574 Stephen Randall is the Director of the Treaty Law Division in the Legal Affairs Bureau of Global Affairs Canada. / StephenRandall est le directeur de laDirection dudroit des traités au sein de la Direction générale des affaires juridiques d’Affaires mondiales Canada (info. jli@international.gc.ca). The Treaty Law Division of Global Affairs Canada is part of the Department’s Legal Affairs Bureau. The Division is responsible for providing legal advice to the federal government on international treaty law and for arrangements not intended to give rise to binding obligations. It is also responsible for procedures related to the making of treaties. This requires ensuring that the form and substance of international agreements into which Canada may enter conform to international law and Canadian practice. The Division is also responsible for the preparation of formal instruments relating to the signature and ratification of international treaties by the Government of Canada. The Treaty Law Division maintains the original text or a certified copy of treaties signed by Canada and publishes on an annual basis in the Canada Treaty Series (CTS) the texts of agreements that have come into force for Canada. This information is available at . / La Direction du droit des traités d’Affaires mondiales Canada fait partie de la Direction générale des affaires juridiques du Ministère. Elle est chargée de fournir des conseils juridiques au gouvernement fédéral concernant le droit international des traités ainsi que les instruments n’ayant pas pour objet de créer des obligations contraignantes. Elle est également responsable de la procédure liée à la conclusion des traités, et doit notamment s’assurer que la forme et le fond des accords internationaux qui pourraient être conclus par le Canada sont conformes au droit international et à la pratique canadienne. La Direction du droit des traités s’occupe en outre de la préparation des instruments officiels se rapportant à la signature et à la ratification des traités internationaux par le gouvernement du Canada. La Direction du droit des traités conserve le texte original ou une copie certifiée des traités signés par le Canada, et elle publie chaque année dans le Recueil des traités du Canada (RTC) les textes des accords qui sont entrés en vigueur pour le Canada. Cette information est disponible sur .
574 Stephen Randall是加拿大全球事务法律事务局条约法司司长。/斯蒂芬·兰德尔(StephenRandall) /加拿大联邦司法事务主管主管加拿大联邦司法事务主管主管加拿大联邦司法事务主管主管加拿大联邦司法事务主管主管加拿大联邦司法事务主管主管加拿大联邦司法事务主管主管加拿大联邦司法事务主管主管。jli@international.gc.ca)。加拿大全球事务条约法司是该部法律事务局的一部分。司法司负责向联邦政府提供关于国际条约法的法律咨询意见和不打算产生约束性义务的安排。它还负责与订立条约有关的程序。这就要求确保加拿大可能加入的国际协定的形式和内容符合国际法和加拿大的惯例。该司还负责编写与加拿大政府签署和批准国际条约有关的正式文书。条约法司保存加拿大签署的条约的原文或核证副本，并每年在《加拿大条约丛书》(CTS)中公布对加拿大生效的协定文本。此信息可在。/由加拿大行政部门管辖的行政部门管辖的行政部门和由加拿大行政部门管辖的行政部门管辖的行政部门管辖的行政部门。国际刑事法庭和政府委员会规定的4个限期限期是关于国际法庭规定的4个限期限期，即规定的1个限期，即规定的1个限期，即规定的1个限期，即规定的1个限期。15 .所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的(或)所有的)。在所有的文件中，官员们看到了重要的文件签署和批准文件，即加拿大政府批准的文件。杜拉方向所有权des特质保护勒对于原始或者一个copie certifiee des特征发现par le加拿大等elle公立每annee在Recueil des特质du加拿大(RTC) les文本des协议是vigueur pour le加拿大之间。信息是一次性的。
{"title":"Treaty Actions Taken by Canada in 2020","authors":"S. Randall","doi":"10.1017/CYL.2021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CYL.2021.7","url":null,"abstract":"574 Stephen Randall is the Director of the Treaty Law Division in the Legal Affairs Bureau of Global Affairs Canada. / StephenRandall est le directeur de laDirection dudroit des traités au sein de la Direction générale des affaires juridiques d’Affaires mondiales Canada (info. jli@international.gc.ca). The Treaty Law Division of Global Affairs Canada is part of the Department’s Legal Affairs Bureau. The Division is responsible for providing legal advice to the federal government on international treaty law and for arrangements not intended to give rise to binding obligations. It is also responsible for procedures related to the making of treaties. This requires ensuring that the form and substance of international agreements into which Canada may enter conform to international law and Canadian practice. The Division is also responsible for the preparation of formal instruments relating to the signature and ratification of international treaties by the Government of Canada. The Treaty Law Division maintains the original text or a certified copy of treaties signed by Canada and publishes on an annual basis in the Canada Treaty Series (CTS) the texts of agreements that have come into force for Canada. This information is available at <www.treaty-accord.gc.ca>. / La Direction du droit des traités d’Affaires mondiales Canada fait partie de la Direction générale des affaires juridiques du Ministère. Elle est chargée de fournir des conseils juridiques au gouvernement fédéral concernant le droit international des traités ainsi que les instruments n’ayant pas pour objet de créer des obligations contraignantes. Elle est également responsable de la procédure liée à la conclusion des traités, et doit notamment s’assurer que la forme et le fond des accords internationaux qui pourraient être conclus par le Canada sont conformes au droit international et à la pratique canadienne. La Direction du droit des traités s’occupe en outre de la préparation des instruments officiels se rapportant à la signature et à la ratification des traités internationaux par le gouvernement du Canada. La Direction du droit des traités conserve le texte original ou une copie certifiée des traités signés par le Canada, et elle publie chaque année dans le Recueil des traités du Canada (RTC) les textes des accords qui sont entrés en vigueur pour le Canada. Cette information est disponible sur <www.treaty-accord.gc.ca/index. aspx?Lang=fra>.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"574 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/CYL.2021.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43979814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate Environmental Accountability in International Law, 2nd ed. By Elisa Morgera. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. xxiv + 290 pages.","authors":"Emily Cook-Bielech","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"682 - 690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2021.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Domestic Courts and the Interpretation of International Law: Methods and Reasoning Based on the Swiss Example. By Odile Ammann. Leiden: Brill / Nijhoff, 2019. 383 + xviii pages.","authors":"A. Facchinetti","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2021.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2021.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"662 - 668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2021.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43618742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
international law issues to support their interpretation of international rules; on the other hand, domestic court rulings must be sufficiently well known beyond their national borders to meaningfully contribute to the formation of international law. As a way forward to improve accessibility, Ammann suggests strengthening existing sources such as the International Law Reports and theOxford Reports of International Law in Domestic Courts with a view to reducing their current regional bias. She also proposes, quite ambitiously, to entrust the United Nations Office for Legal Affairs with the task of collecting and making available domestic case law. In conclusion, Ammann’s monograph is an innovative and very wellresearched work that lays down, from a normative perspective, the theoretical foundations for improving the domestic judicial interpretation of international law. Thanks to its systematic approach, the book will surely become a point of reference for scholars in the field. The theoretical chapters usefully serve as a point of departure to assess the domestic interpretation of international law in other jurisdictions. Besides opening new research paths, the book also offers practical guidance to domestic judges and, in more general terms, to legal practitioners, whether in Switzerland or elsewhere. As such, Ammann’s book successfully demonstrates that legal theory is not confined to Plato’s world of ideas but, rather, carries important implications for the practice of international law.
{"title":"Le dialogue entre les juridictions et quasi-juridictions internationales de protection des droits de la personne: L’exemple de la prohibition de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants. Par Silviana Cocan. Paris, LGDJ, 2020. 666 pages.","authors":"A. Elmekki","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2021.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2021.9","url":null,"abstract":"international law issues to support their interpretation of international rules; on the other hand, domestic court rulings must be sufficiently well known beyond their national borders to meaningfully contribute to the formation of international law. As a way forward to improve accessibility, Ammann suggests strengthening existing sources such as the International Law Reports and theOxford Reports of International Law in Domestic Courts with a view to reducing their current regional bias. She also proposes, quite ambitiously, to entrust the United Nations Office for Legal Affairs with the task of collecting and making available domestic case law. In conclusion, Ammann’s monograph is an innovative and very wellresearched work that lays down, from a normative perspective, the theoretical foundations for improving the domestic judicial interpretation of international law. Thanks to its systematic approach, the book will surely become a point of reference for scholars in the field. The theoretical chapters usefully serve as a point of departure to assess the domestic interpretation of international law in other jurisdictions. Besides opening new research paths, the book also offers practical guidance to domestic judges and, in more general terms, to legal practitioners, whether in Switzerland or elsewhere. As such, Ammann’s book successfully demonstrates that legal theory is not confined to Plato’s world of ideas but, rather, carries important implications for the practice of international law.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"668 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2021.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45121755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
définis par leur pratique jurisprudentielle, elles semblent exercer une fonction d’interprétation constitutionnelle, servant à encadrer le pouvoir exercé par l’État. Dans la mesure où les juridictions internationales n’interviennent qu’en dernier recours, après l’épuisement des voies de recours internes, les organes internationaux de protection des droits de la personne ont été assimilés à des cours suprêmes de facto. Cet ouvrage aborde des interrogations encore peu explorées en combinant les réflexions théoriques à des analyses des faits et de la jurisprudence. Il aborde des idées attrayantes comme le “cosmopolitisme juridique,” l’“interprétation normative globale,” la “global community of courts”; l’“objectivisme jurisprudentiel,” et la “globalisation du droit.”Les problèmes juridiques rencontrés seraient, de l’avis de l’auteure, dépassés à travers des interprétations extensives qui se positionnent en faveur de la personne humaine. À travers une analyse pertinente du dialogue des juges, l’auteure laisse entendre que, par l’entremise de l’utilisation croissante des éléments extra systémiques aux fins d’interprétation du droit international des droits de la personne, le dialogue inter-juridictionnel est en mesure de pallier l’absence d’un système juridique unique de protection et d’un droit global universel. Son étude ne passe pas sans adresser des critiques à la pratique jurisprudentielle, surtout lorsque celle-ci se cloisonne dans un positivisme rigide et un volontarisme excessif.
{"title":"The Elgar Companion to the International Criminal Court. Edited by Margaret M. deGuzman & Valerie Oosterveld. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2020. 421 + xiv pages.","authors":"G. MacNeil","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"définis par leur pratique jurisprudentielle, elles semblent exercer une fonction d’interprétation constitutionnelle, servant à encadrer le pouvoir exercé par l’État. Dans la mesure où les juridictions internationales n’interviennent qu’en dernier recours, après l’épuisement des voies de recours internes, les organes internationaux de protection des droits de la personne ont été assimilés à des cours suprêmes de facto. Cet ouvrage aborde des interrogations encore peu explorées en combinant les réflexions théoriques à des analyses des faits et de la jurisprudence. Il aborde des idées attrayantes comme le “cosmopolitisme juridique,” l’“interprétation normative globale,” la “global community of courts”; l’“objectivisme jurisprudentiel,” et la “globalisation du droit.”Les problèmes juridiques rencontrés seraient, de l’avis de l’auteure, dépassés à travers des interprétations extensives qui se positionnent en faveur de la personne humaine. À travers une analyse pertinente du dialogue des juges, l’auteure laisse entendre que, par l’entremise de l’utilisation croissante des éléments extra systémiques aux fins d’interprétation du droit international des droits de la personne, le dialogue inter-juridictionnel est en mesure de pallier l’absence d’un système juridique unique de protection et d’un droit global universel. Son étude ne passe pas sans adresser des critiques à la pratique jurisprudentielle, surtout lorsque celle-ci se cloisonne dans un positivisme rigide et un volontarisme excessif.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"674 - 682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treaties in Motion: The Evolution of Treaties from Formation to Termination. By Malgosia Fitzmaurice & Panos Merkouris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 384 + xlii pages.","authors":"André-Philippe Ouellet","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2021.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"658 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2021.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43730453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parliamentary Declarations in 2020","authors":"Richard Ositashvili, A. Logvin","doi":"10.1017/CYL.2021.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CYL.2021.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"531 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/CYL.2021.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The current international framework that purports to regulate the spread of communicable disease in the context of maritime traffic is a fragmented, internally inconsistent, and inadequately enforced patchwork of treaties (including the International Health Regulations (2005)) and customary international law. The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the current framework and revealed it to be inadequate to deal with a major global health emergency. States have imposed or failed to impose varying control measures, the effects of which have been witnessed on board passenger vessels around the world. The cruise industry, in particular, has a significant global economic impact; therefore, appropriate, enforceable international regulation is necessary to ensure the adequate control of future communicable disease outbreaks.
{"title":"Any Port in a Pandemic: International Law and Restrictions on Maritime Traffic during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Justin Okerman, B. V. von Tigerstrom","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2021.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current international framework that purports to regulate the spread of communicable disease in the context of maritime traffic is a fragmented, internally inconsistent, and inadequately enforced patchwork of treaties (including the International Health Regulations (2005)) and customary international law. The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the current framework and revealed it to be inadequate to deal with a major global health emergency. States have imposed or failed to impose varying control measures, the effects of which have been witnessed on board passenger vessels around the world. The cruise industry, in particular, has a significant global economic impact; therefore, appropriate, enforceable international regulation is necessary to ensure the adequate control of future communicable disease outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"194 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2021.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42101972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Résumé En mai 2019, le Canada a présenté sa soumission concernant son plateau continental étendu arctique à la Commission des limites du plateau continental. La délinéation des plateaux continentaux étendus, conformément à la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, résulte d’interprétations dans lesquelles s’entrelacent arguments scientifiques et juridiques à l’égard d’une situation géophysique singulière. Cet article examine la manière dont le Canada a composé avec la triple interprétation juridique, scientifique et factuelle à travers une étude articulée autour de la notion de “prolongement naturel.” Sont mis en relief les défis interprétatifs, mais aussi les opportunités que le Canada a saisies en participant au dégagement de consensus scientifiques et juridiques au soutien de la délinéation qu’il propose.
{"title":"Le “prolongement naturel” et le plateau continental étendu arctique du Canada: coopérer pour donner sens au droit, à la science et aux faits","authors":"Kristin Bartenstein, L. Gosselin","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé En mai 2019, le Canada a présenté sa soumission concernant son plateau continental étendu arctique à la Commission des limites du plateau continental. La délinéation des plateaux continentaux étendus, conformément à la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, résulte d’interprétations dans lesquelles s’entrelacent arguments scientifiques et juridiques à l’égard d’une situation géophysique singulière. Cet article examine la manière dont le Canada a composé avec la triple interprétation juridique, scientifique et factuelle à travers une étude articulée autour de la notion de “prolongement naturel.” Sont mis en relief les défis interprétatifs, mais aussi les opportunités que le Canada a saisies en participant au dégagement de consensus scientifiques et juridiques au soutien de la délinéation qu’il propose.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"48 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2021.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46965303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Globalization has effectively enabled Canada’s domestically incorporated mining companies to escape the jurisdiction of the courts of the world, allowing them to carry out human rights abuses abroad with impunity. In February 2020, however, the Supreme Court of Canada issued a landmark judgment, Nevsun Resources Ltd v Araya, which attempted to address this jurisdictional gap. This decision held that Canadian corporations could potentially be liable under domestic law for breaches of customary international law perpetrated abroad. The decision has been criticized for straying too far from a classically positivist conception of international law. This article argues that such criticisms are well founded insofar as the majority’s judgment implicitly relies on progressive human-centric theories of international law without adequately addressing how these are reconcilable with international law as it is currently applied. It then explores the ideas that drive the majority’s opinion in order to propose two alternative approaches to holding corporations accountable that are more readily reconcilable with traditional state-centric conceptions of international law. Adopting these revised approaches could less contentiously lead to corporate accountability before future domestic courts. Finally, this article considers the potential international developments and repercussions to which this and other forward-looking decisions could lead.
全球化有效地使加拿大在国内注册的矿业公司能够逃避世界法院的管辖，使它们能够在国外肆无忌惮地侵犯人权。然而，在2020年2月，加拿大最高法院发布了一项具有里程碑意义的判决，即nesun Resources Ltd v Araya，该判决试图解决这一管辖权差距。这项决定认为，根据国内法，加拿大公司可能对在国外犯下的违反习惯国际法的行为承担责任。这一决定被批评与经典实证主义的国际法概念相去甚远。本文认为，就多数人的判断隐含地依赖于进步的以人为中心的国际法理论而言，这些批评是有充分根据的，而没有充分解决这些理论如何与目前适用的国际法相协调。然后，它探讨了驱动多数意见的想法，以便提出两种替代方法来追究公司的责任，这两种方法更容易与传统的以国家为中心的国际法概念相协调。采用这些修订后的方法可能会减少在未来国内法院追究公司责任的争议。最后，本文考虑了这一决定和其他前瞻性决定可能导致的潜在国际事态发展和影响。
{"title":"Mining for Legal Luxuries: The Pitfalls and Potential of Nevsun Resources Ltd v Araya","authors":"Eva Monteiro","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Globalization has effectively enabled Canada’s domestically incorporated mining companies to escape the jurisdiction of the courts of the world, allowing them to carry out human rights abuses abroad with impunity. In February 2020, however, the Supreme Court of Canada issued a landmark judgment, Nevsun Resources Ltd v Araya, which attempted to address this jurisdictional gap. This decision held that Canadian corporations could potentially be liable under domestic law for breaches of customary international law perpetrated abroad. The decision has been criticized for straying too far from a classically positivist conception of international law. This article argues that such criticisms are well founded insofar as the majority’s judgment implicitly relies on progressive human-centric theories of international law without adequately addressing how these are reconcilable with international law as it is currently applied. It then explores the ideas that drive the majority’s opinion in order to propose two alternative approaches to holding corporations accountable that are more readily reconcilable with traditional state-centric conceptions of international law. Adopting these revised approaches could less contentiously lead to corporate accountability before future domestic courts. Finally, this article considers the potential international developments and repercussions to which this and other forward-looking decisions could lead.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"58 1","pages":"331 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2021.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47963073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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