resale markets in the region; and fourth, the boundaries between informality and illegality at work on click farm platforms. The article argues that, in addition to informal work that preceded and is connected to work on click farms, informality gains new dimensions with work on click farms, with the platformisation of labour representing an articulation between the old informality and new market practices and infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86842909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0021
Javier Arribas Cámara, Luis Cárdenas
The main hypothesis of this article is that labour liberalisation in the post-Fordist period has affected the three principal areas of collective bargaining coordination (coverage, dominance and control) in two different ways: by attacking the core (deregulation) and the margins (dualisation) of industrial relations. Due to differences in the institutional structures of European countries, these processes could have different effects in each country, resulting in differentiated and gradual path-dependent transformations. This hypothesis is tested by studying the institutional frameworks of industrial relations in several representative European economies: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Finally, we conclude that there has been a substantial modification of the role, activity and weight of collective actors in the economic system of each country as a consequence of the effect of the different forms of liberalisation on the coordination of collective bargaining. As a corollary, a shift in European Union labour policies towards a further strengthening of collective bargaining spaces is needed to give social partners greater capacity to seek coordinated solutions to contemporary economic and social problems.
{"title":"Trajectories of liberalisation on the European industrial relations systems","authors":"Javier Arribas Cámara, Luis Cárdenas","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0021","url":null,"abstract":"The main hypothesis of this article is that labour liberalisation in the post-Fordist period has affected the three principal areas of collective bargaining coordination (coverage, dominance and control) in two different ways: by attacking the core (deregulation) and the margins (dualisation) of industrial relations. Due to differences in the institutional structures of European countries, these processes could have different effects in each country, resulting in differentiated and gradual path-dependent transformations. This hypothesis is tested by studying the institutional frameworks of industrial relations in several representative European economies: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Finally, we conclude that there has been a substantial modification of the role, activity and weight of collective actors in the economic system of each country as a consequence of the effect of the different forms of liberalisation on the coordination of collective bargaining. As a corollary, a shift in European Union labour policies towards a further strengthening of collective bargaining spaces is needed to give social partners greater capacity to seek coordinated solutions to contemporary economic and social problems.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74273539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0040
A. Kuznetsov, O. Kuznetsova, Jaime Fernández de Simón de la Cruz
The globalisation of the labour market creates new challenges for organisations when hiring. This article addresses one such challenge that is rarely in the spotlight: the implications of the choice of a language proficiency test for non-native speakers by the hiring organisation. We use the UK National Health Service (NHS) recruitment practices as an example. With the help of a staged experiment, this practice-based study argues that the current international recruitment procedure to the NHS tends to underestimate some important differences between language as a formalised system of words and grammatical rules and discourse as ‘language in action’, causing the loss of staffing capacity. It follows from our analysis that when setting the requirements and objectives of a language test, the recruiting organisations need to consider more explicitly the social and cultural context in which their employees operate and the impact of this context on the communication demands faced by the staff.
{"title":"Workforce globalisation, language and discourse","authors":"A. Kuznetsov, O. Kuznetsova, Jaime Fernández de Simón de la Cruz","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0040","url":null,"abstract":"The globalisation of the labour market creates new challenges for organisations when hiring. This article addresses one such challenge that is rarely in the spotlight: the implications of the choice of a language proficiency test for non-native speakers by the hiring organisation. We use the UK National Health Service (NHS) recruitment practices as an example. With the help of a staged experiment, this practice-based study argues that the current international recruitment procedure to the NHS tends to underestimate some important differences between language as a formalised system of words and grammatical rules and discourse as ‘language in action’, causing the loss of staffing capacity. It follows from our analysis that when setting the requirements and objectives of a language test, the recruiting organisations need to consider more explicitly the social and cultural context in which their employees operate and the impact of this context on the communication demands faced by the staff.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72805953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.1.0052
Maxime Cornet, Clément Le Ludec, Elinor Wahal, Mandie Joulin
The transformations brought by the digitisation of work and the emergence of platform labour have deep implications for working conditions. However, researchers face difficulties studying platformised work. Workers’ invisibilisation and the lack of physical co-presence renders field access difficult. How can the variety of platforms, their organisational systems and the working conditions they offer be accounted for? In this article, we propose a mixed-methods methodology to study platforms in all their diversity by articulating the macro level – the market structure revealed through a multiple correspondence analysis – and the micro level – detailed studies of targeted platforms carried out using desk research. We apply this method in two projects, and, in each case, a typology emerges that supports the need for a diversification of the concept of ‘platform labour’ when related to working conditions.
{"title":"Beyond ‘platformisation’","authors":"Maxime Cornet, Clément Le Ludec, Elinor Wahal, Mandie Joulin","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.1.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.1.0052","url":null,"abstract":"The transformations brought by the digitisation of work and the emergence of platform labour have deep implications for working conditions. However, researchers face difficulties studying platformised work. Workers’ invisibilisation and the lack of physical co-presence renders field access difficult. How can the variety of platforms, their organisational systems and the working conditions they offer be accounted for? In this article, we propose a mixed-methods methodology to study platforms in all their diversity by articulating the macro level – the market structure revealed through a multiple correspondence analysis – and the micro level – detailed studies of targeted platforms carried out using desk research. We apply this method in two projects, and, in each case, a typology emerges that supports the need for a diversification of the concept of ‘platform labour’ when related to working conditions.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86990716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0158
N. Melnychuk, Liudmyla V. Kulachok-Titova, D. Sevryukov, Yuliya O. Ostapenko, V. M. Shkoda
In today’s world, the issue of respect for and observance of human rights in the field of labour relations is rather important. Ensuring human rights and freedoms is no longer just a domestic affair, but the goal of the entire world. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current state of Ukraine’s international cooperation with foreign countries in general, and the European Union in particular. It identifies problematic aspects of implementing international standards in the field of labour protection using national legislation and solutions.
{"title":"Conceptual principles of international cooperation in labour relations","authors":"N. Melnychuk, Liudmyla V. Kulachok-Titova, D. Sevryukov, Yuliya O. Ostapenko, V. M. Shkoda","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0158","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world, the issue of respect for and observance of human rights in the field of labour relations is rather important. Ensuring human rights and freedoms is no longer just a domestic affair, but the goal of the entire world. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current state of Ukraine’s international cooperation with foreign countries in general, and the European Union in particular. It identifies problematic aspects of implementing international standards in the field of labour protection using national legislation and solutions.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76197600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.1.0007
R. Iphofen, U. Huws, Neil H. Spencer
Introducing this volume, this article reflects on recent changes that brought to the editors’ attention the need for this special issue on the methodological and ethical challenges facing those who research precarious, virtual and clandestine labour in the 21st century. An exponential spread of algorithmically managed platform labour, just-in-time working, micro-work, teleworking and other trends associated with digitalisation has converged with traditional patterns of work in the informal economy, including clandestine practices, such as the use of child labour, trafficked labour and slave labour, to create a dynamically shifting labour market that cannot be captured by traditional means using existing indicators. Simultaneously, digitalisation has introduced the possibility of new research methods, raising new ethical challenges, as well as stimulating the adaptation of older forms of ethnographic research including participant observation and action research. It discusses the articles in this issue, suggesting that they form the basis of an ongoing debate.
{"title":"Researching precarious, virtual and clandestine labour","authors":"R. Iphofen, U. Huws, Neil H. Spencer","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.1.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.1.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Introducing this volume, this article reflects on recent changes that brought to the editors’ attention the need for this special issue on the methodological and ethical challenges facing those who research precarious, virtual and clandestine labour in the 21st century. An exponential spread of algorithmically managed platform labour, just-in-time working, micro-work, teleworking and other trends associated with digitalisation has converged with traditional patterns of work in the informal economy, including clandestine practices, such as the use of child labour, trafficked labour and slave labour, to create a dynamically shifting labour market that cannot be captured by traditional means using existing indicators. Simultaneously, digitalisation has introduced the possibility of new research methods, raising new ethical challenges, as well as stimulating the adaptation of older forms of ethnographic research including participant observation and action research. It discusses the articles in this issue, suggesting that they form the basis of an ongoing debate.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0119
César Madureira, B. Rando
This article seeks to characterise teleworking in public administration during the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on a study that aimed to collect the perceptions of Portuguese public servants about this phenomenon. Findings show that, in general, perceptions of workers and managers about teleworking are more positive than negative. It seems that teleworking in public administration has succeeded despite perceptions of insufficient equipment supply and some stigmatisation of teleworkers. The article also sought to investigate whether the perception of the potential advantages and disadvantages of teleworking, with special emphasis on work-life balance, varies according to the workers’ gender and number of dependents. The study found that this was indeed the case. However, there were also differences relating to workers’ motivation. The study found that a significant proportion of Portuguese public servants felt more motivated when performing their activities as teleworkers.
{"title":"Teleworking in Portuguese public administration during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"César Madureira, B. Rando","doi":"10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0119","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to characterise teleworking in public administration during the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on a study that aimed to collect the perceptions of Portuguese public servants about this phenomenon. Findings show that, in general, perceptions of workers and managers about teleworking are more positive than negative. It seems that teleworking in public administration has succeeded despite perceptions of insufficient equipment supply and some stigmatisation of teleworkers. The article also sought to investigate whether the perception of the potential advantages and disadvantages of teleworking, with special emphasis on work-life balance, varies according to the workers’ gender and number of dependents. The study found that this was indeed the case. However, there were also differences relating to workers’ motivation. The study found that a significant proportion of Portuguese public servants felt more motivated when performing their activities as teleworkers.","PeriodicalId":52161,"journal":{"name":"Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79633350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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