Abstract Comparison is a very common tool for international lawyers. In fact, international law is built around, and draws upon, constructions necessitating an exercise of comparison. In recent years, however, calls have been made to turn the familiar tool of comparison into a central way to engage with international law. This is the idea of those spearheading the rise of a new field called comparative international law. This article critically examines the promotion of comparison as a central mode of engagement with international law and scrutinizes some of the main features of the comparativist project. It particularly shows that the comparativist project, far from laying bare the plurality of international legal thought and practice, enables a thought-colonizing enterprise. The article ends with some reflective observations on the possibility of limiting colonizing thinking in international legal studies. In doing so, it argues that it must remain possible for international lawyers to engage with alterity in a way that does not unilaterally manufacture the “other,” silence it, and speak on its behalf. This approach is called counter-comparability.
{"title":"Comparativism and Colonizing Thinking in International Law","authors":"Jean d’Aspremont","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Comparison is a very common tool for international lawyers. In fact, international law is built around, and draws upon, constructions necessitating an exercise of comparison. In recent years, however, calls have been made to turn the familiar tool of comparison into a central way to engage with international law. This is the idea of those spearheading the rise of a new field called comparative international law. This article critically examines the promotion of comparison as a central mode of engagement with international law and scrutinizes some of the main features of the comparativist project. It particularly shows that the comparativist project, far from laying bare the plurality of international legal thought and practice, enables a thought-colonizing enterprise. The article ends with some reflective observations on the possibility of limiting colonizing thinking in international legal studies. In doing so, it argues that it must remain possible for international lawyers to engage with alterity in a way that does not unilaterally manufacture the “other,” silence it, and speak on its behalf. This approach is called counter-comparability.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"89 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47507642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.1163/9789004443310_016
{"title":"Liste des donateurs de la bibliothèque du Tribunal international du droit de la mer pour l’année 2019*","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004443310_016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004443310_016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77497352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.1163/9789004443310_014
{"title":"Dispositions pertinentes d’accords internationaux conférant compétence au Tribunal","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004443310_014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004443310_014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80765816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.1163/9789004443310_010
{"title":"Biographies of the Judges, the Registrar and the Deputy Registrar","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004443310_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004443310_010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78241035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.1163/9789004443310_009
{"title":"Privileges and Immunities","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789004443310_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004443310_009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81700792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article explores the issue of whether individuals who join enemy forces during international armed conflicts are entitled to prisoner of war status upon capture. It presents the long-running debate on the topic through a study of divided scholarly opinions and judicial decisions. An original analysis of the competing theories is conducted on the basis of available state practice, treaty interpretation methodology, and novel critical arguments and proposals. The article seeks to challenge the value attributed to mainstream academic opinions and judicial precedents and open the debate in an area of international humanitarian law that is still under development.
{"title":"Defection and Prisoner of War Status: Protection under International Humanitarian Law for Those Who Join the Enemy?","authors":"Manuel Galvis Martínez","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the issue of whether individuals who join enemy forces during international armed conflicts are entitled to prisoner of war status upon capture. It presents the long-running debate on the topic through a study of divided scholarly opinions and judicial decisions. An original analysis of the competing theories is conducted on the basis of available state practice, treaty interpretation methodology, and novel critical arguments and proposals. The article seeks to challenge the value attributed to mainstream academic opinions and judicial precedents and open the debate in an area of international humanitarian law that is still under development.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"41 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47377014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
550 Stephen Randall is the Director of the Treaty Law Division in the Legal Affairs Bureau of Global Affairs Canada. / StephenRandall est le directeur de laDirection dudroit des traités au sein de la Direction générale des affaires juridiques d’Affaires mondiales Canada (info. jli@international.gc.ca). The Treaty Law Division of Global Affairs Canada is part of the Department’s Legal Affairs Bureau. The Division is responsible for providing legal advice to the federal government on international treaty law and for arrangements not intended to give rise to binding obligations. It is also responsible for procedures related to the making of treaties. This requires ensuring that the form and substance of international agreements into which Canada may enter conform to international law and Canadian practice. The Division is also responsible for the preparation of formal instruments relating to the signature and ratification of international treaties by the Government of Canada. The Treaty Law Division maintains the original text or a certified copy of treaties signed by Canada and publishes on an annual basis in the Canada Treaty Series (CTS) the texts of agreements that have come into force for Canada. This information is available at . / La Direction du droit des traités d’Affaires mondiales Canada fait partie de la Direction générale des affaires juridiques duMinistère. Elle est chargée de fournir des conseils juridiques au gouvernement fédéral concernant le droit international des traités ainsi que les instruments n’ayant pas pour objet de créer des obligations contraignantes. Elle est également responsable de la procédure liée à la conclusion des traités, et doit notamment s’assurer que la forme et le fond des accords internationaux qui pourraient être conclus par le Canada sont conformes au droit international et à la pratique canadienne. La Direction du droit des traités s’occupe en outre de la préparation des instruments officiels se rapportant à la signature et à la ratification des traités internationaux par le gouvernement du Canada. La Direction du droit des traités conserve le texte original ou une copie certifiée des traités signés par le Canada, et elle publie chaque année dans le Recueil des traités du Canada (RTC) les textes des accords qui sont entrés en vigueur pour le Canada. Cette information est disponible sur .
{"title":"Treaty Actions Taken by Canada in 2019","authors":"S. Randall","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.13","url":null,"abstract":"550 Stephen Randall is the Director of the Treaty Law Division in the Legal Affairs Bureau of Global Affairs Canada. / StephenRandall est le directeur de laDirection dudroit des traités au sein de la Direction générale des affaires juridiques d’Affaires mondiales Canada (info. jli@international.gc.ca). The Treaty Law Division of Global Affairs Canada is part of the Department’s Legal Affairs Bureau. The Division is responsible for providing legal advice to the federal government on international treaty law and for arrangements not intended to give rise to binding obligations. It is also responsible for procedures related to the making of treaties. This requires ensuring that the form and substance of international agreements into which Canada may enter conform to international law and Canadian practice. The Division is also responsible for the preparation of formal instruments relating to the signature and ratification of international treaties by the Government of Canada. The Treaty Law Division maintains the original text or a certified copy of treaties signed by Canada and publishes on an annual basis in the Canada Treaty Series (CTS) the texts of agreements that have come into force for Canada. This information is available at <http://www.treaty-accord.gc.ca>. / La Direction du droit des traités d’Affaires mondiales Canada fait partie de la Direction générale des affaires juridiques duMinistère. Elle est chargée de fournir des conseils juridiques au gouvernement fédéral concernant le droit international des traités ainsi que les instruments n’ayant pas pour objet de créer des obligations contraignantes. Elle est également responsable de la procédure liée à la conclusion des traités, et doit notamment s’assurer que la forme et le fond des accords internationaux qui pourraient être conclus par le Canada sont conformes au droit international et à la pratique canadienne. La Direction du droit des traités s’occupe en outre de la préparation des instruments officiels se rapportant à la signature et à la ratification des traités internationaux par le gouvernement du Canada. La Direction du droit des traités conserve le texte original ou une copie certifiée des traités signés par le Canada, et elle publie chaque année dans le Recueil des traités du Canada (RTC) les textes des accords qui sont entrés en vigueur pour le Canada. Cette information est disponible sur <http://www.treaty-accord.gc.ca>.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"550 - 557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46148124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bill C-82: Multilateral Instrument in Respect of Tax Conventions Act / Loi C-82: Loi sur l’instrument multilatéral relatif aux conventions fiscales Bill C-85: An Act to Amend the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act and to Make Related Amendments to Other Acts / Loi C-85: Loi modifiant la Loi de mise en oeuvre de l’Accord de libre-échange Canada-Israël et apportant des modifications connexes à d’autres lois Bill C-91: Indigenous Languages Act / Loi C-91: Loi sur les langues autochtones Bill C-92: An Act Respecting First Nations, Inuit andMétis Children, Youth and Families / Loi C-92: Loi concernant les enfants, les jeunes et les familles des Premières Nations, des Inuits et des Métis Bill C-100: Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement Implementation Act / Loi C-100: Loi de mise en œuvre de l’Accord Canada–États-Unis–Mexique
{"title":"Parliamentary Declarations in 2019","authors":"Richard Ositashvili, A. Logvin","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.6","url":null,"abstract":"Bill C-82: Multilateral Instrument in Respect of Tax Conventions Act / Loi C-82: Loi sur l’instrument multilatéral relatif aux conventions fiscales Bill C-85: An Act to Amend the Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act and to Make Related Amendments to Other Acts / Loi C-85: Loi modifiant la Loi de mise en oeuvre de l’Accord de libre-échange Canada-Israël et apportant des modifications connexes à d’autres lois Bill C-91: Indigenous Languages Act / Loi C-91: Loi sur les langues autochtones Bill C-92: An Act Respecting First Nations, Inuit andMétis Children, Youth and Families / Loi C-92: Loi concernant les enfants, les jeunes et les familles des Premières Nations, des Inuits et des Métis Bill C-100: Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement Implementation Act / Loi C-100: Loi de mise en œuvre de l’Accord Canada–États-Unis–Mexique","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"500 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article tracks the activism of the mining justice social movement since the late 1990s. As a starting point, this movement is conceptualized as a transnational political project that seeks to transform the terms of corporate resource extraction pursuant to the political and legal arrangements of neo-liberal economic globalization. In this context, the author reflects on the movement’s most significant human rights-oriented law reform projects in the Americas: Indigenous peoples’ right-to-consultation legislation in several Latin American countries and a series of non-judicial grievance mechanisms in Canada in response to the right to remedy norm in international law. Drawing on existing research, the author concludes that in both cases the state has responded with law and policy reforms that fall far short of achieving advocates’ objectives. The author argues that these shortcomings are due in part to the persistence of three liberal/neo-liberal ideologies in the reforms in question: formalism, voluntarism, and privatism. To better understand and explain these findings, the author turns to three critical theories of human rights legal activism: pragmatism, left critique/critical legal liberalism, and counter-hegemony. Examining the work of a range of scholars writing under the banner of each theory, the author identifies key debates and insights that may be instructive as the mining justice movement, and related social and environmental justice movements, continue to aspire towards a law reform agenda capable of addressing pressing global environmental and social justice issues.
{"title":"The Transnational Mining Justice Movement: Reflecting on Two Decades of Law Reform Activism in the Americas","authors":"Charis Kamphuis","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article tracks the activism of the mining justice social movement since the late 1990s. As a starting point, this movement is conceptualized as a transnational political project that seeks to transform the terms of corporate resource extraction pursuant to the political and legal arrangements of neo-liberal economic globalization. In this context, the author reflects on the movement’s most significant human rights-oriented law reform projects in the Americas: Indigenous peoples’ right-to-consultation legislation in several Latin American countries and a series of non-judicial grievance mechanisms in Canada in response to the right to remedy norm in international law. Drawing on existing research, the author concludes that in both cases the state has responded with law and policy reforms that fall far short of achieving advocates’ objectives. The author argues that these shortcomings are due in part to the persistence of three liberal/neo-liberal ideologies in the reforms in question: formalism, voluntarism, and privatism. To better understand and explain these findings, the author turns to three critical theories of human rights legal activism: pragmatism, left critique/critical legal liberalism, and counter-hegemony. Examining the work of a range of scholars writing under the banner of each theory, the author identifies key debates and insights that may be instructive as the mining justice movement, and related social and environmental justice movements, continue to aspire towards a law reform agenda capable of addressing pressing global environmental and social justice issues.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"286 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44383864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Compared to universal jurisdiction, active nationality jurisdiction remains one of the least understood and written about forms of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction. This article seeks to offer a normative account of the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by states over their nationals for crimes committed abroad such as sexual offences against minors, bribery of foreign public officials, or medical “circumvention” tourism. It highlights all of the reasons that militate against such assertions of jurisdiction as a matter of policy and law. It goes on to argue that the assertion of criminal jurisdiction over nationals for crimes committed abroad must be understood beyond its permissibility under international law as a modality that manifests the interests of the state of nationality, the territorial (host) state on occasion, the relevant individuals, and, increasingly, the international community.
{"title":"“Do Not Do Abroad What You Would Not Do at Home?”: An Exploration of the Rationales for Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction over a State’s Nationals","authors":"F. Mégret","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Compared to universal jurisdiction, active nationality jurisdiction remains one of the least understood and written about forms of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction. This article seeks to offer a normative account of the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by states over their nationals for crimes committed abroad such as sexual offences against minors, bribery of foreign public officials, or medical “circumvention” tourism. It highlights all of the reasons that militate against such assertions of jurisdiction as a matter of policy and law. It goes on to argue that the assertion of criminal jurisdiction over nationals for crimes committed abroad must be understood beyond its permissibility under international law as a modality that manifests the interests of the state of nationality, the territorial (host) state on occasion, the relevant individuals, and, increasingly, the international community.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"1 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45240257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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