Despite limited experience with Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), the general public has been developing beliefs and attitudes about them. These expected benefits, concerns, trust, and other psychological factors play an important role in the way of accepting and adopting this new technology and as such should be available to various stakeholders. This study surveys the Czech public perceptions and attitudes relevant to policy-making in the area of CAVs. Between November 2017 and January 2018, a representative survey was conducted among the general population in the Czech Republic. Overall, 1 065 randomly selected persons aged above 15 were personally interviewed. The sample, there were 523 (49%) women; the average age was 50 years (SD = 17). Results showed that more than 65% of participants (i.e. 693) heard about CAVs before the survey. At the same time, 87% of the respondents with previous knowledge of the topic (i.e. 586) declared only limited awareness regarding CAVs. When it comes to the general opinion on CAVs, almost 40% of the respondents stated "rather positive" or "very positive" view. Also, more than 50% of the respondents associated wide usage of CAVs with better traffic safety. The majority of those sharing the negative opinion was members of an older generation, achieved a lower educational level and having lower household income. When it comes to the policy recommendations, the first wave of implementation should focus on applications in the more structured and controlled environment such as airports or metro.
{"title":"Public opinion on connected and automated vehicles: the Czech context","authors":"Vít Gabrhel, Stanislav Ježek, Darina Havlícková","doi":"10.5507/tots.2019.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2019.011","url":null,"abstract":"Despite limited experience with Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), the general public has been developing beliefs and attitudes about them. These expected benefits, concerns, trust, and other psychological factors play an important role in the way of accepting and adopting this new technology and as such should be available to various stakeholders. This study surveys the Czech public perceptions and attitudes relevant to policy-making in the area of CAVs. Between November 2017 and January 2018, a representative survey was conducted among the general population in the Czech Republic. Overall, 1 065 randomly selected persons aged above 15 were personally interviewed. The sample, there were 523 (49%) women; the average age was 50 years (SD = 17). Results showed that more than 65% of participants (i.e. 693) heard about CAVs before the survey. At the same time, 87% of the respondents with previous knowledge of the topic (i.e. 586) declared only limited awareness regarding CAVs. When it comes to the general opinion on CAVs, almost 40% of the respondents stated \"rather positive\" or \"very positive\" view. Also, more than 50% of the respondents associated wide usage of CAVs with better traffic safety. The majority of those sharing the negative opinion was members of an older generation, achieved a lower educational level and having lower household income. When it comes to the policy recommendations, the first wave of implementation should focus on applications in the more structured and controlled environment such as airports or metro.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78056415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autonomous driving is a topic that generates great interest and social debate in the field of transport and road safety. Professionals working on vehicle technologies, telecommunications engineers, and vehicle manufacturers say it is an imminent reality and that autonomous vehicles will be available in the near future. But there are still many issues to be resolved and many challenges to overcome. However, the opinion of end users has not been explored very much so far. This study aims to investigate the beliefs and expectations of 138 Spanish driving students about autonomous driving, through an online questionnaire designed "ad hoc". Descriptive statistics and frequencies were determined for appropriate demographic variables such as gender, age range, and study level, or employment status. An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare how the students would feel if they used an autonomous vehicle, preference for using the autonomous vehicle in different situations, advantages and disadvantages of autonomous driving, and some concerns about autonomous driving by gender. Results showed that 77.5% of driving learners thought of an autonomous vehicle as a vehicle with a system that is able travel alone, but that the driver can drive manually at will; 39.9% thought that vehicles that do not need a driver are a very useful system; and 35, 5% believed that such cars would be available between 2017 and 2020, although 79% did not consider buying an autonomous vehicle. In the event of an accident, 50% of the students believed that the driver and the vehicle manufacturer should share the responsibility. Regarding preferences, 73.2% preferred to drive themselves rather than ride in an autonomous vehicle because driving is a pleasure for 51.4%, and they would only use it in case of alcohol, drug, or medicine consumption, or when fatigued, stressed, or in a monotonous driving situation. Public policies and manufacturers should take these results into consideration.
{"title":"Beliefs and expectations of driving learners about autonomous driving","authors":"Ana Martí-Belda, Patricia Bosó, Ignacio Lijarcio","doi":"10.5507/tots.2019.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2019.005","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous driving is a topic that generates great interest and social debate in the field of transport and road safety. Professionals working on vehicle technologies, telecommunications engineers, and vehicle manufacturers say it is an imminent reality and that autonomous vehicles will be available in the near future. But there are still many issues to be resolved and many challenges to overcome. However, the opinion of end users has not been explored very much so far. This study aims to investigate the beliefs and expectations of 138 Spanish driving students about autonomous driving, through an online questionnaire designed \"ad hoc\". Descriptive statistics and frequencies were determined for appropriate demographic variables such as gender, age range, and study level, or employment status. An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare how the students would feel if they used an autonomous vehicle, preference for using the autonomous vehicle in different situations, advantages and disadvantages of autonomous driving, and some concerns about autonomous driving by gender. Results showed that 77.5% of driving learners thought of an autonomous vehicle as a vehicle with a system that is able travel alone, but that the driver can drive manually at will; 39.9% thought that vehicles that do not need a driver are a very useful system; and 35, 5% believed that such cars would be available between 2017 and 2020, although 79% did not consider buying an autonomous vehicle. In the event of an accident, 50% of the students believed that the driver and the vehicle manufacturer should share the responsibility. Regarding preferences, 73.2% preferred to drive themselves rather than ride in an autonomous vehicle because driving is a pleasure for 51.4%, and they would only use it in case of alcohol, drug, or medicine consumption, or when fatigued, stressed, or in a monotonous driving situation. Public policies and manufacturers should take these results into consideration.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89663599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a smooth, safe and comfortable cooperation of all actors in traffic good communication is essential. In view of the progressing automation in traffic the impacts on communication have to be considered. This paper puts a special focus on car automation's impact on the communication between road users including interaction between highly automated vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRUs). The main research objective was to develop relevant assumptions concerning changing conditions of communication. To reach this objective, interviews with experts were carried out. The results show that various developments between the two poles - (1) implementation controlled by certain societal strategies or (2) implementation that just takes its course - are considered possible. Enhanced automation could lead to the decrease in the use of interpersonal communication while the use of digital communication gains the upper hand. Such a development, on the one hand is seen as a chance for the improvement of traffic safety and efficiency. On the other hand, interviewed experts also identify risks such as misunderstandings between VRUs and automated cars, with fatal outcomes, or reductions in traffic flow. This is expected to be the case especially during the transition phase where vehicles with different degrees of automation are on the road and where many road users outside vehicles move about, e.g. in densely inhabited areas, where ~70% of the citizens in industrial countries live nowadays.
{"title":"Communication between road users and the influence of increased car automation","authors":"C. Chaloupka, R. Risser","doi":"10.5507/tots.2019.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2019.014","url":null,"abstract":"For a smooth, safe and comfortable cooperation of all actors in traffic good communication is essential. In view of the progressing automation in traffic the impacts on communication have to be considered. This paper puts a special focus on car automation's impact on the communication between road users including interaction between highly automated vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRUs). The main research objective was to develop relevant assumptions concerning changing conditions of communication. To reach this objective, interviews with experts were carried out. The results show that various developments between the two poles - (1) implementation controlled by certain societal strategies or (2) implementation that just takes its course - are considered possible. Enhanced automation could lead to the decrease in the use of interpersonal communication while the use of digital communication gains the upper hand. Such a development, on the one hand is seen as a chance for the improvement of traffic safety and efficiency. On the other hand, interviewed experts also identify risks such as misunderstandings between VRUs and automated cars, with fatal outcomes, or reductions in traffic flow. This is expected to be the case especially during the transition phase where vehicles with different degrees of automation are on the road and where many road users outside vehicles move about, e.g. in densely inhabited areas, where ~70% of the citizens in industrial countries live nowadays.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85660436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ann-Christin Hensch, I. Neumann, Matthias Beggiato, Josephine Halama, J. Krems
Communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and vulnerable road users (VRUs) is highly relevant in coordinating traffic maneuvers and therefore ensuring road safety. Especially in shared spaces such as parking areas, communication is highly important. As automated driving changes the driver's role, communication between different traffic participants will also change. External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) may enhance safety and effective communication between VRUs and AVs by providing relevant information to other traffic participants if informal communication is insufficient. Hence, a variety of information (e.g., about AVs' driving mode or future maneuvers) is recommended to be communicated to VRUs. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three different light signals, presented by a light bar placed on the test vehicle's roof, as a form of an eHMI: automation mode, starting mode and crossing mode. Moreover, two different driving conditions (i.e., a manual and a simulated automated driving condition) were implemented to investigate the effects between these conditions. Either the driver was visible in the manual condition or the vehicle appeared driverless as a seat suit covered the driver in the simulated automated condition (Wizard-of-Oz design). A total of N = 173 random pedestrians passing by were interviewed and behavioral data were collected from over 1500 pedestrians. Results indicate that participants felt significantly safer during the interaction with the vehicle when a driver was visible. Although VRUs evaluated the general approach of applying light signals as eHMIs for AVs as useful, they assessed the presented light signals as only partially trustworthy and rather unintuitive. Moreover, many participants were unsure of whether the light signals were directed towards them, thus the directedness of light signals should be considered when implementing a light-based eHMI in AVs. Further, moving light signals attracted more attention (i.e., increased pedestrians' head movements towards the vehicle) than a steady or no light signal did. Interestingly, no difference existed between the investigated steady light signal and the baseline condition (i.e., no light signal) regarding head movements towards the vehicle. The results underline the importance of implementing an appropriate eHMI design in AVs.
{"title":"Effects of a light-based communication approach as an external HMI for Automated Vehicles - a Wizard-of-Oz Study","authors":"Ann-Christin Hensch, I. Neumann, Matthias Beggiato, Josephine Halama, J. Krems","doi":"10.5507/tots.2019.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/tots.2019.012","url":null,"abstract":"Communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and vulnerable road users (VRUs) is highly relevant in coordinating traffic maneuvers and therefore ensuring road safety. Especially in shared spaces such as parking areas, communication is highly important. As automated driving changes the driver's role, communication between different traffic participants will also change. External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) may enhance safety and effective communication between VRUs and AVs by providing relevant information to other traffic participants if informal communication is insufficient. Hence, a variety of information (e.g., about AVs' driving mode or future maneuvers) is recommended to be communicated to VRUs. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three different light signals, presented by a light bar placed on the test vehicle's roof, as a form of an eHMI: automation mode, starting mode and crossing mode. Moreover, two different driving conditions (i.e., a manual and a simulated automated driving condition) were implemented to investigate the effects between these conditions. Either the driver was visible in the manual condition or the vehicle appeared driverless as a seat suit covered the driver in the simulated automated condition (Wizard-of-Oz design). A total of N = 173 random pedestrians passing by were interviewed and behavioral data were collected from over 1500 pedestrians. Results indicate that participants felt significantly safer during the interaction with the vehicle when a driver was visible. Although VRUs evaluated the general approach of applying light signals as eHMIs for AVs as useful, they assessed the presented light signals as only partially trustworthy and rather unintuitive. Moreover, many participants were unsure of whether the light signals were directed towards them, thus the directedness of light signals should be considered when implementing a light-based eHMI in AVs. Further, moving light signals attracted more attention (i.e., increased pedestrians' head movements towards the vehicle) than a steady or no light signal did. Interestingly, no difference existed between the investigated steady light signal and the baseline condition (i.e., no light signal) regarding head movements towards the vehicle. The results underline the importance of implementing an appropriate eHMI design in AVs.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79166267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the undeniable benefits of cycling, this mode of transport is still somewhat underdeveloped in many European countries such as in the Czech Republic. The limited number of trips by bike may be explained by the objective factors, like the natural environment inconvenient for cycling. However, objective factors play the role only to some degree. There are also subjective or psychological factors associated with choosing a mode of transport. This study focuses on the perceptions and attitudes related to riding a bicycle. The data was collected through a survey in the Czech municipality Litoměřice, as a part of Litoměřice's sustainable urban mobility plan. The sample consisted of 1 301 inhabitants of Litoměřice of the age of 6 and older. The mean age was 48 years and the median age 49 years. Women represented 52% (682 persons) of the sample. Overall, 34% (i.e. 400) respondents stated that they ride bicycles as their leisure. Another 10% (111) of them also ride a bike when they travel to work, school or shop. The remaining 57% (i.e. 671) of the respondents indicated that they do not cycle at all. Also, the respondents answered 12 statements covering their opinions related to cycling in Litoměřice based on the theory of planned behaviour. Answers of the respondents on these variables correlated and the exploratory factor analysis with the minimum residual estimator and varimax rotation indicated three underlying factors. The first one contained attitudes towards traffic safety when riding a bike and the state of cycling infrastructure in Litoměřice. The second factor represented subjective views on the landscape as a barrier for cycling in Litoměřice. The third factor reflected the normative dimension of cycling. Multinomial logistic regression included subjective views as well as socio-demography in the model predicting bicycle usage. It was found that when a person valued cycling in terms of norms, this person was more likely to ride a bicycle in comparison to a person who indicated no cycling at all. Also, respondents who cycled did not tend to see the landscape in Litoměřice as something discouraging them from riding a bike, at least in comparison to those who did not cycle at all. Finally, respondents who saw the current traffic in Litoměřice as safe for cyclists, as well as those who considered the cycling infrastructure as developed, were less likely to be those who rode a bike in reality. These findings could be used for the preparation as well as for the implementation of the transport policy as they reveal psychological barriers for riding a bike. Also, the results of this study provide support for including psychological measures in sustainable urban mobility plans, as well as in travel behaviour surveys in general.
{"title":"Feeling like cycling? Psychological factors related to cycling as a mode choice","authors":"Vít Gabrhel","doi":"10.5507/TOTS.2019.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/TOTS.2019.006","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the undeniable benefits of cycling, this mode of transport is still somewhat underdeveloped in many European countries such as in the Czech Republic. The limited number of trips by bike may be explained by the objective factors, like the natural environment inconvenient for cycling. However, objective factors play the role only to some degree. There are also subjective or psychological factors associated with choosing a mode of transport. This study focuses on the perceptions and attitudes related to riding a bicycle. The data was collected through a survey in the Czech municipality Litoměřice, as a part of Litoměřice's sustainable urban mobility plan. The sample consisted of 1 301 inhabitants of Litoměřice of the age of 6 and older. The mean age was 48 years and the median age 49 years. Women represented 52% (682 persons) of the sample. Overall, 34% (i.e. 400) respondents stated that they ride bicycles as their leisure. Another 10% (111) of them also ride a bike when they travel to work, school or shop. The remaining 57% (i.e. 671) of the respondents indicated that they do not cycle at all. Also, the respondents answered 12 statements covering their opinions related to cycling in Litoměřice based on the theory of planned behaviour. Answers of the respondents on these variables correlated and the exploratory factor analysis with the minimum residual estimator and varimax rotation indicated three underlying factors. The first one contained attitudes towards traffic safety when riding a bike and the state of cycling infrastructure in Litoměřice. The second factor represented subjective views on the landscape as a barrier for cycling in Litoměřice. The third factor reflected the normative dimension of cycling. Multinomial logistic regression included subjective views as well as socio-demography in the model predicting bicycle usage. It was found that when a person valued cycling in terms of norms, this person was more likely to ride a bicycle in comparison to a person who indicated no cycling at all. Also, respondents who cycled did not tend to see the landscape in Litoměřice as something discouraging them from riding a bike, at least in comparison to those who did not cycle at all. Finally, respondents who saw the current traffic in Litoměřice as safe for cyclists, as well as those who considered the cycling infrastructure as developed, were less likely to be those who rode a bike in reality. These findings could be used for the preparation as well as for the implementation of the transport policy as they reveal psychological barriers for riding a bike. Also, the results of this study provide support for including psychological measures in sustainable urban mobility plans, as well as in travel behaviour surveys in general.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85563741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roman Juránek, Jakub Špaňhel, Jakub Sochor, A. Herout, J. Novák
The goal of this work was to analyze the behavior of drivers on third class roads with and without horizontal lane marking. The roads have low traffic volume, and therefore a conventional short-term study would not be able to provide enough data. We used recording devices for long-term (weeks) recording of the traffic and designed a system for analyzing the trajectories of the vehicles by means of computer vision. We collected a dataset at 6 distinct locations, containing 1 010 hours of day-time video. In this dataset, we tracked over 12 000 cars and analyzed their trajectories. The results show that the selected approach is functional and provides information that would be difficult to mine otherwise. After application of the horizontal markings, the drivers slowed down and shifted slightly towards the outer side of the curve.
{"title":"Visual Analysis of Vehicle Trajectories for Determining Cross-Sectional Load Density","authors":"Roman Juránek, Jakub Špaňhel, Jakub Sochor, A. Herout, J. Novák","doi":"10.5507/TOTS.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/TOTS.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this work was to analyze the behavior of drivers on third class roads with and without horizontal lane marking. The roads have low traffic volume, and therefore a conventional short-term study would not be able to provide enough data. We used recording devices for long-term (weeks) recording of the traffic and designed a system for analyzing the trajectories of the vehicles by means of computer vision. We collected a dataset at 6 distinct locations, containing 1 010 hours of day-time video. In this dataset, we tracked over 12 000 cars and analyzed their trajectories. The results show that the selected approach is functional and provides information that would be difficult to mine otherwise. After application of the horizontal markings, the drivers slowed down and shifted slightly towards the outer side of the curve.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82089987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A prerequisite for any monetary estimation of economic losses arising from traffic congestion is a reliable estimate of the value of travel time. Although the available evidence from abroad reveals significant differences in the values of individual components of time travel, specific valuations of travel time are rather rare in the Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to expand the data base in the Czech Republic by presenting selected estimates of the travel time components for Czech drivers and passengers. Specifically, we elaborate on the value of travel time and time spent in congestion for medium-long domestic routes (represented by the Prague-Brno route). The results of our valuation study (N = 602) show that the value of travel time spent in congestion is almost twice as high as the value of travel time in free-flow traffic and suggest that the reduction of congestion and of the variation in travel time in general will bring significant economic benefits compared to shortening travel time in free-flow traffic. This evidence confirms the importance of distinguishing between different components of travel time when assessing the benefits of transport infrastructures. Importantly, our estimates of the value of travel time are much lower than those officially endorsed by Czech Ministry of Transport (MoT) for analysing benefits of new transport infrastructure.
{"title":"Valuation of travel time in free-flow and congested traffic and its reliability-estimates for Czech Republic","authors":"V. Máca, M. Kohlová","doi":"10.5507/TOTS.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/TOTS.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"A prerequisite for any monetary estimation of economic losses arising from traffic congestion is a reliable estimate of the value of travel time. Although the available evidence from abroad reveals significant differences in the values of individual components of time travel, specific valuations of travel time are rather rare in the Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to expand the data base in the Czech Republic by presenting selected estimates of the travel time components for Czech drivers and passengers. Specifically, we elaborate on the value of travel time and time spent in congestion for medium-long domestic routes (represented by the Prague-Brno route). The results of our valuation study (N = 602) show that the value of travel time spent in congestion is almost twice as high as the value of travel time in free-flow traffic and suggest that the reduction of congestion and of the variation in travel time in general will bring significant economic benefits compared to shortening travel time in free-flow traffic. This evidence confirms the importance of distinguishing between different components of travel time when assessing the benefits of transport infrastructures. Importantly, our estimates of the value of travel time are much lower than those officially endorsed by Czech Ministry of Transport (MoT) for analysing benefits of new transport infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81695007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trespassing on the railway is a very frequent behavior in the Czech Republic, resulting in approximately 200 deaths annually caused by train-person collisions. This paper studies the attitudes of citizens living near railways and in the immediate vicinity of one of the many illegal shortcuts. The objective of the survey was primarily to acquire information about factors contributing to decisions by various groups of residents to use or not to use an illegal shortcut. This information may be taken as a basis for implementing preventive measures, and in particular those of an awareness-raising character. The survey involved a total of 619 standardized face-to-face interviews conducted at 26 locations where an illegal shortcut occurs. Eighty-three percent of the respondents were aware that an illegal shortcut existed in the vicinity of their homes, and most were able also to describe its purpose, frequency of use, and typical users. Half of them use such shortcut themselves. The predominant reason for not using the shortcut was the absence of need, that is, it was not on their route (74%). Thirty-five percent perceived crossing the railway in the given spot as too dangerous, 7% as inconvenient, and 9% stated its illegality as the reason. Four percent of respondents who did not use the shortcut stated they feared being fined. Respondents who used the shortcut most frequently provided shortening a journey (85%) and habit (25%) as their reasons for doing so. Thirty percent of users feel worried when crossing - predominantly from fear of being hit by a train, less so because they might be fined. Answers to questions concerning general knowledge suggest the direction that awareness-raising should take. Almost 30% of the respondents believed they could cross the rails at practically any place so long as there was no sign with an explicit prohibition or a fence. Fifty-four percent considered crossing the rails to be safe if they look around first, and 70% claimed that a train can be heard well from far away. Estimates as to the numbers of victims of train-person collisions in the previous year were correct in 27% of the answers, while 53% of respondents estimated lower numbers and 20% estimated higher.
{"title":"Attitudes of inhabitants living in the vicinity of railroads on the matter of trespassing on the railway","authors":"P. Skládaná, P. Skládaný, P. Tučka","doi":"10.5507/TOTS.2019.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/TOTS.2019.010","url":null,"abstract":"Trespassing on the railway is a very frequent behavior in the Czech Republic, resulting in approximately 200 deaths annually caused by train-person collisions. This paper studies the attitudes of citizens living near railways and in the immediate vicinity of one of the many illegal shortcuts. The objective of the survey was primarily to acquire information about factors contributing to decisions by various groups of residents to use or not to use an illegal shortcut. This information may be taken as a basis for implementing preventive measures, and in particular those of an awareness-raising character. The survey involved a total of 619 standardized face-to-face interviews conducted at 26 locations where an illegal shortcut occurs. Eighty-three percent of the respondents were aware that an illegal shortcut existed in the vicinity of their homes, and most were able also to describe its purpose, frequency of use, and typical users. Half of them use such shortcut themselves. The predominant reason for not using the shortcut was the absence of need, that is, it was not on their route (74%). Thirty-five percent perceived crossing the railway in the given spot as too dangerous, 7% as inconvenient, and 9% stated its illegality as the reason. Four percent of respondents who did not use the shortcut stated they feared being fined. Respondents who used the shortcut most frequently provided shortening a journey (85%) and habit (25%) as their reasons for doing so. Thirty percent of users feel worried when crossing - predominantly from fear of being hit by a train, less so because they might be fined. Answers to questions concerning general knowledge suggest the direction that awareness-raising should take. Almost 30% of the respondents believed they could cross the rails at practically any place so long as there was no sign with an explicit prohibition or a fence. Fifty-four percent considered crossing the rails to be safe if they look around first, and 70% claimed that a train can be heard well from far away. Estimates as to the numbers of victims of train-person collisions in the previous year were correct in 27% of the answers, while 53% of respondents estimated lower numbers and 20% estimated higher.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88169331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bucsuházy Kateřina, M. Eva, Zůvala Robert, Moravcová Pavlína, Kostíková Martina, Mikulec Roman
The consequences of using and manipulating with a mobile phone while driving has a large negative effect on attention. Driver inattention is the major problem in road safety and generally belongs to the main causes of traffic accidents with a higher representation of rear impact and has been considered as a societal safety issue. Nowadays, distraction during driving has been very often connected with using a mobile phone. The aim of this study has been the analysis of using a mobile phone by accident participants during normal driving. For the purpose of this study, unique data about accident participants collected by Czech In-depth accident study has been used. The results have shown an increasing tendency of mobile phone use with an increase in annual mileage. There is also a greater risk of mobile phone use while driving among young drivers for up to 24 years. The analysis has also shown, that the drivers, who were assessed during the interview as a risky or aggressive, report more often handling of a mobile phone while driving, which contains all activities where is mobile phone actively used, without involving fine motor skills.
{"title":"Factors contributing on mobile phone use while driving: In-depth accident analysis","authors":"Bucsuházy Kateřina, M. Eva, Zůvala Robert, Moravcová Pavlína, Kostíková Martina, Mikulec Roman","doi":"10.5507/TOTS.2019.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/TOTS.2019.008","url":null,"abstract":"The consequences of using and manipulating with a mobile phone while driving has a large negative effect on attention. Driver inattention is the major problem in road safety and generally belongs to the main causes of traffic accidents with a higher representation of rear impact and has been considered as a societal safety issue. Nowadays, distraction during driving has been very often connected with using a mobile phone. The aim of this study has been the analysis of using a mobile phone by accident participants during normal driving. For the purpose of this study, unique data about accident participants collected by Czech In-depth accident study has been used. The results have shown an increasing tendency of mobile phone use with an increase in annual mileage. There is also a greater risk of mobile phone use while driving among young drivers for up to 24 years. The analysis has also shown, that the drivers, who were assessed during the interview as a risky or aggressive, report more often handling of a mobile phone while driving, which contains all activities where is mobile phone actively used, without involving fine motor skills.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81934378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article briefly presents discrete choice analysis as a method to investigate human judgment from an econometric perspective. It focuses on an analysis of the results of a survey on passengers in Slovakia that took place in 2014. The passenger survey addressed 811 respondents who made decisions regarding the choice of transport mode between car, train and bus in stated preference design. In addition, the results of the survey included the values of time in public transportation and for car users. The value of time for car users (3.86 EUR/h) is greater than value of time for public transport passengers (2.98 EUR/h for bus and 2.46 EUR/h for rail passengers). The value of time for leisure trips is greater than value of time for work commuting or other purposes.
{"title":"Discrete Choice Analysis of Travel Behaviour","authors":"M. Šimeček","doi":"10.5507/TOTS.2019.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/TOTS.2019.001","url":null,"abstract":"The article briefly presents discrete choice analysis as a method to investigate human judgment from an econometric perspective. It focuses on an analysis of the results of a survey on passengers in Slovakia that took place in 2014. The passenger survey addressed 811 respondents who made decisions regarding the choice of transport mode between car, train and bus in stated preference design. In addition, the results of the survey included the values of time in public transportation and for car users. The value of time for car users (3.86 EUR/h) is greater than value of time for public transport passengers (2.98 EUR/h for bus and 2.46 EUR/h for rail passengers). The value of time for leisure trips is greater than value of time for work commuting or other purposes.","PeriodicalId":52273,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Transport Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87690001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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