The appellants, Stensia and Richard Tapambwa, were a married couple and citizens of Zimbabwe who both served in its army. They left the country in 2001 for the United States, then came to Canada in 2011. They made no claim for refugee protection in the United States but made such a claim in Canada. The Refugee Protection Division (RPD) found the Tapambwas excluded from protection by section 98 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA)1 on the ground that there were serious reasons to believe they were complicit in crimes against humanity committed by the Zimbabwe National Army. The RPD nevertheless went on to consider the substance of their claims and concluded that, even if they were not excluded by section 98, they faced nothing more than a remote risk of persecution in Zimbabwe and therefore were not refugees under section 96. Nor were the Tapambwas or their children persons in need of protection under section 97. Later, the Immigration Division determined the Tapambwas inadmissible for crimes against humanity and ordered their deportation. They sought
{"title":"Canadian Cases in Public International Law in 2019","authors":"Gib van Ert","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.21","url":null,"abstract":"The appellants, Stensia and Richard Tapambwa, were a married couple and citizens of Zimbabwe who both served in its army. They left the country in 2001 for the United States, then came to Canada in 2011. They made no claim for refugee protection in the United States but made such a claim in Canada. The Refugee Protection Division (RPD) found the Tapambwas excluded from protection by section 98 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA)1 on the ground that there were serious reasons to believe they were complicit in crimes against humanity committed by the Zimbabwe National Army. The RPD nevertheless went on to consider the substance of their claims and concluded that, even if they were not excluded by section 98, they faced nothing more than a remote risk of persecution in Zimbabwe and therefore were not refugees under section 96. Nor were the Tapambwas or their children persons in need of protection under section 97. Later, the Immigration Division determined the Tapambwas inadmissible for crimes against humanity and ordered their deportation. They sought","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"558 - 592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42286731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CYL volume 57 Cover and Front matter","authors":"Annuaire canadien","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"f1 - f8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43728757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article takes stock of the contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) to the development of international environmental law. It examines in this regard the jurisdiction of the tribunal and provides an overview of its environmental jurisprudence. It then assesses the potential role of ITLOS in relation to some marine environmental challenges ahead. In particular, it considers the possibility of a request for an advisory opinion on climate change, the settlement of disputes regarding deep seabed mining, and the potential role of the tribunal under a new legal instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.
{"title":"The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment: Taking Stock and Prospects","authors":"Sandrine W. De Herdt, T. Ndiaye","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article takes stock of the contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) to the development of international environmental law. It examines in this regard the jurisdiction of the tribunal and provides an overview of its environmental jurisprudence. It then assesses the potential role of ITLOS in relation to some marine environmental challenges ahead. In particular, it considers the possibility of a request for an advisory opinion on climate change, the settlement of disputes regarding deep seabed mining, and the potential role of the tribunal under a new legal instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"353 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44143156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E 2019, l’actualité du commerce international a été riche tant aux plans multilatéral, régional que national, une actualité particulièrement marquée par des tensions commerciales tous azimuts. Générées par la montée en puissance des restrictions commerciales appliquées par les pays membres de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC),1 ces tensions commerciales n’ont pas manqué de provoquer des incertitudes sur le commerce international. Les relations commerciales qu’entretient le Canada avec ses partenaires étrangers n’ont pas davantage été épargnées par ce contexte. Au plan multilatéral, l’année 2019 a été marquée par une foule de paradoxes, dont le plus caractéristique est celui concernant l’appel à la
{"title":"Commerce","authors":"Hervé A. Prince","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.20","url":null,"abstract":"E 2019, l’actualité du commerce international a été riche tant aux plans multilatéral, régional que national, une actualité particulièrement marquée par des tensions commerciales tous azimuts. Générées par la montée en puissance des restrictions commerciales appliquées par les pays membres de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC),1 ces tensions commerciales n’ont pas manqué de provoquer des incertitudes sur le commerce international. Les relations commerciales qu’entretient le Canada avec ses partenaires étrangers n’ont pas davantage été épargnées par ce contexte. Au plan multilatéral, l’année 2019 a été marquée par une foule de paradoxes, dont le plus caractéristique est celui concernant l’appel à la","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"415 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48275023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L 2019 en est une de pause pour le Canada sur le plan du droit international de l’investissement. Aucun développement significatif n’est survenu dans sa pratique conventionnelle, ni dans sa pratique contentieuse ou celle des investisseurs canadiens à l’étranger. Le processus de ratification des accords d’investissement conclus antérieurement a suivi son cours, alors que deux sentences ont octroyé des dommages peu élevés en comparaison avec le montant réclamé par les investisseurs américain et canadien lésés. La Cour de justice de l’Union européenne a cependant rendu son Avis 1/17,1 très attendu, sur la compatibilité avec le droit de l’Union européenne du système juridictionnel de règlement des différends entre investisseur et État (RDIE) mis en place par l’Accord économique et commercial global entre le Canada, d’une part, et l’Union européenne et ses États membres, d’autre part (AÉCG).2 Compte tenu de son importance à la fois pour la poursuite du processus de ratification de l’AÉCG et pour la réflexion sur la réforme du RDIE, l’Avis 1/17 fait l’objet de développements particuliers dans la chronique cette année. Un tour d’horizon des principaux autres faits marquants de 2019 est d’abord effectué.
{"title":"Investissement","authors":"Charles-Emmanuel Côté","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.19","url":null,"abstract":"L 2019 en est une de pause pour le Canada sur le plan du droit international de l’investissement. Aucun développement significatif n’est survenu dans sa pratique conventionnelle, ni dans sa pratique contentieuse ou celle des investisseurs canadiens à l’étranger. Le processus de ratification des accords d’investissement conclus antérieurement a suivi son cours, alors que deux sentences ont octroyé des dommages peu élevés en comparaison avec le montant réclamé par les investisseurs américain et canadien lésés. La Cour de justice de l’Union européenne a cependant rendu son Avis 1/17,1 très attendu, sur la compatibilité avec le droit de l’Union européenne du système juridictionnel de règlement des différends entre investisseur et État (RDIE) mis en place par l’Accord économique et commercial global entre le Canada, d’une part, et l’Union européenne et ses États membres, d’autre part (AÉCG).2 Compte tenu de son importance à la fois pour la poursuite du processus de ratification de l’AÉCG et pour la réflexion sur la réforme du RDIE, l’Avis 1/17 fait l’objet de développements particuliers dans la chronique cette année. Un tour d’horizon des principaux autres faits marquants de 2019 est d’abord effectué.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"447 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57161757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"At Global Affairs Canada in 2019","authors":"Alan H. Kessel","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"472 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48008474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
386 BernardDuhaime, professeur auDépartement des sciences juridiques de la Faculté de science politique et droit de l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), membre du Groupe de travail sur les disparitions forcées ou involontaires de l’Organisation desNationsUnies, lauréat de la Fondation Pierre-Eliott Trudeau (2017–21) (duhaime.bernard@uqam.ca). Elise Hansbury, coordonnatrice de la formation et du laboratoire des droits humains chez Avocats sans frontières Canada, doctorante en droit, Département des sciences juridiques de la Faculté de science politique et droit de l’UQAM (elise.hansbury@gmail.com). Certaines sections de ce texte ont été présentées lors du panel “Actualités de 2019 de l’Annuaire canadien de droit international” du 48 congrès annuel du Conseil canadien de droit international, le 24 octobre 2019, en collaboration avec Éloïse Ouellet-Décoste. Les auteurs tiennent à remercier les organisateurs de cet évènement. 1 L’Organisation des États Américains (OÉA ou l’Organisation) est une organisation internationale régionale au sens de l’article 52de laCharte des Nations Unies, 26 juin 1945,1RTNU 16, 59 Stat 1031, TS 993, 3 Bevans 1153 (entrée en vigueur: 24 octobre 1945), qui regroupe les États suivants: Antigua-et-Barbuda, Argentine, Les Bahamas, Barbade, Belize, Bolivie, Brésil, Canada, Chili, Colombie, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominique, Équateur, El Salvador, États-Unis, Grenade, Guatemala, Guyana, Haïti, Honduras, Jamaïque, Mexique, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Pérou, République dominicaine, Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis, Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines, Sainte-Lucie, Suriname, Trinité-et-Tobago, Uruguay, et Venezuela. 2 Voir James L Cavallaro et al, Doctrine, Practice, and Advocacy in the Inter-American Human Rights System, New York, Oxford University Press, 2019.
{"title":"Les développements en droit interaméricain pour l’année 2019","authors":"Bernard Duhaime, Elise Hansbury","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.16","url":null,"abstract":"386 BernardDuhaime, professeur auDépartement des sciences juridiques de la Faculté de science politique et droit de l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), membre du Groupe de travail sur les disparitions forcées ou involontaires de l’Organisation desNationsUnies, lauréat de la Fondation Pierre-Eliott Trudeau (2017–21) (duhaime.bernard@uqam.ca). Elise Hansbury, coordonnatrice de la formation et du laboratoire des droits humains chez Avocats sans frontières Canada, doctorante en droit, Département des sciences juridiques de la Faculté de science politique et droit de l’UQAM (elise.hansbury@gmail.com). Certaines sections de ce texte ont été présentées lors du panel “Actualités de 2019 de l’Annuaire canadien de droit international” du 48 congrès annuel du Conseil canadien de droit international, le 24 octobre 2019, en collaboration avec Éloïse Ouellet-Décoste. Les auteurs tiennent à remercier les organisateurs de cet évènement. 1 L’Organisation des États Américains (OÉA ou l’Organisation) est une organisation internationale régionale au sens de l’article 52de laCharte des Nations Unies, 26 juin 1945,1RTNU 16, 59 Stat 1031, TS 993, 3 Bevans 1153 (entrée en vigueur: 24 octobre 1945), qui regroupe les États suivants: Antigua-et-Barbuda, Argentine, Les Bahamas, Barbade, Belize, Bolivie, Brésil, Canada, Chili, Colombie, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominique, Équateur, El Salvador, États-Unis, Grenade, Guatemala, Guyana, Haïti, Honduras, Jamaïque, Mexique, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Pérou, République dominicaine, Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis, Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines, Sainte-Lucie, Suriname, Trinité-et-Tobago, Uruguay, et Venezuela. 2 Voir James L Cavallaro et al, Doctrine, Practice, and Advocacy in the Inter-American Human Rights System, New York, Oxford University Press, 2019.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"386 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45285825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
chapters and through the profile of some of its authors, an activist content, the fact remains that the various subjects are treated seriously. It is not a groundbreaking book on the theory of law and international relations and thankfully so. Instead, the book serves as an indispensable bridge between the theory and practice of law and international relations, providing a useful guide for understanding the complex relationships between law, politics, and power in the implementation of human rights on both the international and national legal planes. As Louise Arbour herself has explained, unless there are gaps, the law is not often the most difficult issue; it is at the political level, when rights have to be given concrete meaning, that things get tough. Her words of advice animate this book: “[T]rust your instinct. Don’t be scared. You have to be able to take risks, not to fit themold and not to let anybody squeeze you into their expectations.”
{"title":"Performance Requirement Prohibitions in International Investment Law. Par Alexandre Genest. Leiden: Brill, 2019. 274 + iv pages.","authors":"Pierre Savoie","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.8","url":null,"abstract":"chapters and through the profile of some of its authors, an activist content, the fact remains that the various subjects are treated seriously. It is not a groundbreaking book on the theory of law and international relations and thankfully so. Instead, the book serves as an indispensable bridge between the theory and practice of law and international relations, providing a useful guide for understanding the complex relationships between law, politics, and power in the implementation of human rights on both the international and national legal planes. As Louise Arbour herself has explained, unless there are gaps, the law is not often the most difficult issue; it is at the political level, when rights have to be given concrete meaning, that things get tough. Her words of advice animate this book: “[T]rust your instinct. Don’t be scared. You have to be able to take risks, not to fit themold and not to let anybody squeeze you into their expectations.”","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"667 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43023252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) with a functional organization based on a structure of national societies and committees that independently represent it and carry out its work in numerous countries around the world. An essential element of this NGO’s functions, which are indeed very special, is the emblem that marks all of the activities the organization carries out, a symbol that is truly known in every corner of the globe. Given the organization’s prestige and everything its emblem represents, the need to protect this symbol arises in all contexts where it might be used, whether by the ICRC itself or by third parties, with or without authorization. This article reviews the numerous international, national, and internal rules that seek to regulate this emblem and its protection in all such models of its potential use.
{"title":"Commercial Use of the Emblems of International Bodies: The Case of the International Committee of the Red Cross","authors":"J. M. V. Retamosa","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) with a functional organization based on a structure of national societies and committees that independently represent it and carry out its work in numerous countries around the world. An essential element of this NGO’s functions, which are indeed very special, is the emblem that marks all of the activities the organization carries out, a symbol that is truly known in every corner of the globe. Given the organization’s prestige and everything its emblem represents, the need to protect this symbol arises in all contexts where it might be used, whether by the ICRC itself or by third parties, with or without authorization. This article reviews the numerous international, national, and internal rules that seek to regulate this emblem and its protection in all such models of its potential use.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"256 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47157585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract American trade policy under the Trump administration can be summed up in one expression, “America First,” which the US president himself has repeated many times. Driven by a rejection of multilateralism, the United States has adopted numerous measures designed to maintain or stimulate domestic industry or to tighten economic policies both domestically and towards foreign trading partners. Reflecting isolationist and nationalist economic theories, these measures are the anchor for a return of economic frontiers to the United States. Yet the United States is at the heart of globalization and cannot completely isolate itself without risking an economic meltdown. This is all the more true since it has been the driving force behind the creation of the multilateral trading system since the end of the Second World War. This change of economic vision by one of the world’s greatest powers can only be a turning point in the recent history of international economic relations. As such, one may wonder whether America First and the set of measures adopted in its name also foreshadow a phase of retreat for international trade law or whether, on the contrary, they are an opportunity for reform of an area of the law that has been struggling to evolve for several decades.
{"title":"“America First” and the Return of Economic Isolationism and Nationalism to the United States: A Historic Turning Point for International Trade Law","authors":"G. Dufour, Delphine Ducasse","doi":"10.1017/cyl.2020.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract American trade policy under the Trump administration can be summed up in one expression, “America First,” which the US president himself has repeated many times. Driven by a rejection of multilateralism, the United States has adopted numerous measures designed to maintain or stimulate domestic industry or to tighten economic policies both domestically and towards foreign trading partners. Reflecting isolationist and nationalist economic theories, these measures are the anchor for a return of economic frontiers to the United States. Yet the United States is at the heart of globalization and cannot completely isolate itself without risking an economic meltdown. This is all the more true since it has been the driving force behind the creation of the multilateral trading system since the end of the Second World War. This change of economic vision by one of the world’s greatest powers can only be a turning point in the recent history of international economic relations. As such, one may wonder whether America First and the set of measures adopted in its name also foreshadow a phase of retreat for international trade law or whether, on the contrary, they are an opportunity for reform of an area of the law that has been struggling to evolve for several decades.","PeriodicalId":52441,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian yearbook of international law. Annuaire canadien de droit international","volume":"57 1","pages":"223 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/cyl.2020.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45879755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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