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Experiment and calibration of contact parameters of Mactra veneriformis based on DEM 基于 DEM 的乳蝇接触参数实验与校准
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00801-3
Yuzhong Lou, Guochen Zhang, Xiuchen Li, Qian Zhang, Hanbing Zhang, Jiajia Zhao, Hangqi LI, Hao Wu, Zhuqiao Ye, Zhilei Zhang, Yuchao Zhou, Xiaojie Shang, Shuai Lv, Yizhi Chang, Gang Mu

Mactra veneriformis represents the dominant species in China’s mudflat aquaculture. The discrete element model of M. veneriformis and its contact parameters serve as an important basis for the optimization design and simulation study of aquaculture and processing equipment. The contact parameters of the discrete element model of M. veneriformis were measured and calibrated by a combination of experimental testing and simulation calibration. The study measured the range of collision recovery, static, and rolling friction coefficients between M. veneriformis and stainless steel. The Plackett–Burman multifactorial significance screening test was then conducted for the split-cylinder method, the rotate-cylinder method, and the single-cylinder method particle characterization test methods. The ANOVA results were utilized to calibrate the contact parameters. The collision recovery coefficient of 0.29 between M. veneriformisM. veneriformis and 0.28 between M. veneriformis–stainless steel. The coefficient of static friction of 0.41 was determined between M. veneriformisM. veneriformis, a coefficient of static friction of 0.62 between M. veneriformis–stainless steel, and a coefficient of rolling friction of 0.23 between M. veneriformisM. veneriformis and a coefficient of rolling friction of 0.16 between M. veneriformis–stainless steel. After calibration, simulation tests were conducted using the side plate lifting method to verify the contact parameters of the discrete elements of M. veneriformis. The results showed that the simulation angle of repose of the calibrated M. veneriformis had an error of 4% concerning the true angle, thus verifying the contact parameters of the M. veneriformis. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference for future research on the optimal design and simulation of the sowing, harvesting, and processing equipment of M. veneriformis. The research methodology employed can provide novel insights for research on discrete elemental parameter calibration of agricultural materials, which has not been extensively studied.

金眼鲷是中国滩涂水产养殖的优势品种。鱼芒离散元模型及其接触参数是水产养殖和加工设备优化设计与仿真研究的重要依据。通过实验测试和模拟校准相结合的方法,测量和校准了栉水母离散元模型的接触参数。研究测量了栉水母与不锈钢之间的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数的范围。然后对分圆筒法、旋转圆筒法和单筒法颗粒表征测试方法进行了 Plackett-Burman 多因素显著性筛选测试。方差分析结果用于校准接触参数。碰撞恢复系数在 M. veneriformis-M. veneriformis 之间为 0.29,在 M. veneriformis-Stainless steel 之间为 0.28。经测定,M. veneriformis-M. veneriformis 之间的静摩擦系数为 0.41,M. veneriformis-Stainless steel 之间的静摩擦系数为 0.62,M. veneriformis-M. veneriformis 之间的滚动摩擦系数为 0.23,M. veneriformis-Stainless steel 之间的滚动摩擦系数为 0.16。校准后,使用侧板提升法进行了模拟试验,以验证栉水母离散元素的接触参数。结果表明,校准后的瓶形菌模拟倾角与真实倾角的误差为 4%,从而验证了瓶形菌的接触参数。本研究的结果可为今后有关马钱子播种、收获和加工设备的优化设计和模拟研究提供有价值的参考。所采用的研究方法可为尚未广泛研究的农业材料离散元素参数校准研究提供新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Discrete element simulation of powder layer spreading by blade sliding: packing factor, mechanism, and optimization 通过叶片滑动实现粉末层铺展的离散元模拟:堆积因子、机理与优化
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00808-w
L. Dai, Y. R. Chan, G. Vastola, Y. W. Zhang

We utilized the discrete element method to simulate the packing of a powder layer by blade spread. Our study revealed the following findings: (1) We uncovered a hereditary relationship that exists between the pouring heap and the packing layer, which plays a significant role in the non-uniform distribution of powder in the packing layer in terms of sizes and shapes. (2) We systematically analysed the influence of sliding speed on powder packing and recommended a threshold sliding rate of 0.15 m/s for achieving a high packing quality. (3) Contrary to the conventional belief that non-spherical powders tend to reduce packing density, our study discovered that the inclusion of a small portion of non-spherical powders can create pathways for efficient gap-filling, resulting in denser packings. (4) By adjusting inter-powder interactions, we observed a transition from discrete powder packing to cluster deposition. (5) We proposed and demonstrated the efficacy of a two-step spreading technique followed by multiple shaking cycles in achieving maximum random packing density. Overall, our work provides a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms involved in the powder spreading process through blade sliding, which may lead to enhanced powder packing density and uniformity and ultimately improved outcomes in additive manufacturing.

我们利用离散元素法模拟了叶片铺展粉末层的填料。我们的研究揭示了以下结论:(1)我们发现了浇注堆和填料层之间存在的遗传关系,这种关系对填料层中粉末大小和形状的不均匀分布起着重要作用。(2) 我们系统地分析了滑动速度对粉末填料的影响,并推荐了 0.15 米/秒的临界滑动速度,以获得较高的填料质量。(3) 与非球形粉末容易降低填料密度的传统观点相反,我们的研究发现,加入一小部分非球形粉末可以为有效填充间隙创造通道,从而提高填料密度。(4) 通过调整粉末间的相互作用,我们观察到了从离散粉末堆积到团块沉积的过渡。(5) 我们提出并证明了两步铺展技术和多次振荡循环在实现最大随机堆积密度方面的功效。总之,我们的工作让人们全面了解了通过叶片滑动进行粉末铺展过程的相关机制,这可能会提高粉末堆积密度和均匀性,最终改善增材制造的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Discrete numerical simulation of sheared particle flow in a vertical sandwich belt conveyor 垂直夹层带式输送机中剪切颗粒流动的离散数值模拟
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00810-2
Biao Zhang, Wenjun Meng, Hanzhong Zhang, Xuan Yin

In this study, an improved sandwich conveying numerical simulation model was used to analyse the influence of five factors on the conveying efficiency of a vertical sandwich belt conveyor. The mass flow rate of the model was verified using a test model. The results showed that the mass flow rate and shear depth increased as the belt speed increased. Additionally, the particle velocity tends to decrease with increase in depth, and increasing the pressing force increased the contact force chain. Furthermore, the contact force chain remained constant in the vertical direction. The strength of the contact force chain was maximised when the moisture content was 20–30%.

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引用次数: 0
Numerical study on the strength and fracture of rock materials with multiple rough preexisting fissures under uniaxial compression using particle flow code 利用粒子流代码对具有多个粗糙预存裂隙的岩石材料在单轴压缩条件下的强度和断裂进行数值研究
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00811-1
Min Wang, Zhenxing Lu, Yanlin Zhao, Wen Wan

Preexisting fissures are common in rock mass engineering, and these preexisting fissures can considerably reduce the strength of rock masses and the stability of rock mass engineering. Considering that the preexisting fissures are not straight, a DEM numerical simulation model with rough joints under uniaxial compressive loading was constructed. From the analysis of the numerical simulation results, we found that the peak strength increases with increasing inclination angle. Moreover, the JRC influences the peak strength. Even though the JRC values are close, there are still some differences. Moreover, the number of cracks increased slowly before the uniaxial stress reached the peak strength; however, the number of cracks increased remarkably at the postpeak stage. Moreover, the crack path becomes simpler with increasing JRC. The numerical simulation results can provide a numerical basis for rock masses with rough joints in engineering practice.

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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the breakage of the bio-cementation generated on glass beads during a direct shear test using a DEM model 利用 DEM 模型分析玻璃珠在直接剪切试验中产生的生物胶结破损情况
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00803-1
Miguel Valencia-Galindo, Esteban Sáez, Martin Kozakovic, Jaromir Havlica, David Kramoliš, Pamela Chávez-Crooker

The improvement of soil behaviour by the bacterial precipitation of calcium carbonate has been extensively studied in geotechnical engineering. However, the evolution of bio-cementation bonds under shear conditions is only partially understood. This research presents a micromechanical approach to gain a deeper insight into the interaction between bio-cemented particles. A series of glass bead samples were treated with Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) and then subjected to direct shear tests. A calibrated model based on the Discrete Element Method was used to reproduce the macro-mechanical paths observed in the experiments, allowing the detailed analysis and description of the bond evolution at the microscopic scale in the treated samples. In general, it was found that a higher rate of bond breakage occurred before the peak shear strength was reached, and this was followed by a relatively constant rate of bond breakage associated with a macroscopic softening trend. Tensile stress was identified as the primary fracture mechanism. Finally, it was determined that the bond breakage mechanism is influenced by several factors, such as bond distribution, particle array, and the mechanical parameters of the bond.

岩土工程领域对通过细菌沉淀碳酸钙来改善土壤性能的问题进行了广泛的研究。然而,人们对剪切条件下生物加固键的演变仅有部分了解。本研究提出了一种微观力学方法,以深入了解生物水泥颗粒之间的相互作用。一系列玻璃珠样品经微生物诱导方解石沉淀(MICP)处理后进行了直接剪切试验。基于离散元素法的校准模型用于再现实验中观察到的宏观机械路径,从而可以详细分析和描述处理过的样品在微观尺度上的粘接演变。一般来说,在达到剪切强度峰值之前会出现较高的粘接断裂率,之后会出现与宏观软化趋势相关的相对稳定的粘接断裂率。拉伸应力被认为是主要的断裂机制。最后,确定了粘接断裂机制受多个因素的影响,如粘接分布、颗粒阵列和粘接的机械参数。
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引用次数: 0
Two-scale concurrent simulations for crack propagation using FEM–DEM bridging coupling 利用 FEM-DEM 桥接耦合对裂纹扩展进行双尺度并行模拟
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00788-x
Manon Voisin-Leprince, Joaquin Garcia-Suarez, Guillaume Anciaux, Jean-François Molinari

The Discrete element method (DEM) is a robust numerical tool for simulating crack propagation and wear in granular materials. However, the computational cost associated with DEM hinders its applicability to large domains. To address this limitation, we employ DEM to model regions experiencing crack propagation and wear, and utilize the finite element method (FEM) to model regions experiencing small deformation, thus reducing the computational burden. The two domains are linked using a FEM–DEM coupling, which considers an overlapping region where the deformation of the two domains is reconciled. We employ a “strong coupling” formulation, in which each DEM particle in the overlapping region is constrained to an equivalent position obtained by nodal interpolation in the finite element. While the coupling method has been proved capable of handling propagation of small-amplitude waves between domains, we examine in this paper its accuracy to efficiently model for material failure events. We investigate two cases of material failure in the DEM region: the first one involves mode I crack propagation, and the second one focuses on rough surfaces’ shearing leading to debris creation. For each, we consider several DEM domain sizes, representing different distances between the coupling region and the DEM undergoing inelasticity and fracture. The accuracy of the coupling approach is evaluated by comparing it with a pure DEM simulation, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness in accurately capturing the behavior of the pure DEM, regardless of the placement of the coupling region.

离散元法(DEM)是模拟颗粒材料裂纹扩展和磨损的一种强大的数值工具。然而,与 DEM 相关的计算成本阻碍了它在大型领域的应用。为解决这一局限性,我们采用 DEM 对裂纹扩展和磨损区域进行建模,并利用有限元法(FEM)对小变形区域进行建模,从而减轻计算负担。利用 FEM-DEM 耦合将两个域连接起来,其中考虑了一个重叠区域,在该区域中,两个域的变形得以协调。我们采用了一种 "强耦合 "公式,即重叠区域中的每个 DEM 粒子都受限于有限元中通过节点插值获得的等效位置。虽然耦合方法已被证明能够处理小振幅波在域之间的传播,但我们在本文中仍要考察其在有效模拟材料失效事件方面的准确性。我们研究了 DEM 区域材料失效的两种情况:第一种涉及模式 I 裂纹传播,第二种侧重于粗糙表面剪切导致碎屑产生。对于每种情况,我们都考虑了几种 DEM 域尺寸,代表耦合区域与发生非弹性和断裂的 DEM 之间的不同距离。通过与纯 DEM 仿真进行比较,评估了耦合方法的准确性,结果表明,无论耦合区域的位置如何,耦合方法都能有效准确地捕捉纯 DEM 的行为。
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引用次数: 0
In silico design-space analysis of a novel tablet coating process using advanced modeling 利用先进建模对新型片剂包衣工艺进行硅设计空间分析
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00804-0
Peter Boehling, Dalibor Jajcevic, Frederik Detobel, James Holman, Laura Bower, Matthew Metzger, Johannes G. Khinast

Continuous manufacturing has been increasingly applied in the pharmaceutical industry. The advantages are a more flexible process, decreased costs, and opportunities for better quality control. However, performing experiments is still the way to go when developing a new process but most experiments offer only limited process insight. As part of its ConsiGma® continuous processing lines, GEA has developed a semi-continuous tablet coater with unique design and process mechanics. Simulations enable a deeper understanding of the process mechanics and allow the transition from an empirical process to a mechanistic understanding of the individual process units. We used simulations to improve the understanding of the ConsiGma® tablet coater through a digital multivariate design study. Our simulations demonstrate how the mechanical and material properties influence the tablet bed behavior. We tracked the effects of thermodynamic inputs on the coating quality via the tablet temperature and moisture. These results may be helpful in the future development of coating processes using limited experimental data.

连续生产已越来越多地应用于制药业。其优点是工艺更灵活、成本更低,并有机会进行更好的质量控制。然而,在开发新工艺时,进行实验仍然是一种方法,但大多数实验只能提供有限的工艺见解。作为其 ConsiGma® 连续加工生产线的一部分,GEA 开发了一种具有独特设计和工艺力学的半连续片剂包衣机。模拟可以加深对工艺机械的理解,并从经验工艺过渡到对单个工艺单元的机械理解。我们利用模拟,通过数字多元设计研究,加深了对 ConsiGma® 片剂包衣机的理解。我们的模拟演示了机械和材料特性如何影响片剂床的行为。我们通过片剂温度和水分跟踪了热力学输入对包衣质量的影响。这些结果可能有助于今后利用有限的实验数据开发包衣工艺。
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引用次数: 0
Accurate prediction of generalized oil–water interface evolution with a novel multiphase SPH scheme 利用新型多相 SPH 方案精确预测广义油水界面演变
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00800-4
Chun-Yao Zheng, Fei-Guo Chen, Lin Zhang, Yuan Zhou

In multiphase SPH method, accurate prediction of oil–water interface is a key, and a major source of failure is due to the nonphysical pressure oscillation. Then in this work, a novel multiphase SPH scheme is designed to solve this problem by integrating several treatments of pressure oscillation together, when the generalized oil–water two-phase flows are simulated. These treatments are: (1) the revised diffusive term which is added in the continuity equation by replacing the original density with the density increment; (2) the corrected density re-initialization during whose implementation different-phase fluid particles must be converted into the imaginary same-phase ones; (3) the particle shifting technique to distribute particles more uniformly. Through the simulation of several generalized oil–water two-phase flow problems as well as comparison with reference solutions, it is validated that our novel SPH scheme is stable, accurate and with less dissipation, and can avoid particle penetration near interface. Finally, a new and more complex generalized oil–water two-phase flow problem is designed and simulated to further demonstrate the above advantages of our SPH scheme.

在多相 SPH 方法中,准确预测油水界面是一个关键,而失败的一个主要原因是非物理压力振荡。因此,本研究设计了一种新型多相 SPH 方案,在模拟广义油水两相流时,将压力振荡的几种处理方法整合在一起,以解决这一问题。这些处理方法是(1) 在连续性方程中加入修正的扩散项,用密度增量代替原来的密度;(2) 修正的密度重初始化,在实施过程中必须将不同相流体粒子转换为假想的同相粒子;(3) 粒子移动技术,使粒子分布更均匀。通过对几个广义油水两相流问题的模拟以及与参考解的比较,验证了我们的新 SPH 方案稳定、精确、耗散少,并能避免颗粒在界面附近穿透。最后,设计并模拟了一个新的、更复杂的广义油水两相流问题,以进一步证明我们的 SPH 方案的上述优点。
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引用次数: 0
The virtual stress boundary method to impose nonconforming Neumann boundary conditions in the material point method 虚拟应力边界法在材料点法中施加不符合新曼边界条件
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00793-0
Joel Given, Yong Liang, Zhixin Zeng, Xiong Zhang, Kenichi Soga

The material point method (MPM) is a popular and powerful tool for simulating large deformation problems. The hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian nature of the MPM means that the Lagrangian material points and the Eulerian background mesh are often nonconforming. Once the material and mesh boundaries become misaligned, imposing boundary conditions, such as Neumann boundary conditions (i.e., traction), becomes a challenge. The recently developed virtual stress boundary (VSB) method allows for imposing nonconforming Neumann boundary conditions without explicit knowledge of the boundary position. This is achieved through a problem transformation where the original boundary traction problem is replaced by an equivalent problem featuring a virtual stress field. This equivalent problem results in updated governing equations which are ultimately solved using a combination of particle-wise and cell-wise quadrature. In the current work, a modification to the VSB method is proposed to eliminate the need for cell-wise quadrature. Despite removing cell-wise quadrature, the modified VSB method maintains the accuracy observed in the original approach. Several numerical examples, including 1D and 2D benchmark problems, as well as a 3D demonstration problem, are presented to investigate the accuracy and illustrate the capability of the modified VSB method. Mesh refinement studies are included to show the method’s good convergence behavior.

材料点法(MPM)是模拟大变形问题的一种流行而强大的工具。MPM 的欧拉-拉格朗日混合性质意味着拉格朗日材料点和欧拉背景网格经常不一致。一旦材料和网格边界出现错位,施加边界条件(如诺伊曼边界条件,即牵引力)就成为一项挑战。最近开发的虚拟应力边界(VSB)方法可以在不明确边界位置的情况下施加不符合要求的 Neumann 边界条件。这是通过问题转换实现的,在这种转换中,原始的边界牵引问题被以虚拟应力场为特征的等效问题所取代。这个等效问题会产生更新的控制方程,最终使用粒子正交和单元正交相结合的方法求解。在当前的工作中,我们提出了对 VSB 方法的修改,以消除对单元正交的需求。尽管取消了单元正交,但修改后的 VSB 方法仍保持了原始方法的精度。本文介绍了几个数值示例,包括一维和二维基准问题,以及一个三维演示问题,以研究修改后的 VSB 方法的精度并说明其能力。还包括网格细化研究,以显示该方法的良好收敛性。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of particle diameter and void fraction on gas–solid two-phase flow: a numerical investigation using the Eulerian–Eulerian approach 颗粒直径和空隙率对气固两相流的影响:利用欧拉-欧拉方法进行的数值研究
IF 2.8 3区 工程技术 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40571-024-00798-9
Adel M. Elreafay, Khaled M. Salem, Ramzy M. Abumandour, A. S. Dawood, Saeed Al Nuaimi

Sudden expansion pipes are crucial in fluid dynamics for studying flow behavior, turbulence, and pressure distribution in various systems. This study focuses on investigating the behavior of a two-phase flow, specifically a gas–solid turbulent flow, in a sudden expansion. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach is employed to model the flow characteristics. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach treats both phases (gas and solid) as separate continua, and their interactions are described using conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy. The study aims to understand the complex phenomena occurring in the flow, such as particle dispersion, turbulence modulation, and pressure drop. The governing equations are solved using house developed code called FORTRAN, a widely used programming language in scientific and engineering simulations. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the behavior of gas–solid two-phase flows in sudden expansions, which have important applications in various industries, including chemical engineering, energy systems, and environmental engineering. A parametric study of the impact of particles diameters (20, 120, 220, 500 µm), the solid volume loading ratios ((0.005, 0.008, 0.01)) and area ratios (2.25, 5.76, 9) effect of sudden expansion on the streamlines, local skin friction, pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and separation zone.

在流体动力学中,突然膨胀管道对于研究各种系统中的流动行为、湍流和压力分布至关重要。本研究的重点是研究两相流(特别是气固湍流)在急剧膨胀中的行为。采用欧拉-欧拉方法对流动特性进行建模。欧拉-欧拉方法将两相(气体和固体)视为独立的连续体,并使用质量、动量和能量守恒方程来描述它们之间的相互作用。研究旨在了解流动中出现的复杂现象,如颗粒分散、湍流调节和压降。这些控制方程是使用内部开发的 FORTRAN 代码求解的,FORTRAN 是一种在科学和工程模拟中广泛使用的编程语言。这项研究的结果将为气固两相流在突然膨胀时的行为提供有价值的见解,这在化学工程、能源系统和环境工程等多个行业都有重要应用。参数研究了颗粒直径(20、120、220、500 µm)、固体体积负载比((0.005、0.008、0.01))和面积比(2.25、5.76、9)对骤然膨胀的流线、局部表皮摩擦、压力、速度、湍流动能和分离区的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Computational Particle Mechanics
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