Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100439
Liang Li , Hou-Wei Zeng , Tian-Wei Hua, Di Min, Dong-Feng Liu, Han-Qing Yu
Urine, as a primary source of phosphorus in wastewater, has a complex composition, where dynamic interactions among components during storage and treatment significantly affect phosphorus precipitation. However, it is difficult for traditional analytical methods to capture these rapidly evolving processes in real-time, leaving the kinetics of phosphorus precipitation in multi-component systems poorly understood. In this work, real-time pH monitoring was employed in a controlled simulated urine system to effectively identify the initiation and termination of phosphorus precipitation reactions. Based on the pH time-series data, an XGBoost machine learning model was developed to predict precipitation kinetics with high accuracy and further validated using real urine samples. Moreover, Shapley Additive Explanations analysis quantified the contributions and interactions of multiple factors, and experimental validation uncovered the interaction pathways of calcium and magnesium precipitation under high urea hydrolysis conditions. Overall, this work highlights pH as a sensitive indicator of chemical dynamics and introduces a data-driven framework for understanding phosphorus precipitation in complex multi-component environments, offering valuable insights into phosphorus precipitation kinetics with implications for future wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Real-time pH monitoring and machine learning prediction of phosphorus precipitation kinetics in urine systems","authors":"Liang Li , Hou-Wei Zeng , Tian-Wei Hua, Di Min, Dong-Feng Liu, Han-Qing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urine, as a primary source of phosphorus in wastewater, has a complex composition, where dynamic interactions among components during storage and treatment significantly affect phosphorus precipitation. However, it is difficult for traditional analytical methods to capture these rapidly evolving processes in real-time, leaving the kinetics of phosphorus precipitation in multi-component systems poorly understood. In this work, real-time pH monitoring was employed in a controlled simulated urine system to effectively identify the initiation and termination of phosphorus precipitation reactions. Based on the pH time-series data, an XGBoost machine learning model was developed to predict precipitation kinetics with high accuracy and further validated using real urine samples. Moreover, Shapley Additive Explanations analysis quantified the contributions and interactions of multiple factors, and experimental validation uncovered the interaction pathways of calcium and magnesium precipitation under high urea hydrolysis conditions. Overall, this work highlights pH as a sensitive indicator of chemical dynamics and introduces a data-driven framework for understanding phosphorus precipitation in complex multi-component environments, offering valuable insights into phosphorus precipitation kinetics with implications for future wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100438
Chujing Zheng , Yue Xing , Xiaoxi Kang, Yujie Men
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most critical issues in public health. As antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerge under certain selection pressure, their further proliferation can facilitate the prevalence and maintenance of the antibiotic resistance. Here, we investigated which environmental factors could affect the growth fitness of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains using growth competition assays. We found that when antibiotic resistance selection pressure was removed, lower temperature and nutrient limitations, especially iron (Fe) deficiency, fostered a better fitness to resistant mutants when co-cultivated with the wild type, whereas changes in pH or salinity (Na or K) did not. Moreover, the growth advantage of resistant mutants under the selection pressure was reversed by suboptimal conditions like acidic/basic pH, high K salinity, and Fe limitation. These identified key environmental factors influencing the growth fitness of antibiotic-resistant mutants provide important insights into the prediction and mitigation of antibiotic resistance in heterogeneous environments.
{"title":"Environmental heterogeneity altered the growth fitness of antibiotic-resistant mutants and the resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli populations","authors":"Chujing Zheng , Yue Xing , Xiaoxi Kang, Yujie Men","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance is one of the most critical issues in public health. As antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerge under certain selection pressure, their further proliferation can facilitate the prevalence and maintenance of the antibiotic resistance. Here, we investigated which environmental factors could affect the growth fitness of antibiotic-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> strains using growth competition assays. We found that when antibiotic resistance selection pressure was removed, lower temperature and nutrient limitations, especially iron (Fe) deficiency, fostered a better fitness to resistant mutants when co-cultivated with the wild type, whereas changes in pH or salinity (Na or K) did not. Moreover, the growth advantage of resistant mutants under the selection pressure was reversed by suboptimal conditions like acidic/basic pH, high K salinity, and Fe limitation. These identified key environmental factors influencing the growth fitness of antibiotic-resistant mutants provide important insights into the prediction and mitigation of antibiotic resistance in heterogeneous environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100436
Orazio Giustolisi, Antonietta Simone
Water loss management is a relevant issue for urban drinking water networks impacting public expenditure, being leakages caused by deteriorated aged systems which need of expensive pipes replacement plans. Design of district metering areas (DMAs) improves engineering management, also with respect to water losses, supporting pressure control, active leakage detection and pipes replacement.
This work presents a novel DMA design framework based on a two- phase optimization strategy. The former is the topological segmentation to partition the network domain, and the latter is the hydraulic analysis to decide the position of closed gates at the boundary of DMAs.
The novel framework introduces the efficiency goal for CAPital EXpenditure in optimal DMA design. The novel modularity index drives the segmentation to smaller DMAs where the density of consumers meters is higher, identified as more critical and prone to deterioration. Successively, the novel asset management support indicator (AMSI), which is a deterioration index scalable from pipes to DMAs and the entire drinking network, drives the pressure reduction in the most deteriorated area of the network by means of the optimal location of closed gates.
The case study of the Modugno Town, in Apulia, is used to demonstrate and discuss the novel optimal DMA design framework.
{"title":"Using AMSI in DMA design to introduce the CAPEX goal","authors":"Orazio Giustolisi, Antonietta Simone","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water loss management is a relevant issue for urban drinking water networks impacting public expenditure, being leakages caused by deteriorated aged systems which need of expensive pipes replacement plans. Design of district metering areas (DMAs) improves engineering management, also with respect to water losses, supporting pressure control, active leakage detection and pipes replacement.</div><div>This work presents a novel DMA design framework based on a two- phase optimization strategy. The former is the topological segmentation to partition the network domain, and the latter is the hydraulic analysis to decide the position of closed gates at the boundary of DMAs.</div><div>The novel framework introduces the efficiency goal for CAPital EXpenditure in optimal DMA design. The novel modularity index drives the segmentation to smaller DMAs where the density of consumers meters is higher, identified as more critical and prone to deterioration. Successively, the novel asset management support indicator (AMSI), which is a deterioration index scalable from pipes to DMAs and the entire drinking network, drives the pressure reduction in the most deteriorated area of the network by means of the optimal location of closed gates.</div><div>The case study of the Modugno Town, in Apulia, is used to demonstrate and discuss the novel optimal DMA design framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100433
Xingyu Jiang , Jianmin Zhan , Yang Hu , Keqiang Shao , Xiangming Tang , Jianying Chao , Guang Gao
Arid-region lakes are facing complex water management challenges due to interactive effects of nutrient pollution and salinity variations. However, the effects of salinity gradients on sediment extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient release dynamics remain unclear. This study investigated sediment alkaline phosphatase (APA) and urease (UA) activities, along with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium fluxes at the sediment-water interface, across three lakes spanning freshwater to brackish conditions in the arid region of Central Asia. Results showed that sediment APA was significantly inhibited by combined effects of high salinity and SRP concentrations. Conversely, sediment UA demonstrated negligible sensitivity to salinity variations, being primarily regulated by sediment organic matter content. Nutrient release from sediments in freshwater lake (Lake Bosten) were significantly higher than in brackish lakes (Lake Sayram and Lake Ulungur). While the involvement of other environmental factors cannot be ruled out, our findings suggest that high salinity may limit sediment nutrient release, potentially through inhibiting enzyme activity or affecting ion exchange. Consequently, the ongoing climatic wetting trend in arid Xinjiang could potentially lead to a reduction in lake salinity, which might consequently promote the release of nutrients from sediments. Hence, heightened vigilance against the potential adverse environmental impacts on these lakes is warranted.
{"title":"An enzymatic mechanism on sediment N and P release in arid-region lakes under various saline conditions","authors":"Xingyu Jiang , Jianmin Zhan , Yang Hu , Keqiang Shao , Xiangming Tang , Jianying Chao , Guang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arid-region lakes are facing complex water management challenges due to interactive effects of nutrient pollution and salinity variations. However, the effects of salinity gradients on sediment extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient release dynamics remain unclear. This study investigated sediment alkaline phosphatase (APA) and urease (UA) activities, along with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium fluxes at the sediment-water interface, across three lakes spanning freshwater to brackish conditions in the arid region of Central Asia. Results showed that sediment APA was significantly inhibited by combined effects of high salinity and SRP concentrations. Conversely, sediment UA demonstrated negligible sensitivity to salinity variations, being primarily regulated by sediment organic matter content. Nutrient release from sediments in freshwater lake (Lake Bosten) were significantly higher than in brackish lakes (Lake Sayram and Lake Ulungur). While the involvement of other environmental factors cannot be ruled out, our findings suggest that high salinity may limit sediment nutrient release, potentially through inhibiting enzyme activity or affecting ion exchange. Consequently, the ongoing climatic wetting trend in arid Xinjiang could potentially lead to a reduction in lake salinity, which might consequently promote the release of nutrients from sediments. Hence, heightened vigilance against the potential adverse environmental impacts on these lakes is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100432
Yi Cao, Glen T. Daigger
Installing commercial membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) units into existing systems to form hybrid MABRs us ab emerging approach to increase wastewater treatment capacity and enhance nutrient removal due to tightened discharge regulations and growing populations. Biofilm thickness is identified as a critical parameter affecting MABR performance. To monitor biofilm thickness and develop a biofilm thickness control strategy for practical full-scale MABR units, this study develops the MABR fingerprint soft sensor as the linear relationship between off-gas oxygen content (% O2) and bulk ammonia concentration (mg-N/L) under diurnally varying loading conditions. Simulations were conducted to test the implementation of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor in MABR units in a completely mixed tank and MABR units arranged in series. Results indicate that relatively thin biofilms, quantified by a higher numerical value of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric, should be maintained for the single-stage hybrid MABRs and in the initial stage for MABRs in series to optimize nitrification and denitrification simultaneously. The MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric can serve as a proactive signal to indicate biofilm thickness changes before noticeable deviations in performance occur. The numerical value of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric associated with optimal process performance was found to be relatively consistent over a range of process loadings and operation conditions, including temperature variations, wet weather flow conditions, and varying wastewater characteristics. A general procedure to implement the MABR fingerprint soft sensor to optimize the performance in the large-scale hybrid MABRs is provided.
{"title":"Use of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor to control biofilm thickness and optimize hybrid membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) performance","authors":"Yi Cao, Glen T. Daigger","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Installing commercial membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) units into existing systems to form hybrid MABRs us ab emerging approach to increase wastewater treatment capacity and enhance nutrient removal due to tightened discharge regulations and growing populations. Biofilm thickness is identified as a critical parameter affecting MABR performance. To monitor biofilm thickness and develop a biofilm thickness control strategy for practical full-scale MABR units, this study develops the MABR fingerprint soft sensor as the linear relationship between off-gas oxygen content (% O<sub>2</sub>) and bulk ammonia concentration (mg-N/L) under diurnally varying loading conditions. Simulations were conducted to test the implementation of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor in MABR units in a completely mixed tank and MABR units arranged in series. Results indicate that relatively thin biofilms, quantified by a higher numerical value of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric, should be maintained for the single-stage hybrid MABRs and in the initial stage for MABRs in series to optimize nitrification and denitrification simultaneously. The MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric can serve as a proactive signal to indicate biofilm thickness changes before noticeable deviations in performance occur. The numerical value of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric associated with optimal process performance was found to be relatively consistent over a range of process loadings and operation conditions, including temperature variations, wet weather flow conditions, and varying wastewater characteristics. A general procedure to implement the MABR fingerprint soft sensor to optimize the performance in the large-scale hybrid MABRs is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100431
Amanda Muni-Morgan , Mary G. Lusk , Eban Z. Bean
Constraining the delivery window of labile nitrogen (N) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) loadings from rainfall and stormwater runoff is critical as these inputs can drive harmful algal blooms (HABs) and declines in water quality. Here, we quantified monthly and seasonal fluxes of dissolved N species and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rainfall and stormwater runoff to determine the timing of reactive DOM and N delivery to Tampa Bay, a highly urbanized estuary of national significance. Reactive DOM fractions were identified via fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Rainfall and stormwater runoff samples were collected during forty storm events encompassing two wet and dry seasons from four urban residential sites which convey stormwater runoff directly into Tampa Bay. Overall, dissolved organic N (DON) was the dominant N form in runoff across all sites and seasons (up to 83 %), and up to 57 % of total N in rainfall samples. Fluxes of DON and DOC in runoff were the greatest in August – September, which can coincide with HABs in the bay. Rainfall was a source of labile proteinaceous DOM during the wet season only. Labile microbial humic- and protein-like DOM was observed only in the wet season in runoff and driven by increased imperviousness. Dry season DOM was recalcitrant humic and fulvic-like and driven by antecedent dry days. These results highlight the importance of nutrient flux monitoring and the utility of EEM-PARAFAC in identifying critical windows of labile DOM and N delivery which can be used for focused nutrient management efforts.
{"title":"Dissolved nitrogen and organic carbon fluxes from urban stormwater runoff and rainfall into harmful algal bloom-prone waters: seasonal variability and insights into dissolved organic matter composition","authors":"Amanda Muni-Morgan , Mary G. Lusk , Eban Z. Bean","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constraining the delivery window of labile nitrogen (N) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) loadings from rainfall and stormwater runoff is critical as these inputs can drive harmful algal blooms (HABs) and declines in water quality. Here, we quantified monthly and seasonal fluxes of dissolved N species and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rainfall and stormwater runoff to determine the timing of reactive DOM and N delivery to Tampa Bay, a highly urbanized estuary of national significance. Reactive DOM fractions were identified via fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Rainfall and stormwater runoff samples were collected during forty storm events encompassing two wet and dry seasons from four urban residential sites which convey stormwater runoff directly into Tampa Bay. Overall, dissolved organic N (DON) was the dominant N form in runoff across all sites and seasons (up to 83 %), and up to 57 % of total N in rainfall samples. Fluxes of DON and DOC in runoff were the greatest in August – September, which can coincide with HABs in the bay. Rainfall was a source of labile proteinaceous DOM during the wet season only. Labile microbial humic- and protein-like DOM was observed only in the wet season in runoff and driven by increased imperviousness. Dry season DOM was recalcitrant humic and fulvic-like and driven by antecedent dry days. These results highlight the importance of nutrient flux monitoring and the utility of EEM-PARAFAC in identifying critical windows of labile DOM and N delivery which can be used for focused nutrient management efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100430
Weipeng Lin , Na Li , Yunlin Zhang , Kun Shi , Hongwei Guo , Yibo Zhang , Boqiang Qin
A comprehensive monitoring of the spatiotemporal dynamics of total phosphorus (TP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) is vital for mitigating algal blooms and improving lake management. However, it is challenging for characterizing large-scale patterns with traditional in situ methods. As an effective supplement, remote sensing could provide accurate estimation of non-optically active phosphorus, while remains difficult due to limited satellite-ground synchronization data. To address this gap, we established a predictive framework utilizing the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to retrieve TP and PP using a large in situ dataset and Sentinel-2 MSI imagery (2016−2023) across lakes in the Taihu Basin. The model achieved a mean absolute percentage error of 28.2 % for TP and 28.2 % for PP on an independent validation dataset. Meanwhile, major ecosystem processes driving phosphorus dynamics were elucidated through three representative situations: riverine input, wind-driven resuspension, and algal blooms. Distinct spatial and seasonal patterns were observed for TP and PP in these lakes with higher values in the west, upstream, and summer. Notably, a widespread significant decrease trend in phosphorus concentration was observed in the lakes (P < 0.05). Our findings highlight that the joint controls of external phosphorus loads and in-lake phytoplankton biomass could be vital for algal bloom mitigation. These results indicate a remarkable improvement in phosphorus control and eutrophication management.
{"title":"Widespread decrease of phosphorus and the potential driving mechanisms in Taihu basin’s lakes","authors":"Weipeng Lin , Na Li , Yunlin Zhang , Kun Shi , Hongwei Guo , Yibo Zhang , Boqiang Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive monitoring of the spatiotemporal dynamics of total phosphorus (TP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) is vital for mitigating algal blooms and improving lake management. However, it is challenging for characterizing large-scale patterns with traditional <em>in situ</em> methods. As an effective supplement, remote sensing could provide accurate estimation of non-optically active phosphorus, while remains difficult due to limited satellite-ground synchronization data. To address this gap, we established a predictive framework utilizing the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to retrieve TP and PP using a large <em>in situ</em> dataset and Sentinel-2 MSI imagery (2016−2023) across lakes in the Taihu Basin. The model achieved a mean absolute percentage error of 28.2 % for TP and 28.2 % for PP on an independent validation dataset. Meanwhile, major ecosystem processes driving phosphorus dynamics were elucidated through three representative situations: riverine input, wind-driven resuspension, and algal blooms. Distinct spatial and seasonal patterns were observed for TP and PP in these lakes with higher values in the west, upstream, and summer. Notably, a widespread significant decrease trend in phosphorus concentration was observed in the lakes (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Our findings highlight that the joint controls of external phosphorus loads and in-lake phytoplankton biomass could be vital for algal bloom mitigation. These results indicate a remarkable improvement in phosphorus control and eutrophication management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100429
J.I. Quintana-Terriza , C. Fernández-García , P. García-Muñoz , J. Rodríguez-Chueca
Plasma treatments are innovative methods for wastewater regeneration, generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in plasma-activated water (PAW). PAW has a low pH, enhances oxidative capacity, eliminates organic and biological contaminants, and promotes plant germination and growth. The plasma discharge was produced using an experimental setup with a voltage of 1–8 kV and an average current of 4 mA and frequency of 40 Hz. The energy consumption was 23 Wh, and the discharge was produced at the centre of the vortex created to isolate the high-voltage electrode from the water. This study targeted the effective simultaneous removal of Enterococcus faecalis and tetracycline from diverse water sources. E.faecalis was reduced by 4–5 logs in 15 min under optimal conditions for all water matrices. Tetracycline removal ranged from 85–99 %, with singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical the most influent RONS in the degradation. Lettuce, tomato, and radish seeds were treated with fresh PAW and PAW storage 3 and 6 days to evaluate its fertilizing effects and potential phytotoxicity. PAW was non-phytotoxic for most of the seeds and enhanced radicle growth, 85 %–150 % for radish and 2 %–64 % for tomato. The results highlight a sustainable treatment method, enabling wastewater reuse with agricultural purposes.
{"title":"Dual action of plasma discharge: E. faecalis inactivation and tetracycline degradation with eco-safe effluents","authors":"J.I. Quintana-Terriza , C. Fernández-García , P. García-Muñoz , J. Rodríguez-Chueca","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma treatments are innovative methods for wastewater regeneration, generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in plasma-activated water (PAW). PAW has a low pH, enhances oxidative capacity, eliminates organic and biological contaminants, and promotes plant germination and growth. The plasma discharge was produced using an experimental setup with a voltage of 1–8 kV and an average current of 4 mA and frequency of 40 Hz. The energy consumption was 23 Wh, and the discharge was produced at the centre of the vortex created to isolate the high-voltage electrode from the water. This study targeted the effective simultaneous removal of <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> and tetracycline from diverse water sources. <em>E.faecalis</em> was reduced by 4–5 logs in 15 min under optimal conditions for all water matrices. Tetracycline removal ranged from 85–99 %, with singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical the most influent RONS in the degradation. Lettuce, tomato, and radish seeds were treated with fresh PAW and PAW storage 3 and 6 days to evaluate its fertilizing effects and potential phytotoxicity. PAW was non-phytotoxic for most of the seeds and enhanced radicle growth, 85 %–150 % for radish and 2 %–64 % for tomato. The results highlight a sustainable treatment method, enabling wastewater reuse with agricultural purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100427
Alfonz Kedves , Edit Mikó , Zoltán Kónya
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly present in wastewater systems and typically regarded as contaminants. This perspective explores a counterintuitive strategy: introducing low concentrations (≤5 mg/L) of ENPs, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, or magnetite—into wastewater to stimulate microbial production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS forms a protective matrix that binds metals and pollutants and can be selectively recovered prior to anaerobic digestion. While excessive EPS may impair digestion processes, early recovery enables its reuse as a biologically derived, slow-release fertilizer. These EPS–NP composites could deliver essential micronutrients in a controlled, biodegradable form. We propose a conceptual framework for this transformation, outlining technical feasibility, ecological risk, and regulatory considerations. Though not an experimental study, this work emphasizes the potential of microbial stress engineering as a tool for circular wastewater management. To our knowledge, this is the first framework proposing ENP-triggered EPS recovery for agricultural nutrient recycling.
{"title":"Making Waves: Harnessing microbial stress responses for nanoparticle-enabled resource recovery","authors":"Alfonz Kedves , Edit Mikó , Zoltán Kónya","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly present in wastewater systems and typically regarded as contaminants. This perspective explores a counterintuitive strategy: introducing low concentrations (≤5 mg/L) of ENPs, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, or magnetite—into wastewater to stimulate microbial production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS forms a protective matrix that binds metals and pollutants and can be selectively recovered prior to anaerobic digestion. While excessive EPS may impair digestion processes, early recovery enables its reuse as a biologically derived, slow-release fertilizer. These EPS–NP composites could deliver essential micronutrients in a controlled, biodegradable form. We propose a conceptual framework for this transformation, outlining technical feasibility, ecological risk, and regulatory considerations. Though not an experimental study, this work emphasizes the potential of microbial stress engineering as a tool for circular wastewater management. To our knowledge, this is the first framework proposing ENP-triggered EPS recovery for agricultural nutrient recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100428
Chunlin Wang , Fan Chen , Jingjing Wang , Qi Huang , Yuxuan Lou , Ruoyu Du , Zena Zhang , Cheng Yan , Wenzong Liu , Yuheng Wang
Efficient removal and recovery of uranium from mining wastewater are essential for environmental protection and resource sustainability. Microbial reduction of soluble U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) is a promising strategy, but the role of biostimulation via tailored carbon sources and electrochemical inputs remains underexplored. This study investigated how carbon sources and electrode stimulation affect U(VI) reduction efficiency, product formation, microbial communities, and metabolic functions. U(VI) removal followed the order of carbon source: glucose > lactic acid > sodium acetate. Electro-stimulation markedly enhanced U(VI) reduction, especially under sodium acetate conditions with E24h increased from 65.0% to 90.7% at 0.7 V, by promoting carbon sources utilization and accelerating the removal of competitive anions. Glucose and lactic acid promoted the formation of UO2, while sodium acetate favored U3O8. Electro-stimulation facilitated the formation of compact uranium precipitates, enhancing recovery potential and minimizing reoxidation risk. Electrochemical analyses revealed that glucose and lactic acid exhibited superior electrochemical behavior compared to sodium acetate. Combined biostimulation enriched redox-active, electroactive, and EPS-secreting microbial taxa, along with functional genes related to U(VI) reduction, electron transfer, and carbon metabolism. Glucose and lactic acid imposed stronger selection on microbial and genetic structures than sodium acetate. Electro-stimulation promoted metabolic diversification, enhancing microbial resilience and functional redundancy. This study offers valuable insights into electrochemical enhancement of the biological treatment of uranium-bearing wastewater.
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