Kemasan antistatis digunakan untuk melindungi barang elektronik dari kerusakan fisik, lingkungan, dan terhadap electrostatic discharge (ESD). Conductive Polymer Composites (CPC) merupakan material yang dihasilkan dari penambahan nanopartikel konduktif dengan matriks polimer. Poly lactic acid (PLA) atau dikenal dengan poli asam laktat berpotensi sebagai matriks polimer. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) memiliki konduktivitas listrik yang tinggi dikombinasikan dengan rasio aspek yang besar sehingga kompatibel untuk dijadikan filler CPC. Metode penambahan filler dilakukan dengan melt blending dengan presentase berat filler 0; 0,5; 1; dan 1,5 wt%. Komposit nanomaterial PLA/CNT dikarakterisasi menggunakan uji SEM, FTIR, DSC, dan konduktivitas. Hasil uji SEM dan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa perubahan konsentrasi filler CNT tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap morfologi dan struktur CPC. Uji DSC menunjukkan penambahan derajat kristalinitas seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi CNT. Uji konduktivitas menunjukkan CNT meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas PLA. Nilai konduktivitas PLA menjadi 3,949x10-10 S/cm dan 6,019 x 10-7 S/cm setelah ditambahkan oleh CNT dengan presentase berat sebesar 0,5 wt% dan 1 wt% sehingga memenuhi syarat sebagai kemasan antistatis.Antistatic packaging is used to protect electronic goods from physical damage, the environment, and against electrostatic discharge (ESD). Conductive Polymer Composites (CPC) are materials produced from the addition of conductive nanoparticles with a polymer matrix. Poly lactic acid (PLA) has the potential as a polymer matrix. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) that have high electrical conductivity combined with a large aspect ratio making them compatible to be used as CPC fillers. The method of adding filler was done by melt blending with filler concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%. PLA/CNT nanomaterial composites were characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and conductivity tests. The results of the SEM and FTIR tests showed that changes in CNT filler concentration did not have a significant effect on the morphology and structure of CPC. DSC test showed an increase in degree of crystallinity along with the addition of CNT concentration. The conductivity test showed that CNT increased the conductivity value of PLA. The conductivity values of PLA become 3.949 x 10-10 S/cm and 6.019 x 10-7 S/cm after being added by CNT of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% so that they qualify as antistatic packaging.
{"title":"Kemasan Antistatis Ramah Lingkungan Berbahan Dasar Poli Asam Laktat","authors":"Fagan Rezka Azzadhiya, Aroya Desma Ramadita, Gina Karnela, Mujtahid Kaavessina","doi":"10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.262","url":null,"abstract":"Kemasan antistatis digunakan untuk melindungi barang elektronik dari kerusakan fisik, lingkungan, dan terhadap electrostatic discharge (ESD). Conductive Polymer Composites (CPC) merupakan material yang dihasilkan dari penambahan nanopartikel konduktif dengan matriks polimer. Poly lactic acid (PLA) atau dikenal dengan poli asam laktat berpotensi sebagai matriks polimer. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) memiliki konduktivitas listrik yang tinggi dikombinasikan dengan rasio aspek yang besar sehingga kompatibel untuk dijadikan filler CPC. Metode penambahan filler dilakukan dengan melt blending dengan presentase berat filler 0; 0,5; 1; dan 1,5 wt%. Komposit nanomaterial PLA/CNT dikarakterisasi menggunakan uji SEM, FTIR, DSC, dan konduktivitas. Hasil uji SEM dan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa perubahan konsentrasi filler CNT tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap morfologi dan struktur CPC. Uji DSC menunjukkan penambahan derajat kristalinitas seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi CNT. Uji konduktivitas menunjukkan CNT meningkatkan nilai konduktivitas PLA. Nilai konduktivitas PLA menjadi 3,949x10-10 S/cm dan 6,019 x 10-7 S/cm setelah ditambahkan oleh CNT dengan presentase berat sebesar 0,5 wt% dan 1 wt% sehingga memenuhi syarat sebagai kemasan antistatis.Antistatic packaging is used to protect electronic goods from physical damage, the environment, and against electrostatic discharge (ESD). Conductive Polymer Composites (CPC) are materials produced from the addition of conductive nanoparticles with a polymer matrix. Poly lactic acid (PLA) has the potential as a polymer matrix. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) that have high electrical conductivity combined with a large aspect ratio making them compatible to be used as CPC fillers. The method of adding filler was done by melt blending with filler concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%. PLA/CNT nanomaterial composites were characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and conductivity tests. The results of the SEM and FTIR tests showed that changes in CNT filler concentration did not have a significant effect on the morphology and structure of CPC. DSC test showed an increase in degree of crystallinity along with the addition of CNT concentration. The conductivity test showed that CNT increased the conductivity value of PLA. The conductivity values of PLA become 3.949 x 10-10 S/cm and 6.019 x 10-7 S/cm after being added by CNT of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% so that they qualify as antistatic packaging.","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45775721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5614/j.tl.2022.28.1.5
A. Sudrajat, Anindrya Nastiti
Abstract. Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Krueng Peusangan uses water from Krueng Peusangan as its source of raw water. Krueng Peusangan water quality monitoring was carried out by BAPEDAL Aceh in 2016 and the first period was classified into "good condition" and in the second period classified into "lightly polluted". This incident indicates that the quality of Krueng Peusangan water is very fluctuating and can change at any time. This is a challenge for PDAM Krueng Peusangan in achieving the quality of water that can meet the quality standards based on Permenkes No.492 of 2010 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Risk management is a tool that can control all the risks contained in raw water sources to consumers through a process of identification, assessment, risk prioritization, and recommendation of improvement plans that can be achieved through a Water Safety Plan (RPAM) or commonly known as Rencana Pengamanan Air Minum (RPAM) operator. From the identification process, PDAM Krueng Peusangan has 17 hazard events that could cause a decrease quality of water processed by Teupin Mane WTP, BRR WTP, and WKE WTP. In general, these are caused by activities upstream of the river, dosing of coagulants and disinfectants, leakage of distribution pipes, and water quality testing that are not routinely carried out for certain parameters. To deal with the hazard events identified, 41 control measures are required. After being reviewed, there were 22 improvement plans to deal with the major theme of hazardous events. In addition, operational monitoring are also provided with Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), Work Instruction (IK), internal dan external communications, supporting programs, reviews and audit. Keywords: Hazard event, risk, quality, implementation, Water Safety Plan (WSP)
摘要。Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Krueng Peusangan使用来自Krueng Peusangan的水作为其原水来源。Krueng Peusangan水质监测由BAPEDAL亚齐于2016年进行，第一期被评为“良好”，第二期被评为“轻度污染”。这一事件表明，Krueng peussangan的水质波动很大，随时都可能发生变化。这对PDAM Krueng Peusangan来说是一个挑战，要达到2010年Permenkes No.492的质量标准，即Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum。风险管理是一种工具，可以通过水安全计划(rpm)或通常称为Rencana Pengamanan Air Minum (rpm)运营商的识别、评估、风险优先级排序和改进计划建议的过程来控制原水来源对消费者所包含的所有风险。从识别过程来看，PDAM Krueng Peusangan有17个危害事件，这些事件可能导致Teupin Mane WTP, BRR WTP和WKE WTP处理的水质量下降。一般来说，这些是由河流上游的活动、混凝剂和消毒剂的剂量、分配管道的泄漏以及对某些参数不定期进行的水质检测造成的。为处理已确定的危害事件，需要采取41项控制措施。经审查，有22个改进方案处理重大主题的危险事件。此外，还提供标准作业程序(SOP)，作业指导书(IK)，内部和外部通信，支持程序，审查和审计。关键词:危害事件，风险，质量，实施，水安全计划(WSP)
{"title":"MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA RENCANA PENGAMANAN AIR MINUM (RPAM) OPERATOR UNTUK SUMBER AIR PERMUKAAN PDAM KRUENG PEUSANGAN KABUPATEN BIREUEN","authors":"A. Sudrajat, Anindrya Nastiti","doi":"10.5614/j.tl.2022.28.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.tl.2022.28.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Krueng Peusangan uses water from Krueng Peusangan as its source of raw water. Krueng Peusangan water quality monitoring was carried out by BAPEDAL Aceh in 2016 and the first period was classified into \"good condition\" and in the second period classified into \"lightly polluted\". This incident indicates that the quality of Krueng Peusangan water is very fluctuating and can change at any time. This is a challenge for PDAM Krueng Peusangan in achieving the quality of water that can meet the quality standards based on Permenkes No.492 of 2010 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Risk management is a tool that can control all the risks contained in raw water sources to consumers through a process of identification, assessment, risk prioritization, and recommendation of improvement plans that can be achieved through a Water Safety Plan (RPAM) or commonly known as Rencana Pengamanan Air Minum (RPAM) operator. From the identification process, PDAM Krueng Peusangan has 17 hazard events that could cause a decrease quality of water processed by Teupin Mane WTP, BRR WTP, and WKE WTP. In general, these are caused by activities upstream of the river, dosing of coagulants and disinfectants, leakage of distribution pipes, and water quality testing that are not routinely carried out for certain parameters. To deal with the hazard events identified, 41 control measures are required. After being reviewed, there were 22 improvement plans to deal with the major theme of hazardous events. In addition, operational monitoring are also provided with Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), Work Instruction (IK), internal dan external communications, supporting programs, reviews and audit. Keywords: Hazard event, risk, quality, implementation, Water Safety Plan (WSP)","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78529525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5614/j.tl.2022.28.1.4
Annisa Ritka May, A. Nastiti
Abstract: Maladaptive behavior towards the environment can threaten environmental conditions and this requires a more in-depth analysis. Students as part of the younger generation have the responsibility as educators, planners, and policy makers on environmental issues for a sustainable future so that research on university students’ pro-environmental behavior is needed. This study adopted a developed causal model of pro-environmental behavior based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in a sample of 363 Indonesian university students. This theory is expected to identify barriers and impulses in carrying out pro-environmental behavior. Based on the results, environmental attitude, self-efficacy, response costs, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards from maladaptive behavior to the environment, and perceived severity of respondents' have a direct and significant effect on pro-environmental behavior. In addition, perceived vulnerability has an indirect effect on pro-environmental behavior through the level of perceived severity. Improving pro-environmental behavior for students could be focused on environmental attitude and self-efficacy through environmental protection based on tested causal model. Keywords: pro-environmental behavior, protection motivation theory, environmental attitude, self-efficacy, perceived severity.
{"title":"Pro-environmental Behaviours and Protection Motivation Theory: A Case of Two Universities in Bandung, Indonesia","authors":"Annisa Ritka May, A. Nastiti","doi":"10.5614/j.tl.2022.28.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.tl.2022.28.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Maladaptive behavior towards the environment can threaten environmental conditions and this requires a more in-depth analysis. Students as part of the younger generation have the responsibility as educators, planners, and policy makers on environmental issues for a sustainable future so that research on university students’ pro-environmental behavior is needed. This study adopted a developed causal model of pro-environmental behavior based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in a sample of 363 Indonesian university students. This theory is expected to identify barriers and impulses in carrying out pro-environmental behavior. Based on the results, environmental attitude, self-efficacy, response costs, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards from maladaptive behavior to the environment, and perceived severity of respondents' have a direct and significant effect on pro-environmental behavior. In addition, perceived vulnerability has an indirect effect on pro-environmental behavior through the level of perceived severity. Improving pro-environmental behavior for students could be focused on environmental attitude and self-efficacy through environmental protection based on tested causal model. Keywords: pro-environmental behavior, protection motivation theory, environmental attitude, self-efficacy, perceived severity.","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89960606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Muharja, Rizki Fitria Darmayanti, A. Widjaja, Yakub Hendrikson Manurung, Ilham Alamsyah, Siska Nuri Fadilah
PT. Industri Gula Glenmore (PT. IGG) setiap tahunnya memproduksi 14.300 ton abu ampas tebu (AAT) sebagai hasil samping pembakaran boiler yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Menariknya, AAT memiliki kandungan silika tinggi yaitu 68,5% yang dapat ditingkatkan nilainya sebagai substitusi parsial semen dalam pembuatan bata beton. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini komposisi dan ukuran partikel AAT dioptimalkan dalam pembuatan bata beton. Optimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) untuk memahami perilaku faktor-faktor signifikan yang mempengaruhi kuat tekan bata beton. RSM ditentukan dengan menggunakan software Design-Expert V11. Bata beton dibuat dengan perbandingan semen dan pasir menggunakan perbandingan 1:6 dengan variasi AAT 5% sampai 25% dari berat normal semen. Hasil pengujian di Workshop menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Fly Ash dan kapur sebagai bahan pengikat untuk menggantikan sebagian semen dengan variasi 23, 26, 28, 30, dan 33% menghasilkan kuat tekan berturut-turut sebesar 56, 52, 49, 40, dan 34 kg/cm2. Dengan demikian, bata beton pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam mutu tingkat 3 berdasarkan SNI 03-0349-1989. Inovasi ini merupakan solusi untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah AAT dan menjadi peluang bisnis baru bagi PT. IGG di masa depan.PT. The Glenmore Sugar Industry (PT. IGG) annually produces 14,300 tons of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a by-product of boiler combustion that has not been fully utilized. Interestingly, SCBA has a high silica content of 68.5% which can be valorized as a partial substitution of cement in the manufacture of concrete bricks. Therefore, in this study, the composition and particle size of SCBA were optimized in the manufacture of concrete bricks. Optimation was carried out by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to understand the behavior of significant factors affecting the compressive strength of concrete bricks. RSM was determined using the Design-Expert V11 software. Concrete bricks were made with a ratio of cement and sand using a ratio of 1:6 with a variation of bagasse ash 5% to 25% of the normal weight of the cement. The test results showed that the use of fly ash and lime as a binder to replace some cement with variations of 23%, 26%, 28%, 30%, and 33% resulted in a compressive strength of 56 kg/cm2, 52 kg/cm2, 49 kg/cm2, 40 kg/cm2, and 34 kg/cm2. Thus the concrete brick in this study was included in the quality level 3 based on SNI 03-0349-1989. This innovation is a solution to increase SCBA's added value and a new business opportunity for PT. IGG in the future.
{"title":"Optimization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Utilization for Concrete Bricks Production Using Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design","authors":"M. Muharja, Rizki Fitria Darmayanti, A. Widjaja, Yakub Hendrikson Manurung, Ilham Alamsyah, Siska Nuri Fadilah","doi":"10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.282","url":null,"abstract":"PT. Industri Gula Glenmore (PT. IGG) setiap tahunnya memproduksi 14.300 ton abu ampas tebu (AAT) sebagai hasil samping pembakaran boiler yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Menariknya, AAT memiliki kandungan silika tinggi yaitu 68,5% yang dapat ditingkatkan nilainya sebagai substitusi parsial semen dalam pembuatan bata beton. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini komposisi dan ukuran partikel AAT dioptimalkan dalam pembuatan bata beton. Optimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) untuk memahami perilaku faktor-faktor signifikan yang mempengaruhi kuat tekan bata beton. RSM ditentukan dengan menggunakan software Design-Expert V11. Bata beton dibuat dengan perbandingan semen dan pasir menggunakan perbandingan 1:6 dengan variasi AAT 5% sampai 25% dari berat normal semen. Hasil pengujian di Workshop menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Fly Ash dan kapur sebagai bahan pengikat untuk menggantikan sebagian semen dengan variasi 23, 26, 28, 30, dan 33% menghasilkan kuat tekan berturut-turut sebesar 56, 52, 49, 40, dan 34 kg/cm2. Dengan demikian, bata beton pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam mutu tingkat 3 berdasarkan SNI 03-0349-1989. Inovasi ini merupakan solusi untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah AAT dan menjadi peluang bisnis baru bagi PT. IGG di masa depan.PT. The Glenmore Sugar Industry (PT. IGG) annually produces 14,300 tons of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a by-product of boiler combustion that has not been fully utilized. Interestingly, SCBA has a high silica content of 68.5% which can be valorized as a partial substitution of cement in the manufacture of concrete bricks. Therefore, in this study, the composition and particle size of SCBA were optimized in the manufacture of concrete bricks. Optimation was carried out by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to understand the behavior of significant factors affecting the compressive strength of concrete bricks. RSM was determined using the Design-Expert V11 software. Concrete bricks were made with a ratio of cement and sand using a ratio of 1:6 with a variation of bagasse ash 5% to 25% of the normal weight of the cement. The test results showed that the use of fly ash and lime as a binder to replace some cement with variations of 23%, 26%, 28%, 30%, and 33% resulted in a compressive strength of 56 kg/cm2, 52 kg/cm2, 49 kg/cm2, 40 kg/cm2, and 34 kg/cm2. Thus the concrete brick in this study was included in the quality level 3 based on SNI 03-0349-1989. This innovation is a solution to increase SCBA's added value and a new business opportunity for PT. IGG in the future.","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41635281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodegradable plastic adalah plastik yang memiliki sifat ramah lingkungan karena mampu terurai oleh mikroorganisme yang ada pada tanah. Pati berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan biodegadable plastic karena dapat mudah terdegradasi dan menghasilkan senyawa yang ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini sumber pati didapat dari biji nangka dengan kandungan pati sebesar 29,73%. Penambahan kalsium silikat sebagai filler bertujuan untuk memperbaiki sifat mekanik biodegadable plastic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh filler kalsium silikat terhadap kuat tarik, presentase biodegradasi (%) dan persentase serapan air (%) dari biodegadable plastic yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, semakin banyak filler kalsium silikat maka biodegadable plastic memiliki kuat tarik yang semakin tinggi. Sedangkan kemampuan absorpsi biodegadable plastic terhadap air menurun seiring dengan semakin banyaknya jumlah kalsium silikat yang ditambahkan. Kemampuan biodegradasi plastik juga menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah filler kalsium. Biodegadable plastic dengan penambahan filler kalsium silikat 6% memiliki kuat tarik antara 7,85 MPa persentase serapan air sekitar 5% dan persentase biodegradasi sekitar 7%.Biodegradable plastic is a plastic that has environmentally friendly properties because it is able to decompose by microorganisms in the soil. Starch has the potential to be used as a basic material for making biodegradable plastics because it can be easily degraded and produces environmentally friendly compounds. In this study, the source of starch was obtained from jackfruit seeds with a starch content of 29.73%. The addition of calcium silicate as a filler aims to improve the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic. This study aims to determine the effect of calcium silicate filler on tensile strength, % biodegradation and % water absorption of the resulting biodegradable plastic. Based on the results obtained, the more calcium silicate filler the biodegradable plastic has a higher tensile strength. Meanwhile, the absorption ability of biodegradable plastic to water decreases with the increasing amount of calcium silicate added. The biodegradability of plastics also decreases with the increase in the amount of calcium filler. Biodegradable plastic with the addition of 6% calcium silicate has tensile strength between 7,85 Mpa, percent water absorption between 5% and percent biodegradation between 7%.
{"title":"Pengaruh Jumlah Filler Kalsium Silikat dalam Pembuatan Biodegradable Plastic dari Biji Nangka","authors":"S. Udjiana, Sigit Hadiantoro, Noor Isnaini Azkiya","doi":"10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.242","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable plastic adalah plastik yang memiliki sifat ramah lingkungan karena mampu terurai oleh mikroorganisme yang ada pada tanah. Pati berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan biodegadable plastic karena dapat mudah terdegradasi dan menghasilkan senyawa yang ramah lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini sumber pati didapat dari biji nangka dengan kandungan pati sebesar 29,73%. Penambahan kalsium silikat sebagai filler bertujuan untuk memperbaiki sifat mekanik biodegadable plastic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh filler kalsium silikat terhadap kuat tarik, presentase biodegradasi (%) dan persentase serapan air (%) dari biodegadable plastic yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, semakin banyak filler kalsium silikat maka biodegadable plastic memiliki kuat tarik yang semakin tinggi. Sedangkan kemampuan absorpsi biodegadable plastic terhadap air menurun seiring dengan semakin banyaknya jumlah kalsium silikat yang ditambahkan. Kemampuan biodegradasi plastik juga menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah filler kalsium. Biodegadable plastic dengan penambahan filler kalsium silikat 6% memiliki kuat tarik antara 7,85 MPa persentase serapan air sekitar 5% dan persentase biodegradasi sekitar 7%.Biodegradable plastic is a plastic that has environmentally friendly properties because it is able to decompose by microorganisms in the soil. Starch has the potential to be used as a basic material for making biodegradable plastics because it can be easily degraded and produces environmentally friendly compounds. In this study, the source of starch was obtained from jackfruit seeds with a starch content of 29.73%. The addition of calcium silicate as a filler aims to improve the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic. This study aims to determine the effect of calcium silicate filler on tensile strength, % biodegradation and % water absorption of the resulting biodegradable plastic. Based on the results obtained, the more calcium silicate filler the biodegradable plastic has a higher tensile strength. Meanwhile, the absorption ability of biodegradable plastic to water decreases with the increasing amount of calcium silicate added. The biodegradability of plastics also decreases with the increase in the amount of calcium filler. Biodegradable plastic with the addition of 6% calcium silicate has tensile strength between 7,85 Mpa, percent water absorption between 5% and percent biodegradation between 7%. ","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wianthi Septia Witasari, Khalimatus Sa’diyah, N. Istianah, Hidayatulloh Mohammad
Suatu industri bioetanol menghasilkan limbah dalam proses produksinya, salah satunya adalah limbah padat berupa activated sludge. Keberadaan dari limbah padat ini semakin lama semakin menumpuk sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan menjadi sesuatu yang lebih berguna. Salah satu pemanfaatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengolah limbah padat adalah dengan membuat pupuk kompos.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui waktu pengomposan pada pembuatan pupuk kompos dari activated slude hasil samping produksi bioetanol, terhadap kandungan pupuk kompos yang dihasilkan. Bioaktivator yang digunakan adalah Orgadec. Waktu pengomposan yang digunakan adalah minggu ke-0, minggu ke-1, minggu ke-2, minggu ke-3, minggu ke-4. Analisis kandungan pupuk yang dilakukan adalah karakteristik fisik pupuk kompos, suhu, pH, Kelembaban, C organik, N total, P total, K total, serta rasio C/N sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, pupuk kompos dari activated sludge dengan bioaktivator orgadec menghasikan kompos yang memiliki karakteristik sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004A bioethanol industry produces waste, one of which is activated sludge. The number of this solid waste is constantly increasing; therefore, it is necessary to process it into something useful. One way to achieve this is by turning it into compost. This study aimed to determine the composting time of activated sludge on the content of compost produced. The bio activator used was Orgadec. The composting time used as samples is on week 0, week 1, week 2, week 3, and week 4. The fertilizer content analysis includes the physical characteristics of compost, temperature, pH, humidity, organic C, total N, total P, total K, and the C/N ratio matches SNI 19-7030-2004. According to the conducted analysis, the compost made using activated sludge with orgadec as the biovactor created a compost that has characteristics that meet the standards of SNI 19-7030-2004.
{"title":"The Effect of Composting Time on Compost Making from Activated Sludge of Bioetanol Waste Production with Orgadec Bio-activator","authors":"Wianthi Septia Witasari, Khalimatus Sa’diyah, N. Istianah, Hidayatulloh Mohammad","doi":"10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.285","url":null,"abstract":"Suatu industri bioetanol menghasilkan limbah dalam proses produksinya, salah satunya adalah limbah padat berupa activated sludge. Keberadaan dari limbah padat ini semakin lama semakin menumpuk sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan menjadi sesuatu yang lebih berguna. Salah satu pemanfaatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengolah limbah padat adalah dengan membuat pupuk kompos.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui waktu pengomposan pada pembuatan pupuk kompos dari activated slude hasil samping produksi bioetanol, terhadap kandungan pupuk kompos yang dihasilkan. Bioaktivator yang digunakan adalah Orgadec. Waktu pengomposan yang digunakan adalah minggu ke-0, minggu ke-1, minggu ke-2, minggu ke-3, minggu ke-4. Analisis kandungan pupuk yang dilakukan adalah karakteristik fisik pupuk kompos, suhu, pH, Kelembaban, C organik, N total, P total, K total, serta rasio C/N sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, pupuk kompos dari activated sludge dengan bioaktivator orgadec menghasikan kompos yang memiliki karakteristik sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004A bioethanol industry produces waste, one of which is activated sludge. The number of this solid waste is constantly increasing; therefore, it is necessary to process it into something useful. One way to achieve this is by turning it into compost. This study aimed to determine the composting time of activated sludge on the content of compost produced. The bio activator used was Orgadec. The composting time used as samples is on week 0, week 1, week 2, week 3, and week 4. The fertilizer content analysis includes the physical characteristics of compost, temperature, pH, humidity, organic C, total N, total P, total K, and the C/N ratio matches SNI 19-7030-2004. According to the conducted analysis, the compost made using activated sludge with orgadec as the biovactor created a compost that has characteristics that meet the standards of SNI 19-7030-2004.","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45405629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5614/j.tl.2023.28.1.3
Rusdiana Setyaningtyas
Abstract. The sustainability of rural drinking water supply systems (SPAM) is an important development issue in Indonesia related to the low access to clean and healthy water in rural areas. The low level of drinking water service in rural areas is inseparable from the failure of drinking water development which is caused by the absence of an optimal rural drinking water supply system. As happened in post-Pamsimas villages in Jember Regency. This condition is the background for researchers in conducting studies to find out what factors affect the sustainability of the use of SPAM facilities and infrastructure that are built, especially from the Pamsimas program based on the fulfillment of the KPI (Key Performance Indicator) target, namely KPI 3 related to the management of "sustainable service provision. drinking water for the community ”. This study aims to find out how the sustainability of community-based village SPAM after it has been built and what strategies must be applied to ensure the sustainability of the SPAM management is adjusted to the existing conditions in Jember Regency based on case studies in 19 villages after Pamsimas 2017 fiscal year. The research analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive and SWOT analysis. The results showed the management of rural SPAM in Jember Regency has not been optimal with the fulfillment of the KPI target in 3 villages after Pamsimas FY 2017 is still 78.95% (<90%), the weighted score of the EFAS and IFAS Matrix (or IE Matrix) results analysis of internal and external factors are (0.30; 0.76). The right strategy to ensure the sustainability of rural SPAM management in Jember Regency is the SO (Strengths – Opportunities) strategy, which is a strategy to achieve policy objectives by utilizing the strengths and potentials/opportunities possessed through collaboration and partnerships with stakeholders (Development, Local Government, Universities, private sector, banking) as well as the beneficiary community. Keywords: village SPAM, sustainability, access to safe and safe drinking water, SWOT analysis
{"title":"Strategi Pengelolaan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum yang Berkelanjutan di Perdesaan","authors":"Rusdiana Setyaningtyas","doi":"10.5614/j.tl.2023.28.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.tl.2023.28.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The sustainability of rural drinking water supply systems (SPAM) is an important development issue in Indonesia related to the low access to clean and healthy water in rural areas. The low level of drinking water service in rural areas is inseparable from the failure of drinking water development which is caused by the absence of an optimal rural drinking water supply system. As happened in post-Pamsimas villages in Jember Regency. This condition is the background for researchers in conducting studies to find out what factors affect the sustainability of the use of SPAM facilities and infrastructure that are built, especially from the Pamsimas program based on the fulfillment of the KPI (Key Performance Indicator) target, namely KPI 3 related to the management of \"sustainable service provision. drinking water for the community ”. This study aims to find out how the sustainability of community-based village SPAM after it has been built and what strategies must be applied to ensure the sustainability of the SPAM management is adjusted to the existing conditions in Jember Regency based on case studies in 19 villages after Pamsimas 2017 fiscal year. The research analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive and SWOT analysis. The results showed the management of rural SPAM in Jember Regency has not been optimal with the fulfillment of the KPI target in 3 villages after Pamsimas FY 2017 is still 78.95% (<90%), the weighted score of the EFAS and IFAS Matrix (or IE Matrix) results analysis of internal and external factors are (0.30; 0.76). The right strategy to ensure the sustainability of rural SPAM management in Jember Regency is the SO (Strengths – Opportunities) strategy, which is a strategy to achieve policy objectives by utilizing the strengths and potentials/opportunities possessed through collaboration and partnerships with stakeholders (Development, Local Government, Universities, private sector, banking) as well as the beneficiary community. Keywords: village SPAM, sustainability, access to safe and safe drinking water, SWOT analysis","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87833362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biobriket merupakan bahan bakar padat berbasis biomassa yang perlu dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan, mengingat kebutuhan energi pada era sekarang terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dan diperlukan bahan yang ramah lingkungan sebagai pengganti bahan baku yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Cangkang kemiri merupakan salah satu bahan yang berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar padat. Proses pembuatan biobriket pada penelitian ini menggunakan proses karbonisasi microwave pada daya 440 watt, dengan bahan perekat dari tepung gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) dan tepung mbote (Colocasia esculenta). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas biobriket cangkang kemiri dengan variasi rasio bahan arang dan perekat sebesar 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 dan 60:40% (b/b). Dari penelitian ini, hasil terbaik adalah biobriket dengan perekat tepung gembili pada rasio 70:30% (b/b) dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 4,39%; kadar abu sebesar 4,01%; kadar zat menguap sebesar 9,12%; kadar karbon terikat sebesar 72,78% dan nilai kalor didapatkan sebesar 6875,259 kal/g. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, hampir semuanya masuk dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) kecuali karbon terikat yang seharusnya minimal 77%.Biobriquette is a biomass based solid fuel that needs to be developed and improved, considering the energy needs in the current era there is a significant increase and environmentally friendly materials are needed as a substitute for non-renewable raw materials. Candlenut shell is one of the materials that have the potential to be used as solid fuel. The process of making biobriquettes in this study uses a microwave carbonization process at a power of 440 watts, with adhesive materials from gembili flour (Dioscorea esculenta L.) and mbote flour (Colocasia esculenta). The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of candlenut shell biobriquettes with variations in the ratio of charcoal and adhesives of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40% (w/w). From this research, the best results were bio briquettes with gembili flour adhesive at a ratio of 70:30% (w/w) with a water content value of 4.39%; ash content of 4.01%, volatile matter content of 9.12%, fixed carbon content of 72.78% and the calorific value of 6875.259 cal/g. Based on the analysis results, almost of them are included in the Indonesian National Standard except for fixed carbon which should be at least 77%.
{"title":"Kualitas Biobriket Cangkang Kemiri Melalui Proses Karbonisasi Microwave dengan Bahan Perekat Tepung Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L) dan Tepung Mbote (Colocasia esculenta)","authors":"Rini Kartika Dewi, M. I. Hudha","doi":"10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.277","url":null,"abstract":"Biobriket merupakan bahan bakar padat berbasis biomassa yang perlu dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan, mengingat kebutuhan energi pada era sekarang terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dan diperlukan bahan yang ramah lingkungan sebagai pengganti bahan baku yang tidak dapat diperbaharui. Cangkang kemiri merupakan salah satu bahan yang berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar padat. Proses pembuatan biobriket pada penelitian ini menggunakan proses karbonisasi microwave pada daya 440 watt, dengan bahan perekat dari tepung gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L.) dan tepung mbote (Colocasia esculenta). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas biobriket cangkang kemiri dengan variasi rasio bahan arang dan perekat sebesar 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 dan 60:40% (b/b). Dari penelitian ini, hasil terbaik adalah biobriket dengan perekat tepung gembili pada rasio 70:30% (b/b) dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 4,39%; kadar abu sebesar 4,01%; kadar zat menguap sebesar 9,12%; kadar karbon terikat sebesar 72,78% dan nilai kalor didapatkan sebesar 6875,259 kal/g. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, hampir semuanya masuk dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) kecuali karbon terikat yang seharusnya minimal 77%.Biobriquette is a biomass based solid fuel that needs to be developed and improved, considering the energy needs in the current era there is a significant increase and environmentally friendly materials are needed as a substitute for non-renewable raw materials. Candlenut shell is one of the materials that have the potential to be used as solid fuel. The process of making biobriquettes in this study uses a microwave carbonization process at a power of 440 watts, with adhesive materials from gembili flour (Dioscorea esculenta L.) and mbote flour (Colocasia esculenta). The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of candlenut shell biobriquettes with variations in the ratio of charcoal and adhesives of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40% (w/w). From this research, the best results were bio briquettes with gembili flour adhesive at a ratio of 70:30% (w/w) with a water content value of 4.39%; ash content of 4.01%, volatile matter content of 9.12%, fixed carbon content of 72.78% and the calorific value of 6875.259 cal/g. Based on the analysis results, almost of them are included in the Indonesian National Standard except for fixed carbon which should be at least 77%.","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45029236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agung Ari Wibowo, Mufid Mufid, A. Mustain, R. Ginting, D. Hartanto
Selain produksi biodiesel, bioetanol, biometana dan biohidrogen dari sumber terbarukan, gamma-valerolactone (GVL) muncul sebagai bahan bakar terbarukan potensial lainnya yang dapat diproduksi dari biomassa. GVL menunjukkan karakteristik yang sesuai sebagai sumber energi cair berkelanjutan yang menjanjikan. Dlaam kegiatan produksi GVL murni jumlah besar pastinya melibatkan proses pemisahan/ pemurnian, salah satunya adalah distilasi. Dalam perancangan proses distilasi diperlukan data kesetimbangan Uap – Cair (VLE), dan untuk akurasi perancangan biasanya digunakakan software simulasi proses seperti ChemCAD. Dalam penelitian ini, data VLE yang tersedia akan direparamterisasi sehingga bisa digunakan sebagai parameter model thermodinamika di Software ChemCAD. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan reparemeterisasi parameter interaksi biner (BIP) model NRTL untuk data VLE komponen yang terlibat dalam produksi GVL dari literature yang tersedia. Kemudian BIP hasil reparemterisasi digunakan untuk analisis sensitivitas pada shortcut kolom distilasi. Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukan bahwa perubahan suhu umpan berpengaruh terhadap konvigurasi kolom, tetapi tidak pada kualitas GVL yang dihasilkan. In addition to producing biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, and biohydrogen from renewable sources, gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is emerging as a potential renewable fuel from biomass. As a promising long-term liquid energy source, GVL possesses the necessary characteristics. The production of pure GVL in large quantities involves a separation/purification process, one of which is distillation. In designing the distillation process, Vapor-Liquid equilibrium(VLE) data is needed, and process simulation software such as ChemCAD is usually used for design accuracy. In this study, the available VLE data will be reparameterized to be used as a thermodynamic model parameter in ChemCAD Software. The binary interaction parameter (BIP) NRTL model reparameterization for the VLE data of the components involved in the creation of GVL was carried out in this work using data from the literature. The reparameterized BIP was then applied to the distillation column shortcut for sensitivity analysis. The findings of the sensitivity study reveal that changing the feed temperature changes the column arrangement but not the quality of the GVL produced.
{"title":"Reparameterization of Binary Interaction Parameters For Gamma-Valerolactone Purification Process","authors":"Agung Ari Wibowo, Mufid Mufid, A. Mustain, R. Ginting, D. Hartanto","doi":"10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.286","url":null,"abstract":"Selain produksi biodiesel, bioetanol, biometana dan biohidrogen dari sumber terbarukan, gamma-valerolactone (GVL) muncul sebagai bahan bakar terbarukan potensial lainnya yang dapat diproduksi dari biomassa. GVL menunjukkan karakteristik yang sesuai sebagai sumber energi cair berkelanjutan yang menjanjikan. Dlaam kegiatan produksi GVL murni jumlah besar pastinya melibatkan proses pemisahan/ pemurnian, salah satunya adalah distilasi. Dalam perancangan proses distilasi diperlukan data kesetimbangan Uap – Cair (VLE), dan untuk akurasi perancangan biasanya digunakakan software simulasi proses seperti ChemCAD. Dalam penelitian ini, data VLE yang tersedia akan direparamterisasi sehingga bisa digunakan sebagai parameter model thermodinamika di Software ChemCAD. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan reparemeterisasi parameter interaksi biner (BIP) model NRTL untuk data VLE komponen yang terlibat dalam produksi GVL dari literature yang tersedia. Kemudian BIP hasil reparemterisasi digunakan untuk analisis sensitivitas pada shortcut kolom distilasi. Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukan bahwa perubahan suhu umpan berpengaruh terhadap konvigurasi kolom, tetapi tidak pada kualitas GVL yang dihasilkan. In addition to producing biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, and biohydrogen from renewable sources, gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is emerging as a potential renewable fuel from biomass. As a promising long-term liquid energy source, GVL possesses the necessary characteristics. The production of pure GVL in large quantities involves a separation/purification process, one of which is distillation. In designing the distillation process, Vapor-Liquid equilibrium(VLE) data is needed, and process simulation software such as ChemCAD is usually used for design accuracy. In this study, the available VLE data will be reparameterized to be used as a thermodynamic model parameter in ChemCAD Software. The binary interaction parameter (BIP) NRTL model reparameterization for the VLE data of the components involved in the creation of GVL was carried out in this work using data from the literature. The reparameterized BIP was then applied to the distillation column shortcut for sensitivity analysis. The findings of the sensitivity study reveal that changing the feed temperature changes the column arrangement but not the quality of the GVL produced.","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41456637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biokatalis heterogen memerlukan penyangga yang sesuai melalui teknik imobilisasi enzim, terutama jika digunakan dalam industri makanan. Dalam sintesis perisa ester alami, busa poliuretan (PUF) dipilih sebagai penyangga imobilisasi lipase, karena memiliki sifat kaku inert, dan porositas tinggi. PUF perlu dilapisi dengan co-immobilized, yang terdiri dari campuran surfaktan yang aman yaitu gelatin, lecithin, PEG, MgCl2, sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan sebagai penyangga PUF hidrofobik. Interaksi hidrofobik antara lipase dan surfaktan pada PUF dapat memicu lipase yang mengaktifkan antarmuka untuk bereaksi lebih banyak dengan substrat melalui sisi aktifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kemampuan penyerapan PUF pada co-immobilized lipase sebagai biokatalis heterogen. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah PUF direndam dalam co-immobilized dengan perbandingan 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 (b/b) selama 1-5 jam, kemudian dikeringkan, hasilnya direndam dalam lipase dan dikeringkan, menghasilkan biokatalis heterogen, hasil terbaik biokatalis heterogen diuji pada sintesis perisa ester alami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi penyerapan surfaktan terbaik diperoleh selama 3 jam perendaman pada semua perbandingan PUF: co immobilized 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 (b/b) masing - masing 6,95 g/g; 23,54 g/g; 19,95 g/g, dan aktivitasnya berturut turut 2 U/g PUF; 5,86 U/g PUF; 3,34 U/g PUF. Hasil biokatalis heterogen terbaik pada rasio PUF: co immobilized 1:20 (b/b) diuji pada sintesis perisa alami melalui reaksi esterifikasi asam laurat dari minyak kelapa dan sitronelol dari minyak sereh, menghasilkan konversi 55% perisa alami citronellyl laurat.Heterogeneous biocatalysts prepared through the enzyme immobilization technique require an appropriate carrier, especially if they are used in the food industry. In the synthesis of natural ester flavor, polyurethane foam (PUF) was chosen as the lipase immobilization carrier, because it has rigid properties, inert, and high porosity. Carrier PUF needs to be coated with a food-safe surfactant known as co-immobilized, consisting of a mixture of gelatin, lecithin, PEG, and MgCl2, so that it becomes a single unit as support for hydrophobic PUF. The interaction hydrophobic between lipases and surfactants in PUF can trigger interface-activating lipases to react more with substrates through their active sites. This study aims to study the sorption capability of PUF on co-immobilized lipase as a heterogeneous biocatalyst. The steps taken were PUF was immersed in co-immobilized in a ratio of 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 (w/w) for 1-5 h, then dried, the results were soaked in lipase and dried, producing heterogeneous biocatalysts, the best results of heterogeneous biocatalysts were tested by natural flavor ester synthesis. The results showed that the best sorption conditions were obtained for 3 hours of immersion in all PUF: immobilized co ratio 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 (w/w) was 6.95 g/g; 23.54 g/g; 19.95 g/g, and each activity was 2 U/gram PUF; 5.86 U/gram PUF;
{"title":"Hydrophobic Support: A Phenomenon of Interface Lipase Activation in Polyurethane Foam as a Heterogeneous Biocatalyst in Synthesis of Natural Flavor Ester","authors":"D. Moentamaria, Z. Irfin, A. Chumaidi, H. Kusuma","doi":"10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.253","url":null,"abstract":"Biokatalis heterogen memerlukan penyangga yang sesuai melalui teknik imobilisasi enzim, terutama jika digunakan dalam industri makanan. Dalam sintesis perisa ester alami, busa poliuretan (PUF) dipilih sebagai penyangga imobilisasi lipase, karena memiliki sifat kaku inert, dan porositas tinggi. PUF perlu dilapisi dengan co-immobilized, yang terdiri dari campuran surfaktan yang aman yaitu gelatin, lecithin, PEG, MgCl2, sehingga menjadi satu kesatuan sebagai penyangga PUF hidrofobik. Interaksi hidrofobik antara lipase dan surfaktan pada PUF dapat memicu lipase yang mengaktifkan antarmuka untuk bereaksi lebih banyak dengan substrat melalui sisi aktifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kemampuan penyerapan PUF pada co-immobilized lipase sebagai biokatalis heterogen. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah PUF direndam dalam co-immobilized dengan perbandingan 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 (b/b) selama 1-5 jam, kemudian dikeringkan, hasilnya direndam dalam lipase dan dikeringkan, menghasilkan biokatalis heterogen, hasil terbaik biokatalis heterogen diuji pada sintesis perisa ester alami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi penyerapan surfaktan terbaik diperoleh selama 3 jam perendaman pada semua perbandingan PUF: co immobilized 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 (b/b) masing - masing 6,95 g/g; 23,54 g/g; 19,95 g/g, dan aktivitasnya berturut turut 2 U/g PUF; 5,86 U/g PUF; 3,34 U/g PUF. Hasil biokatalis heterogen terbaik pada rasio PUF: co immobilized 1:20 (b/b) diuji pada sintesis perisa alami melalui reaksi esterifikasi asam laurat dari minyak kelapa dan sitronelol dari minyak sereh, menghasilkan konversi 55% perisa alami citronellyl laurat.Heterogeneous biocatalysts prepared through the enzyme immobilization technique require an appropriate carrier, especially if they are used in the food industry. In the synthesis of natural ester flavor, polyurethane foam (PUF) was chosen as the lipase immobilization carrier, because it has rigid properties, inert, and high porosity. Carrier PUF needs to be coated with a food-safe surfactant known as co-immobilized, consisting of a mixture of gelatin, lecithin, PEG, and MgCl2, so that it becomes a single unit as support for hydrophobic PUF. The interaction hydrophobic between lipases and surfactants in PUF can trigger interface-activating lipases to react more with substrates through their active sites. This study aims to study the sorption capability of PUF on co-immobilized lipase as a heterogeneous biocatalyst. The steps taken were PUF was immersed in co-immobilized in a ratio of 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 (w/w) for 1-5 h, then dried, the results were soaked in lipase and dried, producing heterogeneous biocatalysts, the best results of heterogeneous biocatalysts were tested by natural flavor ester synthesis. The results showed that the best sorption conditions were obtained for 3 hours of immersion in all PUF: immobilized co ratio 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 (w/w) was 6.95 g/g; 23.54 g/g; 19.95 g/g, and each activity was 2 U/gram PUF; 5.86 U/gram PUF; ","PeriodicalId":52562,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46587146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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