Water Research X最新文献_第9页

Bioremediation of agricultural nitrate pollution – challenges and opportunities 农业硝酸盐污染的生物修复——挑战与机遇

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100410

Hao Wang , Satoshi Ishii

Agriculture is the major cause of nitrogen pollution worldwide, leading to eutrophication in the surrounding and downstream rivers, lakes, and oceans. Nitrogen runs out from the field mostly in the form of nitrate where subsurface drainage is installed, which is common in areas with poorly drained soils such as the U.S. Midwest and northern Europe. Nitrate contamination in groundwater wells can also cause human diseases, and therefore, is a serious public health concern. Agricultural drainage displays distinct characteristics from municipal wastewater and animal manure, which include high nitrate, low ammonium, and low organic carbon concentrations as well as low temperature. The remediation technologies also need to be deployable in rural settings, low cost, and have minimum impacts on agricultural production. In this review article, we first summarize the challenges associated with agricultural nitrate pollution. We also briefly summarize microbial nitrogen transforming reactions that are potentially useful for nitrate bioremediation. We then critically evaluate currently available nitrate remediation technologies. Because bioremediation is much less expensive than physical and chemical treatments, we mostly focus on bioremediation technologies, including wetlands, denitrification bioreactors, saturated riparian buffers, controlled drainage, and controlled drainage ditches. Current bioremediation technologies exhibit substantial variability in performance when implemented at field scale. This review discusses recent advances and emerging strategies to enhance nitrate removal under challenging field conditions, including bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and other novel technologies. Looking forward, the effective management of agricultural subsurface drainage will likely depend on the integration of multiple conservation practices to achieve targeted nitrate reduction goals.

农业是全球氮污染的主要原因，导致周围和下游河流、湖泊和海洋的富营养化。在地下排水系统安装的地方，氮主要以硝酸盐的形式从农田中流失，这在美国中西部和北欧等排水土壤较差的地区很常见。地下水井中的硝酸盐污染也会引起人类疾病，因此是一个严重的公共卫生问题。城市污水和动物粪便的农业排水具有高硝酸盐、低铵、低有机碳浓度和低温的明显特征。补救技术还需要在农村环境中部署，成本低，对农业生产的影响最小。在这篇综述文章中，我们首先总结了与农业硝酸盐污染相关的挑战。我们还简要总结了微生物氮转化反应对硝酸盐生物修复的潜在作用。然后，我们批判性地评估目前可用的硝酸盐修复技术。由于生物修复比物理和化学处理要便宜得多，我们主要关注生物修复技术，包括湿地、反硝化生物反应器、饱和河岸缓冲层、控制排水和控制排水沟。目前的生物修复技术在实地实施时表现出很大的性能差异。这篇综述讨论了在具有挑战性的野外条件下提高硝酸盐去除的最新进展和新兴策略，包括生物增强、生物刺激和其他新技术。展望未来，农业地下排水的有效管理可能取决于多种保护措施的整合，以实现有针对性的硝酸盐减少目标。

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引用次数: 0

Phytoplankton-induced nitrification suppression limits sediment nitrogen removal via nitrate diffusion in shallow illuminated eutrophic lake 浮游植物诱导的硝化抑制限制了浅层富营养化湖泊中硝酸盐扩散对沉积物氮的去除

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100413

Rong Zhao , Min Xu , Lili Han , Moyang Li , Ehui Tan , Shiheng Tang , Hui Shen , Wenhao Su , Zhiwen Fu , Shan Sun , Silin Ni , Xindong Ma , Zhenzhen Zheng , Shuh-Ji Kao

Widespread shallow lakes/ponds receive substantial anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) inputs to be vulnerable components of global aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanisms governing N retention in these systems remain inadequately explored. We combined ¹⁵N tracer-labeling techniques and molecular analysis to quantify N transformation networks, including ammonium (NH₄⁺) uptake, remineralization, nitrate (NO₃⁻) uptake and nitrification in water column versus sedimentary N removal capacity in a tropical shallow lake (<1 m depth) in southern China. High-resolution diel monitoring (every 2 h over 36 h) revealed pronounced diel fluctuations in NH₄⁺, driven by daytime phytoplankton uptake (up to 8.5 µM h⁻¹) and NH₄⁺ regeneration from particulate organic nitrogen (PN) (up to 12.3 µM h⁻¹) in diel rhythms. In contrast, NO₃⁻ remained stable, with negligible uptake by phytoplankton or production via nitrification. The reciprocal transfer between NH₄⁺ and PN formed a closed N cycle loop. Nitrification was nearly absent despite ample NH₄⁺ availability at night, as evidenced by low nitrifier gene abundances (amo A = 0 copies/mL, amo B ≤ 8 × 10³ copies/mL), suggesting competitive exclusion by phytoplankton. This suppression of nitrification restricted NO₃⁻ supply to sediments and likely limited denitrification particularly contributed from the overlying water diffusion, though measured denitrification rates indicated strong potential under elevated NO₃⁻ conditions. This study elucidated the pivotal role of diel N cycling and ecological niche competition in driving N retention and self-purification capacity in eutrophic well-lit shallow systems.

广泛分布的浅湖/池塘接收大量人为活性氮(N)输入，成为全球水生生态系统的脆弱组成部分。然而，在这些系统中控制氮保留的机制仍然没有得到充分的探索。我们结合15N示踪标记技术和分子分析来量化中国南方一个热带浅湖（<；1 m深度）的N转化网络，包括水柱中铵态氮（NH4+）吸收、再矿化、硝态氮（NO3−）吸收和硝化作用与沉积N去除能力。高分辨率日报社监测（在36小时内每2小时）显示，日报社中NH4+的显著波动是由白天浮游植物的吸收（高达8.5 μ M h- 1）和颗粒有机氮（PN）的NH4+再生（高达12.3 μ M h- 1）驱动的。相比之下，NO3−保持稳定，浮游植物的吸收或通过硝化作用产生的NO3−可以忽略不计。NH4+和PN之间的相互转移形成了一个闭合的N环。尽管夜间NH4+可用性充足，但硝化作用几乎不存在，这可以通过低氮化物基因丰度（amo A = 0拷贝/mL， amo B≤8 × 103拷贝/mL）来证明，这表明浮游植物的竞争性排斥。这种抑制硝化作用限制了沉积物的NO3−供应，并可能限制了反硝化作用，特别是由上覆水扩散所贡献的反硝化作用，尽管测量的反硝化速率表明在NO3−升高的条件下具有很强的潜力。本研究阐明了富营养化光照良好的浅层生态系统中氮循环和生态位竞争在驱动氮保持和自净化能力中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Extraneous water in sewer systems: A Comprehensive review on sewer infiltration and inflow quantification, localization and mitigation 下水道系统中的外来水：下水道渗透和流入量化、定位和缓解的综合综述

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100426

Hao Zhang , Haifeng Jia , Adriaan Mels , Huub Rijnaarts , Wei-Shan Chen

Sanitary sewer systems are designed to convey wastewater from households and industries to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); however, in most cases they also collect a considerable amount of additional water via infiltration and inflow (I/I). I/I not only increases the conveyance and treatment burden but also places threats on sewer overflow and ground collapse. The various sources of I/I and sewer components (i.e., sewer mains, sewer laterals and maintenance holes) and their interactions make the I/I detection, analysis and mitigation challenging in practice. Abundant research has addressed I/I quantification, I/I localization and sewer rehabilitation respectively, which provides substantial amount of knowledge and data for advising I/I mitigation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systemic overview of these research efforts and an integral analysis and synthesis of these research outcomes (including knowledge, tools, methods and data), which hinders the effective use of these researches for advising on I/I mitigation and advancing future research. To address this gap, a systematic review was conducted. The study synthesized the suitability and limitations of various quantification methods, assessed the applicability of I/I localizaiton methods across different contexts, and developed a data-driven model to estimate I/I reduction effectiveness based on the rehabilitation degree of sewer-network components, including sewer mains, sewer laterals, and maintenance holes to support planning of future I/I mitigation and sewer rehabilitation. To this end, correlating the extent of sewer-component-specific rehabilitation and the I/I reduction rate may be a potential data-driven approach to support I/I mitigation, as briefly demonstrated in this study.

卫生下水道系统的设计目的是将家庭和工业废水输送到污水处理厂；然而，在大多数情况下，它们也通过入渗和流入（I/I）收集相当多的额外水。I/I不仅增加了运输和处理负担，而且对下水道溢流和地面塌陷构成威胁。I/I的各种来源和下水道组成部分（即下水道总管道、下水道横向和维修孔）及其相互作用使I/I的检测、分析和缓解在实践中具有挑战性。大量的研究分别解决了污染/污染量化、污染/污染定位和下水道修复问题，为减少污染/污染提供了大量的知识和数据。然而，缺乏对这些研究工作的系统概述以及对这些研究成果（包括知识、工具、方法和数据）的整体分析和综合，这妨碍了有效利用这些研究，就缓解I/I问题提供咨询意见和推进未来的研究。为了解决这一差距，进行了系统审查。该研究综合了各种量化方法的适用性和局限性，评估了不同背景下I/I定位方法的适用性，并开发了一个数据驱动的模型，基于下水道网络组件（包括下水道总管、下水道横向和维修孔）的修复程度来估计I/I减少效果，以支持未来I/I缓解和下水道修复的规划。为此，将下水道特定组分的修复程度与I/I减少率联系起来，可能是一种潜在的数据驱动方法，以支持减少I/I，本研究简要说明了这一点。

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引用次数: 0

Making Waves: Harnessing microbial stress responses for nanoparticle-enabled resource recovery 掀起波澜：利用微生物应激反应进行纳米颗粒资源回收

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100427

Alfonz Kedves , Edit Mikó , Zoltán Kónya

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly present in wastewater systems and typically regarded as contaminants. This perspective explores a counterintuitive strategy: introducing low concentrations (≤5 mg/L) of ENPs, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, or magnetite—into wastewater to stimulate microbial production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS forms a protective matrix that binds metals and pollutants and can be selectively recovered prior to anaerobic digestion. While excessive EPS may impair digestion processes, early recovery enables its reuse as a biologically derived, slow-release fertilizer. These EPS–NP composites could deliver essential micronutrients in a controlled, biodegradable form. We propose a conceptual framework for this transformation, outlining technical feasibility, ecological risk, and regulatory considerations. Though not an experimental study, this work emphasizes the potential of microbial stress engineering as a tool for circular wastewater management. To our knowledge, this is the first framework proposing ENP-triggered EPS recovery for agricultural nutrient recycling.

工程纳米颗粒（ENPs）越来越多地出现在废水系统中，通常被视为污染物。这一观点探索了一种违反直觉的策略：将低浓度（≤5mg /L）的ENPs（如氧化锌、氧化铜或磁铁矿）引入废水中，以刺激微生物生产细胞外聚合物（EPS）。EPS形成一种保护基质，结合金属和污染物，可以在厌氧消化之前选择性地回收。虽然过多的EPS可能会损害消化过程，但早期回收可以使其作为生物衍生的缓释肥料重新使用。这些EPS-NP复合材料可以以可控的、可生物降解的形式提供必需的微量营养素。我们为这一转变提出了一个概念性框架，概述了技术可行性、生态风险和监管考虑。虽然不是一项实验研究，但这项工作强调了微生物应激工程作为循环废水管理工具的潜力。据我们所知，这是第一个提出enp触发的农业养分回收的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Mobility data for reduced uncertainties in model-based WWTP design 基于模型的污水处理厂设计中减少不确定性的迁移率数据

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100418

Oscar Samuelsson , Erik U. Lindblom , Kenneth Djupsjö , Linda Kanders , Lluís Corominas

Model-based design is an emerging tool for dealing with the uncertain dynamic loads entering wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). But our understanding about the load-driving population-dynamics is limited. Therefore, we studied if mobility data (mobile telecommunications data) could be used to reduce uncertainties during design. Mobility data from Uppsala, Sweden between 2019–2022 clearly quantified population movement patterns that were useful for simulating load scenarios such as seasonal load-shifts, without data gaps from irregular influent sampling. Further, they showed fair correlations with the daily influent nitrogen load (R² = 0.49), which resulted in a more precise person load estimate than assuming a static population (23 % reduced variance). Unfortunately, BOD load variations showed little correlation with the population variations (R² = 0.21). Nevertheless, model-based reactor sizing based on mobility data successfully reduced the de-/nitrification volume safety factor with 5 percentage points, which demonstrates their practical usefulness for WWTP design.

基于模型的设计是一种新兴的处理污水处理厂不确定动态负荷的工具。但我们对负荷驱动的种群动态的理解是有限的。因此，我们研究是否可以使用移动性数据（移动通信数据）来减少设计中的不确定性。来自瑞典乌普萨拉（Uppsala）的2019-2022年期间的流动数据清楚地量化了人口流动模式，这对于模拟季节性负荷变化等负荷情景非常有用，没有不规则进水抽样的数据缺口。此外，它们显示出与每日进水氮负荷的公平相关性（R2 = 0.49），这导致比假设静态种群（减少23%方差）更精确的人负荷估计。不幸的是，BOD负荷变化与种群变化的相关性很小（R2 = 0.21）。然而，基于迁移率数据的基于模型的反应器尺寸成功地将脱/硝化体积安全系数降低了5个百分点，这证明了它们在污水处理厂设计中的实际用途。

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引用次数: 0

Digital water 数字水

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100405

Peter M. Bach , Elena Torfs , Wei Zeng

引用次数: 0

Governance challenges in water data management: Insights from the application of the practitioner governance assessment tool in Palestine 水数据管理中的治理挑战：来自巴勒斯坦实践者治理评估工具应用的见解

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100399

Amro Wawi, Gül Özerol

As data becomes increasingly crucial for the water sector, understanding the governance context surrounding its management becomes essential. In Palestine, the Water Sector Regulatory Council was established as part of the broader sector reform, with a mandate to monitor the performance of water service providers through its database system. We apply the practitioner version of the Governance Assessment Tool to assess how the governance context supports or hinders the implementation of the water data management requirements within the water sector reform. Four criteria (completeness, coherence, flexibility, and pressure for change) were used to assess the governance context along four dimensions (actors and networks, problem perceptions and goal ambitions, strategies and instruments, and responsibilities and resources). The results indicate that governance context supports the implementation of requirements through the policy instruments developed for this purpose, the stakeholders’ flexibility and their pressure for change. Resources and responsibilities are the most hindering, primarily due to financial limitations, institutional fragmentation, and the political conflict. A lack of cross-organizational collaboration and limited awareness of the strategic value of data among service providers also hinder water data management. The study reveals that technical solutions alone are insufficient; they should be equipped with sustainable resources and strategic alignment across actors.

随着数据对水务部门变得越来越重要，了解其管理的治理环境变得至关重要。在巴勒斯坦，设立了水部门管理理事会，作为更广泛的部门改革的一部分，其任务是通过其数据库系统监测供水服务提供者的业绩。我们运用“治理评估工具”的实践者版本来评估治理环境如何支持或阻碍水务部门改革中水数据管理要求的实施。四个标准（完整性、一致性、灵活性和变革压力）被用来沿着四个维度（参与者和网络、问题感知和目标抱负、战略和工具、责任和资源）评估治理环境。结果表明，治理环境通过为此目的而开发的政策工具、涉众的灵活性和他们对变化的压力来支持需求的实现。资源和责任是最大的障碍，主要是由于财政限制、机构分裂和政治冲突。服务提供商之间缺乏跨组织协作和对数据战略价值的有限认识也阻碍了水数据管理。研究表明，仅靠技术解决方案是不够的；它们应配备可持续的资源和跨行为者的战略协调。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrous oxide production, truncated denitrification pathways, and omics-informed process modeling in a denitrifying phosphorus removal bioprocess 氧化亚氮生产，截断的反硝化途径，并在反硝化除磷生物过程组学知情的过程建模

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100391

McKenna Farmer , Fabrizio Sabba , George Wells

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a potent greenhouse gas produced as an unintentional, undesired byproduct in nitrogen removal bioprocesses, particularly in shortcut nitrogen removal or simultaneous nitrification-denitrification configurations that produce nitrite (NO₂⁻) as a key intermediate. Similarly, denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) offers carbon and energy savings but can produce N₂O in excess of conventional processes, making sustainability benefits less clear. This study assesses a DPR reactor fed with NO₂⁻ to understand N₂O production and mechanisms with different carbon sources, volatile fatty acids and glucose. N₂O production up to 50 % of influent nitrogen was observed when the reactor was fed both propionate and glucose. Through 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we found that Candidatus Accumulibacter were the dominant phosphorus accumulating organism (PAO) and encoded a complete denitrification pathway. We also found abundant populations of denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) and ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHO) with truncated denitrification pathways. We developed an omics-informed process model to assess the impact of truncated denitrification pathways on N₂O predictions. We found that modeled N₂O profiles were the most similar to observed results when the denitrification pathways of PAO, GAO, and OHO model populations reflected denitrification gene abundances from the metagenomic sequencing analysis. Overall, our work provides insights into N₂O production by DPAO and DGAO, provides evidence for direct glucose-driven denitrifying P uptake by Ca. Accumulibacter DPAO, and demonstrates the utility of simple omics-informed process models in predicting N₂O trends.

氧化亚氮（N2O）是一种强有力的温室气体，是脱氮生物过程中无意产生的副产品，特别是在短程脱氮或同时硝化-反硝化配置中，产生亚硝酸盐（NO2−）作为关键中间体。同样，反硝化除磷（DPR）可以节省碳和能源，但会产生超过传统工艺的N2O，使可持续性效益不太明显。为了了解不同碳源、挥发性脂肪酸和葡萄糖条件下N2O的生成及其机制，本研究对一个添加NO2−的DPR反应器进行了评估。当反应器同时饲喂丙酸盐和葡萄糖时，观察到N2O产量高达50%的进水氮。通过16S rRNA扩增子和霰弹枪宏基因组测序，我们发现蓄积菌（Candidatus Accumulibacter）是优势的磷积累生物（PAO），并编码了完整的反硝化途径。我们还发现了大量反硝化糖原积累生物（GAO）和普通异养生物（OHO）的反硝化途径被截断。我们开发了一个基于组学的过程模型来评估截断反硝化途径对N2O预测的影响。我们发现，当PAO、GAO和OHO模型群体的反硝化途径反映了宏基因组测序分析的反硝化基因丰度时，模拟的N2O谱与观察到的结果最相似。总的来说，我们的工作提供了对DPAO和DGAO产生N2O的见解，为Ca. Accumulibacter DPAO直接葡萄糖驱动的反硝化P吸收提供了证据，并证明了简单的组学过程模型在预测N2O趋势方面的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Use of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor to control biofilm thickness and optimize hybrid membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) performance 利用MABR指纹软传感器控制生物膜厚度，优化混合膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）的性能

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100432

Yi Cao, Glen T. Daigger

Installing commercial membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) units into existing systems to form hybrid MABRs us ab emerging approach to increase wastewater treatment capacity and enhance nutrient removal due to tightened discharge regulations and growing populations. Biofilm thickness is identified as a critical parameter affecting MABR performance. To monitor biofilm thickness and develop a biofilm thickness control strategy for practical full-scale MABR units, this study develops the MABR fingerprint soft sensor as the linear relationship between off-gas oxygen content (% O₂) and bulk ammonia concentration (mg-N/L) under diurnally varying loading conditions. Simulations were conducted to test the implementation of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor in MABR units in a completely mixed tank and MABR units arranged in series. Results indicate that relatively thin biofilms, quantified by a higher numerical value of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric, should be maintained for the single-stage hybrid MABRs and in the initial stage for MABRs in series to optimize nitrification and denitrification simultaneously. The MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric can serve as a proactive signal to indicate biofilm thickness changes before noticeable deviations in performance occur. The numerical value of the MABR fingerprint soft sensor metric associated with optimal process performance was found to be relatively consistent over a range of process loadings and operation conditions, including temperature variations, wet weather flow conditions, and varying wastewater characteristics. A general procedure to implement the MABR fingerprint soft sensor to optimize the performance in the large-scale hybrid MABRs is provided.

在现有的系统中安装商用膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）单元，形成混合型MABR，是一种新兴的方法，可以提高废水处理能力，提高营养去除能力，这是由于排放法规的收紧和人口的增长。生物膜厚度被认为是影响MABR性能的关键参数。为了监测生物膜厚度并为实际的全尺寸MABR装置开发生物膜厚度控制策略，本研究开发了MABR指纹软传感器，作为在日变化负载条件下的烟气氧含量（% O2）和散装氨浓度（mg-N/L）之间的线性关系。通过仿真测试了MABR指纹软传感器在完全混合槽内MABR单元和MABR单元串联上的实现情况。结果表明，单级混合MABR和串联MABR的初始阶段应保持相对较薄的生物膜，以较高的数值量化MABR指纹软测量指标，以同时优化硝化和反硝化。MABR指纹软传感器指标可以作为主动信号，在明显的性能偏差发生之前指示生物膜厚度的变化。与最佳工艺性能相关的MABR指纹软传感器指标的数值在一系列工艺负荷和操作条件下相对一致，包括温度变化、潮湿天气流量条件和不同的废水特性。为了优化大规模混合MABR指纹软传感器的性能，给出了实现MABR指纹软传感器的一般程序。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial risks and nutrient loading impacts of centralized treatment and converged wastewater discharge under dynamic coastal current 动态海流条件下污水集中处理和汇流排放的微生物风险及养分负荷影响

IF 8.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research X

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2025.100442

Linus S.H. Lo , Jingyu Liu , Jiejun Luo , Peiyuan Ye , Zhijun Dai , Yangjian Cheng , Ahmed Noor Muhammad , Patrick K.H. Lee , Jinping Cheng

Coastal ecosystems are increasingly affected by anthropogenic activities and land-based pollution, necessitating improved wastewater treatment systems and management strategies to ensure safe and sustainable usage. Using Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong as a model system, this study evaluates the ecological and water quality impacts of the combined centralizing and upgrading of preliminary wastewater treatment through contemporary monthly environmental DNA metabarcoding and long-term historical environmental monitoring data. Our findings indicate that while centralized chemically enhanced primary treatment significantly reduced phosphorus and microbial pollution in the study region when compared to historical baselines, the relocation of effluent discharge points reshaped microbial community structures in the direct effluent-receiving site VM7 with reduced Cyanobacteria. Beyond temperature as the seasonality indicator, parameters such as salinity, 5-day biological oxygen demand, and nitrite nitrogen were major contributors shaping the variation in microbial community composition. Under dynamic hydrodynamic conditions, VM7 could be a higher risk accumulation zone, enriching pathogens such as Bacteroides vulgatus. Temporally, elevated nitrogen concentration, particularly during the warm and wet season, were exacerbated by land runoff and rainfall-driven deposition, coinciding with increased pathogen prevalence. Seasonal analyses revealed that microbial activity and nutrient pollution were higher in the wet season, while key nitrogen transformation pathways, such as denitrification, decreased in the dry season. Comprehensive pathogen screening identified 27 potentially pathogenic bacterial species, predominantly at low abundances but with higher diversity at the effluent outfall. Notably, human pathogens increased during the wet season, raising health risks, although antibiotic resistance genes were not shown to be enriched. These results underscore the need for integrating spatial and temporal heterogeneity into environmental impact assessments to accurately capture risk dynamics. Emphasizing site-specific monitoring and management approaches is crucial for mitigating nutrient imbalances and microbial pollution, thus safeguarding coastal ecosystem health and public safety. This work provides essential insights for optimizing wastewater treatment and environmental management practices in coastal regions facing similar pollution challenges.

沿海生态系统日益受到人为活动和陆地污染的影响，需要改进废水处理系统和管理战略，以确保安全和可持续的使用。本研究以香港维多利亚港为模型系统，通过当代月度环境DNA元条形码和长期历史环境监测数据，评估污水初步处理集中升级联合处理对生态和水质的影响。我们的研究结果表明，虽然与历史基线相比，集中化学强化一级处理显著降低了研究区域的磷和微生物污染，但污水排放点的迁移重塑了直接污水接收点VM7的微生物群落结构，减少了蓝藻。除了温度作为季节性指标外，盐度、5天生物需氧量和亚硝酸盐氮等参数是影响微生物群落组成变化的主要因素。在动态水动力条件下，VM7可能是高危富集区，富集普通拟杆菌等病原菌。从时间上看，氮浓度升高，特别是在暖季和雨季，因土地径流和降雨驱动的沉积而加剧，与病原体流行率增加相一致。季节分析表明，微生物活性和养分污染在丰水季较高，而关键的氮转化途径，如反硝化作用，在旱季减少。综合病原体筛选鉴定出27种潜在致病性细菌，主要是低丰度，但在出水处具有较高的多样性。值得注意的是，人类病原体在雨季增加，增加了健康风险，尽管抗生素抗性基因并未显示出增加。这些结果强调了将空间和时间异质性纳入环境影响评估以准确捕捉风险动态的必要性。强调特定地点的监测和管理方法对于减轻营养失衡和微生物污染至关重要，从而维护沿海生态系统健康和公共安全。这项工作为面临类似污染挑战的沿海地区优化废水处理和环境管理实践提供了重要见解。

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