Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100175
Bei Yan , Jinxia Liu
Motivated by the need for enhancing sorbent affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), we demonstrate the possibility of rationally designing clay-based material (FluoroClay) with a pre-selected intercalant and predicting sorbent performance using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation coupled with density functional theory-based computation. Perfluorohexyldodecane quaternary ammonium (F6H12A) as the selected intercalant revealed significant enhancement in adsorption affinity for hard-to-remove compounds, including perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and polyfluoroalkylethers (GenX and ADONA). The adsorption is thermodynamically entropy-driven and dominated by the hydrophobic effect. The incorporation of fluorine atoms into clay intercalants gave rise to a hydrophobic and fluorophilic “cavity” structure for targeted PFAS. The self-assembly of intercalant-PFAS under the negative electric field of clay sheets created a unique configuration that significantly enlarged the contact surface area between PFAS and F6H12A and was quantitatively driven by their intermolecular interactions, e.g., CF chain-CH chain, CF chain-CF chain, and charge-CH chain interactions. Collectively, our work demonstrated a new approach to select fluorinated functionality for designing a new adsorbent and estimating its performance via molecular simulation. It also provided an in-depth understanding of the underlying fundamental physics and chemistry in the adsorption of PFAS, suggesting a new strategy for PFAS removal, particularly for short-chain PFAS and new chemical alternatives.
{"title":"Molecular framework for designing Fluoroclay with enhanced affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","authors":"Bei Yan , Jinxia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motivated by the need for enhancing sorbent affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), we demonstrate the possibility of rationally designing clay-based material (FluoroClay) with a pre-selected intercalant and predicting sorbent performance using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation coupled with density functional theory-based computation. Perfluorohexyldodecane quaternary ammonium (F6H12A) as the selected intercalant revealed significant enhancement in adsorption affinity for hard-to-remove compounds, including perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and polyfluoroalkylethers (GenX and ADONA). The adsorption is thermodynamically entropy-driven and dominated by the hydrophobic effect. The incorporation of fluorine atoms into clay intercalants gave rise to a hydrophobic and fluorophilic “cavity” structure for targeted PFAS. The self-assembly of intercalant-PFAS under the negative electric field of clay sheets created a unique configuration that significantly enlarged the contact surface area between PFAS and F6H12A and was quantitatively driven by their intermolecular interactions, e.g., CF chain-CH chain, CF chain-CF chain, and charge-CH chain interactions. Collectively, our work demonstrated a new approach to select fluorinated functionality for designing a new adsorbent and estimating its performance via molecular simulation. It also provided an in-depth understanding of the underlying fundamental physics and chemistry in the adsorption of PFAS, suggesting a new strategy for PFAS removal, particularly for short-chain PFAS and new chemical alternatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49815790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100180
Jurg Keller
Numerous innovative decentralised urban water solutions have been described over many years, yet their application in practice is still not common at all. While many proposed solutions may have some techno-economic advantages over current systems, the real reasons for the slow uptake have more to do with system-wide inertia and technology ‘lock-in’ where existing solutions are preferred for simplicity and familiarity. A key factor is also the inadequate assessments in project decision making processes that should consider all relevant social, environmental and economic benefits and values. This paper highlights some key barriers and how to address them in a more holistic way. It also identifies opportunities where more integrated, hybrid solutions could offer significant benefits over current technologies. It calls on all key partners in this sector to foster broad and strong collaborations, and on water service providers to be empowered to take an inclusive leadership role in creating such innovative solutions that help address our growing challenges driven by rapid urbanisation and climate change.
{"title":"Why are decentralised urban water solutions still rare given all the claimed benefits, and how could that be changed?","authors":"Jurg Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous innovative decentralised urban water solutions have been described over many years, yet their application in practice is still not common at all. While many proposed solutions may have some techno-economic advantages over current systems, the real reasons for the slow uptake have more to do with system-wide inertia and technology ‘lock-in’ where existing solutions are preferred for simplicity and familiarity. A key factor is also the inadequate assessments in project decision making processes that should consider all relevant social, environmental and economic benefits and values. This paper highlights some key barriers and how to address them in a more holistic way. It also identifies opportunities where more integrated, hybrid solutions could offer significant benefits over current technologies. It calls on all key partners in this sector to foster broad and strong collaborations, and on water service providers to be empowered to take an inclusive leadership role in creating such innovative solutions that help address our growing challenges driven by rapid urbanisation and climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/32/main.PMC10165158.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9458184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100174
Shiting Dai , Qing He , Ziming Han , Wenli Shen , Ye Deng , Yang Wang , Wei Qiao , Min Yang , Yu Zhang
The tet(X4) gene is a clinically important tigecycline resistance gene and has shown high persistence in livestock-related environments. However, the bacterial hosts of tet(X4) remain unknown due to the lack of appropriate approaches. Herein, a culture-independent and high-throughput epicPCR (emulsion, paired isolation, and concatenation polymerase chain reaction) method was developed, optimized, and demonstrated for the identification of bacterial hosts carrying tet(X4) from environmental samples. Considering the high sequence similarity between tet(X4) and other tet(X)-variant genes, specific primers and amplification conditions were screened and optimized to identify tet(X4) accurately and link tet(X4) with the 16S rRNA gene, which were further validated using artificially constructed bacterial communities. The epicPCR targeting tet(X4) was applied for the identification of bacterial hosts carrying this resistance gene in anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure. A total of 19 genera were identified as tet(X4) hosts, which were distributed in the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Caldatribacteriota. Sixteen genera and two phyla that were identified have not been previously reported as tet(X4) bacterial hosts. The results indicated that a far more diverse range of bacteria was involved in harboring tet(X4) than previously realized. Compared with the tet(X4) hosts determined by correlation-based network analysis and metagenomic binning, epicPCR revealed a high diversity of tet(X4) hosts even at the phylum level. The epicPCR method developed in this study could be effectively employed to reveal the presence of tet(X4) bacterial hosts from a holistic viewpoint.
{"title":"Uncovering the diverse hosts of tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) in anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure by epicPCR","authors":"Shiting Dai , Qing He , Ziming Han , Wenli Shen , Ye Deng , Yang Wang , Wei Qiao , Min Yang , Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <em>tet</em>(X4) gene is a clinically important tigecycline resistance gene and has shown high persistence in livestock-related environments. However, the bacterial hosts of <em>tet</em>(X4) remain unknown due to the lack of appropriate approaches. Herein, a culture-independent and high-throughput epicPCR (emulsion, paired isolation, and concatenation polymerase chain reaction) method was developed, optimized, and demonstrated for the identification of bacterial hosts carrying <em>tet</em>(X4) from environmental samples. Considering the high sequence similarity between <em>tet</em>(X4) and other <em>tet</em>(X)-variant genes, specific primers and amplification conditions were screened and optimized to identify <em>tet</em>(X4) accurately and link <em>tet</em>(X4) with the 16S rRNA gene, which were further validated using artificially constructed bacterial communities. The epicPCR targeting <em>tet</em>(X4) was applied for the identification of bacterial hosts carrying this resistance gene in anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure. A total of 19 genera were identified as <em>tet</em>(X4) hosts, which were distributed in the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Caldatribacteriota. Sixteen genera and two phyla that were identified have not been previously reported as <em>tet</em>(X4) bacterial hosts. The results indicated that a far more diverse range of bacteria was involved in harboring <em>tet</em>(X4) than previously realized. Compared with the <em>tet</em>(X4) hosts determined by correlation-based network analysis and metagenomic binning, epicPCR revealed a high diversity of <em>tet</em>(X4) hosts even at the phylum level. The epicPCR method developed in this study could be effectively employed to reveal the presence of <em>tet</em>(X4) bacterial hosts from a holistic viewpoint.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49815772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100168
Eric McLamore , Owen Duckworth , Treavor H. Boyer , Anna-Maria Marshall , Douglas F. Call , Jehangir H. Bhadha , Sandra Guzmán
Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource, and its environmental fate and transport is complex. With fertilizer prices expected to remain high for years and disruption to supply chains, there is a pressing need to recover and reuse P (primarily as fertilizer). Whether recovery is to occur from urban systems (e.g., human urine), agricultural soil (e.g., legacy P), or from contaminated surface waters, quantification of P in various forms is vital. Monitoring systems with embedded near real time decision support, so called cyber physical systems, are likely to play a major role in the management of P throughout agro-ecosystems. Data on P flow(s) connects the environmental, economic, and social pillars of the triple bottom line (TBL) sustainabilty framework. Emerging monitoring systems must account for complex interactions in the sample, and interface with a dynamic decision support system that considers adaptive dynamics to societal needs. It is known from decades of study that P is ubiquitous, yet without quantitative tools for studying the dynamic nature of P in the environment, the details may remain elusive. If new monitoring systems (including CPS and mobile sensors) are informed by sustainability frameworks, data-informed decision making may foster resource recovery and environmental stewardship from technology users to policymakers.
{"title":"Perspective: Phosphorus monitoring must be rooted in sustainability frameworks spanning material scale to human scale","authors":"Eric McLamore , Owen Duckworth , Treavor H. Boyer , Anna-Maria Marshall , Douglas F. Call , Jehangir H. Bhadha , Sandra Guzmán","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource, and its environmental fate and transport is complex. With fertilizer prices expected to remain high for years and disruption to supply chains, there is a pressing need to recover and reuse P (primarily as fertilizer). Whether recovery is to occur from urban systems (e.g., human urine), agricultural soil (e.g., legacy P), or from contaminated surface waters, quantification of P in various forms is vital. Monitoring systems with embedded near real time decision support, so called cyber physical systems, are likely to play a major role in the management of P throughout agro-ecosystems. Data on P flow(s) connects the environmental, economic, and social pillars of the triple bottom line (TBL) sustainabilty framework. Emerging monitoring systems must account for complex interactions in the sample, and interface with a dynamic decision support system that considers adaptive dynamics to societal needs. It is known from decades of study that P is ubiquitous, yet without quantitative tools for studying the dynamic nature of P in the environment, the details may remain elusive. If new monitoring systems (including CPS and mobile sensors) are informed by sustainability frameworks, data-informed decision making may foster resource recovery and environmental stewardship from technology users to policymakers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/0c/main.PMC9923219.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10736036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100183
E. Mackey , R. Hofmann , A. Festger , C. Vanyo , N. Moore , T. Chen , C. Wang , L. Taylor-Edmonds , S.A. Andrews
This paper reports conclusions from a recent study completed for the Water Research Foundation and the State of California to offer guidance on UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse. The fundamentals of UV-chlorine advanced oxidation are discussed, and lessons learned from some of the early adopters of this technology are presented. Important highlights include the significant impact of ammonia and chloramines on UV-chlorine treatment, challenges associated with predicting UV-chlorine performance due to complex photochemistry, and an ongoing need to monitor potential byproducts and transformation products when employing any form of advanced oxidation for potable reuse.
{"title":"UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse: A review of the current state of the art and research needs","authors":"E. Mackey , R. Hofmann , A. Festger , C. Vanyo , N. Moore , T. Chen , C. Wang , L. Taylor-Edmonds , S.A. Andrews","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reports conclusions from a recent study completed for the Water Research Foundation and the State of California to offer guidance on UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse. The fundamentals of UV-chlorine advanced oxidation are discussed, and lessons learned from some of the early adopters of this technology are presented. Important highlights include the significant impact of ammonia and chloramines on UV-chlorine treatment, challenges associated with predicting UV-chlorine performance due to complex photochemistry, and an ongoing need to monitor potential byproducts and transformation products when employing any form of advanced oxidation for potable reuse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/85/main.PMC10245334.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9609828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100177
P.Y. Nguyen , Ricardo Marques , Hongmin Wang , Maria A.M. Reis , Gilda Carvalho , Adrian Oehmen
Members of the genus Tetrasphaera are putative polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that have been found in greater abundance than Accumulibacter in many full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment plants worldwide. Nevertheless, previous studies on the effect of environmental conditions, such as pH, on the performance of EBPR have focused mainly on the response of Accumulibacter to pH changes. This study examines the impact of pH on a Tetrasphaera PAO enriched culture, over a pH range from 6.0 to 8.0 under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, to assess its impact on the stoichiometry and kinetics of Tetrasphaera metabolism. It was discovered that the rates of phosphorus (P) uptake and P release increased with an increase of pH within the tested range, while PHA production, glycogen consumption and substrate uptake rate were less sensitive to pH changes. The results suggest that Tetrasphaera PAOs display kinetic advantages at high pH levels, which is consistent with what has been observed previously for Accumulibacter PAOs. The results of this study show that pH has a substantial impact on the P release and uptake kinetics of PAOs, where the P release rate was >3 times higher and the P uptake rate was >2 times higher at pH 8.0 vs pH 6.0, respectively. Process operational strategies promoting both Tetrasphaera and Accumulibacter activity at high pH do not conflict with each other, but lead to a potentially synergistic impact that can benefit EBPR performance.
{"title":"The impact of pH on the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of Tetrasphaera-enriched polyphosphate accumulating organisms","authors":"P.Y. Nguyen , Ricardo Marques , Hongmin Wang , Maria A.M. Reis , Gilda Carvalho , Adrian Oehmen","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Members of the genus <em>Tetrasphaera</em> are putative polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that have been found in greater abundance than <em>Accumulibacter</em> in many full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment plants worldwide. Nevertheless, previous studies on the effect of environmental conditions, such as pH, on the performance of EBPR have focused mainly on the response of <em>Accumulibacter</em> to pH changes<em>.</em> This study examines the impact of pH on a <em>Tetrasphaera</em> PAO enriched culture, over a pH range from 6.0 to 8.0 under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, to assess its impact on the stoichiometry and kinetics of <em>Tetrasphaera</em> metabolism. It was discovered that the rates of phosphorus (P) uptake and P release increased with an increase of pH within the tested range, while PHA production, glycogen consumption and substrate uptake rate were less sensitive to pH changes. The results suggest that <em>Tetrasphaera</em> PAOs display kinetic advantages at high pH levels, which is consistent with what has been observed previously for <em>Accumulibacter</em> PAOs. The results of this study show that pH has a substantial impact on the P release and uptake kinetics of PAOs, where the P release rate was >3 times higher and the P uptake rate was >2 times higher at pH 8.0 vs pH 6.0, respectively. Process operational strategies promoting both <em>Tetrasphaera</em> and <em>Accumulibacter</em> activity at high pH do not conflict with each other, but lead to a potentially synergistic impact that can benefit EBPR performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10063378/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100179
Richard Bade , Nikolaos Rousis , Sangeet Adhikari , Christine Baduel , Lubertus Bijlsma , Erasmia Bizani , Tim Boogaerts , Daniel A. Burgard , Sara Castiglioni , Andrew Chappell , Adrian Covaci , Erin M. Driver , Fernando Fabriz Sodre , Despo Fatta-Kassinos , Aikaterini Galani , Cobus Gerber , Emma Gracia-Lor , Elisa Gracia-Marín , Rolf U. Halden , Ester Heath , Jochen F. Mueller
The proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) over recent years has made their surveillance complex. The analysis of raw municipal influent wastewater can allow a broader insight into community consumption patterns of NPS. This study examines data from an international wastewater surveillance program that collected and analysed influent wastewater samples from up to 47 sites in 16 countries between 2019 and 2022. Influent wastewater samples were collected over the New Year period and analysed using validated liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry methods. Over the three years, a total of 18 NPS were found in at least one site. Synthetic cathinones were the most found class followed by phenethylamines and designer benzodiazepines. Furthermore, two ketamine analogues, one plant based NPS (mitragynine) and methiopropamine were also quantified across the three years. This work demonstrates that NPS are used across different continents and countries with the use of some more evident in particular regions. For example, mitragynine has highest mass loads in sites in the United States, while eutylone and 3-methylmethcathinone increased considerably in New Zealand and in several European countries, respectively. Moreover, 2F-deschloroketamine, an analogue of ketamine, has emerged more recently and could be quantified in several sites, including one in China, where it is considered as one of the drugs of most concern. Finally, some NPS were detected in specific regions during the initial sampling campaigns and spread to additional sites by the third campaign. Hence, wastewater surveillance can provide an insight into temporal and spatial trends of NPS use.
{"title":"Three years of wastewater surveillance for new psychoactive substances from 16 countries","authors":"Richard Bade , Nikolaos Rousis , Sangeet Adhikari , Christine Baduel , Lubertus Bijlsma , Erasmia Bizani , Tim Boogaerts , Daniel A. Burgard , Sara Castiglioni , Andrew Chappell , Adrian Covaci , Erin M. Driver , Fernando Fabriz Sodre , Despo Fatta-Kassinos , Aikaterini Galani , Cobus Gerber , Emma Gracia-Lor , Elisa Gracia-Marín , Rolf U. Halden , Ester Heath , Jochen F. Mueller","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) over recent years has made their surveillance complex. The analysis of raw municipal influent wastewater can allow a broader insight into community consumption patterns of NPS. This study examines data from an international wastewater surveillance program that collected and analysed influent wastewater samples from up to 47 sites in 16 countries between 2019 and 2022. Influent wastewater samples were collected over the New Year period and analysed using validated liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry methods. Over the three years, a total of 18 NPS were found in at least one site. Synthetic cathinones were the most found class followed by phenethylamines and designer benzodiazepines. Furthermore, two ketamine analogues, one plant based NPS (mitragynine) and methiopropamine were also quantified across the three years. This work demonstrates that NPS are used across different continents and countries with the use of some more evident in particular regions. For example, mitragynine has highest mass loads in sites in the United States, while eutylone and 3-methylmethcathinone increased considerably in New Zealand and in several European countries, respectively. Moreover, 2F-deschloroketamine, an analogue of ketamine, has emerged more recently and could be quantified in several sites, including one in China, where it is considered as one of the drugs of most concern. Finally, some NPS were detected in specific regions during the initial sampling campaigns and spread to additional sites by the third campaign. Hence, wastewater surveillance can provide an insight into temporal and spatial trends of NPS use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10151418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9767288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100184
Mei Bai , Zhiyao Wang , James Lloyd , Dilini Seneviratne , Thomas Flesch , Zhiguo Yuan , Deli Chen
As the wastewater sector moves towards achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, quantifying and understanding fugitive emissions from various sewage treatment steps is crucial for developing effective GHG abatement strategies. Methane (CH4) emissions from a sludge drying pan (SDP) were measured at a wastewater treatment plant in Australia for more than a year, using a micrometeorological technique paired with open-path lasers. The emission rate was tightly associated with sludge additions, climatology, and operational processes. The mean emission rate during the 90 weeks after initial sludge addition was 2.3 (± 0.8) g m−2 d−1, with cumulative emissions of approximately 32 t of CH4. A dynamic temporal pattern of emissions was observed, highlighting the importance of continuous (or near-continuous) measurements for quantifying SDP emissions. A Methane Correction Factor (MCF) expressed as a fraction of the measured chemical oxygen demand of the sludge, was determined to be 0.17 after 63 weeks (the median operational cycle duration at the facility). This is broadly consistent with, albeit slightly less than, the IPCC default value of 0.2 for shallow anaerobic lagoons. These emission measurements will support wastewater utilities that employ open air sludge drying processes to develop effective GHG abatement strategies.
随着废水行业朝着实现温室气体净零排放的方向发展,量化和了解各种污水处理步骤的无组织排放对于制定有效的温室气体减排战略至关重要。在澳大利亚的一家废水处理厂,使用微气象技术和开路激光,对污泥干燥盘(SDP)的甲烷(CH4)排放量进行了一年多的测量。排放速率与污泥添加、气候和操作过程密切相关。首次添加污泥后90周的平均排放率为2.3(±0.8)g m−2 d−1,累计排放量约为32 t CH4。观察到排放的动态时间模式,强调了连续(或近乎连续)测量对量化SDP排放的重要性。甲烷校正因子(MCF)表示为污泥的测量化学需氧量的分数,在63周后(设施的中位运行周期持续时间)确定为0.17。这与IPCC关于浅层厌氧泻湖的默认值0.2大致一致,尽管略低。这些排放测量将支持采用露天污泥干燥工艺的废水公用事业公司制定有效的GHG减排策略。
{"title":"Long-term onsite monitoring of a sewage sludge drying pan finds methane emissions consistent with IPCC default emission factor","authors":"Mei Bai , Zhiyao Wang , James Lloyd , Dilini Seneviratne , Thomas Flesch , Zhiguo Yuan , Deli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the wastewater sector moves towards achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, quantifying and understanding fugitive emissions from various sewage treatment steps is crucial for developing effective GHG abatement strategies. Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from a sludge drying pan (SDP) were measured at a wastewater treatment plant in Australia for more than a year, using a micrometeorological technique paired with open-path lasers. The emission rate was tightly associated with sludge additions, climatology, and operational processes. The mean emission rate during the 90 weeks after initial sludge addition was 2.3 (± 0.8) g m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, with cumulative emissions of approximately 32 t of CH<sub>4</sub>. A dynamic temporal pattern of emissions was observed, highlighting the importance of continuous (or near-continuous) measurements for quantifying SDP emissions. A Methane Correction Factor (MCF) expressed as a fraction of the measured chemical oxygen demand of the sludge, was determined to be 0.17 after 63 weeks (the median operational cycle duration at the facility). This is broadly consistent with, albeit slightly less than, the IPCC default value of 0.2 for shallow anaerobic lagoons. These emission measurements will support wastewater utilities that employ open air sludge drying processes to develop effective GHG abatement strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/2f/main.PMC10236450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9632645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100172
Zhe Yang, Chenyue Wu, Chuyang Y. Tang
Over the last few decades, developing ultra-permeable nanofiltration (UPNF) membranes has been a focus research area to support NF-based water treatment. Nevertheless, there have been ongoing debates and doubts on the need for UPNF membranes. In this work, we share our perspectives on why UPNF membranes are desired for water treatment. We analyze the specific energy consumption (SEC) of NF processes under various application scenarios, which reveals the potential of UPNF membranes for reducing SEC by 1/3 to 2/3 depending on the prevailing transmembrane osmotic pressure difference. Furthermore, UPNF membranes could potentially enable new process opportunities. Vacuum-driven submerged NF-modules could be retrofitted to existing water/wastewater treatment plants, offering lower SEC and lower cost compared to conventional NF systems. Their use in submerged membrane bioreactors (NF-MBR) can recycle wastewater into high-quality permeate water, which enables energy-efficient water reuse in a single treatment step. The ability for retaining soluble organics may further extend the application of NF-MBR for anaerobic treatment of dilute municipal wastewater. Critical analysis of membrane development reveals huge rooms for UPNF membranes to attain improved selectivity and antifouling performance. Our perspective paper offers important insights for the future development of NF-based water treatment technology, which could potentially lead to a paradigm shift in this burgeoning field.
{"title":"Making waves: Why do we need ultra-permeable nanofiltration membranes for water treatment?","authors":"Zhe Yang, Chenyue Wu, Chuyang Y. Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last few decades, developing ultra-permeable nanofiltration (UPNF) membranes has been a focus research area to support NF-based water treatment. Nevertheless, there have been ongoing debates and doubts on the need for UPNF membranes. In this work, we share our perspectives on why UPNF membranes are desired for water treatment. We analyze the specific energy consumption (SEC) of NF processes under various application scenarios, which reveals the potential of UPNF membranes for reducing SEC by 1/3 to 2/3 depending on the prevailing transmembrane osmotic pressure difference. Furthermore, UPNF membranes could potentially enable new process opportunities. Vacuum-driven submerged NF-modules could be retrofitted to existing water/wastewater treatment plants, offering lower SEC and lower cost compared to conventional NF systems. Their use in submerged membrane bioreactors (NF-MBR) can recycle wastewater into high-quality permeate water, which enables energy-efficient water reuse in a single treatment step. The ability for retaining soluble organics may further extend the application of NF-MBR for anaerobic treatment of dilute municipal wastewater. Critical analysis of membrane development reveals huge rooms for UPNF membranes to attain improved selectivity and antifouling performance. Our perspective paper offers important insights for the future development of NF-based water treatment technology, which could potentially lead to a paradigm shift in this burgeoning field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9969056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10812315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100181
Yifan Gao , Benjamin Croze , Quinn T. Birch , Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda , Shaily Mahendra
The synthetic dye discharge is responsible for nearly one-fifth of the total water pollution from textile industry, which poses both environmental and public health risks. Herein, a solid substrate inoculated with fungi is proposed as an effective and environmentally friendly approach for catalyzing organic dye degradation. Pleurotus ostreatus was inoculated onto commercially available solid substrates such as sorghum, bran, and husk. Among these, P. ostreatus grown on sorghum (PO-SORG) produced the highest enzyme activity and was further tested for its dye biodegradation ability. Four dye compounds, Reactive Blue 19 (RB-19), Indigo Carmine, Acid Orange 7, and Acid Red 1 were degraded by PO-SORG with removal efficiencies of 93%, 95%, 95%, and 78%, respectively. Under more industrially relevant conditions, PO-SORG successfully degraded dyes in synthetic wastewater and in samples collected from a local textile factory, which reveals its potential for practical usage. Various biotransformation intermediates and end-products were identified for each dye. PO-SORG exhibited high stability even under relatively extreme temperatures and pH conditions. Over 85% removal of RB-19 was achieved after three consecutive batch cycles, demonstrating reusability of this approach. Altogether, PO-SORG demonstrated outstanding reusability and sustainability and offers considerable potential for treating wastewater streams containing synthetic organic dyes.
{"title":"Sorghum-grown fungal biocatalysts for synthetic dye degradation","authors":"Yifan Gao , Benjamin Croze , Quinn T. Birch , Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda , Shaily Mahendra","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthetic dye discharge is responsible for nearly one-fifth of the total water pollution from textile industry, which poses both environmental and public health risks. Herein, a solid substrate inoculated with fungi is proposed as an effective and environmentally friendly approach for catalyzing organic dye degradation. <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> was inoculated onto commercially available solid substrates such as sorghum, bran, and husk. Among these, <em>P. ostreatus</em> grown on sorghum (PO-SORG) produced the highest enzyme activity and was further tested for its dye biodegradation ability. Four dye compounds, Reactive Blue 19 (RB-19), Indigo Carmine, Acid Orange 7, and Acid Red 1 were degraded by PO-SORG with removal efficiencies of 93%, 95%, 95%, and 78%, respectively. Under more industrially relevant conditions, PO-SORG successfully degraded dyes in synthetic wastewater and in samples collected from a local textile factory, which reveals its potential for practical usage. Various biotransformation intermediates and end-products were identified for each dye. PO-SORG exhibited high stability even under relatively extreme temperatures and pH conditions. Over 85% removal of RB-19 was achieved after three consecutive batch cycles, demonstrating reusability of this approach. Altogether, PO-SORG demonstrated outstanding reusability and sustainability and offers considerable potential for treating wastewater streams containing synthetic organic dyes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/f9/main.PMC10195984.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9509107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}