Summary The recent years have seen a surge in elite athlete activism. This article examines how Olympic athletes are currently challenging the stability of central institutions of the Olympic Movement as collective political actors. The study builds on explanations of stability and change stemming from punctuated equilibrium theory and path dependency. Applying a multiple mini case study design, it is first illustrated how these mechanisms have been in play in the reproduction and disruption of historic Olympic institutions. The main analysis then shows how Olympic athletes, through their different organizational forms, challenge institutions that are detrimental to their interest. The findings illustrate that Olympic athletes have increased their power resources and apply strategies to defy institutions, which are reproduced on the basis of path-dependent explanations. In doing so, athletes have the potential to severely destabilize the system if their interests remain unaccounted for by those governing the Olympic Movement.
{"title":"Disrupting institutional reproduction? How Olympic athletes challenge the stability of the Olympic Movement","authors":"Maximilian Seltmann","doi":"10.1515/sug-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The recent years have seen a surge in elite athlete activism. This article examines how Olympic athletes are currently challenging the stability of central institutions of the Olympic Movement as collective political actors. The study builds on explanations of stability and change stemming from punctuated equilibrium theory and path dependency. Applying a multiple mini case study design, it is first illustrated how these mechanisms have been in play in the reproduction and disruption of historic Olympic institutions. The main analysis then shows how Olympic athletes, through their different organizational forms, challenge institutions that are detrimental to their interest. The findings illustrate that Olympic athletes have increased their power resources and apply strategies to defy institutions, which are reproduced on the basis of path-dependent explanations. In doing so, athletes have the potential to severely destabilize the system if their interests remain unaccounted for by those governing the Olympic Movement.","PeriodicalId":52379,"journal":{"name":"Sport und Gesellschaft","volume":"6 1","pages":"9 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85842933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vergütung im Frauenfußball: Einige Ergänzungen aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Perspektive","authors":"C. Naumann, Florian Follert, F. Daumann","doi":"10.1515/sug-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52379,"journal":{"name":"Sport und Gesellschaft","volume":"12 1","pages":"105 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80942312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This article explores the representation of Yusra Mardini as a refugee Olympic athlete. Her participation in the 2016 Olympic Games is analyzed through different areas of programming of the mass media and, specifically, through Mardini’s autobiography, documents of the International Olympic Committee, and German newspapers. A qualitative content analysis is carried out and a systems theoretical framework applied. The results reveal that Mardini’s refugee background was both an obstacle and an advantage for her career within the sport system. The establishment of the Refugee Olympic Team generated positive response from the International Olympic Committee but also exposed contradictions in its inclusion rules. The newspapers showed a strong interest in Mardini and presented her as a hero, downplaying her performances and emphasizing her life story. Following an analysis of the interconnections between these different representations, the discussion turns to the mechanisms that go beyond the inclusion of Mardini in professional sports and focuses on the latent information within the materials.
{"title":"The representation of Yusra Mardini as a Refugee Olympic Athlete: A sociological analysis","authors":"E. Michelini","doi":"10.1515/sug-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This article explores the representation of Yusra Mardini as a refugee Olympic athlete. Her participation in the 2016 Olympic Games is analyzed through different areas of programming of the mass media and, specifically, through Mardini’s autobiography, documents of the International Olympic Committee, and German newspapers. A qualitative content analysis is carried out and a systems theoretical framework applied. The results reveal that Mardini’s refugee background was both an obstacle and an advantage for her career within the sport system. The establishment of the Refugee Olympic Team generated positive response from the International Olympic Committee but also exposed contradictions in its inclusion rules. The newspapers showed a strong interest in Mardini and presented her as a hero, downplaying her performances and emphasizing her life story. Following an analysis of the interconnections between these different representations, the discussion turns to the mechanisms that go beyond the inclusion of Mardini in professional sports and focuses on the latent information within the materials.","PeriodicalId":52379,"journal":{"name":"Sport und Gesellschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":"39 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72805437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interview mit Dr. Andreas Höfer zum Thema „Olympia und Erinnerung“","authors":"Andreas Höfer","doi":"10.1515/sug-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52379,"journal":{"name":"Sport und Gesellschaft","volume":"22 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85927614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weder gerecht noch leistungsgerecht, sondern Sport. Über die Vergütung professioneller Athleten (und Athletinnen)","authors":"Christiane Eisenberg","doi":"10.1515/sug-2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52379,"journal":{"name":"Sport und Gesellschaft","volume":"6 1","pages":"303 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80030529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gesellschaft unter Spannung: 40. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie (digital), 14.-24.09.2020","authors":"M. Brunnengräber","doi":"10.1515/sug-2020-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2020-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52379,"journal":{"name":"Sport und Gesellschaft","volume":"13 1","pages":"333 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82120299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Die Corona-Pandemie hat alle gesellschaftlichen Teilbereiche im Jahr 2020 massiv in Mitleidenschaft gezogen, darunter auch den Sport. Im organisierten Amateursport wie auch im Profisport äußerte sich das unter anderem darin, dass der Sportbetrieb zeitweise komplett stillgelegt war. Im professionellen Sport behalfen sich einige Verbände damit, dass sie ihre Wettkämpfe ohne Zuschauer vor Ort veranstalteten. In den Spielsportarten hat sich im deutschsprachigen Raum für solche Wettkämpfe vor leeren Rängen der aus dem Fußball stammende Begriff „Geisterspiel“ etabliert. Obwohl es Geisterspiele nicht nur im Fußball schon seit Langem gibt, hat sich die Sportwissenschaft damit kaum befasst. Publikationen zu Geisterspielen finden sich vereinzelt unter juristischen Gesichtspunkten (Nolte 2020) oder hinsichtlich der Frage, welchen Einfluss Geisterspiele auf den so genannten Heimvorteil haben (Fischer und Haucap 2020), darüber hinaus sind sie jedoch nicht Gegenstand sportwissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Dass dies ein Versäumnis ist, soll mit diesem Beitrag anlässlich der coronabedingten Geisterspiele im professionellen Fußball zumindest angedeutet werden. Die These lautet: Am Beispiel von Geisterspielen lässt sich eindrücklich die Macht von Atmosphären im Sport beleuchten. Der Text plädiert entsprechend dafür, Atmosphären als sportwissenschaftlichen Untersuchungsgegenstand ernst zu nehmen, handelt es sich hierbei doch um ein omnipräsentes Phänomen des Sports.
在2020年，科罗娜大流行病严重影响了包括体育在内的所有社会圈子。在有组织的业余体育和职业体育中，这样的报道部分表示体育企业停办。当涉及职业体育时，一些协会可以在现场组织比赛，而没有观众在场。在运动方面，德语区有“鬼”一类的含义，因为“足球”是源自足球的。虽然在足球方面也有鬼怪游戏的历史，但体育科学对鬼怪的研究很少。关于鬼才玩艺的研究在法律范畴(Nolte 2020)或对鬼才(Fischer and Haucap 2020)有何影响，但不在体育科学研究范围之内。这篇文章至少表明这是一种失败，在冠冕式的职业足球中也存在类似的问题。这个结论是:在运动中可以照亮大气层的力量。这歌词规定把大气层作为体育科学研究的物体认真对待，因为这是一种全能的体育现象。
{"title":"Geisterspiele im Fußball. Zur Macht von Atmosphären im Sport","authors":"Robert Gugutzer","doi":"10.1515/sug-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Die Corona-Pandemie hat alle gesellschaftlichen Teilbereiche im Jahr 2020 massiv in Mitleidenschaft gezogen, darunter auch den Sport. Im organisierten Amateursport wie auch im Profisport äußerte sich das unter anderem darin, dass der Sportbetrieb zeitweise komplett stillgelegt war. Im professionellen Sport behalfen sich einige Verbände damit, dass sie ihre Wettkämpfe ohne Zuschauer vor Ort veranstalteten. In den Spielsportarten hat sich im deutschsprachigen Raum für solche Wettkämpfe vor leeren Rängen der aus dem Fußball stammende Begriff „Geisterspiel“ etabliert. Obwohl es Geisterspiele nicht nur im Fußball schon seit Langem gibt, hat sich die Sportwissenschaft damit kaum befasst. Publikationen zu Geisterspielen finden sich vereinzelt unter juristischen Gesichtspunkten (Nolte 2020) oder hinsichtlich der Frage, welchen Einfluss Geisterspiele auf den so genannten Heimvorteil haben (Fischer und Haucap 2020), darüber hinaus sind sie jedoch nicht Gegenstand sportwissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Dass dies ein Versäumnis ist, soll mit diesem Beitrag anlässlich der coronabedingten Geisterspiele im professionellen Fußball zumindest angedeutet werden. Die These lautet: Am Beispiel von Geisterspielen lässt sich eindrücklich die Macht von Atmosphären im Sport beleuchten. Der Text plädiert entsprechend dafür, Atmosphären als sportwissenschaftlichen Untersuchungsgegenstand ernst zu nehmen, handelt es sich hierbei doch um ein omnipräsentes Phänomen des Sports.","PeriodicalId":52379,"journal":{"name":"Sport und Gesellschaft","volume":"1 1","pages":"319 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76988461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gutachter*innen 2020 / Experts on the Peer Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/sug-2020-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2020-0026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52379,"journal":{"name":"Sport und Gesellschaft","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82048007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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