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“I Wanted to Give Back to the Profession:” Preservice Teacher Supervision as Service Work “我想回馈职业”:把教师监督作为服务工作
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1935362
S. Capello
ABSTRACT For decades, university supervisors of preservice teachers (PSTs) have been undervalued and ignored. Following neoliberal reforms, post-secondary institutions have outsourced PST supervision to contingent faculty, failed to provide professional development for supervisors, offered poor employment conditions, and overlooked PST supervision in tenure and promotion decisions. These actions, combined with the service orientation of teacher education, have framed PST supervision as service work. This case study sought to understand how supervisors and administrators in one teacher education department positioned supervisors’ work as service and the influence of the institution and department on that positioning. Using a survey, interviews, and document analysis, this study found that supervisors positioned their work as professional, financial, and emotional service. In turn, the institution and teacher education department positioned supervisors’ work as service by providing minimal compensation and no institutional rewards and expecting supervisors to enact roles that were not officially required of them. The study’s implications are that teacher educators and higher education administrators should strive to recruit and retain a professional corps of supervisors, provide ongoing professional development to supervisors to assist in the professionalization of the role, and resist notions of supervision as service.
摘要几十年来,高校职前教师监督一直被低估和忽视。在新自由主义改革之后,高等教育机构将科普监督外包给了临时教师,未能为监督人员提供专业发展,就业条件差,在任期和晋升决策中忽视了科普监督。这些行动与教师教育的服务导向相结合,将科普教育督导工作界定为服务工作。本案例研究旨在了解一个教师教育部门的主管和管理人员如何将主管的工作定位为服务,以及该机构和部门对这一定位的影响。通过调查、访谈和文件分析,本研究发现,主管将他们的工作定位为专业、财务和情感服务。反过来,学校和教师教育部门将监督员的工作定位为服务,提供最低限度的报酬,不提供机构奖励,并期望监督员扮演官方不要求他们扮演的角色。该研究的含义是,教师教育工作者和高等教育管理者应努力招聘和留住一支专业的导师队伍,为导师提供持续的专业发展,以帮助其角色专业化,并抵制监督即服务的观念。
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引用次数: 0
“We’re More than Cows and Plows”: Preservice Agriculture Teachers Use Young Adult Literature to Construct Professional Identities “我们不仅仅是牛和犁”:职前农业教师用青年成人文学来构建职业认同
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1931556
R. Marlatt
ABSTRACT The purpose of this collective case study was to explore the impact of using young adult literature in a content area literacy course to leverage the development of professional identities in preservice agriculture teachers (n= 4). Empirical studies of the literacy-based experiences and professional development of agricultural education majors are often absent in teacher education scholarship despite a growing need for agricultural expertise in schools. Interdisciplinary groupings, disciplinary textual study, and teaching demonstrations comprised participant activities in which participants catalyzed their pedagogies through literature. The study followed the qualitative principles of case study methodology and employed interviews, field notes, and artifactual analysis over the course of eight weeks. Results show participants cultivated professional identities by constructing literacy-based learning communities, practicing agricultural instructional design, establishing themselves as experts across multiple fields, and exhibiting feelings of isolation and skepticism in their ability to transfer literary-infused agricultural education from the preservice setting to practice in schools. Implications, interpretations, and recommendations for research are also discussed.
本集体案例研究的目的是探讨在内容领域扫盲课程中使用青年成人文学对职前农业教师职业认同发展的影响(n= 4)。尽管学校对农业专业知识的需求日益增长,但教师教育奖学金中往往缺乏对农业教育专业学生扫盲经验和专业发展的实证研究。跨学科分组、学科文本研究和教学示范由参与者活动组成,参与者通过文献催化他们的教学方法。该研究遵循了案例研究方法论的定性原则,并在八周的过程中采用了访谈、实地记录和人工分析。研究结果显示,参与者通过构建以素养为基础的学习社区、实践农业教学设计、将自己确立为跨多个领域的专家,以及在将文学注入的农业教育从职前环境转移到学校实践的能力方面表现出孤立感和怀疑态度,从而培养了职业认同。还讨论了研究的含义、解释和建议。
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引用次数: 0
Growth Through Crisis: Preservice Teachers Learning To Enact Culturally Relevant Literacy Teaching 危机中的成长:职前教师学习制定文化相关的扫盲教学
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1926371
Melanie M. Acosta, Shaunté Duggins
ABSTRACT A critical mass of literacy scholars have re-defined what it means to prepare reading teachers toward approaches that foreground culture, critical inquiry, and multilingualism. An upsurge in research on critical approaches to prepare caring and conscious reading teachers has resulted, though fewer studies have examined the ways novice teachers worked through moments of crisis that often accompany anti-racist learning experiences. This study reports findings from a qualitative investigation of seven prospective teachers’ coursework during their participation in an elementary reading methods course framed around culturally relevant literacy teaching for teacher learning. Findings begin to document specific activities PSTs engaged in to productively struggle through crisis and suggest that preservice teachers can and should wrestle with the complexities of effective literacy teaching for African American and Hispanic readers in ways that lay the foundation for culturally relevant teaching. Implications for literacy teacher education and research are included.
大量的读写学者重新定义了让阅读教师为前景文化、批判性探究和多语言使用的方法做准备的意义。尽管很少有研究考察新手教师如何度过危机时刻(通常伴随着反种族主义的学习经历),但对培养有爱心和有意识的阅读教师的批判性方法的研究激增。本研究报告了对七名准教师在小学阅读方法课程中所做课程的定性调查结果,该课程以教师学习的文化相关素养教学为框架。研究结果开始记录了职前教师为有效应对危机所从事的具体活动,并建议职前教师能够而且应该努力解决针对非裔美国人和西班牙裔读者的有效扫盲教学的复杂性,为文化相关教学奠定基础。对识字教师教育和研究的启示。
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引用次数: 4
Learning about Social Justice through Literature Circles 通过文学界了解社会正义
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1913258
L. Wexler
ABSTRACT Drawing on data from 16 teacher candidates in an elementary literacy methods course, this qualitative study seeks to understand how literature circles can help candidates critically reflect on social justice and equity as well as encourage reflection on race and privilege. Upon analyzing recorded classroom discussions, written artifacts, and interviews, findings indicate literature circles in a methods class can provide candidates entrance into conversations about social justice, support candidates to better understand themselves and their students, and represent an initial step in disrupting a system. Equity-centered literature circles are an instructional practice that teacher educators can utilize to provide teacher candidates a space to engage in difficult conversations and support teacher candidates in working to disrupt a normalization of Whiteness in schools.
摘要本定性研究利用16名初级识字方法课程教师候选人的数据,旨在了解文学界如何帮助候选人批判性地反思社会正义和公平,并鼓励他们反思种族和特权。通过分析记录的课堂讨论、书面作品和访谈,研究结果表明,方法课中的文学圈可以让考生进入关于社会正义的对话,支持考生更好地了解自己和学生,并代表着打破系统的第一步。以公平为中心的文学圈是一种教学实践,教师教育工作者可以利用这种实践为教师候选人提供一个参与艰难对话的空间,并支持教师候选人努力破坏学校白人化的正常化。
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引用次数: 3
What Makes Teacher Preparation Legitimate? An Analysis of Teacher Residency Websites 是什么使教师准备工作合法?教师常驻网站分析
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1883150
E. Reagan, Joonkil Ahn, Rachel Roegman, Laura Vernikoff
ABSTRACT As teacher residency programs are housed in universities, charter networks, nonprofit organizations, school districts, and museums, they form a model ripe for analysis. In this study, we conduct a content analysis of a random sample of 20 teacher residency program websites, focusing on each program’s stated purpose, structures, and attributes. Drawing on institutional theory, we analyze the claims of legitimacy made by residency programs. Findings suggest that the 20 residency programs sampled for the study exhibit structural similarities to each other, yet they make different types of legitimacy claims. Key features of residency programs include explicit district and school partners, concurrent graduate coursework, and yearlong clinical experience. However, claims to legitimacy tend to be based on a variety of reasonings and potential values, including legitimacy by innovation, legitimacy by association, and legitimacy by data. We identify organizations and institutions that may influence the residency model, and we offer implications for the teacher residency model and the field of teacher preparation.
由于教师实习计划被安置在大学、特许网络、非营利组织、学区和博物馆中,它们形成了一个成熟的模型来进行分析。在这项研究中,我们对20个教师驻留计划网站进行了内容分析,重点关注每个计划的既定目的、结构和属性。利用制度理论,我们分析了住院医师计划的合法性主张。研究结果表明,研究抽样的20个住院医师项目在结构上彼此相似,但它们提出了不同类型的合法性主张。住院医师项目的主要特点包括明确的地区和学校合作伙伴,同步的研究生课程,以及为期一年的临床经验。然而,对合法性的主张往往基于各种推理和潜在价值,包括创新合法性、关联合法性和数据合法性。我们确定了可能影响实习模式的组织和机构,并为教师实习模式和教师准备领域提供了启示。
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引用次数: 4
Editors’ Notes 编辑笔记
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1906578
Katrina Liu, E. Lin
As we write this note, the annual celebration of Lunar New Year is coming to a close throughout the world’s Asian and Pacific Islander communities. We extend our congratulations for the incoming Year of the Ox while pausing a moment to consider the trauma of the preceding Year of the Rat. In addition to the somber advance of COVID-19–more than half a million deaths in the United States alone, as of this writing– this year has seen a tremendous increase in racially motivated hate crimes among all minoritized groups and notably against the 21 million Americans who are Asian, Asian American, and Pacific Islanders. The San Francisco-based community organization Stop AAPI Hate received nearly 4,000 such incidents in the U.S. from March 19, 2020 to February 28, 2021 targeting Asians and Asian Americans. The recent brutal killing of six Asian women in Atlanta on March 16, 2021 heightened longstanding anti-AAPI hate crimes, and has galvanized AAPI communities in solidarity against hate and discrimination. As teacher educators, we must recognize that anti-AAPI hate, although recently encouraged by some political leaders to avoid blame for their own failure to address the pandemic, is built into our society through a long history of exclusion, discrimination, and violence, and at times encouraged to thrive within the U.S. educational system (Chang, 1993; Han, 2014; Matsuda, 1991). It is our responsibility as teacher educators to promote high-quality equitable education for ALL teachers and students no matter race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, learning ability, religion, national origin or background; it is also our responsibility to recognize, call out, and take action to correct the injustices besetting the communities in which our teachers, and their students, live, teach, and learn (Ball & Ladson-Billings, 2020; Zeichner, 2020). With the backdrop of continued societal challenges and opportunities, we present eight articles in Issue 43(2), that explore important teacher education topics ranging from teacher educators’ self-efficacy in addressing LGBTQ issues, teacher educators’ effort to implement a funds of knowledge approach, teacher residency programs’ claims of legitimacy and approaches to define success, and the impact of teacher education programs on prospective teachers as well as their students. Methodologically, these articles provide examples of mixed-methods and qualitative case studies that have the potential to advance research and practice in teacher education. Our first article, “Grappling with Funds of Knowledge in Rural Appalachia and Beyond: Shifting Contexts of Pre-Service Teachers,” authored by Melissa Sherfinski, Sharon Hayes, Jing Zhang and Mariam Jalalifard, presents a case study of teacher educators’ effort to implement a Funds of Knowledge approach in a rural Appalachian teacher education program. The authors adopt Bakhtin’s theory of polyvocality to examine how White pre-service teachers (PSTs) in
就在我们写下这封信的时候,一年一度的农历新年庆祝活动即将在全世界的亚洲和太平洋岛民社区结束。我们对即将到来的牛年表示祝贺,同时停下来思考一下前一个鼠年的创伤。除了新冠肺炎的严峻进展——截至本文撰写之时,仅在美国就有50多万人死亡——今年,所有少数族裔群体中出于种族动机的仇恨犯罪大幅增加,尤其是针对2100万亚裔、亚裔和太平洋岛民的仇恨犯罪。2020年3月19日至2021年2月28日,总部位于旧金山的社区组织“停止AAPI仇恨”在美国收到了近4000起针对亚裔和亚裔美国人的此类事件。最近于2021年3月16日在亚特兰大发生的六名亚裔女性被残忍杀害的事件,加剧了长期以来反AAPI的仇恨犯罪,并激发了AAPI社区团结起来反对仇恨和歧视。作为教师教育工作者,我们必须认识到,尽管最近一些政治领导人鼓励反AAPI仇恨,以避免因自己未能应对疫情而受到指责,但这种仇恨是通过长期的排斥、歧视和暴力历史而融入我们的社会的,有时也会被鼓励在美国教育系统中蓬勃发展(Chang,1993;韩,2014;松田,1991)。作为教师教育工作者,我们有责任为所有教师和学生促进高质量、公平的教育,无论种族、民族、性别、社会经济地位、性取向、学习能力、宗教、民族血统或背景如何;我们也有责任认识到、呼吁并采取行动纠正困扰我们的教师及其学生生活、教学和学习的社区的不公正现象(Ball&Ladson-Billings,2020;Zeichner,2020)。在持续的社会挑战和机遇的背景下,我们在第43期(2)中发表了八篇文章,探讨了重要的教师教育主题,从教师教育工作者在解决LGBTQ问题方面的自我效能、教师教育工作者实施知识基金方法的努力、教师实习项目的合法性声明和定义成功的方法,以及教师教育方案对未来教师及其学生的影响。从方法论上讲,这些文章提供了混合方法和定性案例研究的例子,有可能推进教师教育的研究和实践。我们的第一篇文章《在阿巴拉契亚及其后的农村获取知识基金:职前教师的转变背景》由Melissa Sherfinski、Sharon Hayes、Jing Zhang和Mariam Jalalifard撰写,介绍了教师教育工作者在阿巴拉契亚农村教师教育项目中实施知识基金方法的案例研究。作者采用巴赫金的多元文化理论来研究阿巴拉契亚农村的白人职前教师(PSTs)如何在学生教学期间和毕业后的多样化环境中“努力”应对知识资金。结果表明,许多PST无法参与知识基金,因为他们对知识基金的理解简单而不完整,并且从赤字的角度看待阿巴拉契亚农村儿童和与他们一起工作的家庭。在PST进入教学后的进一步随访中,研究人员发现,留在农村和阿巴拉契亚地区的前PST表现出对知识基金的新兴知识。然而,那些与许多有色人种学生一起搬到城市或郊区的学生专注于秩序、纪律和对身体的控制,而没有解决与知识资金相关的重要问题。在研究结果的基础上,作者提供了重要的实践和政策考虑,以支持PST了解农村地区的复杂性,更重要的是,在未来的教学中,将知识资金的知识从学生教学转移到新的环境中。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions of Self-Efficacy in Mixed Reality Simulations 混合现实模拟中的自我效能感
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2020.1864513
Erik Gundel, Jody S. Piro
ABSTRACT The purpose of this multiple case study was to gain insight into the self-efficacy beliefs of pre-service teachers participating in a teacher education curriculum that used mixed reality simulation experiences. Qualitative data were collected from a purposeful sampling of 49 student participants (n = 49), as well as 5 professional participants (n = 5). Semi structured interviews were conducted in addition to observations of the mixed reality simulation experiences. Data were explored using inductive coding and directed content analysis via codes informed by the literature. Student participants engaged in simulations and feedback sessions that enhanced self-efficacy through enactive learning, vicarious learning, as well as opportunities to give and receive feedback, and by learning to manage one’s emotions. Implications and recommendations are provided.
摘要本研究旨在了解参与混合现实模拟教师教育课程的职前教师的自我效能感信念。定性数据收集自49名学生参与者(n = 49)和5名专业参与者(n = 5)的有目的抽样。除了观察混合现实模拟经验外,还进行了半结构化访谈。数据探索使用归纳编码和直接内容分析,通过代码告知的文献。学生参与模拟和反馈课程,通过主动学习、替代学习、给予和接受反馈的机会以及学习管理自己的情绪来增强自我效能感。提供了影响和建议。
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引用次数: 7
Ripple Effects: How Teacher Action Research on Culturally Relevant Education Can Promote Systemic Change 涟漪效应:文化相关教育的教师行动研究如何促进系统变革
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1896395
H. Parkhouse, Julie Gorlewski, Jesse Senechal, Chunping Lu
ABSTRACT Teacher action research has been shown to both promote professional growth in teachers as well as produce gains for students. However, to date, little research has examined how action research might contribute to systemic changes in schools and school districts. This qualitative study of six teachers from various districts, subject areas, and grade levels, illustrates how action research can have simultaneous impacts on teachers, their students, and their schools and districts. The teacher action research projects all focused on culturally relevant education and the pursuit of equity. Impacts included teachers’ deepened understandings of equity and inclusivity; students’ diversity awareness, positive self-identities, and access to wider opportunities; and schools’ adoption of equity-focused strategies. The findings suggest that action research on culturally relevant education serves not only as a powerful form of professional development but also as a means to potentially transform schools.
摘要:教师行动研究已被证明既能促进教师的专业成长,又能为学生带来收益。然而,到目前为止,很少有研究考察行动研究如何有助于学校和学区的系统性变革。这项针对来自不同地区、学科领域和年级水平的六名教师的定性研究,说明了行动研究如何对教师、学生、学校和地区产生同时的影响。教师行动研究项目都侧重于与文化相关的教育和追求公平。影响包括教师对公平和包容性的理解加深;学生的多样性意识、积极的自我认同以及获得更广泛机会的机会;以及学校采用注重公平的战略。研究结果表明,对文化相关教育的行动研究不仅是一种强大的专业发展形式,也是一种可能改变学校的手段。
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引用次数: 5
Working in Solidarity: An Intersectional Self-Study Methodology as a Means to Inform Social Justice Teacher Education 团结工作:一种交叉的自学方法,作为一种告知社会正义教师教育的手段
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1883149
Ganiva Reyes, Brittany A. Aronson, Kathryn Batchelor, Genesis R. Ross, R. Radina
ABSTRACT In this article, we critically analyze our experiences in preparing pre-service teachers (PSTs) to teach for social justice. We utilized an intersectional lens to identify and validate our different positionalities and pedagogies. It is this interplay of validating our differences and commonalities that enabled us to form a sense of solidarity in our efforts to nurture our students’ critical consciousness. Through our collective engagement with intersectionality and self-study methodology, we co-constructed a common ground of what social justice teaching meant to us and how we navigated the highly personal, messy, and often contradictory experiences of engaging in this work with students. From this process, we uncovered three themes from our self-study: 1) curriculum is a living entity; 2) teaching is personal and vulnerable, and 3) co-teaching and collaboration invigorates us to keep practicing our social justice orientation.
摘要在这篇文章中,我们批判性地分析了我们在培养职前教师(PSTs)为社会正义而教学方面的经验。我们利用交叉视角来识别和验证我们不同的立场和教学方法。正是这种相互作用验证了我们的差异和共性,使我们能够在培养学生批判性意识的努力中形成团结感。通过我们对交叉性和自学方法的集体参与,我们共同构建了一个共同点,即社会正义教学对我们意味着什么,以及我们如何应对与学生一起从事这项工作的高度个人化、混乱且往往矛盾的经历。从这个过程中,我们发现了我们自学的三个主题:1)课程是一个有生命的实体;2) 教学是个人的和脆弱的,3)共同教学和合作激励我们不断实践我们的社会正义取向。
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引用次数: 8
Evolving Problems of Practice: How a Teacher’s Reflective Courses of Action Contributed to Her Learning and Change 不断演变的实践问题:教师的反思性行动课程如何促进她的学习和改变
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1080/01626620.2021.1883152
Jacquelynn S. Popp
ABSTRACT Although literature emphasizes the value of recursive reflection on problems of practice to facilitate teacher learning and change, few studies investigate teachers’ iterative, evolving reflections on problems that emerge in their efforts to change their practice over time. This case study provides an in-depth, longitudinal analysis of one teacher’s incremental trajectory of change through examining her reflective discourse in pre- and post-observational planning and debriefing meetings with researchers over two-and-a-half school years. The middle school teacher was intentionally focused on changing her practice to support students’ historical inquiry, shifting from a more traditional, authoritative approach to a disciplinary-inquiry stance. Analysis entailed mapping the teacher’s talk about problems of practice in planning/debriefing meetings and how the evolution of her framing of problems was influenced by reflective courses of action. Analysis revealed the teacher’s courses of action differed depending on the type of problem she addressed and that these courses of action contributed to changes in her knowledge, practice, and dispositions. The paper addresses implications for studying and supporting teacher learning and change.
摘要尽管文献强调了对实践问题的递归反思对促进教师学习和改变的价值,但很少有研究调查教师在努力改变实践过程中对问题的迭代、进化反思。这项案例研究通过检查一名教师在两年半的观察前和观察后计划以及与研究人员的汇报会议上的反思性话语,对她的渐进变化轨迹进行了深入、纵向的分析。这位中学老师有意改变她的做法,支持学生的历史探究,从更传统、权威的方法转向学科探究立场。分析需要绘制教师在计划/汇报会议中关于实践问题的谈话,以及她对问题框架的演变如何受到反思行动过程的影响。分析显示,这位老师的行动方案因她处理的问题类型而异,这些行动方案有助于她的知识、实践和性格的改变。本文论述了学习和支持教师学习和变革的意义。
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引用次数: 2
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Action in Teacher Education
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