City and Environment Interactions最新文献

{"title":"Survey-based public perception and participatory potential for managing urban Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis): the case study of Venice (Italy)","authors":"Francesca Coccon ,&nbsp;Matteo Zucchetta","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demographic increase of Yellow-legged gulls (<em>Larus michahellis</em>), combined with urban colonization, has led to rising human–gull conflict worldwide. While conflict mitigation has mostly focused on lethal control and deterrents, growing attention is being given to wildlife and human behaviour and interactions as a way to manage and reduce impacts on human wellbeing. Monitoring conducted since 2018 in Venice (Italy) has highlighted a complex urban human–gull relationship. Humans can exacerbate this relationship, especially when they perceive the species in a negative light. Focusing on public perception and raising awareness of the role of humans in attracting wildlife to urban areas are key to lowering conflicts. This study explored public perception of Yellow-legged gulls in Venice. It engaged with citizens and visitors via a survey assessing whether perceived population trends align with scientific monitoring data. It also aimed to support decision-making by aligning management strategies according to concerns and needs of city users. The survey, conducted over two months with 651 respondents, showed that the species is widely perceived as problematic, mainly due to scavenging and food-snatching behaviours. Respondents prioritized improved waste management to enhance coexistence. Surgical sterilization of recurrent pairs was also considered as a method to test for reducing breeding-related issues. A significant gap emerged between perception and scientific data: 70% perceived population growth, despite a 34% decline in breeding pairs since 2021. The survey is proposed as an effective tool for raising participation and awareness, supporting a socially inclusive and scientifically robust approach to human–urban wildlife relationship management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban heat island in the tropics: A review of advances, challenges, and future directions","authors":"A. Lefevre,&nbsp;B. Malet-Damour,&nbsp;H. Boyer,&nbsp;G. Rivière","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban Heat Islands (UHI), characterized by elevated temperatures in urban areas compared to their rural surroundings, represent a growing concern in the context of climate change, particularly in tropical regions. While UHI research has advanced significantly in temperate zones, tropical climates have received comparatively less systematic attention, despite their high vulnerability to global warming and rapid urbanization. This review systematically analyzes UHI studies conducted in tropical contexts between 2000 and 2024, using the PRISMA methodology. A total of 508 documents were identified through Dimensions.ai using search terms such as “Urban Heat Island” AND “Tropical” or “Tropics”. After screening and eligibility assessment, 156 studies were included. The review covers experimental and numerical approaches, remote sensing methods, and solution-oriented strategies across multiple urban scales. The term ”tropics” here encompasses regions located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, although considerable climatic, socio-economic, and geographical diversity exists within this band. Our findings highlight a concentration of research in large metropolitan areas, with medium and smaller cities often overlooked. The lack of microclimate or neighborhood-scale and multiparameter analyses limits our understanding of localized UHI dynamics and the applicability of mitigation strategies. We identify the need for more holistic, interdisciplinary approaches that integrate diverse climate parameters and locally validated models tailored to the combined complexity of tropical climates and urban environments. Expanding UHI research in underrepresented regions and adopting multiscale strategies are crucial for advancing inclusive, climate-resilient urban planning in the tropics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Built-up expansion and urban land use trade-offs in peri-urban Cotonou (Benin), West Africa: A scenario-based remote sensing approach","authors":"Sèdjro David Igor Thierry Kévin Ahouandjinou ,&nbsp;Carlo Sodalo ,&nbsp;Raoul Kouagou Sambieni ,&nbsp;Abdel Aziz Osseni ,&nbsp;Arcadius Yves Justin Akossou ,&nbsp;Jan Bogaert","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In sub-Saharan Africa, understanding how urban land use and land cover (LULC) are changing is key to assessing the vulnerability of peri-urban ecosystems and improving spatial planning strategies. This study analyzes the dynamics of built-up expansion and associated land use trade-offs in the municipalities surrounding Cotonou, Benin, from 2002 to 2023, and simulates urban spatial growth trajectories to 2050 under three contrasting development scenarios. Multispectral Landsat imagery was classified using the Random Forest algorithm, and scenario-based projections were generated through the Land Change Modeler (LCM) in TerrSet. Classification accuracies were high (Kappa &gt; 0.98), ensuring the reliability of results. Over the two-decade period, built-up/bare soil areas expanded by 12 %, while vegetation and others areas declined by 11.8 %, reflecting a moderate diffusion pattern and medium-speed urban spatial growth. Scenario projections indicate continued land conversion under the Rapid Economic Growth and Current Trend scenarios, primarily at the expense of vegetated areas. In contrast, the Green-city scenario highlights the potential for reversing land degradation through reforestation and spatial containment. These findings reveal critical trade-offs between development and environmental conservation, and demonstrate the value of scenario-based remote sensing approaches for guiding sustainable urban planning in rapidly transforming urban fringes of coastal West Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the cooling intensity of urban green spaces (UGSs) on land surface temperature (LST) in Hanoi metropolitan Area, Vietnam","authors":"Kim-Anh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Minh-Tin Thai ,&nbsp;Tewabe Melkamu ,&nbsp;Truong-Vinh Le ,&nbsp;Yuei-An Liou","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urban heat island (UHI) effect poses growing environmental and public health challenges in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study quantifies the cooling intensity of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) on Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Hanoi Metropolitan Area, Vietnam. A five-year composite (2020–2024) of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) data, supplemented by a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), was processed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The LST was retrieved via a validated split-window algorithm and examined alongside key satellite indices, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Relative Surface Evapotranspiration Index (RSETI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The cooling capacity of UGS was quantified through the decay analysis across buffer zones, revealing a summer LST reduction of up to 2.14 °C within a 100 m radius, with the effect tapering beyond 800  m. To further explore LST responses under land use/land cover (LULC) change and climate warming scenarios, the Random Forest model was applied. Simulation results indicated that a 10 % increase in vegetation cover reduced LST by 0.56 °C in summer and 0.30 °C in winter, whereas a 10 % decrease led to increases of 0.58 °C and 0.36 °C, respectively. Under a projected + 1.5 °C climate warming scenario, these cooling gains were fully offset, resulting in net LST increases of 0.94 °C in summer and 1.2 °C in winter. Moreover, thermal stress conditions were evaluated utilizing the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). Vegetation expansion increased thermally comfortable zones (UTFVI &lt; 0) from a baseline of 50–55 % to 60–65 % of urban area, while vegetation loss intensified thermal hotspots (UTFVI ≥ 0), expanding stressed zones to 55–60 %. In conclusion, these findings offer critical, data-driven insights for urban planners, emphasizing the strategic role of green infrastructure in mitigating urban heat and enhancing climate resilience in densely populated environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of real-time thermal conditions and thermal perceptions on public attitudes toward urban-cooling strategies","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuta Uchiyama ,&nbsp;Masayuki Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the increasingly severe urban thermal environment depends on environmental policies, and public attitudes toward these policies directly influence governance outcomes. Previous studies have mainly investigated demographic and socio-economic factors. However, research on how thermal conditions and subjective perceptions shape public attitudes toward urban cooling strategies remains scarce. Integrating on-site climatic measurements into questionnaire surveys, this study investigated public attitudes toward urban-cooling strategies in two typical parks in Kobe and Osaka in Japan and analyzed the influence of real-time thermal conditions and perception. The results showed that tree shading was the most preferred cooling measure, with over 70 % approval, while a similar proportion of respondents expressed an urgency for temporary cooling spaces and resilient-city strategies. Middle-aged respondents and women were about 1.5 times more likely than others to support these measures. Higher air temperatures increased support for water facilities, with each 1 °C rise enhancing endorsement likelihood by 52 %, whereas higher humidity reduced support for water-based solutions. Thermal perception indicators, particularly thermal acceptability, had stronger effects than thermal conditions. Greater thermal acceptability was linked to a 16 % lower likelihood of supporting artificial shade, an 11 % lower likelihood of supporting ground-material improvements, and a 12–16 % lower likelihood of perceiving macro-level strategies as urgent. This study demonstrates that public attitudes toward urban cooling strategies are dynamic, shaped by thermal conditions and subjective thermal perception, and offers guidance for prioritizing long-term greening, informing the deployment of temporary interventions, and targeting sensitive groups in urban thermal governance in humid subtropical climates (Köppen Cfa).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What will a circular city look like? A systematic literature review of urban circular economy applications and their implications for research and practice","authors":"Alexandre Coussa","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review explores Circular Economy (CE) applications in urban contexts and their implications for practice, and research. By making sense of concrete challenges of implementing the urban circular economy (UCE) and creating circular value in urban areas, this article addresses an important but under-explored gap in the literature, providing solid foundations for understanding UCE applications and related value creation. The paper follows a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. First through keywords mapping, four main research axes are identified: waste management, new forms of urbanity, green ecosystems, and circular governance. Those are then reviewed through a content analysis of 135 articles that make sense of their applications and main issues. Lastly finding’ implications are examined using various theoretical lenses, including CE classification, circular business models (CBM), institutional theories, sustainability transition theory (STT), and industrial ecology (IE). Overall, the article identifies promising but understudied areas, such as economics, business models, and urban studies, meanwhile research in the “hard sciences” is very active. UCE applications span from low-value technocratic fixes to more transformative initiatives. While many mitigate urban externalities and contribute to address global change issues, others aim to reshape urban paradigms but often lack scalability. Another challenge for cities will be to move towards high-value CE strategies, develop urban CBMs, overcome systemic barriers, and integrate inclusive governance and resilience into urban design. To achieve a scalable and regenerative urban future, UCE will need to be advanced through more in-depth research, supportive policies, and systemic changes in knowledge, behaviors, and urban construction practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the coupling mechanism of Socio-Ecological networks and their collaborative governance pathways from complex network Insight","authors":"Qiuming Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Langong Hou ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Shidong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Socio-ecological networks capture the interactions between human activities and ecosystems, offering a scientific basis for environmental management and resource conservation. While policy documents play a central role in ecological governance through legal and institutional mechanisms, limited attention has been paid to how policy transmission linkages within urban agglomerations shape ecological outcomes. This study investigates the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration from a complex network perspective, constructing ecological and policy transmission networks and integrating them into a socio-ecological framework. Social network analysis and QAP methods are applied to examine network structures, interrelationships, and coupling mechanisms between policy transmission and ecological conservation. The results reveal three key findings. First, the socio-ecological network presents a multi-level structure centered on the “Ya’an–Chengdu” axis, with a small number of core cities sustaining overall connectivity and information flow. Second, the system exhibits a “partial coupling” pattern. While Chengdu lacks core ecological attributes, it functions as a coupling hub that bridges institutional and ecological misalignments through centralized policy resources and information flows, highlighting the differentiated roles of core cities. Third, comprehensive service policies strongly enhance cross-domain and cross-level integration, serving as the primary driver of ecological governance. By contrast, geographic proximity exerts a significant adverse effect, indicating that functional complementarity and institutional coordination—rather than spatial closeness—are the primary drivers of inter-city linkages. Overall, this study elucidates the mechanisms by which policy transmission influences ecological connections, providing empirical insights for strengthening regional cooperation and promoting high-quality ecological governance in urban agglomerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact characteristics and interaction effects of built environment on street space quality in megacities: A case study of Xi’an, China","authors":"Zuobin Wu ,&nbsp;Mengde Zheng ,&nbsp;Tianxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid process of urbanization has led to widespread issues of uneven street space quality, insufficient comfort, and inadequate governance in mega-cities. In-depth research into how built environment factors influence street space quality is of significant theoretical and practical importance. This study focuses on the central urban area of Xi’an, a mega-city in China, and constructs an index system for the built environment that covers four dimensions: spatial structure, interface landscape, functional vitality, and traffic conditions, comprising 19 variables. Utilizing multi-source data, such as street view images, points of interest (POIs), and architectural data, and employing the LightGBM machine learning model in conjunction with SHAP interpretability analysis, this paper reveals the non-linear impacts of built environment variables on street space quality and their interactions. The study finds that: (1) The influence of various built environment dimensions on street space quality varies significantly, with spatial structure being the most critical dimension, particularly the environmental openness index, street scale perception, and interface enclosure index; (2) The relationship between variables and street space quality is non-linear, with key threshold intervals identified. For example, the environmental openness index, green view index, and interface richness index show significant improvements in quality within specific ranges, whereas interface enclosure and travel convenience exhibit negative effects beyond certain thresholds; (3) There are significant and complex interactions between variables, with the synergistic or inhibitory effects of environmental openness, building height, and traffic facility density being particularly pronounced. This research offers a new theoretical perspective and methodological foundation for understanding the formation mechanisms of street space quality, providing valuable empirical evidence and optimization pathways for spatial governance and the development of high-quality streets in mega-cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Context-Sensitive framework for public space Transformation: Morphometrics and ethnography in Chengdu’s Ma’an neighbourhood","authors":"Yaozhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Branka Dimitrijevic ,&nbsp;Ombretta Romice","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research formulates a context-sensitive classification framework for the evaluation of public spaces within rapidly urbanizing Chinese neighbourhoods, with the objective of informing regeneration strategies that reconcile modernization with cultural heritage preservation. Focusing on Chengdu’s partially developed <em>Ma’an</em> neighbourhood, the study investigates the transformation of five public space typologies, e.g., street frontages, public open spaces, public green spaces, semi-public areas, and corridor spaces, under contemporary urban pressures. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating historical mapping, urban morphometric analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork, including site observation and semi-structured interviews with residents and local stakeholders. Findings indicate that spatial reconfiguration has altered accessibility, patterns of use, and collective identity. The study is guided by three research questions: (1) How have public spaces in the <em>Ma’an</em> neighbourhood changed under the pressures of urban modernisation? (2) What socio-cultural consequences have these changes had for community identity and social cohesion? (3) How can the <em>Ma’an</em> case inform strategies for balancing redevelopment with cultural preservation? The results show that traditional spatial types continue to support localized interactions and cultural memory, whereas newer spaces prioritize multifunctional and commercial uses. In doing so, the study contributes to theoretical discussions in urban morphology and socio-cultural geography while offering a replicable public space classification framework for cultural heritage-sensitive urban renewal applicable to transitional neighbourhoods in China nationally and in comparable contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From element paradigm to dynamic paradigm: Urban evolution research based on fundamental dynamic models","authors":"Xin Li ,&nbsp;Ting Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Siegfried Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of accelerating global urbanization and technological transformation, research on urban evolution based on the element paradigm focuses on static resources and dynamic factors, yet struggles to capture the nonlinear changes inherent in urban evolutionary processes. Studies employing the spatial paradigm can dynamically analyze the evolution of urban spatial structures, but the accuracy of such models is significantly hampered by policy interventions and institutional disruptions. In contrast, the dynamic paradigm, through empirical research, reveals common characteristics in the urban evolution of different nations. However, it still faces limitations in delineating the stages of urbanization processes and explaining the non-standard interactions between urbanization and the economy. To address these gaps, this study synthesizes findings from urban evolution research grounded in the dynamic paradigm. It constructs an analytical framework for urban evolution based on basic laws of fundamental dynamic patterns. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative empirical frameworks, the research summarizes the basic laws of urban evolution and establishes a theoretical dynamic model of urban evolution. The study utilizes a database foundation comprising statistical indicators of urbanization rates and GDP per capita for 193 United Nations member states from 1960 to 2022. Employing a classification method based on the steady-state characteristics and trend characteristics of urbanization, the statistical indicators were decomposed into sample groups with shared features for rigorous statistical analysis. The results indicate that the three-stage division of the urbanization process, as summarized by Northam through observation, aligns with the structure of maximum variance between different stages. However, a finer subdivision into six steady-state stage mean intervals better reflects the inherent complexity of urban evolution, leading to the identification of six evolutionary stages in urban evolution. Secondly, a dynamic analysis of all interactive phenomena between the urbanization rate and GDP per capita allows their categorization into four characteristic states of interactive evolution based on two dimensions: the tide of urban and rural migration and economic growth. Finally, by integrating the evolutionary stages of the city with the distinctive states of its interactive development, we establish the urban evolution model that links urbanization and the economy. This provides a solid theoretical foundation and empirical support for the scientific diagnosis of urban evolution quality and the formulate of targeted policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}