Herbert Dustin R. Aumentado, J. Bengoa, M. Balendres
Healthy seeds are the foundation of healthy plants. Planting healthy seeds contributes to securing crop productivity and seed germplasm conservation. In this study, we have identified microbes associated with seeds of three cherry tomato genotypes and demonstrated their negative effect on general seed health. Through a combined morpho-cultural and molecular characterisation (using multi-loci analysis of the ITS, β-tubulin, tef1α, and gapdh gene regions for fungi and 16s rDNA for bacteria), we have identified three fungi (Nigrospora sphaerica, N. lacticolonia, and Curvularia aeria), and two bacteria (Citrobacter freundii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) from healthy-looking tomato seeds. These fungi and bacteria, through seed-soaked-inoculation, caused seed discoloration, lesions, and low germination. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of Nigrospora sphaerica, N. lacticolonia, Curvularia aeria, Citrobacter freundii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on tomato seeds and demonstrated their negative impact on seed health. Seed treatment and interventions are needed to negate the possible effect of these microbes. Future studies on possible seed transmission are warranted.
{"title":"Unravelling The Diversity of Cherry Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum Var. Cerasiforme) Seed Microbes and Their Effect on Seed Health","authors":"Herbert Dustin R. Aumentado, J. Bengoa, M. Balendres","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.84919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.84919","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy seeds are the foundation of healthy plants. Planting healthy seeds contributes to securing crop productivity and seed germplasm conservation. In this study, we have identified microbes associated with seeds of three cherry tomato genotypes and demonstrated their negative effect on general seed health. Through a combined morpho-cultural and molecular characterisation (using multi-loci analysis of the ITS, β-tubulin, tef1α, and gapdh gene regions for fungi and 16s rDNA for bacteria), we have identified three fungi (Nigrospora sphaerica, N. lacticolonia, and Curvularia aeria), and two bacteria (Citrobacter freundii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) from healthy-looking tomato seeds. These fungi and bacteria, through seed-soaked-inoculation, caused seed discoloration, lesions, and low germination. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of Nigrospora sphaerica, N. lacticolonia, Curvularia aeria, Citrobacter freundii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on tomato seeds and demonstrated their negative impact on seed health. Seed treatment and interventions are needed to negate the possible effect of these microbes. Future studies on possible seed transmission are warranted. ","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fajar Sofyantoro, Adi Mazdi Syam, Baik Aisyah Adania, Muhammad Fikri Almunawar, Nurlita Putri Bela Nasution, Rheina Faticha Asyamsa Hidayat, M. Mataram, Chesa Ekani Maharesi, Septika Nurhidayah, Y. A. Purwestri, A. Nuriliani, Lisna Hidayati, R. Pratiwi
Obesity increases the risk of various diseases. Black rice, renowned for its high anthocyanin content, is considered a potential functional food for preventing metabolic disorders. The current study investigated the effects of black rice crunch (BRC) on body weight and haematological profiles in obese rats. Rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce obesity and supplemented with different concentrations of BRC for 4 and 8 weeks. The results showed that high-fat diet effectively induced obesity, as evidenced by significant increase in body weight. Importantly, 75% BRC supplementation resulted in significant weight reduction in obese rats. Further analysis revealed an increase in erythrocyte numbers in obese groups supplemented with 75% BRC, but no significant changes in haemoglobin concentration or haematocrit percentage. Further investigation showed that 75% BRC led to a decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), potentially affecting the size and concentration of haemoglobin within erythrocytes. The total leucocytes count increased with the high-fat diet, while BRC supplementation alone did not have significant impact. Lymphocyte percentage remained stable across the groups, indicating minimal influence of the dietary interventions. Neutrophil percentage varied initially but was not specific to BRC or the high-fat diet. Platelet count and distribution width were not significantly influenced, but mean platelet volume (MPV) increased after 8 weeks of BRC treatment, suggesting larger platelet sizes associated with obesity. Overall, the study provides important insights into the effects of BRC supplementation on body weight and haematological parameters related to obesity.
{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of BRC Functional Food from Indonesian Black Rice on Body Weight and Haematological Parameters in Obese Rats","authors":"Fajar Sofyantoro, Adi Mazdi Syam, Baik Aisyah Adania, Muhammad Fikri Almunawar, Nurlita Putri Bela Nasution, Rheina Faticha Asyamsa Hidayat, M. Mataram, Chesa Ekani Maharesi, Septika Nurhidayah, Y. A. Purwestri, A. Nuriliani, Lisna Hidayati, R. Pratiwi","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.85847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.85847","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity increases the risk of various diseases. Black rice, renowned for its high anthocyanin content, is considered a potential functional food for preventing metabolic disorders. The current study investigated the effects of black rice crunch (BRC) on body weight and haematological profiles in obese rats. Rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce obesity and supplemented with different concentrations of BRC for 4 and 8 weeks. The results showed that high-fat diet effectively induced obesity, as evidenced by significant increase in body weight. Importantly, 75% BRC supplementation resulted in significant weight reduction in obese rats. Further analysis revealed an increase in erythrocyte numbers in obese groups supplemented with 75% BRC, but no significant changes in haemoglobin concentration or haematocrit percentage. Further investigation showed that 75% BRC led to a decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), potentially affecting the size and concentration of haemoglobin within erythrocytes. The total leucocytes count increased with the high-fat diet, while BRC supplementation alone did not have significant impact. Lymphocyte percentage remained stable across the groups, indicating minimal influence of the dietary interventions. Neutrophil percentage varied initially but was not specific to BRC or the high-fat diet. Platelet count and distribution width were not significantly influenced, but mean platelet volume (MPV) increased after 8 weeks of BRC treatment, suggesting larger platelet sizes associated with obesity. Overall, the study provides important insights into the effects of BRC supplementation on body weight and haematological parameters related to obesity. ","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"51 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agus Susilo, M. Cahyati, Nurjannah Nurjannah, D. Pranowo, F. Hermanto, E. P. Primandasari
Chrysin, a predominant compound in Propolis, possesses diverse bioactivities, including antiviral properties. However, its antiviral efficacy against the Indonesian Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) serotype remains unexplored. This study investigates Chrysin's inhibitory potential against FMDV Indonesian serotype by targeting the 3C Protease (3CP), a vital enzyme for viral replication. Multiple sequence alignment was used to reveal unique characteristics of the Indonesian serotype's 3CP compared to global serotypes. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations assessed Chrysin's interaction with 3CP based on electronegativity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analyses evaluated Chrysin's inhibitory activity against 3CP, using homology modeling for the Indonesian serotype's 3CP structure. Luteolin, a known FMDV 3CP inhibitor with a similar structure to Chrysin, served as a reference. Results showed distinct 3CP sequences in the Indonesian serotype compared to O serotypes and others. Chrysin exhibited potential electron-donor activity with lower HOMO and LUMO values than Luteolin, but they had similar energy gaps, i.e., 4.016 and 4.044 eV, respectively. Molecular docking indicated similar binding affinities, with Chrysin (-6.365 kcal/mol) and Luteolin (-6.864 kcal/mol) bound to active site residues. Molecular dynamics analysis demonstrated stable 3CP-Chrysin and 3CP-Luteolin complexes, with minor differences in Radius of gyration (Rg) and Root-Mean-Square Fluctuation (RMSF) below 1 Å. From the ligand stability point of view, Chrysin had comparable stability with Luteolin. However, Chrysin formed fewer hydrogen bonds and displayed greater free-binding energy than Luteolin during simulation periods. These findings suggest that Chrysin holds promise as an inhibitor of the Indonesian serotype's FMDV 3C Protease.
{"title":"Chrysin Inhibits Indonesian Serotype Foot-and-Mouth-Disease Virus Replication: Insights from DFT, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Analyses","authors":"Agus Susilo, M. Cahyati, Nurjannah Nurjannah, D. Pranowo, F. Hermanto, E. P. Primandasari","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.83140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.83140","url":null,"abstract":"Chrysin, a predominant compound in Propolis, possesses diverse bioactivities, including antiviral properties. However, its antiviral efficacy against the Indonesian Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) serotype remains unexplored. This study investigates Chrysin's inhibitory potential against FMDV Indonesian serotype by targeting the 3C Protease (3CP), a vital enzyme for viral replication. Multiple sequence alignment was used to reveal unique characteristics of the Indonesian serotype's 3CP compared to global serotypes. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations assessed Chrysin's interaction with 3CP based on electronegativity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analyses evaluated Chrysin's inhibitory activity against 3CP, using homology modeling for the Indonesian serotype's 3CP structure. Luteolin, a known FMDV 3CP inhibitor with a similar structure to Chrysin, served as a reference. Results showed distinct 3CP sequences in the Indonesian serotype compared to O serotypes and others. Chrysin exhibited potential electron-donor activity with lower HOMO and LUMO values than Luteolin, but they had similar energy gaps, i.e., 4.016 and 4.044 eV, respectively. Molecular docking indicated similar binding affinities, with Chrysin (-6.365 kcal/mol) and Luteolin (-6.864 kcal/mol) bound to active site residues. Molecular dynamics analysis demonstrated stable 3CP-Chrysin and 3CP-Luteolin complexes, with minor differences in Radius of gyration (Rg) and Root-Mean-Square Fluctuation (RMSF) below 1 Å. From the ligand stability point of view, Chrysin had comparable stability with Luteolin. However, Chrysin formed fewer hydrogen bonds and displayed greater free-binding energy than Luteolin during simulation periods. These findings suggest that Chrysin holds promise as an inhibitor of the Indonesian serotype's FMDV 3C Protease. ","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kartika Kartika, Abdul Munif, E. R. Palupi, S. Ilyas, M. R. Suhartanto
The availability of phosphorus (P) in ultisol acid soils presents a significant challenge due to its attachment to aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) compounds. A potential solution to address this issue is the utilization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the potential of PSB originating from upland rice cultivation on ultisol soils. The bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere area and root tissue of upland rice plants cultivated in Payabenua and Saing Villages, Bangka Regency. The pathogenicity testing encompassed hypersensitivity and hemolysis tests, while the P solubilization included the evaluation of the phosphate solubilizing index (PSI) and P dissolution. Subsequently, the selected isolates were subjected to phosphatase enzyme and organic acid content assessment. The results showed a total of 120 isolates, predominantly distributed in the Payabenua area and primarily consisting of endophytic bacteria. Among the six selected isolates, genus Burkholderia dominated four isolates, while the remaining isolates belonged to genus Serratia. Furthermore, in Burkholderia vietnamiensis, the solubility value of P in AlPO4 and Ca3(PO4)2 liquid media exhibited a range of 0.0013 to 0.0344% and 0.0008 to 0.1842%, respectively.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Upland Rice Cultivation Areas in Bangka Regency","authors":"Kartika Kartika, Abdul Munif, E. R. Palupi, S. Ilyas, M. R. Suhartanto","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.84500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.84500","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of phosphorus (P) in ultisol acid soils presents a significant challenge due to its attachment to aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) compounds. A potential solution to address this issue is the utilization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the potential of PSB originating from upland rice cultivation on ultisol soils. The bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere area and root tissue of upland rice plants cultivated in Payabenua and Saing Villages, Bangka Regency. The pathogenicity testing encompassed hypersensitivity and hemolysis tests, while the P solubilization included the evaluation of the phosphate solubilizing index (PSI) and P dissolution. Subsequently, the selected isolates were subjected to phosphatase enzyme and organic acid content assessment. The results showed a total of 120 isolates, predominantly distributed in the Payabenua area and primarily consisting of endophytic bacteria. Among the six selected isolates, genus Burkholderia dominated four isolates, while the remaining isolates belonged to genus Serratia. Furthermore, in Burkholderia vietnamiensis, the solubility value of P in AlPO4 and Ca3(PO4)2 liquid media exhibited a range of 0.0013 to 0.0344% and 0.0008 to 0.1842%, respectively. ","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140513533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edwin Setiawan, Michael Einstein Hermanto, N. Abdulgani, E. Prasetyo, C. Riani, Dyah Wulandari, A. Budiharjo
Marine sponges have been investigated as potential bioresources because of their symbiotic relationship with microbes such as Actinobacteria that produce antibacterial substances. In contrast, a group of sponges, that inhabits freshwater environments called freshwater sponges (Order Spongillida Manconi & Pronzato, 2002) and consists of only one percent among all of the sponges’ species (Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836), has not yet intensively examined. For this reason, we screened, determined, evaluated, and reviewed by examining several databases in Scopus, Pub Med, and Google Scholar related to potential aspects of symbiotic bacteria and their antibacterial substances that can be further utilised and developed into synthesised antibacterial compounds, based on published metagenomic data of symbiotic bacteria in freshwater sponges. At the same time, we compared a composition of those freshwater symbionts to marine sponges’ symbionts whether those possess a similar composition or not. Moreover, a current report and a revisit study of freshwater sponges in East Java, initiate further direction on mapping of those symbiotic bacteria from Indonesia that can be nominated as potential groups possessing antibacterial properties.
由于海洋海绵与产生抗菌物质的放线菌等微生物之间的共生关系，它们已被研究为潜在的生物资源。相比之下，一类栖息在淡水环境中的海绵，即淡水海绵（Order Spongillida Manconi & Pronzato, 2002），在所有海绵物种（多孔动物门，Grant, 1836）中仅占百分之一，尚未得到深入研究。 为此，我们根据已发表的淡水海绵中共生细菌的元基因组数据，在 Scopus、Pub Med 和 Google Scholar 的多个数据库中对共生细菌及其抗菌物质的潜在方面进行了筛选、确定、评估和审查，这些潜在方面可进一步利用和开发合成抗菌化合物。同时，我们还比较了淡水共生菌与海洋海绵共生菌的组成是否相似。此外，目前的报告和对东爪哇淡水海绵的重访研究，为绘制印尼的共生细菌图谱提供了进一步的方向，这些共生细菌可被提名为具有抗菌特性的潜在群体。
{"title":"A Mini Review on Analysis of Potential Antibacterial Activity of Symbiotic Bacteria from Indonesian Freshwater Sponge: An Unexplored and A Hidden Potency","authors":"Edwin Setiawan, Michael Einstein Hermanto, N. Abdulgani, E. Prasetyo, C. Riani, Dyah Wulandari, A. Budiharjo","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.82682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.82682","url":null,"abstract":"Marine sponges have been investigated as potential bioresources because of their symbiotic relationship with microbes such as Actinobacteria that produce antibacterial substances. In contrast, a group of sponges, that inhabits freshwater environments called freshwater sponges (Order Spongillida Manconi & Pronzato, 2002) and consists of only one percent among all of the sponges’ species (Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836), has not yet intensively examined. For this reason, we screened, determined, evaluated, and reviewed by examining several databases in Scopus, Pub Med, and Google Scholar related to potential aspects of symbiotic bacteria and their antibacterial substances that can be further utilised and developed into synthesised antibacterial compounds, based on published metagenomic data of symbiotic bacteria in freshwater sponges. At the same time, we compared a composition of those freshwater symbionts to marine sponges’ symbionts whether those possess a similar composition or not. Moreover, a current report and a revisit study of freshwater sponges in East Java, initiate further direction on mapping of those symbiotic bacteria from Indonesia that can be nominated as potential groups possessing antibacterial properties. ","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"326 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140514360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mercury accumulation in the aquatic environment can be highly harmful. The body takes mercury vapor through the lungs, then absorbs mercury metal through the digestive system, and then the blood carries the metal to the brain. Bioremediation is the process of breaking down or converting harmful compounds into non-toxic forms, which can be accomplished through phytoremediation or phycoremediation. The goal of this study was to examine the growth and anatomy of Euglena sp. after being cultured in the mercury-containing FWS-CW waste treatment system. The ability of Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius to bioremediate mercury at different concentration as well as association and non-association treatments. This study was carried out in a bioreactor known as FSW-CW (Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetlands). Plant growth (plant height and number of leaves), chlorophyll content, diameter of root and petiole, metaxylem diameter of root, petiole, and leaves, cortical thickness of root and leaves, and petiole anatomy were all measured. Water temperature, pH, salinity, and light intensity were all measured as environmental parameters. Mercury treatment reduced Euglena density (183.5 cells. mL-1103 in control and 12.6 cells. mL-1103 in 100 ppm mercury treatment) and number of E. palifolius leaves, but not plant height and chlorophyll. Root and petiole diameters were affected by the mercury treatment, petiole diameter decreased unless the concentration was 100 ppm, whereas root diameter actually increased. The diameter of the root metaxylem increased, but the petioles and leaves, as well as the thickness of the root cortex, did not provide a significant response. The growth of E. palifolius was still optimal in the presence of Euglena in mercury-containing medium.
{"title":"Bioremediation of Mercury- Polluted Water in Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetland System by Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr.","authors":"D. Siswanti, B. Daryono, H. T. Petrus, E. Suyono","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.88143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.88143","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury accumulation in the aquatic environment can be highly harmful. The body takes mercury vapor through the lungs, then absorbs mercury metal through the digestive system, and then the blood carries the metal to the brain. Bioremediation is the process of breaking down or converting harmful compounds into non-toxic forms, which can be accomplished through phytoremediation or phycoremediation. The goal of this study was to examine the growth and anatomy of Euglena sp. after being cultured in the mercury-containing FWS-CW waste treatment system. The ability of Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius to bioremediate mercury at different concentration as well as association and non-association treatments. This study was carried out in a bioreactor known as FSW-CW (Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetlands). Plant growth (plant height and number of leaves), chlorophyll content, diameter of root and petiole, metaxylem diameter of root, petiole, and leaves, cortical thickness of root and leaves, and petiole anatomy were all measured. Water temperature, pH, salinity, and light intensity were all measured as environmental parameters. Mercury treatment reduced Euglena density (183.5 cells. mL-1103 in control and 12.6 cells. mL-1103 in 100 ppm mercury treatment) and number of E. palifolius leaves, but not plant height and chlorophyll. Root and petiole diameters were affected by the mercury treatment, petiole diameter decreased unless the concentration was 100 ppm, whereas root diameter actually increased. The diameter of the root metaxylem increased, but the petioles and leaves, as well as the thickness of the root cortex, did not provide a significant response. The growth of E. palifolius was still optimal in the presence of Euglena in mercury-containing medium. ","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"110 4‐5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current high demand for Yellow rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) is not supported by the availability of captured Yellow rasbora in nature. Aquaculture is the most rational way of utilizing biological natural resources. In intensive aquaculture, it is necessary to optimize all processes that occur in aquaculture, including hatchery. However, the common problem that often happens in hatchery activities is spawning which depends on the season. The hormonal manipulation technique is an appropriate way to stimulate gonadal maturation. Oodev is a hormonal combination of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and anti-dopamine to stimulate gonadal maturation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using the Oodev with different doses in feed to accelerate gonad maturation of female Yellow rasbora. The study was carried out with four treatments and three replications in 21 days with different doses of Oodev, such as; A (Feed without Oodev), B (0.5 mL/kg feed), C (1 mL/kg feed) and D (2 mL/kg feed). The parameters observed in this study were gonad maturity level, histological structure of ovary, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, and diameter of eggs. The results showed that the dose of Oodev at 1.0 mL/kg feed was an effective dose to optimize the gonad maturity of female Yellow rasbora. This is proven by the highest results shown on all parameters, such as; the maturity level in the IV phase, histological structure of the ovary which showed the dominance of the oocyte maturation phase, gonadosomatic index of 14.014%, the fecundity of 721 eggs, and egg diameter of 0.865 mm. In conclusion, using Oodev in feed at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg of feed for 21 days is an effective dose to optimize the maturation of female Yellow rasbora.
{"title":"Maturation of Female Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora Lateristriata Bleeker, 1854) Using Oodev at Different Doses in Feed","authors":"Juniman Rey, S. Widiyanto, B. Retnoaji","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.75916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.75916","url":null,"abstract":"The current high demand for Yellow rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) is not supported by the availability of captured Yellow rasbora in nature. Aquaculture is the most rational way of utilizing biological natural resources. In intensive aquaculture, it is necessary to optimize all processes that occur in aquaculture, including hatchery. However, the common problem that often happens in hatchery activities is spawning which depends on the season. The hormonal manipulation technique is an appropriate way to stimulate gonadal maturation. Oodev is a hormonal combination of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and anti-dopamine to stimulate gonadal maturation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using the Oodev with different doses in feed to accelerate gonad maturation of female Yellow rasbora. The study was carried out with four treatments and three replications in 21 days with different doses of Oodev, such as; A (Feed without Oodev), B (0.5 mL/kg feed), C (1 mL/kg feed) and D (2 mL/kg feed). The parameters observed in this study were gonad maturity level, histological structure of ovary, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, and diameter of eggs. The results showed that the dose of Oodev at 1.0 mL/kg feed was an effective dose to optimize the gonad maturity of female Yellow rasbora. This is proven by the highest results shown on all parameters, such as; the maturity level in the IV phase, histological structure of the ovary which showed the dominance of the oocyte maturation phase, gonadosomatic index of 14.014%, the fecundity of 721 eggs, and egg diameter of 0.865 mm. In conclusion, using Oodev in feed at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg of feed for 21 days is an effective dose to optimize the maturation of female Yellow rasbora. ","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"54 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138993301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Rahayu Lestari, Abdul Ghofur, S. Maslikah, S. Sunaryono, Amalia Nur Rahma, Dahniar Nur Aisyah, Ikfi Nihayatul Mufidah, Nadiya Dini Rifqi, Nenes Prastita, Dewi Sekar Miasih, Alif Rosyidah El Baroroh
Single garlic is known to have many benefits as an alternative therapy for various types of metabolic syndrome. The bioactive compounds, allicin and alliin, in garlic are unstable and easily degraded in digestion. Chitosan-alginate microencapsulation is thought to increase stability and protect active compound so its therapeutic effect is more optimal. This study aimed to characterize the microencapsulation chitosan-alginate of single garlic extract (MCA- SGE), as well as to examine the antioxidant activity and kinetic release of MCA-SGE in vitro. The research procedure includes the steps of single garlic extraction, preparation of MCA-SGE, characterization of MCA-SGE (PSA, SEM, and FTIR) as well as biological testing of MCA-SGE through antioxidant activity and kinetic release tests. PSA results showed the mean particle size of MCA-SGE was 439.0 ± 1.9 nm or 0.4 m with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.579 ± 0.046 and a zeta potential value of 15.4 ± 0.3 mV. The SEM results showed that the morphology of MCA-SGE was spherical with a smooth surface and a micrometre size of 0.4 - 0.7 µm. The FTIR results describe a shift in absorption and addition of SGE functional groups after encapsulation. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed the antioxidant activity of MCA-SGE was 65%, while SGE was 55%. The results of the kinetic release showed that more allicin and alliin were released by SGE than MCA-SGE during the 4-hour kinetic release simulation. MCA-SGE has the potential to be used as a drug delivery system with controlled release.
{"title":"Profiling of Single Garlic Extract Microencapsulation: Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Release Kinetic","authors":"Sri Rahayu Lestari, Abdul Ghofur, S. Maslikah, S. Sunaryono, Amalia Nur Rahma, Dahniar Nur Aisyah, Ikfi Nihayatul Mufidah, Nadiya Dini Rifqi, Nenes Prastita, Dewi Sekar Miasih, Alif Rosyidah El Baroroh","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.79072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.79072","url":null,"abstract":"Single garlic is known to have many benefits as an alternative therapy for various types of metabolic syndrome. The bioactive compounds, allicin and alliin, in garlic are unstable and easily degraded in digestion. Chitosan-alginate microencapsulation is thought to increase stability and protect active compound so its therapeutic effect is more optimal. This study aimed to characterize the microencapsulation chitosan-alginate of single garlic extract (MCA- SGE), as well as to examine the antioxidant activity and kinetic release of MCA-SGE in vitro. The research procedure includes the steps of single garlic extraction, preparation of MCA-SGE, characterization of MCA-SGE (PSA, SEM, and FTIR) as well as biological testing of MCA-SGE through antioxidant activity and kinetic release tests. PSA results showed the mean particle size of MCA-SGE was 439.0 ± 1.9 nm or 0.4 m with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.579 ± 0.046 and a zeta potential value of 15.4 ± 0.3 mV. The SEM results showed that the morphology of MCA-SGE was spherical with a smooth surface and a micrometre size of 0.4 - 0.7 µm. The FTIR results describe a shift in absorption and addition of SGE functional groups after encapsulation. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed the antioxidant activity of MCA-SGE was 65%, while SGE was 55%. The results of the kinetic release showed that more allicin and alliin were released by SGE than MCA-SGE during the 4-hour kinetic release simulation. MCA-SGE has the potential to be used as a drug delivery system with controlled release.","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Yanuwiadi, S. Suharjono, Nia Kurniawan, M. Fathoni, Agus Nurrofik, Miftah Farid Assiddiqy, Abdul Mutholib Shahroni
Land cover heterogeneity can affect the structure of biodiversity in the supplied niche, so it is necessary to know the taxa community. This study aimed to understand the effect of land cover variation on the diversity and community structure of soil arthropods. The types of habitats used include urban areas, agroforestry, gardens, and natural forests which are determined in the Malang Region, East Java, Indonesia. Hand sorting and hay bait traps were applied in this study to obtain a variety of arthropod soils and the Berlese-Tullgren funnel was used to extract them. As a result, there are 25 families from 15 orders collected based on their ecological roles. The abundance of Philoscidae in sites S1 and S2 (urban green space), Talitridae in site S6 (agroforestry), and Isotomidae in sites S3, S4, and S5 (highland mixed forest) was highest and dominant. Site S7 has the highest diversity (H' = 2.56; 1-D = 0.90; J' = 0.76) even though its family richness is lower. The site S3 counter-site had relatively high taxa richness (TR = 13), but low diversity (H' = 1.02; 1-D = 0.39; J' = 0.16). Based on clustering analysis and NMDS ordination, 3 classifications of habitat types were obtained, namely I (S6 & S7), II (S3, S4 & S5), and III (S1 & S2). Mixed forest habitats contain a more complex diversity of soil arthropods, which can serve as a model for improving the fertility of disturbed ecosystems.
{"title":"Comparison of Soil Arthropod Diversity and Community Structure in Various Types of Land Cover in Malang Region, East Java, Indonesia","authors":"B. Yanuwiadi, S. Suharjono, Nia Kurniawan, M. Fathoni, Agus Nurrofik, Miftah Farid Assiddiqy, Abdul Mutholib Shahroni","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.79496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.79496","url":null,"abstract":"Land cover heterogeneity can affect the structure of biodiversity in the supplied niche, so it is necessary to know the taxa community. This study aimed to understand the effect of land cover variation on the diversity and community structure of soil arthropods. The types of habitats used include urban areas, agroforestry, gardens, and natural forests which are determined in the Malang Region, East Java, Indonesia. Hand sorting and hay bait traps were applied in this study to obtain a variety of arthropod soils and the Berlese-Tullgren funnel was used to extract them. As a result, there are 25 families from 15 orders collected based on their ecological roles. The abundance of Philoscidae in sites S1 and S2 (urban green space), Talitridae in site S6 (agroforestry), and Isotomidae in sites S3, S4, and S5 (highland mixed forest) was highest and dominant. Site S7 has the highest diversity (H' = 2.56; 1-D = 0.90; J' = 0.76) even though its family richness is lower. The site S3 counter-site had relatively high taxa richness (TR = 13), but low diversity (H' = 1.02; 1-D = 0.39; J' = 0.16). Based on clustering analysis and NMDS ordination, 3 classifications of habitat types were obtained, namely I (S6 & S7), II (S3, S4 & S5), and III (S1 & S2). Mixed forest habitats contain a more complex diversity of soil arthropods, which can serve as a model for improving the fertility of disturbed ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La Ode Fitradiansyah, T. Atmowidi, W. Priawandiputra, S. Kahono
Scarabaeid beetles have an essential role in forest ecosystems, such as nutrient recycling, seed dispersal, forest regeneration, controlling parasite, and reducing carbon emissions. Until now, there has been no publication on scarabaeid beetle diversity in the lowland rainforest ecosystem of Papua, Indonesia. This study aims to measure the diversity of scarabaeid beetles in the lowland rainforest ecosystem of Sorong Nature Tourisme Park (SNTP), West Papua, Indonesia. Determination of study sites used in this study was using the purposive sampling method in three habitat types i.e., rehabilitation zone, conservation zone, and protection zone using baited dung traps (type A, B, and C dung traps), light trap, and active sampling. The fresh cow and human feces baits were used for dung traps that was replaced every 24 hours (68 repetitions for 68 days) in each habitat. Results showed a total of 30 individuals belonging to 13 species of scarabaeid beetles were collected. Onthophagus has the highest species richness (5 species) and the low species richness were Aphodius sp., Anomala sp., and Adoretus sp. (1 species). The protection zone has the highest diversity index (H’=2.09), followed by the conservation zone (H’=2), and rehabilitation zone (H’=0.5). Based on trap type, dung trap collected the most beetle species (9 species), followed by light trap (6 species), and active sampling (2 species). Based on Pearson correlation, soil pH significantly correlated with beetle abundance. This study was the first report of scarabaeid beetles in the West Papua, Indonesia.
{"title":"The Diversity of Scarabaeid Beetles (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) in The Lowland Rainforest Ecosystem of Sorong Nature Tourism Park, West Papua, Indonesia","authors":"La Ode Fitradiansyah, T. Atmowidi, W. Priawandiputra, S. Kahono","doi":"10.22146/jtbb.78230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.78230","url":null,"abstract":"Scarabaeid beetles have an essential role in forest ecosystems, such as nutrient recycling, seed dispersal, forest regeneration, controlling parasite, and reducing carbon emissions. Until now, there has been no publication on scarabaeid beetle diversity in the lowland rainforest ecosystem of Papua, Indonesia. This study aims to measure the diversity of scarabaeid beetles in the lowland rainforest ecosystem of Sorong Nature Tourisme Park (SNTP), West Papua, Indonesia. Determination of study sites used in this study was using the purposive sampling method in three habitat types i.e., rehabilitation zone, conservation zone, and protection zone using baited dung traps (type A, B, and C dung traps), light trap, and active sampling. The fresh cow and human feces baits were used for dung traps that was replaced every 24 hours (68 repetitions for 68 days) in each habitat. Results showed a total of 30 individuals belonging to 13 species of scarabaeid beetles were collected. Onthophagus has the highest species richness (5 species) and the low species richness were Aphodius sp., Anomala sp., and Adoretus sp. (1 species). The protection zone has the highest diversity index (H’=2.09), followed by the conservation zone (H’=2), and rehabilitation zone (H’=0.5). Based on trap type, dung trap collected the most beetle species (9 species), followed by light trap (6 species), and active sampling (2 species). Based on Pearson correlation, soil pH significantly correlated with beetle abundance. This study was the first report of scarabaeid beetles in the West Papua, Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":52402,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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