City and Environment Interactions最新文献_第10页

Socioeconomic and racial disparities in thermal comfort conditions in Brazil 巴西热舒适条件的社会经济和种族差异

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100249

Weeberb J. Requia , Reizane Maria Damasceno da Silva , Leonardo Hoinaski , Francisco Jablinski Castelhano

The role of environmental disparities in exposure to ambient temperature and its impact on health, focusing solely on temperature exposure may not fully capture the complexity of thermal stress experienced by individuals. Thermal comfort conditions, encompassing factors such as humidity and wind speed alongside temperature, provide a more complete understanding of human comfort and well-being. In this study, we investigated the socioeconomic and racial disparities in thermal comfort conditions across Brazil. We conducted an ecological analysis at the census-tract (sub-municipal) scale across Brazil (n = 34,016 tracts). Thermal comfort indices (Discomfort Index, Humidex, Heat Index, Net Effective Temperature) were computed from ERA5-Land meteorology at 0.1° (∼10 km) and linked to tracts via centroid-within-grid–cell assignment. We employed a Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) adjusted for socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and geographic factors to assess the associations between these variables and thermal comfort indices. Our findings suggest that lower SES indicators, such as income and education, are associated with higher exposure to thermal stress, indicating significant discomfort conditions with potential health implications. We also observed nuanced associations across different racial/ethnic groups, with variations in exposure levels at different percentiles. Our results suggest that the disparities in thermal comfort conditions persist across urban and rural areas, highlighting the pervasive nature of these inequalities. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and policy initiatives aimed at addressing environmental justice and promoting health equity in Brazil.

环境差异在暴露于环境温度方面的作用及其对健康的影响，仅关注温度暴露可能无法完全反映个人所经历的热应激的复杂性。热舒适条件，包括湿度、风速和温度等因素，提供了对人类舒适和幸福的更全面的了解。在这项研究中，我们调查了巴西各地热舒适条件的社会经济和种族差异。我们在巴西（n = 34,016个地区）的人口普查区（副市）尺度上进行了生态分析。热舒适指数（不适指数、湿度指数、热指数、净有效温度）由era5陆地气象在0.1°（~ 10 km）处计算，并通过网格内质心单元分配与区域相关联。我们采用广义加性模型（GAMs）对社会经济地位（SES）、种族/民族和地理因素进行了调整，以评估这些变量与热舒适指数之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明，较低的社会经济地位指标，如收入和教育程度，与较高的热应力暴露有关，这表明严重的不适状况具有潜在的健康影响。我们还观察到，不同种族/民族群体之间存在细微的联系，暴露水平在不同百分位数上存在差异。我们的研究结果表明，城市和农村地区在热舒适条件方面的差异仍然存在，突出了这些不平等的普遍性。这些调查结果强调需要有针对性的干预措施和政策举措，以解决巴西的环境正义和促进卫生公平问题。

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引用次数: 0

Urban infrastructure under occupation: Reimagining sustainability in Beita municipality 占领下的城市基础设施：重新构想北塔市的可持续性

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100250

Oqab Jabali

Urban infrastructure in occupied territories is shaped more by political constraint than technical design. This study explores how Israeli occupation affects essential systems–water, electricity, roads, and waste management—in the West Bank town of Beita. Drawing on interviews with municipal officials, engineers, business owners, youth leaders, and residents, it reveals a landscape of infrastructural decay, bureaucratic obstruction, and spatial neglect. Despite these challenges, residents have adopted adaptive strategies such as improvised repairs, shared water storage, and informal livelihoods. These grassroots efforts reflect a form of resilience rooted in everyday resistance and community cooperation. While local institutions attempt to sustain basic services, their work is often limited by external political control and inconsistent aid. The study contributes to political ecology and decolonial urbanism by arguing that sustainability under occupation is a contested, collective practice shaped by power and place. It calls for context-sensitive urban planning that centers local agency in militarized settings.

占领区的城市基础设施更多地受到政治约束而非技术设计的影响。本研究探讨了以色列的占领如何影响西岸贝塔镇的基本系统——水、电、道路和废物管理。通过对市政官员、工程师、企业主、青年领袖和居民的采访，它揭示了基础设施衰败、官僚主义阻碍和空间忽视的景观。尽管面临这些挑战，居民们还是采取了适应性策略，如临时修缮、共享储水和非正式生计。这些基层的努力反映了一种植根于日常抵抗和社区合作的复原力。虽然地方机构试图维持基本服务，但它们的工作往往受到外部政治控制和不稳定援助的限制。该研究为政治生态学和非殖民化的城市主义做出了贡献，认为占领下的可持续性是一种有争议的、由权力和地点塑造的集体实践。它要求对环境敏感的城市规划，将地方机构集中在军事化环境中。

引用次数: 0

Communicating Urban Climate: An International Overview 传播城市气候：国际概览

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100248

Ivana Vujić , Sanda Lenzholzer , Gerrit J. Carsjens , Robert D. Brown , Silvia G. Tavares

Urban climate phenomena significantly affect the well-being of city populations. However, recent studies reveal limited awareness of urban climate among key stakeholders who shape climate adaptation efforts. Communication offers a promising means of addressing this gap and mobilising stakeholders towards effective adaptation. Yet, the effectiveness of communication in engaging these groups remains unclear. This study investigates how urban climate communication functions among key stakeholder groups: citizens, politicians, urban planners and designers, and urban climate experts, and examines its role in fostering awareness and driving action. This study employed a qualitative research design using key informant interviews with 92 experts across nine countries. The findings reveal a widespread need for improved communication, particularly stronger collaboration between urban climate experts and urban planners and designers. These groups hold essential knowledge and complementary expertise and should form closer partnerships with political decision-makers. Interviews revealed that two-thirds of urban planners and designers struggle to translate climate data into actionable strategies, citing inaccessible communication from experts. Two-thirds of respondents also identified a persistent disconnect between policymakers and citizens, resulting in fragmented adaptation efforts. The study underscores the importance of tailored, interactive communication strategies that account for diverse governance structures, socio-economic conditions, and development contexts across the countries examined. The findings highlight the urgency of strengthening urban climate communication to enable more inclusive, coordinated, and effective adaptation responses.

城市气候现象显著影响城市人口的幸福感。然而，最近的研究表明，影响气候适应工作的关键利益相关者对城市气候的认识有限。沟通是解决这一差距和动员利益攸关方进行有效适应的一种有希望的手段。然而，沟通在吸引这些群体方面的有效性仍不清楚。本研究调查了城市气候沟通如何在公民、政治家、城市规划师和设计师以及城市气候专家等关键利益相关者群体中发挥作用，并考察了其在培养意识和推动行动方面的作用。本研究采用定性研究设计，对来自9个国家的92位专家进行了关键信息访谈。研究结果表明，人们普遍需要加强沟通，尤其是城市气候专家与城市规划者和设计师之间的合作。这些小组拥有基本的知识和互补的专门知识，应与政治决策者建立更密切的伙伴关系。采访显示，三分之二的城市规划者和设计师难以将气候数据转化为可操作的策略，原因是专家无法与他们沟通。三分之二的受访者还指出，政策制定者与公民之间存在持续脱节，导致适应工作碎片化。该研究强调了根据所调查国家不同的治理结构、社会经济条件和发展背景制定量身定制的互动传播战略的重要性。研究结果强调了加强城市气候沟通的紧迫性，以实现更包容、更协调和更有效的适应响应。

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引用次数: 0

Conceptual model of spatial level structure for developing multi-functional parks to reduce urban flood risk: A case study in Ho Chi Minh city 开发多功能公园降低城市洪水风险的空间层次结构概念模型——以胡志明市为例

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100247

Phan Nhut Duy , Pham Anh Tuan , Nguyen Phuong Thao Nguyen

Rapid urbanisation with unexpected reductions in permeable surfaces is considered to be a cause of increasing flood vulnerability in many cities worldwide, in parallel with the increasing demand for green spaces resulting from rising urban concentrations. The development of urban public parks, which are expected to contribute to water infiltration and storage for water absorption capacity by increasing green space and water area, is necessary in urban development planning to reduce flood risk. However, the increasing urban concentration resulting in the scarcity of land has become a significant challenge to this strategy, particularly in urban centres. Based on the literature review of some emerging theories of sponge city and flood resilience, and some early concept of vertical development for cities and parks, this paper presents a concept of a Model of Spatial Level Structure (MSLS) including three elevated levels for different groups of activities, with the aim of helping urban multi-function parks allocate more areas for green spaces and water storage on the ground level. With a case study of the 23–9 park in the city centre of Ho-Chi-Minh-City (HCMC), the application of this model shows evidence of an increase in area for greenspace development by 30%. This implies that urban parks should dedicate areas on the ground level for developing green spaces and water storage, by leveling up certain functional activities along with the vertical spatial development. The concept is expected to be useful for other public parks in other cities worldwide, particularly in mega-coastal cities facing a shortage of green spaces and water areas due to the uncontrolled rise in impermeable areas.

快速城市化与透水表面的意外减少被认为是全球许多城市洪水脆弱性增加的原因，与此同时，城市集中度上升导致对绿地的需求不断增加。城市公园的发展是城市发展规划中减少洪水风险的必要条件，通过增加绿地和水域面积来促进水的渗透和储存，以提高吸水能力。然而，城市日益集中导致土地稀缺，已成为对这一战略的重大挑战，特别是在城市中心。本文在回顾海绵城市和抗洪能力理论的基础上，结合城市和公园垂直发展的一些早期概念，提出了包括不同活动群的三个高级层的空间层次结构模型（MSLS）的概念，旨在帮助城市多功能公园在地面分配更多的绿地和蓄水面积。以胡志明市（HCMC）市中心的23-9公园为例，该模型的应用表明，绿色空间开发面积增加了30%。这意味着城市公园应该在垂直空间发展的同时，通过将某些功能活动升级，在地面上专门开辟绿地和蓄水空间。这个概念预计将对世界其他城市的其他公园有用，特别是在由于不透水区域不受控制的上升而面临绿地和水域短缺的大型沿海城市。

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引用次数: 0

Nonlinear relationships and interaction effects of urban built environment on urban vitality based on explainable machine learning 基于可解释机器学习的城市建成环境对城市活力的非线性关系与交互效应

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100244

Yanfeng Zhang , Xiaohui Wang , Yu Ye , Longsheng Wang , Yige Zhang , Weishan Qin , Yihao Chi , Guodong Liu , Shimou Yao

Investigating urban vitality and understanding the influence mechanisms of built environments are crucial for achieving sustainable urban development and improving residents’ quality of life. This study employs XGBoost and SHAP models to examine the nonlinear impacts and interaction effects of the built environment on daytime and nighttime urban vitality in the main urban area of Yantai City. The built environment is quantified across four dimensions—functionality, building form, accessibility, and human perception—while urban vitality is measured using multi-source geospatial big data. Key findings include:(1) For daytime and nighttime urban vitality in Yantai’s main urban area, the functionality dimension contributes most significantly, followed by building form, accessibility, and human perception. Among the factors influencing urban vitality, BPOI (business POI) density, floor area ratio, POI diversity, and betweenness exhibit the strongest nonlinear effects. (2) Distinct nonlinear effects exist between the built environment and urban vitality, with variations in these effects between daytime and nighttime. (3) Built environment elements synergistically or antagonistically interact to influence urban vitality, requiring a holistic consideration of multielement interactions in urban planning. This study proposes that Yantai City synergistically optimizes its built environment through functional zoning, vertical mixed-use development, transportation network optimization, and environmental quality enhancement.

研究城市活力和理解建筑环境的影响机制对于实现城市可持续发展和提高居民生活质量至关重要。本文采用XGBoost和SHAP模型研究烟台市主城区建筑环境对城市昼夜活力的非线性影响和交互作用。建筑环境通过四个维度进行量化——功能、建筑形式、可达性和人类感知，而城市活力则使用多源地理空间大数据进行测量。结果表明：(1)烟台主城区昼夜活力的影响因素中，功能维度贡献最大，其次是建筑形式、可达性和人的感知。在影响城市活力的因素中，商业价值指数（BPOI）密度、容积率、价值指数多样性和中间度的非线性效应最强。(2)建筑环境与城市活力之间存在明显的非线性效应，且这种效应在白天和夜间存在差异。(3)建成环境要素协同或拮抗相互作用影响城市活力，城市规划需要综合考虑多要素的相互作用。本研究提出烟台市通过功能分区、垂直综合开发、交通网络优化和环境质量提升协同优化建成环境。

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引用次数: 0

Analysing Surface Urban Heat Island risks: mapping the vulnerability of dwelling and dwellers across Swedish municipalities 分析地表城市热岛风险：绘制瑞典各城市住宅和居民的脆弱性

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100245

Charafeddine Mokhtara , Shashwat Sinha , Ashmin Aryal , Brijesh Mainali , Krushna Mahapatra

Sweden’s average temperature has increased by 1.9 °C since the late 19th century and is projected to rise by another 3–5 °C by the end of the century. As urbanisation amplifies heat stress, there is an urgent need to assess Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) risks, especially in high-latitude regions like Sweden, where such studies are limited. This study maps SUHI hazards, exposure, and vulnerability across Sweden to identify high-risk municipalities, focusing on residents in Single-Family Houses (SFHs). MODIS-derived land surface temperature (LST) data (2015–2022) were used to estimate SUHI intensity (hazard). Population density and building footprint data informed exposure, while vulnerability was measured using a Composite Vulnerability Index (CVI) based on social and physical indicators, including population demographics and building-related characteristics. All indicators and risk components were normalised, weighted using entropy and PCA, and integrated through geospatial analysis to produce a 1 km resolution national SUHI risk map, validated using heat-related mortality data. Results indicate that high-risk areas are concentrated in major cities. 12 high-risk municipalities contain 14 % of all SFHs built before 1975, and 18 medium-risk municipalities contain 8 %, together accounting for 22 % of the national pre-1975 SFH stock. Residents of these SFHs represent nearly half of those living in pre-1975 SFHs nationwide. These findings highlight the urgent need for climate-smart renovations with strategies like reflective roofing, increased greenery, and soft financing for urban adaptation planning in northern climates.

自19世纪末以来，瑞典的平均气温上升了1.9°C，预计到本世纪末将再上升3-5°C。随着城市化加剧热应激，迫切需要评估地表城市热岛（SUHI）风险，特别是在瑞典等高纬度地区，此类研究有限。本研究绘制了瑞典各地SUHI危害、暴露和脆弱性地图，以确定高风险城市，重点关注单户住宅（SFHs）的居民。利用modis衍生的地表温度（LST）数据（2015-2022）估算SUHI强度（危害）。人口密度和建筑足迹数据为暴露提供信息，而脆弱性则使用基于社会和物理指标（包括人口统计和建筑相关特征）的复合脆弱性指数（CVI）来衡量。对所有指标和风险成分进行归一化，使用熵和主成分分析法进行加权，并通过地理空间分析进行整合，生成1公里分辨率的全国SUHI风险图，并使用与热相关的死亡率数据进行验证。结果表明，高危区主要集中在大城市。12个高风险城市占1975年以前建成的所有SFH的14%，18个中等风险城市占8%，合计占1975年以前全国SFH存量的22%。这些安老院的住户占全国1975年以前安老院住户的近一半。这些研究结果强调了气候智能型改造的迫切需要，包括采用反光屋顶、增加绿化和为北方气候下的城市适应性规划提供软融资等策略。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring computational fluid dynamics to assess the role of vegetated planters in urban canyon microclimate regulation 探索计算流体动力学来评估植被种植在城市峡谷小气候调节中的作用

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100246

Martina Garcia de Cezar , Séverine Tomas , Bruno Cheviron , Laurent Aprin

Accurately modelling urban microclimates is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies against urban overheating. This study assesses the potential of ANSYS Fluent to simulate an experimental urban canyon with vegetated planters, using three different simulation methods. The analysis focuses on accuracy, operational suitability, and an improved understanding of the physical mechanisms operating at the scale of an urban canyon. Numerical results related to radiative, thermal, and aerodynamic fluxes, are evaluated based on (i) experimental data obtained from a dense network of sensors and (ii) the physical consistency obtained in the spatial distribution of the variables analysed. Despite some discrepancies in spatial and temporal variations, the model demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data, with absolute errors in air temperature and relative humidity below 3 % on average (maximum 11 %). Radiation, as the most sensitive factor for daytime thermal comfort variation in the study area, highlights the importance of improving radiative exchange in the proposed models. While certain software limitations require user-defined functions, such as representation of average radiant temperature, thermal comfort indices and multiple vegetation heat source terms, the study underscores the tool’s capacity to generate detailed and high-resolution microclimate data. This rich numerical database improves our understanding of urban heat dynamics, paving the way for more efficient urban climate solutions.

准确模拟城市小气候对于制定有效的缓解城市过热战略至关重要。本研究通过三种不同的模拟方法，评估了ANSYS Fluent模拟有植物种植的实验性城市峡谷的潜力。分析的重点是准确性、操作适用性，以及对城市峡谷规模下运行的物理机制的更好理解。与辐射、热和空气动力通量有关的数值结果是根据(i)从密集的传感器网络获得的实验数据和（ii）所分析变量的空间分布所获得的物理一致性进行评估的。尽管在时空变化方面存在一些差异，但该模式与实验数据非常吻合，空气温度和相对湿度的绝对误差平均在3%以下（最大误差为11%）。辐射作为研究区日间热舒适变化的最敏感因子，在所提出的模型中强调了改善辐射交换的重要性。虽然某些软件限制需要用户自定义功能，如平均辐射温度的表示、热舒适指数和多个植被热源项，但研究强调了该工具生成详细和高分辨率小气候数据的能力。这个丰富的数值数据库提高了我们对城市热动力学的理解，为更有效的城市气候解决方案铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Are soil conservation and “No Net Land Take” suitable for urban development? modeling and assessment in two French cases 水土保持和“不净占用土地”是否适合城市发展？两个法国案例的建模和评估

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100243

Jean-Philippe Antoni , Tudal Sinsin , Igor Agbossou , Gilles Vuidel , Edouard Patault

The No Net Land Take (NNLT) policy seeks to halt the expansion of urbanised land to preserve soil quality and biodiversity. In France, this involves achieving zero net increase in artificial surfaces by 2050, with a mid-term objective of halving land take by 2030. This study examines the implications of NNLT for urban development and environmental preservation through a case study of two southeastern French territories: Grand Rovaltain and Aire Gapençaise. A data-driven cellular automata (CA) simulation model is employed to explore multiple development scenarios. This model integrates soil quality classifications (from 1 to 5) to assess the spatial dynamics of land use under NNLT constraints. The results indicate that while the policy restricts the spatial distribution of new developments, it does not inhibit overall housing and economic growth. Instead, development pressures tend to concentrate in rural and suburban transition zones, particularly those already vulnerable to sprawl. Soil quality thresholds significantly shape the spatial allocation of new growth, reinforcing the role of environmental parameters in guiding sustainable urban planning. The study offers three main contributions. First, it demonstrates the effectiveness of CA-based models in visualising land use outcomes under ecological constraints. Second, it highlights the potential to reconcile socio-economic development with environmental protection. Third, it stresses the importance of territorial dialogue to mitigate spatial inequalities that may emerge from the rigid application of NNLT policy. Overall, the study underscores the value of simulation-based planning tools in informing land use decisions and balancing competing territorial objectives under ambitious sustainability frameworks.

无净土地占用（NNLT）政策旨在阻止城市化土地的扩张，以保护土壤质量和生物多样性。在法国，这包括到2050年实现人工地面零净增长，到2030年将土地占用减半的中期目标。本研究通过对法国东南部两个地区的案例研究，考察了NNLT对城市发展和环境保护的影响：大Rovaltain和Aire gapenaise。采用数据驱动的元胞自动机（CA）仿真模型来探索多种开发场景。该模型整合了土壤质量分类（从1到5），以评估NNLT约束下土地利用的空间动态。结果表明，该政策虽然限制了新开发项目的空间分布，但并未抑制总体住房和经济增长。相反，发展压力往往集中在农村和郊区的过渡地带，特别是那些已经很容易蔓延的地区。土壤质量阈值显著地塑造了新生长的空间分配，强化了环境参数在指导可持续城市规划中的作用。这项研究提供了三个主要贡献。首先，它证明了基于ca的模型在可视化生态约束下土地利用结果方面的有效性。第二，它突出了协调社会经济发展与环境保护的潜力。第三，它强调了领土对话的重要性，以减轻严格执行NNLT政策可能产生的空间不平等。总体而言，该研究强调了在雄心勃勃的可持续发展框架下，基于模拟的规划工具在为土地利用决策提供信息和平衡竞争性领土目标方面的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Willingness to pay for urban heat Island mitigation through increased tree coverage: A contingent valuation study in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana 通过增加树木覆盖率支付城市热岛缓解费用的意愿：在加纳阿克拉和库马西进行的条件评估研究

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100242

Prince Owusu, Benjamin Wiafe Asare, Bridget Aikins, Prince Yakohene Dogbe, Derrick Werekoh Asaah

Urban areas in Ghana are increasingly affected by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, driven by rapid urbanization and declining green spaces. This study examined public perceptions, awareness, and willingness to pay (WTP) for urban heat island mitigation through increased tree coverage in Accra and Kumasi. The study utilized a cross-sectional mixed-methods approach and incorporated the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to assess respondents WTP to mitigate the UHI. A structured questionnaire was administered to a total of 240 participants to gather their responses. Findings revealed that majority of the respondents acknowledged rising urban temperatures and viewed urban trees as important in temperature regulation. Approximately 88.75 % of respondents expressed willingness to pay for improved tree coverage, with a mean WTP of GHȼ26.78 (=$2.04, May 2025 exchange rate). Factors such as age, household size, and occupation negatively and significantly influenced WTP, while income had a positive effect. However, some respondents stated unemployment, mistrust in fund use, and poor tree maintenance as key barriers to contributing financially. These findings highlight the potential for citizen-supported financing mechanisms to enhance urban greening initiatives. Integrating such willingness into urban policy can strengthen climate resilience, support nature-based solutions, and advance global sustainability commitments, especially SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).

在快速城市化和绿地减少的推动下，加纳城市地区日益受到城市热岛现象的影响。本研究调查了阿克拉和库马西通过增加树木覆盖率来缓解城市热岛的公众观念、意识和支付意愿。该研究采用了横截面混合方法，并结合了条件评估方法（CVM）来评估受访者的WTP以减轻UHI。共有240名参与者接受了一份结构化的问卷调查，以收集他们的回答。调查结果显示，大多数受访者承认城市气温上升，并认为城市树木对温度调节很重要。约88.75%的受访者表示愿意为改善树木覆盖率付费，平均WTP为GHȼ26.78（按2025年5月汇率计算= 2.04美元）。年龄、家庭规模、职业等因素对WTP有显著负向影响，而收入对WTP有正向影响。然而，一些受访者表示，失业、对资金使用的不信任和树木维护不善是他们在经济上做出贡献的主要障碍。这些发现强调了公民支持的融资机制在加强城市绿化举措方面的潜力。将这种意愿纳入城市政策可以增强气候适应能力，支持基于自然的解决方案，并推进全球可持续性承诺，特别是可持续发展目标11（可持续城市和社区）、可持续发展目标13（气候行动）和可持续发展目标15（陆地生命）。

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引用次数: 0

Walkability under the influence of extreme temperatures: the impact of climate change on outdoor thermal discomfort in Saudi Arabia 极端温度影响下的步行性：气候变化对沙特阿拉伯室外热不适的影响

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

City and Environment Interactions

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100241

Nisreen Abuwaer , Safi Ullah , Buri Vinodhkumar , Sami G. Al-Ghamdi

Summer is ideal for outdoor activities like walking; however, as extreme heat rises, these pleasant walks may gradually be overtaken by heat stress, compromising pedestrians’ comfort and safety at risk. This study investigates the implications of climate change on pedestrian thermal comfort by estimating future changes in thermal discomfort days and their potential impacts on walkability across Saudi Arabia and its major cities. The study uses the outputs of 27 bias-corrected high-resolution models from NASA’s NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 program to estimate projected changes in discomfort days with different thermal stress ranges during the near-future (2021–2040), mid-future (2041–2060), and far-future (2081–2100) periods under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The study also estimates future urban population exposure to discomfort days in Saudi Arabia under the selected SSP scenarios. Future projections under various SSPs indicate a significant increase in very uncomfortable days across most parts of Saudi Arabia, with impacts intensifying inland by the end of the 21st century. Coastal regions, though expected to experience fewer uncomfortable days, will see an increase in days falling into higher discomfort ranges. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the projected rise in extremely uncomfortable days, particularly across coastal and inland areas of Saudi Arabia, is predicted to substantially affect walkability and limit outdoor activity. In terms of urban environments, Jeddah, Dammam, and Madinah are projected to experience the highest levels of discomfort, reaching up to 35 °C under the SSP5-8.5 scenario by 2100. The projected urban population exposure is likely to be 1–8 million people-days in Saudi Arabia, with coastal cities experiencing the highest exposure in the future periods, particularly under high-emission scenarios. Our findings emphasize the critical need for adaptive urban planning to ensure outdoor spaces remain accessible and comfortable for pedestrians in a warming climate.

夏天是户外活动的理想季节，比如散步；然而，随着极端高温的上升，这些愉快的散步可能会逐渐被热应激所取代，从而危及行人的舒适和安全。本研究通过估算沙特阿拉伯及其主要城市未来热不适天数的变化及其对步行性的潜在影响，探讨了气候变化对行人热舒适的影响。该研究利用NASA nex - gdp - cmip6项目27个经过偏倚校正的高分辨率模型的输出，估算了在SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下，近未来（2021-2040）、中未来（2041-2060）和远未来（2081-2100）不同热应力范围下的不适日数的预估变化。该研究还估计了在选定的SSP情景下，沙特阿拉伯未来城市人口暴露于不适天数的情况。各种ssp的未来预测表明，沙特阿拉伯大部分地区非常不舒服的天气将显著增加，到21世纪末，对内陆的影响将加剧。沿海地区，虽然预计会经历更少的不舒服的日子，但会有更多的日子陷入更高的不适范围。在SSP5-8.5的情景下，预计极端不舒服天气的增加，特别是在沙特阿拉伯的沿海和内陆地区，预计将严重影响步行能力并限制户外活动。在城市环境方面，吉达、达曼和麦地那预计将经历最严重的不适，在SSP5-8.5情景下，到2100年将达到35°C。预计沙特阿拉伯的城市人口暴露量可能为100万至800万人日，沿海城市在未来一段时间内的暴露量最高，特别是在高排放情景下。我们的研究结果强调了适应性城市规划的迫切需要，以确保在气候变暖的情况下，室外空间对行人保持可达性和舒适性。

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