Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.7127
Joanna Majak, Andrzej Senderski, Bożena Wiskirska-Woźnica, Mariola Śliwińska-Kowalska
Introduction: Auditory Processing Disorders (APD) is a syndrome characterized by impairment of the perception of soundsverbal and non-verbal ones, and weakening cognitive abilities such as auditory attention and auditory memory. This symptoms occur despite correct functioning of the peripheral part of the organ of hearing. Aim: A review of the current literature on diagnostic criteria of APD and its subtypes, clinical symptoms in children, diagnostic procedures and methods and therapeutic interventions. Methods: The study was based on the guidelines of the British Audiological Society (BSA), the guidelines of the American Speech, Language and Hearing Society (ASHA) as well as a literature review in the PubMed database. Results: APD is divided into developmental (without an established cause), acquired (with an established cause) and secondary (a consequence of long-term peripheral hearing loss). Symptoms that indicate the likelihood of APD in schoolaged children include: poor school performance, problems with learning to read and write and understanding speech, difficulties in repeating and remembering information given by hearing and maintaining attention on the spoken word. APD diagnosis should be made by a specialist in audiology and phoniatrics based on a full battery of tests and consultations with a speech therapist, psychologist and pedagogue. The set of behavioral diagnostic tests should include both verbal and non-verbal tests, from at least three groups of tests: dichotic (e.g. dichotic digit test; DDT), evaluating temporal aspects of hearing (e.g. Frequency Pattern Test; FPT and Duration Pattern Test; DPT ) and low redundancy speech tests. The diagnosis can be made when the child is at least 7 years old, the result is below the norm in at least two tests evaluating different auditory processes and the child has previous been excluded from intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. The therapeutic procedure is based on active auditory training, specific for the deficit shown in the tests. It is important to improve the acoustic environment at school (FM systems) and to treat comorbidities. Conclusions: Diagnostics and therapy of APD requires a highly qualified team of specialists and should be carried out in centers specially prepared for this purpose.
{"title":"Auditory processing disorders in children – diagnosisand management","authors":"Joanna Majak, Andrzej Senderski, Bożena Wiskirska-Woźnica, Mariola Śliwińska-Kowalska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7127","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Auditory Processing Disorders (APD) is a syndrome characterized by impairment of the perception of soundsverbal and non-verbal ones, and weakening cognitive abilities such as auditory attention and auditory memory. This symptoms occur despite correct functioning of the peripheral part of the organ of hearing. Aim: A review of the current literature on diagnostic criteria of APD and its subtypes, clinical symptoms in children, diagnostic procedures and methods and therapeutic interventions. Methods: The study was based on the guidelines of the British Audiological Society (BSA), the guidelines of the American Speech, Language and Hearing Society (ASHA) as well as a literature review in the PubMed database. Results: APD is divided into developmental (without an established cause), acquired (with an established cause) and secondary (a consequence of long-term peripheral hearing loss). Symptoms that indicate the likelihood of APD in schoolaged children include: poor school performance, problems with learning to read and write and understanding speech, difficulties in repeating and remembering information given by hearing and maintaining attention on the spoken word. APD diagnosis should be made by a specialist in audiology and phoniatrics based on a full battery of tests and consultations with a speech therapist, psychologist and pedagogue. The set of behavioral diagnostic tests should include both verbal and non-verbal tests, from at least three groups of tests: dichotic (e.g. dichotic digit test; DDT), evaluating temporal aspects of hearing (e.g. Frequency Pattern Test; FPT and Duration Pattern Test; DPT ) and low redundancy speech tests. The diagnosis can be made when the child is at least 7 years old, the result is below the norm in at least two tests evaluating different auditory processes and the child has previous been excluded from intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. The therapeutic procedure is based on active auditory training, specific for the deficit shown in the tests. It is important to improve the acoustic environment at school (FM systems) and to treat comorbidities. Conclusions: Diagnostics and therapy of APD requires a highly qualified team of specialists and should be carried out in centers specially prepared for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.6906
Zuzanna Łukaszewicz-Moszyńska, Katarzyna Iwanicka-Pronicka, Magdalena Lachowska, Agnieszka Pastuszka, Kazimierz Niemczyk
ntroduction: This paper presents a boy with CAPOS syndrome (Cerebellar ataxia, Areflexia, Pes calvus, Optic atrophy, Sensorineural hearing loss) and postsynaptic auditory neuropathy who underwent bilateral, sequential cochlear implantation. Aim: The aim of the study is to describe the development of communication skills after bilateral cochlear implantation in a child with multiple disabilities including profound hearing loss and vision impairment. Material and methods: The patient’s medical history, including the results of diagnostic tests is presented. Sequential, bilateral cochlear implantation was performed at the age of 7 (right ear) and 8 years (left ear). Results: The results of audiometric tests confirmed postsynaptic auditory neuropathy. Molecular testing revealed a diseasecausing heterozygous c.3007C>A variant in the ATP1A3 gene encoding the Na+/K+ ATPase. 14 months after surgery, the ability to speak had not been regained, but the patient was able to distinguish the environmental sounds. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation is recommended for patients with CAPOS syndrome. The development of communication skills improved the functioning of the child in the family and school environment. Meaning: The results observed in the presented patient differ from the results achieved by patients with cochlear hearing loss and presynaptic neuropathies, but indicate the validity of bilateral cochlear implantation in patients with postsynaptic neuropathy in the CAPOS syndrome.
{"title":"Bilateral sequential cochlear implantation in a patient with the CAPOS syndrome – postsynaptic auditory neuropathy related toa missense mutation within the ATP1A3 gene","authors":"Zuzanna Łukaszewicz-Moszyńska, Katarzyna Iwanicka-Pronicka, Magdalena Lachowska, Agnieszka Pastuszka, Kazimierz Niemczyk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6906","url":null,"abstract":"ntroduction: This paper presents a boy with CAPOS syndrome (Cerebellar ataxia, Areflexia, Pes calvus, Optic atrophy, Sensorineural hearing loss) and postsynaptic auditory neuropathy who underwent bilateral, sequential cochlear implantation. Aim: The aim of the study is to describe the development of communication skills after bilateral cochlear implantation in a child with multiple disabilities including profound hearing loss and vision impairment. Material and methods: The patient’s medical history, including the results of diagnostic tests is presented. Sequential, bilateral cochlear implantation was performed at the age of 7 (right ear) and 8 years (left ear). Results: The results of audiometric tests confirmed postsynaptic auditory neuropathy. Molecular testing revealed a diseasecausing heterozygous c.3007C>A variant in the ATP1A3 gene encoding the Na+/K+ ATPase. 14 months after surgery, the ability to speak had not been regained, but the patient was able to distinguish the environmental sounds. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation is recommended for patients with CAPOS syndrome. The development of communication skills improved the functioning of the child in the family and school environment. Meaning: The results observed in the presented patient differ from the results achieved by patients with cochlear hearing loss and presynaptic neuropathies, but indicate the validity of bilateral cochlear implantation in patients with postsynaptic neuropathy in the CAPOS syndrome.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.6843
Krzysztof Kowalik, Anna Gruszczyńska, Agnieszka Kowalska, Marek Pękala, Andrzej Modrzejewski
Introduction: Iatrogenic esophageal fistulas after neck surgery are a rarely discussed topic in the Polish literature. Due to the scarcity of publications on esophageal fistulas, esophageal perforation after neck surgery, the topic of this paper was undertaken. For this purpose, the literature was reviewed and a description of two cases was presented, comparing the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties encountered to the world literature. Case reports: In the cases presented, esophageal fistula formation occurred after operations in the neck. In the first case, the esophageal fistula was a complication after resection of Zenker’s diverticulum and in the second case, the fistula developed after removal of the thyroid gland. Esophageal fistulas in the described patients proved to be a major therapeutic challenge. Despite a number of repair procedures undertaken by surgeons, laryngologists and thoracic surgeons in both patients, full therapeutic success was not achieved. In the present study, the authors related the management modalities of the presented patients to the experience of other centers. Methods of treating esophageal fistulas, possible complications and ways of treating these complications are discussed.
{"title":"Iatrogenic oesophageal fistulas after neckregion surgery","authors":"Krzysztof Kowalik, Anna Gruszczyńska, Agnieszka Kowalska, Marek Pękala, Andrzej Modrzejewski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6843","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b> Iatrogenic esophageal fistulas after neck surgery are a rarely discussed topic in the Polish literature. Due to the scarcity of publications on esophageal fistulas, esophageal perforation after neck surgery, the topic of this paper was undertaken. For this purpose, the literature was reviewed and a description of two cases was presented, comparing the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties encountered to the world literature.</br></br> <b>Case reports:</b> In the cases presented, esophageal fistula formation occurred after operations in the neck. In the first case, the esophageal fistula was a complication after resection of Zenker’s diverticulum and in the second case, the fistula developed after removal of the thyroid gland. Esophageal fistulas in the described patients proved to be a major therapeutic challenge. Despite a number of repair procedures undertaken by surgeons, laryngologists and thoracic surgeons in both patients, full therapeutic success was not achieved. In the present study, the authors related the management modalities of the presented patients to the experience of other centers. Methods of treating esophageal fistulas, possible complications and ways of treating these complications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.6913
Mikołaj Cichoń, Beata Wańczyk-Dręczewska, Waldemar Placek, Wojciech Biernat, Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
Introduction: Abrikossoff’s tumor (AT), also known as granular cell tumor or granular cell myoblastoma, is a rare and usually benign neoplasm. It can occur anywhere in the body, but the tongue is the most often reported location. Aim: To describe a diagnostically difficult case of Abrikossoff’s tumor. Case report: A 23-year-old woman presented primarily to the dermatology clinic due to hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) lesions located in the right groin. During the medical interview, she additionally reported a “tongue scar” that had been present for the past 3 years. The patient was overweight and had 5-year smoking history (5 pack-years). The physical examination revealed a well-circumscribed, painless mucosal nodule of fibrous texture on the right border of the tongue. The nodule on the tongue had been ineffectively treated with cryosurgery. A biopsy was taken from the lesion. The patient was later referred to the otolaryngology unit, where a radical excision and diagnostic imaging were performed. Discussion: The histological results from the biopsy were significant for AT, with positive immunohistochemical staining for S-100. While surgical excision remains the best therapeutic approach for AT, cryosurgery seems to be ineffective. It is difficult to distinguish between the benign and malignant forms of AT based solely on a histopathological picture. Therefore, patients with AT should have further diagnostics performed to exclude the potential of a malignant tumor. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of AT when examining patients with nodular, painless, and well-demarcated mucosal lesions on the tongue. Surgical excision is the best treatment option for AT.
{"title":"Abrikossoff’s tumor in a 23-year-old womanunsuccessfully treated with cryosurgery","authors":"Mikołaj Cichoń, Beata Wańczyk-Dręczewska, Waldemar Placek, Wojciech Biernat, Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6913","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b> Abrikossoff’s tumor (AT), also known as granular cell tumor or granular cell myoblastoma, is a rare and usually benign neoplasm. It can occur anywhere in the body, but the tongue is the most often reported location.</br></br> <b>Aim:</b> To describe a diagnostically difficult case of Abrikossoff’s tumor.</br></br> <b>Case report:</b> A 23-year-old woman presented primarily to the dermatology clinic due to hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) lesions located in the right groin. During the medical interview, she additionally reported a “tongue scar” that had been present for the past 3 years. The patient was overweight and had 5-year smoking history (5 pack-years). The physical examination revealed a well-circumscribed, painless mucosal nodule of fibrous texture on the right border of the tongue. The nodule on the tongue had been ineffectively treated with cryosurgery. A biopsy was taken from the lesion. The patient was later referred to the otolaryngology unit, where a radical excision and diagnostic imaging were performed.</br></br> <b>Discussion:</b> The histological results from the biopsy were significant for AT, with positive immunohistochemical staining for S-100. While surgical excision remains the best therapeutic approach for AT, cryosurgery seems to be ineffective. It is difficult to distinguish between the benign and malignant forms of AT based solely on a histopathological picture. Therefore, patients with AT should have further diagnostics performed to exclude the potential of a malignant tumor.</br></br> <b>Conclusion:</b> Clinicians should be aware of AT when examining patients with nodular, painless, and well-demarcated mucosal lesions on the tongue. Surgical excision is the best treatment option for AT.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.7404
Dina Galymkyzy Kussainova, Aigul Rakhmanalievna Medeulova, Moldir Rustem
Introduction: Around 430 million people today suffer from mild to profound hearing loss and require rehabilitation. One option offered to patients with sensorineural hearing loss is cochlear implantation. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the complication rate after cochlear implantation over an 8-month period. All complications were divided into 3 main groups: minor postoperative, major postoperative, and device-related failures. Additionally, the methods for prevention and management are discussed. Study design: Retrospective analysis of surgical complications after cochlear implantation. Methods: Our study included a total of 135 children (65 boys and 70 girls) who underwent cochlear implantation in Aksay University Clinic from January 2022 to August 2022. The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 15 months. The mean age at the time of their respective procedures was 3.9 years (age range: 6 months – 17 years 8 months). Results: A total of 21 complications (15.5%) were registered among the 135 patients. Of these, 9 (6.6%) were major complications and 12 (8.8%) were minor. The most prevalent cause of major complications was electrode misplacement (5 patients, 3.7%), while for minor complications it was hematoma (9 patients, 6.6%). In our study, there were more postoperative major complications and the number of complications was generally comparable to the world literature. Conclusion: Cochlear implantation is a safe, modern surgical procedure for treating sensorineural hearing loss and it is associated with a low complication rate. However, patients have to be informed about all possible complications and surgeons have to know the means of optimal prevention.
{"title":"Cochlear implantation in Aksay University Clinic: A review of 135 cases","authors":"Dina Galymkyzy Kussainova, Aigul Rakhmanalievna Medeulova, Moldir Rustem","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7404","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b> Around 430 million people today suffer from mild to profound hearing loss and require rehabilitation. One option offered to patients with sensorineural hearing loss is cochlear implantation.</br></br> <b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study was to determine the complication rate after cochlear implantation over an 8-month period. All complications were divided into 3 main groups: minor postoperative, major postoperative, and device-related failures. Additionally, the methods for prevention and management are discussed.</br></br> <b>Study design:</b> Retrospective analysis of surgical complications after cochlear implantation.</br></br> <b>Methods:</b> Our study included a total of 135 children (65 boys and 70 girls) who underwent cochlear implantation in Aksay University Clinic from January 2022 to August 2022. The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 15 months. The mean age at the time of their respective procedures was 3.9 years (age range: 6 months – 17 years 8 months).</br></br> <b>Results:</b> A total of 21 complications (15.5%) were registered among the 135 patients. Of these, 9 (6.6%) were major complications and 12 (8.8%) were minor. The most prevalent cause of major complications was electrode misplacement (5 patients, 3.7%), while for minor complications it was hematoma (9 patients, 6.6%). In our study, there were more postoperative major complications and the number of complications was generally comparable to the world literature.</br></br> <b>Conclusion:</b> Cochlear implantation is a safe, modern surgical procedure for treating sensorineural hearing loss and it is associated with a low complication rate. However, patients have to be informed about all possible complications and surgeons have to know the means of optimal prevention.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.7405
Martyna Dziedzic, Kamil Możdżeń, Agnieszka Murawska, Michał Bonczar, Patryk Ostrowski, Małgorzata Szczepanek, Kazimierz Niemczyk, Mateusz Koziej, Elżbieta Szczepanek
Introduction: Eagle’s syndrome (ES) is a rare condition characterized by an elongated styloid process or a calcified stylohyoid ligament. It manifests itself with many symptoms related to anatomical involvement and caused by compression of regional structures, such as temporomandibular disorders, ear pathologies, and facial pain. Material and methods: Major online medical databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to gather all studies regarding symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, coexistence with other diseases and anatomical aspects of the ES. Results: A total of 56 studies were included in this systematic review and divided into 5 categories: (1) anatomy and prevalence (n = 19); (2) symptoms (n = 9); (3) diagnosis (n = 8); (4) treatment (n = 20); (5) coexistence with other diseases (n = 5). Conclusion: Considering the prevalence of ES and its nonspecific symptoms, it can often lead to misdiagnosis. Hence, all physicians and dentists shall include the ES in the differential diagnosis of cervicofacial and pharyngeal pain.
{"title":"Eagle’s Syndrome: a Systematic Review","authors":"Martyna Dziedzic, Kamil Możdżeń, Agnieszka Murawska, Michał Bonczar, Patryk Ostrowski, Małgorzata Szczepanek, Kazimierz Niemczyk, Mateusz Koziej, Elżbieta Szczepanek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7405","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b> Eagle’s syndrome (ES) is a rare condition characterized by an elongated styloid process or a calcified stylohyoid ligament. It manifests itself with many symptoms related to anatomical involvement and caused by compression of regional structures, such as temporomandibular disorders, ear pathologies, and facial pain.</br></br> <b>Material and methods:</b> Major online medical databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to gather all studies regarding symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, coexistence with other diseases and anatomical aspects of the ES.</br></br> <b>Results:</b> A total of 56 studies were included in this systematic review and divided into 5 categories: (1) anatomy and prevalence (n = 19); (2) symptoms (n = 9); (3) diagnosis (n = 8); (4) treatment (n = 20); (5) coexistence with other diseases (n = 5).</br></br> <b>Conclusion:</b> Considering the prevalence of ES and its nonspecific symptoms, it can often lead to misdiagnosis. Hence, all physicians and dentists shall include the ES in the differential diagnosis of cervicofacial and pharyngeal pain.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.6907
Bernadeta Zabielska, Anna Rzepakowska
Introduction: Parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor that affects the parathyroid glands, small organs in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). The most common cause of adenoma is a mutation in the MEN1 gene. When a person has a parathyroid adenoma, the affected gland produces excess PTH, which can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). Symptoms of hypercalcemia can include fatigue, weakness, bone pain, kidney stones, excessive thirst, and urination. Diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma typically involves blood tests to measure calcium and PTH levels, as well as imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI to locate the tumor. Treatment most often involves surgical removal of the adenoma, which effectively cures the hypercalcemia in most cases. Case reports: The article presents two cases of patients with parathyroid adenoma, concentrating on the symptomatology, diagnostic workup, and treatment. We searched for and verified the recommendations in the recent literature to revise the diagnostic guidelines for this pathology.
{"title":"Revision of diagnostic guidelines for parathyroid adenoma based on case reports and a literature review","authors":"Bernadeta Zabielska, Anna Rzepakowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6907","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b> Parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor that affects the parathyroid glands, small organs in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). The most common cause of adenoma is a mutation in the MEN1 gene. When a person has a parathyroid adenoma, the affected gland produces excess PTH, which can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). Symptoms of hypercalcemia can include fatigue, weakness, bone pain, kidney stones, excessive thirst, and urination. Diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma typically involves blood tests to measure calcium and PTH levels, as well as imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI to locate the tumor. Treatment most often involves surgical removal of the adenoma, which effectively cures the hypercalcemia in most cases. </br></br> <b>Case reports:</b> The article presents two cases of patients with parathyroid adenoma, concentrating on the symptomatology, diagnostic workup, and treatment. We searched for and verified the recommendations in the recent literature to revise the diagnostic guidelines for this pathology.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.6905
Elżbieta Niemczyk-Cieślak, Lidia Zawadzka-Głos
Cryptotia is a congenital defect that affects the upper third of the auricular cartilage which is being buried underneath temporal skin; underdevelopment of temporoauricular sulcus is also observed. The problem predominantly affects Asians andis relatively rare among Europeans. In addition to aesthetic flaws, cryptotia impairs the auricular function by preventing wearing glasses, face masks, or hearing aids. The defect is caused by abnormal attachment or function of the intrinsic auricularmuscles which are primarily responsible for the formation of the antihelix. Consequently, two subtypes of the deformity aredistinguished: subtype I, being the most prevalent and associated with abnormalities within the transverse and superiorauricular muscles; and subtype II, associated with abnormalities within the oblique auricular muscles, and leading to minorcartilage deformities. Cryptotia can be treated conservatively in infants of up to six months of age. The treatment consists inexternal corrective braces being applied to achieve excellent aesthetic outcomes. In older children and adults, surgical procedures are the most effective treatment option. Otoplasty as performed in cryptotia reconstruction involves the formation oftemporoauricular sulcus, the coverage of the resulting skin defect on the medial surface of the auricle, and surgical correctionof the deformed cartilage.
{"title":"Cryptotia – a case report and literature review","authors":"Elżbieta Niemczyk-Cieślak, Lidia Zawadzka-Głos","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6905","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptotia is a congenital defect that affects the upper third of the auricular cartilage which is being buried underneath temporal skin; underdevelopment of temporoauricular sulcus is also observed. The problem predominantly affects Asians andis relatively rare among Europeans. In addition to aesthetic flaws, cryptotia impairs the auricular function by preventing wearing glasses, face masks, or hearing aids. The defect is caused by abnormal attachment or function of the intrinsic auricularmuscles which are primarily responsible for the formation of the antihelix. Consequently, two subtypes of the deformity aredistinguished: subtype I, being the most prevalent and associated with abnormalities within the transverse and superiorauricular muscles; and subtype II, associated with abnormalities within the oblique auricular muscles, and leading to minorcartilage deformities. Cryptotia can be treated conservatively in infants of up to six months of age. The treatment consists inexternal corrective braces being applied to achieve excellent aesthetic outcomes. In older children and adults, surgical procedures are the most effective treatment option. Otoplasty as performed in cryptotia reconstruction involves the formation oftemporoauricular sulcus, the coverage of the resulting skin defect on the medial surface of the auricle, and surgical correctionof the deformed cartilage.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136369980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.6904
Nataliia Babchenko, Tomasz Gotlib
Introduction: Epistaxis is one of the most common challenges for emergency departments. Hypertension is regarded as a risk factor of epistaxis. Anticoagulant therapy in hypertensive patients increases the risk of nosebleed even more. Approximately 10% of patients with epistaxis require hospital admission for this condition, some of which need surgical intervention. Management can be problematic, mainly in case of recurrent posterior epistaxis. Over the past decade, with the widespread popularization of endoscopic sinus surgery and the deeper understanding of local regional anatomy, endoscopic control of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) has been advocated as an effective alternative for the control of posterior epistaxis. Aim: The aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with local anatomy and surgical technique of SPA ligation/coagulation. Material and method: The SPA ligation or coagulation is indicated for intractable epistaxis, which is defined as recurrent bleeding despite adequate anterior and posterior nasal packing. The sphenopalatine artery (SPA) is a terminal branch of the internal maxillary artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery. The SPA supplies the turbinates, the lateral nasal wall and nasal septum. The most important anatomical landmark enabling to identify the artery at its entry to the nasal cavity is crista ethmoidalis, which is typically located above the sphenopalatine foramen. The artery can be localized with or without creating the middle antrostomy. Locating the SPA without opening of the maxillary sinus can be challenging for inexperienced surgeon. The middle-meatal antrostomy prior to SPA ligation reveals more anatomical landmarks. Efficacy of SPA coagulation/ligation ranges between 74 to 100%. Failure to localize all the branches of the SPA is regarded as the most common reason for re-bleeding. Complications of the procedure are rare, mild and transient. Conclusion: Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery coagulation or ligation is a safe and effective technique for controlling persistent posterior epistaxis. Understanding the anatomic relationships is important in performing this procedure. It has become established standard treatment for intractable epistaxis.
{"title":"Surgical management of intractable epistaxis:Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery coagulation","authors":"Nataliia Babchenko, Tomasz Gotlib","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.6904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6904","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Introduction:</b> Epistaxis is one of the most common challenges for emergency departments. Hypertension is regarded as a risk factor of epistaxis. Anticoagulant therapy in hypertensive patients increases the risk of nosebleed even more. Approximately 10% of patients with epistaxis require hospital admission for this condition, some of which need surgical intervention. Management can be problematic, mainly in case of recurrent posterior epistaxis. Over the past decade, with the widespread popularization of endoscopic sinus surgery and the deeper understanding of local regional anatomy, endoscopic control of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) has been advocated as an effective alternative for the control of posterior epistaxis.</br></br> <b>Aim:</b> The aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with local anatomy and surgical technique of SPA ligation/coagulation.</br></br> <b>Material and method:</b> The SPA ligation or coagulation is indicated for intractable epistaxis, which is defined as recurrent bleeding despite adequate anterior and posterior nasal packing. The sphenopalatine artery (SPA) is a terminal branch of the internal maxillary artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery. The SPA supplies the turbinates, the lateral nasal wall and nasal septum. The most important anatomical landmark enabling to identify the artery at its entry to the nasal cavity is crista ethmoidalis, which is typically located above the sphenopalatine foramen. The artery can be localized with or without creating the middle antrostomy. Locating the SPA without opening of the maxillary sinus can be challenging for inexperienced surgeon. The middle-meatal antrostomy prior to SPA ligation reveals more anatomical landmarks. Efficacy of SPA coagulation/ligation ranges between 74 to 100%. Failure to localize all the branches of the SPA is regarded as the most common reason for re-bleeding. Complications of the procedure are rare, mild and transient.</br></br> <b>Conclusion:</b> Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery coagulation or ligation is a safe and effective technique for controlling persistent posterior epistaxis. Understanding the anatomic relationships is important in performing this procedure. It has become established standard treatment for intractable epistaxis.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136370544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2303
Agnieszka Jasińska-Nowacka, Tomasz Antczak, Olga Stodulska, K. Niemczyk
Kliniczna ocena odruchu przedsionkowo-ocznego stanowi kluczowy element badania otoneurologicznego. Rozwój technologii w postaci okularów z kamerą wideo i czujnikiem ruchów głowy wraz z odpowiednim oprogramowaniem komputerowym doprowadził do udoskonalenia i zobiektywizowania badania odruchu przedsionkowo-ocznego za pomocą video Head Impulse Test (vHIT). Badanie to stwarza unikalną możliwość oceny wszystkich sześciu kanałów półkolistych. W interpretacji wyniku vHIT kluczowa jest analiza kształtu krzywej prędkości ruchów gałek ocznych w porównaniu z krzywą ruchu głowy. Pod uwagę brany jest także współczynnik nadążania będący stosunkiem prędkości ruchu gałek ocznych do prędkości ruchu głowy (gain). Metoda vHIT jest skuteczna w diagnostyce i monitorowaniu obwodowych uszkodzeń układu przedsionkowego takich jak zapalenie nerwu przedsionkowego, schwannoma nerwu przedsionkowo-ślimakowego czy choroba Meniere'a. W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe aspekty techniczne, zasady interpretacji wyników badania, a także możliwe zastosowania tej metody w codziennej praktyce.
{"title":"Rola badania video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) w diagnostyce zawrotów głowy pochodzenia obwodowego - kluczowe aspekty techniczne, interpretacja wyników oraz zastosowanie w codziennej praktyce","authors":"Agnieszka Jasińska-Nowacka, Tomasz Antczak, Olga Stodulska, K. Niemczyk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2303","url":null,"abstract":"Kliniczna ocena odruchu przedsionkowo-ocznego stanowi kluczowy element badania otoneurologicznego. Rozwój technologii w postaci okularów z kamerą wideo i czujnikiem ruchów głowy wraz z odpowiednim oprogramowaniem komputerowym doprowadził do udoskonalenia i zobiektywizowania badania odruchu przedsionkowo-ocznego za pomocą video Head Impulse Test (vHIT). Badanie to stwarza unikalną możliwość oceny wszystkich sześciu kanałów półkolistych. W interpretacji wyniku vHIT kluczowa jest analiza kształtu krzywej prędkości ruchów gałek ocznych w porównaniu z krzywą ruchu głowy. Pod uwagę brany jest także współczynnik nadążania będący stosunkiem prędkości ruchu gałek ocznych do prędkości ruchu głowy (gain). Metoda vHIT jest skuteczna w diagnostyce i monitorowaniu obwodowych uszkodzeń układu przedsionkowego takich jak zapalenie nerwu przedsionkowego, schwannoma nerwu przedsionkowo-ślimakowego czy choroba Meniere'a. W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe aspekty techniczne, zasady interpretacji wyników badania, a także możliwe zastosowania tej metody w codziennej praktyce.","PeriodicalId":52362,"journal":{"name":"Polish Otorhinolaryngology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71287431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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