{"title":"Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana: Trade in the French Atlantic World by Erin M. Greenwald (review)","authors":"Patrick D. Hagge","doi":"10.1353/HGO.2018.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/HGO.2018.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"322 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/HGO.2018.0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44333051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
wielded by PR fi rms operated alongside military reconnaissance as a bulwark against the Soviet threat. Mingus does a good job at giving nuance to potentially highly polemical subject matter, such as the contradictions of denazifi cation, or how the Western Allies consistently violated treaty agreements with the Soviets outlined at Yalta and Potsdam leading to the Berlin blockade. However, at times it can read too much like a dissertation, overburdened with details like a failed concept for a PR contract bid to represent West Germany in the US. Moreover, the work is short and somewhat limited in scope; those specifi cally interested in denazifi cation or remapping East Germany will have to continue elsewhere. Nevertheless, Mingus presents an important contribution to a timely subject, as supranational institutions birthed during this time, like NATO and the European Union, are called into question and remapped.
{"title":"The Lewis and Clark Expedition Day by Day by Gary E. Moulton (review)","authors":"Robert Briwa","doi":"10.1353/hgo.2018.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hgo.2018.0004","url":null,"abstract":"wielded by PR fi rms operated alongside military reconnaissance as a bulwark against the Soviet threat. Mingus does a good job at giving nuance to potentially highly polemical subject matter, such as the contradictions of denazifi cation, or how the Western Allies consistently violated treaty agreements with the Soviets outlined at Yalta and Potsdam leading to the Berlin blockade. However, at times it can read too much like a dissertation, overburdened with details like a failed concept for a PR contract bid to represent West Germany in the US. Moreover, the work is short and somewhat limited in scope; those specifi cally interested in denazifi cation or remapping East Germany will have to continue elsewhere. Nevertheless, Mingus presents an important contribution to a timely subject, as supranational institutions birthed during this time, like NATO and the European Union, are called into question and remapped.","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"338 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/hgo.2018.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47273471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Climate histories are frequently modeled on hemispheric, ocean basin, or continental scales. Human impacts are local, varying significantly over small scales of space and time. Geographical differentiation of impacts between sites separated by a few tens of meters can have significant and enduring consequences. Archaeological, archival, cartographic, and sedimentological evidence, cross-scale analysis of regional climate trends, and simulation mapping of individual weather events offer novel perspectives on survival versus destruction at the hyperlocal scale, with relevance to current debates about climate change impacts. Shetland, north of Scotland, has had continuous human occupations for over six thousand years, where settlement has waxed and waned due to the complex interplay of cultural and environmental factors. Against general trends of both continuity and change, local exceptions stand out that illustrate extreme variability at the local scale. This paper focuses on the township of Broo destroyed by blowing sand in the late seventeenth century. In contrast, adjacent communities survived and flourished. Increased storminess, abundant sediment supply, and vegetation removal precipitated Broo's destruction. Local variations in landscape morphology influenced patterns of wind flow and sand deposition during storm events, creating localized effects that heavily impacted Broo. Reconstruction of Broo's historical borders, and analysis of place-names, farm locations, and archival records show that some inhabitants of the township adapted to the environmental challenges, relocated, and remained on the land. This pattern of resilience in the face of environmental change is visible in other locations in the region.
{"title":"The Hyperlocal Geography of Climate Change Impacts: Long-Term Perspectives on Storm Survivability from the Shetland Islands","authors":"M. Bampton, A. Kelley, J. Kelley","doi":"10.1353/HGO.2018.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/HGO.2018.0028","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Climate histories are frequently modeled on hemispheric, ocean basin, or continental scales. Human impacts are local, varying significantly over small scales of space and time. Geographical differentiation of impacts between sites separated by a few tens of meters can have significant and enduring consequences. Archaeological, archival, cartographic, and sedimentological evidence, cross-scale analysis of regional climate trends, and simulation mapping of individual weather events offer novel perspectives on survival versus destruction at the hyperlocal scale, with relevance to current debates about climate change impacts. Shetland, north of Scotland, has had continuous human occupations for over six thousand years, where settlement has waxed and waned due to the complex interplay of cultural and environmental factors. Against general trends of both continuity and change, local exceptions stand out that illustrate extreme variability at the local scale. This paper focuses on the township of Broo destroyed by blowing sand in the late seventeenth century. In contrast, adjacent communities survived and flourished. Increased storminess, abundant sediment supply, and vegetation removal precipitated Broo's destruction. Local variations in landscape morphology influenced patterns of wind flow and sand deposition during storm events, creating localized effects that heavily impacted Broo. Reconstruction of Broo's historical borders, and analysis of place-names, farm locations, and archival records show that some inhabitants of the township adapted to the environmental challenges, relocated, and remained on the land. This pattern of resilience in the face of environmental change is visible in other locations in the region.","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"129 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/HGO.2018.0028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This paper looks at the British eclipse expeditions to Brazil and Príncipe of May 1919, which were undertaken to find proof of Einstein's general theory of relativity by measuring the deflection of starlight at a solar eclipse. Much has been written on the mathematical implications of the results of these eclipse expeditions and the motives of the astronomers involved, but less attention has been paid to the expeditions themselves. In analyzing the specific geographies of these expeditions, this paper will demonstrate that they were shaped by a multitude of factors, including networks of commerce and political relations in a world of growing postwar international cooperation and colonial legacies, while also affirming the importance of the expedition as a tool of research for astrophysical and astronomical science at this time. Analyzing the roles of colonial administrators and unnamed assistants that took part in the expedition process along with the spaces within which they worked provides a critical geographical view of these expeditions and their significance as an episode of early twentieth-century science.
{"title":"Astronomical Fieldwork and the Spaces of Relativity: The Historical Geographies of the 1919 British Eclipse Expeditions to Príncipe and Brazil","authors":"R. Mawhinney","doi":"10.1353/HGO.2018.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/HGO.2018.0032","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This paper looks at the British eclipse expeditions to Brazil and Príncipe of May 1919, which were undertaken to find proof of Einstein's general theory of relativity by measuring the deflection of starlight at a solar eclipse. Much has been written on the mathematical implications of the results of these eclipse expeditions and the motives of the astronomers involved, but less attention has been paid to the expeditions themselves. In analyzing the specific geographies of these expeditions, this paper will demonstrate that they were shaped by a multitude of factors, including networks of commerce and political relations in a world of growing postwar international cooperation and colonial legacies, while also affirming the importance of the expedition as a tool of research for astrophysical and astronomical science at this time. Analyzing the roles of colonial administrators and unnamed assistants that took part in the expedition process along with the spaces within which they worked provides a critical geographical view of these expeditions and their significance as an episode of early twentieth-century science.","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"203 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/HGO.2018.0032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41493481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:Academic offerings in historical geography may be in a period of eclipse, but scholarship on geographies of the past is prolific. There are several reasons for this, and one that is often overlooked is the fundamental value of this line of inquiry beyond the academy. This lecture considers three historical maps as tools to examine the values of historical geography to current and future societies. A 1940s depiction of a chemical plant's toxic dump exposes knowledge of hazardous wastes well before federal legislation addressed this danger. It had significant value in recent environmental litigation and federal efforts to clean up damaged landscapes. An 1850s sanitary map of New Orleans reveals early efforts to depict threats and to delimit the sources of epidemic disease that foretold the emergence of risk assessment and served as a stepping stone in hazards mapping. New Orleans's "Green Dot" map released in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina highlights the erosion of social memory in adapting to hazardous situations and the need for planners and government bodies to allow thorough and effective citizen participation in responding to changing environments. Each represents a different type of value, while underscoring the deep and enduring social contributions that can arise from well-researched and clearly written historical geography.
{"title":"The Values of Practicing Historical Geography","authors":"C. Colten","doi":"10.1353/HGO.2018.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/HGO.2018.0023","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Academic offerings in historical geography may be in a period of eclipse, but scholarship on geographies of the past is prolific. There are several reasons for this, and one that is often overlooked is the fundamental value of this line of inquiry beyond the academy. This lecture considers three historical maps as tools to examine the values of historical geography to current and future societies. A 1940s depiction of a chemical plant's toxic dump exposes knowledge of hazardous wastes well before federal legislation addressed this danger. It had significant value in recent environmental litigation and federal efforts to clean up damaged landscapes. An 1850s sanitary map of New Orleans reveals early efforts to depict threats and to delimit the sources of epidemic disease that foretold the emergence of risk assessment and served as a stepping stone in hazards mapping. New Orleans's \"Green Dot\" map released in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina highlights the erosion of social memory in adapting to hazardous situations and the need for planners and government bodies to allow thorough and effective citizen participation in responding to changing environments. Each represents a different type of value, while underscoring the deep and enduring social contributions that can arise from well-researched and clearly written historical geography.","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/HGO.2018.0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45203737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ing the foundation of Western understanding of Marx and Engels. “It is not consciousness that determines life, but life that determines consciousness” (xi). He posits that the CPK leadership seemed to think that it was the degree of political consciousness that could be jammed into the proletariat that refl ected the material success of the revolution. In short, by fl ipping dialectical materialism on its head, political consciousness determined life and those who were unable or unwilling to submit were disappeared. “Spare them, no profi t; remove them, no loss” (Tuk min chammenh, dah chenh ka min khat) (xix). In summary, Tyner’s work provides a thoughtprovoking point of view for scholars to debate. As urged by the author, Cambodia watchers may also wish to interpret his message as a credible warning that in the kingdom of Cambodia, state capitalism policies and practices are still residing under the thinnest veil of democracy. Both Cambodian and world leaders are well advised to do the needful in avoiding yet another Th ucydides’ Trap. As demonstrated during the Khmer Rouge era, dialectic materialism can produce a strong temptation for the super powers to square off using dependent vassal states as their pawns. In exploring CPK revolutionary state capitalism as pure dialectical materialism under the guise of communism, Tyner makes a solid contribution to the canon while giving the critical thinker much to ponder.
为西方理解马克思恩格斯奠定了基础。“不是意识决定生命，而是生命决定意识”（xi）。他认为，共产党领导层似乎认为，正是无产阶级的政治意识程度反映了革命的物质成功。简而言之，通过颠覆辩证唯物主义，政治意识决定了生命，那些不能或不愿服从的人消失了。“放过他们，就没有利润；除掉他们，就不会损失”（Tuk min chammenh，dah chenh ka min khat）（xix）。总之，泰纳的著作为学者们的辩论提供了一个发人深省的观点。正如作者所敦促的那样，柬埔寨观察家们可能也希望将他的信息解读为一个可信的警告，即在柬埔寨王国，国家资本主义政策和做法仍然笼罩在最薄的民主面纱之下。柬埔寨和世界领导人都被建议采取必要措施，避免另一个Th ucydides陷阱。正如红色高棉时代所证明的那样，辩证唯物主义会对超级大国产生强烈的诱惑，让它们把附属的附庸国当作自己的棋子。泰纳以共产主义为幌子，将中国共产党革命国家资本主义探索为纯粹的辩证唯物主义，他对经典做出了坚实的贡献，同时也给了批判思想家许多思考。
{"title":"England's Maritime Heritage from the Air by Peter Waller (review)","authors":"Henry Way","doi":"10.1353/hgo.2018.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hgo.2018.0010","url":null,"abstract":"ing the foundation of Western understanding of Marx and Engels. “It is not consciousness that determines life, but life that determines consciousness” (xi). He posits that the CPK leadership seemed to think that it was the degree of political consciousness that could be jammed into the proletariat that refl ected the material success of the revolution. In short, by fl ipping dialectical materialism on its head, political consciousness determined life and those who were unable or unwilling to submit were disappeared. “Spare them, no profi t; remove them, no loss” (Tuk min chammenh, dah chenh ka min khat) (xix). In summary, Tyner’s work provides a thoughtprovoking point of view for scholars to debate. As urged by the author, Cambodia watchers may also wish to interpret his message as a credible warning that in the kingdom of Cambodia, state capitalism policies and practices are still residing under the thinnest veil of democracy. Both Cambodian and world leaders are well advised to do the needful in avoiding yet another Th ucydides’ Trap. As demonstrated during the Khmer Rouge era, dialectic materialism can produce a strong temptation for the super powers to square off using dependent vassal states as their pawns. In exploring CPK revolutionary state capitalism as pure dialectical materialism under the guise of communism, Tyner makes a solid contribution to the canon while giving the critical thinker much to ponder.","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"353 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/hgo.2018.0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48850290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atlas of Nebraska by J. Clark Archer et al. (review)","authors":"R. Kirby, J. T. Bauer","doi":"10.1353/hgo.2018.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hgo.2018.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"292 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/hgo.2018.0035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49302716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary: Old and New","authors":"K. Lane","doi":"10.1353/HGO.2018.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/HGO.2018.0029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"151 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/HGO.2018.0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48776271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remapping Modern Germany after National Socialism, 1945–1961 by Matthew D. Mingus (review)","authors":"Marcus Owens","doi":"10.1353/HGO.2018.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/HGO.2018.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"335 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/HGO.2018.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geographies of an Imperial Power: The British World, 1688–1815 by Jeremy Black (review)","authors":"Judith Otto","doi":"10.1353/hgo.2018.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hgo.2018.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52459,"journal":{"name":"Historical Geography","volume":"46 1","pages":"300 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/hgo.2018.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46040013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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