Simeon C. Amadi, P. Awoyesuku, H. Omunakwe, Linda Dublin-Green, U. Ocheche, Chinweowa Ohaka
Background: Blood transfusion is an important part of patient management in obstetrics and gynaecology. There is a need to periodically assess blood transfusion practices in order to identify areas for improvement. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rate of blood transfusion, indications, local use pattern, and variability of blood type transfused. Patients, Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study over six months was conducted at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. Obstetric patients in the peripartum period and gynaecological admissions who underwent blood transfusion were included. The patients' characteristics, blood type, pretransfusion packed cell volume (PCV), indication for transfusion, blood product used, number of pints, and donor group were recorded. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Overall, 84 out of 1000 patients were transfused, giving a rate of 8.4%, 7.4% in obstetric patients, and 13% in gynaecological patients. Haemorrhage was the main reason for transfusions in obstetrics 40 (65.6%), made up of postpartum haemorrhage 27 (44.3%) and antepartum haemorrhage 13 (21.3%), while antepartum anaemia was 17 (27.9%). In gynaecology, chronic anaemia was the main reason for transfusions 10 (43.5%), while acute haemorrhage was 7 (30.4%). Blood components used were whole blood 66.7% (56/84) and sedimented blood 33.3% (28/84) only. About a quarter of the patients who received blood transfusion, had a pretransfusion PCV of 25% or more (20/84) and received only one pint of blood (21/84). Conclusion: The rate of blood transfusion was relatively high, with gynaecology rates higher than obstetric. The indication for blood transfusion in obstetrics was mainly haemorrhage, while in gynaecology, it was chronic anaemia.
背景:输血是妇产科患者管理的重要组成部分。有必要定期评估输血做法，以确定需要改进的领域。目的:本研究旨在确定输血率、适应证、当地使用模式和输血血型的可变性。患者、材料和方法:在河流州立大学教学医院进行了为期六个月的前瞻性观察研究。围产期产科患者和接受输血的妇科住院患者也包括在内。记录患者的特征、血型、输血前堆积细胞体积(PCV)、输血指征、使用的血液制品、血品数、供血组。采用SPSS version 23进行分析，差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05。结果:1000例患者中有84例输血，输血率为8.4%，产科患者为7.4%，妇科患者为13%。出血是产科输血的主要原因40例(65.6%)，其中产后出血27例(44.3%)，产前出血13例(21.3%)，产前贫血17例(27.9%)。在妇科，慢性贫血是输血的主要原因10(43.5%)，急性出血7(30.4%)。血液成分中全血占66.7%(56/84)，沉淀血占33.3%(28/84)。约四分之一接受输血的患者输血前PCV为25%或更高(20/84)，仅接受1品脱血液(21/84)。结论:输血率较高，妇科输血率高于产科输血率。产科输血指征以出血为主，妇科输血指征以慢性贫血为主。
{"title":"Evaluation of blood transfusion practice in obstetrics and gynaecology at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Simeon C. Amadi, P. Awoyesuku, H. Omunakwe, Linda Dublin-Green, U. Ocheche, Chinweowa Ohaka","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_130_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_130_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood transfusion is an important part of patient management in obstetrics and gynaecology. There is a need to periodically assess blood transfusion practices in order to identify areas for improvement. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rate of blood transfusion, indications, local use pattern, and variability of blood type transfused. Patients, Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study over six months was conducted at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. Obstetric patients in the peripartum period and gynaecological admissions who underwent blood transfusion were included. The patients' characteristics, blood type, pretransfusion packed cell volume (PCV), indication for transfusion, blood product used, number of pints, and donor group were recorded. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Overall, 84 out of 1000 patients were transfused, giving a rate of 8.4%, 7.4% in obstetric patients, and 13% in gynaecological patients. Haemorrhage was the main reason for transfusions in obstetrics 40 (65.6%), made up of postpartum haemorrhage 27 (44.3%) and antepartum haemorrhage 13 (21.3%), while antepartum anaemia was 17 (27.9%). In gynaecology, chronic anaemia was the main reason for transfusions 10 (43.5%), while acute haemorrhage was 7 (30.4%). Blood components used were whole blood 66.7% (56/84) and sedimented blood 33.3% (28/84) only. About a quarter of the patients who received blood transfusion, had a pretransfusion PCV of 25% or more (20/84) and received only one pint of blood (21/84). Conclusion: The rate of blood transfusion was relatively high, with gynaecology rates higher than obstetric. The indication for blood transfusion in obstetrics was mainly haemorrhage, while in gynaecology, it was chronic anaemia.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female mortality worldwide. About 85% occur in low-income countries with 13.8% incidence and 14% death in Ghana. p21 has been overexpressed in many cancers. Its overexpression in cervical cancer is linked to tumor growth and a bad prognosis. Aim: The expression profile of p21 in our setting is largely unknown, therefore, the necessity to evaluate p21 expression in cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study design was employed to investigate p21 expression in association with demographic and clinicopathological features on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical cancer tissues. The age, histologic type, and tumor grade of patients were abstracted from the hospital records between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016. Tissue microarray of suitable blocks was constructed, and immunohistochemistry was performed. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: One hundred and thirty-five cases were used for the study with an age range of 31–115 years and mean age of 58.93 years (standard deviation ± 17.88). Majority of the cases were postmenopausal (40–59 years). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histological type (96.3%) with the nonkeratinizing variant having the highest frequency (53.1%). Majority of the cases were high grade; Grade 2 (33.3%) and Grade 3 (49.6%). Majority of the cases (66.7%) stained positive for p21 antibody. The associations between p21 and the clinicopathological characteristics were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). p21 was more overexpressed in SCC (64.8%) than adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: An overexpression of p21 in this study suggests that it may contribute to antiapoptosis in cervical cancer leading to tumor progression, aggressive behavior, and poor prognosis.
{"title":"Analysis of p21 Expression in Cervical Carcinoma at a Tertiary Institution in Ghana: An Immunohistochemical Study","authors":"Babatunde Moses Duduyemi, Ebenezer Kojo Addai, Kweku Bedu-Addo","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_69_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_69_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female mortality worldwide. About 85% occur in low-income countries with 13.8% incidence and 14% death in Ghana. p21 has been overexpressed in many cancers. Its overexpression in cervical cancer is linked to tumor growth and a bad prognosis. Aim: The expression profile of p21 in our setting is largely unknown, therefore, the necessity to evaluate p21 expression in cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study design was employed to investigate p21 expression in association with demographic and clinicopathological features on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical cancer tissues. The age, histologic type, and tumor grade of patients were abstracted from the hospital records between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016. Tissue microarray of suitable blocks was constructed, and immunohistochemistry was performed. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: One hundred and thirty-five cases were used for the study with an age range of 31–115 years and mean age of 58.93 years (standard deviation ± 17.88). Majority of the cases were postmenopausal (40–59 years). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histological type (96.3%) with the nonkeratinizing variant having the highest frequency (53.1%). Majority of the cases were high grade; Grade 2 (33.3%) and Grade 3 (49.6%). Majority of the cases (66.7%) stained positive for p21 antibody. The associations between p21 and the clinicopathological characteristics were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). p21 was more overexpressed in SCC (64.8%) than adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: An overexpression of p21 in this study suggests that it may contribute to antiapoptosis in cervical cancer leading to tumor progression, aggressive behavior, and poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adeola Olubunmi Ajibare, Oluwaseye Michael Oladimeji, Oluwafemi Tunde Ojo, Folasade Adeola Daniel, Philip Alaba Adebola, Abdulazeez Olanrewaju
Abstract Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a complex and rare congenital heart disease (CHD), which is usually symptomatic early in childhood and thus diagnosed early. Dextrocardia is another rare CHD that can occur either as an isolated cardiac abnormality or may be associated with other complex cardiac defects. However, the co-occurrence of DORV and dextrocardia is rare, especially in adult life. We present a 35-year-old Nigerian lady with situs inversus totalis and complex CHD, which included dextrocardia with multiple congenital intracardiac shunts, DORV occurring with L-malpositioning of the great vessels, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, persistent left superior vena cava as well as severe pulmonary stenosis.
{"title":"Complex Adult Congenital Heart Disease: A Rare Case of Dextrocardia with Double-outlet Right Ventricle","authors":"Adeola Olubunmi Ajibare, Oluwaseye Michael Oladimeji, Oluwafemi Tunde Ojo, Folasade Adeola Daniel, Philip Alaba Adebola, Abdulazeez Olanrewaju","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_61_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_61_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a complex and rare congenital heart disease (CHD), which is usually symptomatic early in childhood and thus diagnosed early. Dextrocardia is another rare CHD that can occur either as an isolated cardiac abnormality or may be associated with other complex cardiac defects. However, the co-occurrence of DORV and dextrocardia is rare, especially in adult life. We present a 35-year-old Nigerian lady with situs inversus totalis and complex CHD, which included dextrocardia with multiple congenital intracardiac shunts, DORV occurring with L-malpositioning of the great vessels, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, persistent left superior vena cava as well as severe pulmonary stenosis.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is rare in Africans and so not commonly documented in this population. Aim: We aimed to document the hospital prevalence, sociodemographic factors, delay in diagnosis, and factors associated with a delay in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This multicentre retrospective study of 64 HS patients was conducted across seven outpatient dermatology clinics in Nigeria. Data spanning 2017 and 2022 were retrieved following ethical approval. Extracted information included age at onset, age at diagnosis, delay in diagnosis, gender, family history of HS, body mass index, smoking history, socioeconomic status, and Hurley stage. Data were analysed using IBM Statistics version 26. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirteen thousand six-hundred and two new patients composed of 5850 males and 7752 females attended the clinics and 64 of them had HS giving a hospital prevalence of 0.47% (64/13,602). Most of the HS (70.3%) were female. The median (interquartile range) age of the patients was 30 (24, 36) years and the age range was 12–59 years. Age at diagnosis was 20–39 years in 76.6%. There was a delay in diagnosis in 45.3%, a significant relationship between delay in diagnosis with duration and severity of HS with P < 0.001 and P < 0.005, respectively. Conclusion: HS is uncommon in Nigeria. Diagnosis is frequently delayed and patients present with a severe form of the disease. Furthermore, HS is rare among individuals with a low socioeconomic status. There is a need for more awareness and prompt referral of this debilitating disease at the primary health-care level.
摘要背景:化脓性汗腺炎(HS)在非洲很少见，因此在该人群中不常见。目的:我们旨在记录医院患病率、社会人口因素、诊断延迟以及与诊断延迟相关的因素。材料和方法:这项多中心回顾性研究在尼日利亚7个门诊皮肤科诊所对64名HS患者进行了研究。在伦理批准后，检索了2017年和2022年的数据。提取的信息包括发病年龄、诊断年龄、诊断延迟、性别、HS家族史、体重指数、吸烟史、社会经济状况和Hurley分期。使用IBM Statistics version 26分析数据。对于所有统计检验，P <0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:新就诊患者13662例，男5850例，女7752例，其中HS 64例，医院患病率为0.47%(64/ 13602)。以女性居多(70.3%)。患者年龄中位数(四分位数间距)为30(24,36)岁，年龄范围为12-59岁。诊断年龄20 ~ 39岁占76.6%。延迟诊断率为45.3%，延迟诊断与HS病程、严重程度有显著相关性;0.001和P <0.005,分别。结论:HS在尼日利亚并不常见。诊断经常延迟，患者表现出严重的疾病形式。此外，HS在社会经济地位低的个体中罕见。有必要在初级保健一级提高对这种使人衰弱的疾病的认识和及时转诊。
{"title":"Hospital Prevalence, Delay in Diagnosis, and Sociodemographic Features of Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Nigeria: A Multicentre Retrospective Study","authors":"Ehiaghe Lonia Anaba, Obumneme Emeka Okoro, Perpetua Ibekwe, Hadiza Sani, Bolaji Ibiesa Otike-Odibi, Eshan Blessing Henshaw","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_67_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_67_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is rare in Africans and so not commonly documented in this population. Aim: We aimed to document the hospital prevalence, sociodemographic factors, delay in diagnosis, and factors associated with a delay in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This multicentre retrospective study of 64 HS patients was conducted across seven outpatient dermatology clinics in Nigeria. Data spanning 2017 and 2022 were retrieved following ethical approval. Extracted information included age at onset, age at diagnosis, delay in diagnosis, gender, family history of HS, body mass index, smoking history, socioeconomic status, and Hurley stage. Data were analysed using IBM Statistics version 26. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirteen thousand six-hundred and two new patients composed of 5850 males and 7752 females attended the clinics and 64 of them had HS giving a hospital prevalence of 0.47% (64/13,602). Most of the HS (70.3%) were female. The median (interquartile range) age of the patients was 30 (24, 36) years and the age range was 12–59 years. Age at diagnosis was 20–39 years in 76.6%. There was a delay in diagnosis in 45.3%, a significant relationship between delay in diagnosis with duration and severity of HS with P < 0.001 and P < 0.005, respectively. Conclusion: HS is uncommon in Nigeria. Diagnosis is frequently delayed and patients present with a severe form of the disease. Furthermore, HS is rare among individuals with a low socioeconomic status. There is a need for more awareness and prompt referral of this debilitating disease at the primary health-care level.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Awoyesuku, D. John, A. Josiah, L. Sapira-Ordu, Chinweowa Ohaka, Simeon C. Amadi
Background: Preterm birth poses an important management challenge and is a major public health problem associated with a higher perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although the rates of preterm birth are reportedly high in sub-Saharan Africa, there are little available data on factors associated with preterm birth in this sub-region. Aim: To determine the prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes of preterm births in a tertiary care centre in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case–control study of preterm births, in a two-year period between January 2020 and December 2021, was conducted at the Rivers State university teaching hospital. An unmatched control group of term births was used for comparison. Data were retrieved from the hospital records of all the participants using a structured pro forma. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 23 and the significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Of 3476 singleton birth, 258 (7.4%) were preterm births. Six patients had incomplete data and were excluded from further analysis. Majority, 167 (66.3%), were moderate preterm, gestational age (GA) 32–35. The mean GA at birth was 32.02 ± 2.26 weeks. Majority were aged 31–40 years and parity of 2–4. Stillbirths were 71/252 (28.2%) and 19/101 (18.8%) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suffered early neonatal death. Preterm birth was more likely in unbooked women, those who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension/eclampsia and following prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM). Babies <32 weeks were more likely delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery and suffered birth asphyxia. Conclusion: The preterm birth prevalence among singleton gestation was 7.4% and remains a significant factor for perinatal death. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, PROM, and lack of antenatal care were identified as risk factors.
{"title":"Prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes of singleton preterm births at a Tertiary Hospital in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"P. Awoyesuku, D. John, A. Josiah, L. Sapira-Ordu, Chinweowa Ohaka, Simeon C. Amadi","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preterm birth poses an important management challenge and is a major public health problem associated with a higher perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although the rates of preterm birth are reportedly high in sub-Saharan Africa, there are little available data on factors associated with preterm birth in this sub-region. Aim: To determine the prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes of preterm births in a tertiary care centre in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case–control study of preterm births, in a two-year period between January 2020 and December 2021, was conducted at the Rivers State university teaching hospital. An unmatched control group of term births was used for comparison. Data were retrieved from the hospital records of all the participants using a structured pro forma. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 23 and the significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Of 3476 singleton birth, 258 (7.4%) were preterm births. Six patients had incomplete data and were excluded from further analysis. Majority, 167 (66.3%), were moderate preterm, gestational age (GA) 32–35. The mean GA at birth was 32.02 ± 2.26 weeks. Majority were aged 31–40 years and parity of 2–4. Stillbirths were 71/252 (28.2%) and 19/101 (18.8%) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suffered early neonatal death. Preterm birth was more likely in unbooked women, those who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension/eclampsia and following prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM). Babies <32 weeks were more likely delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery and suffered birth asphyxia. Conclusion: The preterm birth prevalence among singleton gestation was 7.4% and remains a significant factor for perinatal death. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, PROM, and lack of antenatal care were identified as risk factors.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41895897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olise Ozakpo, Nyemike S. Awunor, Patrick G. Oyibo, Mamodesan T. Okumagba
Abstract Introduction: Nigeria recently used electronic surveillance tools for epidemic diseases, one such tool is the Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS); no readily available study has assessed the use of SORMAS in Nigeria. The title of this study is the usability of SORMAS for coronavirus disease among epidemiological officers in Delta State; it explored the ease of use, the effectiveness of SORMAS, its applicability, and the challenges with its use. Materials and Methods: This descriptive qualitative study involved disease surveillance and notification officers (DSNOs) and their assistants DSNOs in the year 2022; 25 of them were interviewed using two audio tape recorders after consent was obtained. Ethical clearance was obtained from the appropriate body. Thematic content analysis, with the help of Analysis of Qualitative Data software, was used to analyze data. Results: The findings showed that SORMAS was difficult to use for 100% of the respondents, particularly at the initial time, and subsequent use was relatively easy. About 100% of users found SORMAS to be effective for coronavirus disease 2019 surveillance and claimed it could be applied to other health diseases. About 100% of the respondents had challenges which included network problems, unavailability of adequate airtime, low technological know-how, software glitch, and hardware issues, among others. Conclusion: This study helped to outline the factors affecting SORMAS use, demonstrated that SORMAS was relatively easy to use after repeated training, was deemed effective by all respondents; applied to other health diseases, and its use was affected by several challenges.
{"title":"Usability of Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System for Coronavirus Disease among Epidemiology Officers in Delta State Nigeria","authors":"Olise Ozakpo, Nyemike S. Awunor, Patrick G. Oyibo, Mamodesan T. Okumagba","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_51_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_51_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Nigeria recently used electronic surveillance tools for epidemic diseases, one such tool is the Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS); no readily available study has assessed the use of SORMAS in Nigeria. The title of this study is the usability of SORMAS for coronavirus disease among epidemiological officers in Delta State; it explored the ease of use, the effectiveness of SORMAS, its applicability, and the challenges with its use. Materials and Methods: This descriptive qualitative study involved disease surveillance and notification officers (DSNOs) and their assistants DSNOs in the year 2022; 25 of them were interviewed using two audio tape recorders after consent was obtained. Ethical clearance was obtained from the appropriate body. Thematic content analysis, with the help of Analysis of Qualitative Data software, was used to analyze data. Results: The findings showed that SORMAS was difficult to use for 100% of the respondents, particularly at the initial time, and subsequent use was relatively easy. About 100% of users found SORMAS to be effective for coronavirus disease 2019 surveillance and claimed it could be applied to other health diseases. About 100% of the respondents had challenges which included network problems, unavailability of adequate airtime, low technological know-how, software glitch, and hardware issues, among others. Conclusion: This study helped to outline the factors affecting SORMAS use, demonstrated that SORMAS was relatively easy to use after repeated training, was deemed effective by all respondents; applied to other health diseases, and its use was affected by several challenges.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Ekenedirichukwu Okwara, Joseph Eberendu Ahaneku, Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe, Gerald Okanandu Udigwe, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu, Emmanuel Chidiebere Okwara, Nuratu Adejumoke Okwara, Salaam Mujeeb, Emeka Callistus Onyeka Izuchukwu
Abstract Background: Pregnancy is associated with biochemical alterations and may be compounded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection potentially affecting pregnancy outcome. Aims: This study evaluated some biochemical parameters that could possibly affect pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women. Patients, Materials and Methods: The study involved 136 HIV sero-positive on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 137 HIV sero-negative pregnant women, recruited from the Antenatal Clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-1 (βGP1), and thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOab) were analysed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results: TPOab in HIV sero-positive subjects (104.9 ± 51.06 IU/mL) was significantly higher ( P > 0.05) compared with controls (89.5 ± 33.5 IU/mL). ANA and βGP1 in test group (0.89 ± 0.31; 12.94 ± 8.9, respectively) did not change significantly ( P > 0.05) compared with the controls (0.84 ± 0.27; 10.37 ± 9.6, respectively). There were no significant changes in measured biochemical parameters between trimesters ( P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in measured biochemical parameters between subjects with different APGAR scores in all subject groups. Conclusion: HIV infection affected TPOab level but had no impact on ANA, bGP1, and APGAR score in HIV pregnancy under HAART.
{"title":"Assessment of Antinuclear Antibodies, Anti-Beta 2-Glycoprotein-1, and Thyroid Peroxidase Autoantibody Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sero-positive Pregnant Women at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Nigeria","authors":"John Ekenedirichukwu Okwara, Joseph Eberendu Ahaneku, Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe, Gerald Okanandu Udigwe, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu, Emmanuel Chidiebere Okwara, Nuratu Adejumoke Okwara, Salaam Mujeeb, Emeka Callistus Onyeka Izuchukwu","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_59_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_59_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Pregnancy is associated with biochemical alterations and may be compounded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection potentially affecting pregnancy outcome. Aims: This study evaluated some biochemical parameters that could possibly affect pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women. Patients, Materials and Methods: The study involved 136 HIV sero-positive on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 137 HIV sero-negative pregnant women, recruited from the Antenatal Clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-1 (βGP1), and thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOab) were analysed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results: TPOab in HIV sero-positive subjects (104.9 ± 51.06 IU/mL) was significantly higher ( P > 0.05) compared with controls (89.5 ± 33.5 IU/mL). ANA and βGP1 in test group (0.89 ± 0.31; 12.94 ± 8.9, respectively) did not change significantly ( P > 0.05) compared with the controls (0.84 ± 0.27; 10.37 ± 9.6, respectively). There were no significant changes in measured biochemical parameters between trimesters ( P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in measured biochemical parameters between subjects with different APGAR scores in all subject groups. Conclusion: HIV infection affected TPOab level but had no impact on ANA, bGP1, and APGAR score in HIV pregnancy under HAART.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Yusuf Mahmood, Abdurrahman Ashiru, Falmata Baba Shettima, Abdulkareem Abashe Abdullahi, Abdulhakeem Mamman Ngulde, Zaharadeen Umar Abbas, Inuwa Murtala Jibrin, Umar Baba Musami, Ibrahim Abdu Wakawa
Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a significant global challenge, necessitating the development and administration of vaccines to halt its spread. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the predictors, patterns, and personality variables influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Nigerian health-care workers (HCWs). Aim: The study set to assess level of factors including personality factors that influence acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines among.HCWs in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: From August 9 to October 11, 2021, a web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 300 HCWs in Nigeria, aged 19 and above, with social media access and English language proficiency. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data on the SPSS version 20. Results: The findings revealed that while 64% of those who participated in the study received the first dosage of the COVID-19 vaccine, only 48.3% returned for the second dose. The impression of heightened susceptibility to contracting COVID-19 was the primary reason for vaccination uptake. Although education level was associated with vaccination uptake, it did not predict it independently. The age distribution, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and high vulnerability as a rationale for receiving a vaccine were all the independent predictors of vaccine uptake. Conclusion: This study reveals that despite their role as vaccination advocates, HCWs can exhibit hesitancy toward novel vaccines. To increase vaccine uptake among HCWs and the general population, it is crucial to recognise the factors that influence vaccine acceptance among them, including individual personality variables, and incorporate this understanding into vaccination promotion programs.
背景:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行对全球构成重大挑战，需要开发和使用疫苗来阻止其传播。然而，关于影响尼日利亚卫生保健工作者(HCWs)接种COVID-19疫苗的预测因素、模式和个性变量的信息有限。目的:研究影响新冠肺炎疫苗接受程度的因素，包括人格因素。尼日利亚的卫生保健工作者。材料与方法:从2021年8月9日至10月11日，对尼日利亚300名19岁及以上的医疗保健工作者进行了一项基于网络的横断面调查，这些人具有社交媒体访问和英语语言能力。采用描述性统计、卡方和二元logistic回归在SPSS version 20上分析数据。结果:研究结果显示，参加研究的人中有64%接种了第一剂COVID-19疫苗，但只有48.3%的人接种了第二剂疫苗。对感染COVID-19的易感性增加的印象是接种疫苗的主要原因。虽然教育水平与疫苗接种有关，但不能独立预测。年龄分布、随和、尽责性和高度易感性作为接种疫苗的基本原理都是疫苗摄取的独立预测因素。结论:本研究表明，尽管卫生保健工作者是疫苗接种的倡导者，但他们对新型疫苗可能表现出犹豫。为了提高卫生保健工作者和一般人群的疫苗接种率，关键是要认识到影响他们接受疫苗的因素，包括个人性格变量，并将这一认识纳入疫苗接种促进计划。
{"title":"Personality Traits as Key Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers in Nigeria","authors":"Mohammed Yusuf Mahmood, Abdurrahman Ashiru, Falmata Baba Shettima, Abdulkareem Abashe Abdullahi, Abdulhakeem Mamman Ngulde, Zaharadeen Umar Abbas, Inuwa Murtala Jibrin, Umar Baba Musami, Ibrahim Abdu Wakawa","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_40_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_40_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a significant global challenge, necessitating the development and administration of vaccines to halt its spread. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the predictors, patterns, and personality variables influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Nigerian health-care workers (HCWs). Aim: The study set to assess level of factors including personality factors that influence acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines among.HCWs in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: From August 9 to October 11, 2021, a web-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 300 HCWs in Nigeria, aged 19 and above, with social media access and English language proficiency. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data on the SPSS version 20. Results: The findings revealed that while 64% of those who participated in the study received the first dosage of the COVID-19 vaccine, only 48.3% returned for the second dose. The impression of heightened susceptibility to contracting COVID-19 was the primary reason for vaccination uptake. Although education level was associated with vaccination uptake, it did not predict it independently. The age distribution, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and high vulnerability as a rationale for receiving a vaccine were all the independent predictors of vaccine uptake. Conclusion: This study reveals that despite their role as vaccination advocates, HCWs can exhibit hesitancy toward novel vaccines. To increase vaccine uptake among HCWs and the general population, it is crucial to recognise the factors that influence vaccine acceptance among them, including individual personality variables, and incorporate this understanding into vaccination promotion programs.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135651097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Neurofibroma (NF) is a neural tumour derived from the proliferation of Schwann cells. Oral NF is rare, and no known study exists in the Nigerian literature. Aims: The aim was to study the clinicopathologic features of oral NF in a tertiary hospital in Enugu and review of the literature. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary health institution in Enugu from April 2012 to March 2022. The clinical records, radiographs, and histopathology reports of patients seen at the department of oral pathology and oral medicine were examined for cases of NF. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Chi-square statistics for association between the variables. Results: There were only 11 oral peripheral neural sheath tumours, and all were diagnosed as NF. These constitute 1.1% of 897 orofacial biopsies received. Solitary oral NF constituted 90.9% of cases, while 9.1% was associated with neurofibromatosis type I. One of the solitary cases occurred with ameloblastoma. The mean age at the onset of the tumour was 38 ± 24.4 years (range: 8–85 years). A male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1 was obtained, and a majority of lesions, 7 (63.6%) of 11, were located in soft tissue sites only. The tongue (27.3%) and the mandible (27.3%) were the most common intraosseous and soft tissue sites. Pain (18.2%) and recurrence (54.5%) were observed. Conclusion: Oral NF was the most common peripheral nerve sheath tumour, with a low prevalence, male predilection, and frequently extraosseous.
{"title":"Oral Neurofibroma: 10-Year Experience in Enugu","authors":"M. Nwoga","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_133_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_133_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurofibroma (NF) is a neural tumour derived from the proliferation of Schwann cells. Oral NF is rare, and no known study exists in the Nigerian literature. Aims: The aim was to study the clinicopathologic features of oral NF in a tertiary hospital in Enugu and review of the literature. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary health institution in Enugu from April 2012 to March 2022. The clinical records, radiographs, and histopathology reports of patients seen at the department of oral pathology and oral medicine were examined for cases of NF. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Chi-square statistics for association between the variables. Results: There were only 11 oral peripheral neural sheath tumours, and all were diagnosed as NF. These constitute 1.1% of 897 orofacial biopsies received. Solitary oral NF constituted 90.9% of cases, while 9.1% was associated with neurofibromatosis type I. One of the solitary cases occurred with ameloblastoma. The mean age at the onset of the tumour was 38 ± 24.4 years (range: 8–85 years). A male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1 was obtained, and a majority of lesions, 7 (63.6%) of 11, were located in soft tissue sites only. The tongue (27.3%) and the mandible (27.3%) were the most common intraosseous and soft tissue sites. Pain (18.2%) and recurrence (54.5%) were observed. Conclusion: Oral NF was the most common peripheral nerve sheath tumour, with a low prevalence, male predilection, and frequently extraosseous.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43132483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin O. Ayogu, Okwudili C. Amu, Okezie M. Mbadiwe, Solomon Kenechukwu Anyimba, Francis I. Ukekwe, Chukwunonso D. Nwachukwu, Henry N. Akporeha
Abstract Paratesticular tumours are tumours that arise from the testicular tunics, spermatic cord, epididymis, or vestigial remnants. The tumours are rare and account for approximately 5% of intrascrotal neoplasms. About 75% of these tumours arise from the spermatic cord. Paratesticular tumours most commonly manifest as painless scrotal masses. Alternatively, the tumour may be incidentally noticed when a scrotal ultrasound scan is done for another intrascrotal pathology such as hydrocele, inguinoscrotal hernia, epididymo-orchitis, or suspected testicular tumour. We present a case of metastatic paratesticular tumour in a 21-year-old Nigerian male, who presented at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, in September 2018 at the age of 19 years with a painless right hemiscrotal mass. The patient was clinically evaluated with scrotal ultrasonography, testicular tumour markers, and liver function test. Biopsy specimen obtained was ignorantly discarded by the patient who was subsequently lost to follow-up. Histologic diagnosis of mesenchymal tumour (myxoid liposarcoma) was made two years after his initial presentation when he developed both inguinal and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis at the age of 21 years. He was evaluated as clinical stage IV disease and then commenced on chemotherapy after baseline investigations. Our objective of presenting this report is to highlight the effect of delayed diagnosis in the management outcome, challenges in the provision of resources in low- and middle-income countries, and to emphasise the rarity of the tumour in our subregion.
{"title":"Management of Metastatic Paratesticular Tumour in a Resource-Poor Setting","authors":"Benjamin O. Ayogu, Okwudili C. Amu, Okezie M. Mbadiwe, Solomon Kenechukwu Anyimba, Francis I. Ukekwe, Chukwunonso D. Nwachukwu, Henry N. Akporeha","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_64_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_64_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Paratesticular tumours are tumours that arise from the testicular tunics, spermatic cord, epididymis, or vestigial remnants. The tumours are rare and account for approximately 5% of intrascrotal neoplasms. About 75% of these tumours arise from the spermatic cord. Paratesticular tumours most commonly manifest as painless scrotal masses. Alternatively, the tumour may be incidentally noticed when a scrotal ultrasound scan is done for another intrascrotal pathology such as hydrocele, inguinoscrotal hernia, epididymo-orchitis, or suspected testicular tumour. We present a case of metastatic paratesticular tumour in a 21-year-old Nigerian male, who presented at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, in September 2018 at the age of 19 years with a painless right hemiscrotal mass. The patient was clinically evaluated with scrotal ultrasonography, testicular tumour markers, and liver function test. Biopsy specimen obtained was ignorantly discarded by the patient who was subsequently lost to follow-up. Histologic diagnosis of mesenchymal tumour (myxoid liposarcoma) was made two years after his initial presentation when he developed both inguinal and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis at the age of 21 years. He was evaluated as clinical stage IV disease and then commenced on chemotherapy after baseline investigations. Our objective of presenting this report is to highlight the effect of delayed diagnosis in the management outcome, challenges in the provision of resources in low- and middle-income countries, and to emphasise the rarity of the tumour in our subregion.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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