Background: Decentralization is a major HIV care strategy that was implemented in 2016 with the aim of improving the availability and accessibility of HIV care by devolving HIV care services from tertiary health facilities to peripheral centres such as HIV community pharmacies (CP). Aim: This study assessed and compared the satisfaction of stable HIV clients receiving services at community pharmacy and specialist HIV clinic. Patients, Materials and Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study design involving 174 clients in CP and 174 clients in specialty clinics (SCs) in Rivers State, Nigeria was used. Clients' satisfaction was measured using patient satisfaction questionnaire and dichotomized into satisfied and not satisfied. Chi-square test was used for the analysis of “strongly agree” and “agree” responses while Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare client's satisfaction between facilities. Results: Clients attending CP showed higher mean ranks compared to SCs in the general satisfaction (P < 0.001) and financial aspect (P < 0.001) domains while the SCs clients demonstrated higher mean in the interpersonal manners (P = 0.012) and time spent with providers (P < 0.001). Overall, 65.5% and 72.3% of participants were satisfied with HIV care in SCs and CP respectively with a gap of 6.8% in favour of CP (P = 0.117). Conclusion: The study found a higher level of overall client satisfaction for HIV care services received at CP compared to the SCs. These findings emphasize the need for confirmation of this hypothesis using analytic design to inform further decentralization to the remaining Local Government Areas in Rivers State.
{"title":"Satisfaction with HIV care: Comparative assessment between HIV clients in community pharmacies and specialty clinics in Rivers State Nigeria","authors":"Glory Worgu, D. Ogaji","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_100_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_100_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Decentralization is a major HIV care strategy that was implemented in 2016 with the aim of improving the availability and accessibility of HIV care by devolving HIV care services from tertiary health facilities to peripheral centres such as HIV community pharmacies (CP). Aim: This study assessed and compared the satisfaction of stable HIV clients receiving services at community pharmacy and specialist HIV clinic. Patients, Materials and Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study design involving 174 clients in CP and 174 clients in specialty clinics (SCs) in Rivers State, Nigeria was used. Clients' satisfaction was measured using patient satisfaction questionnaire and dichotomized into satisfied and not satisfied. Chi-square test was used for the analysis of “strongly agree” and “agree” responses while Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare client's satisfaction between facilities. Results: Clients attending CP showed higher mean ranks compared to SCs in the general satisfaction (P < 0.001) and financial aspect (P < 0.001) domains while the SCs clients demonstrated higher mean in the interpersonal manners (P = 0.012) and time spent with providers (P < 0.001). Overall, 65.5% and 72.3% of participants were satisfied with HIV care in SCs and CP respectively with a gap of 6.8% in favour of CP (P = 0.117). Conclusion: The study found a higher level of overall client satisfaction for HIV care services received at CP compared to the SCs. These findings emphasize the need for confirmation of this hypothesis using analytic design to inform further decentralization to the remaining Local Government Areas in Rivers State.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43673962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Favour Barnabas, A. Dahal, J. Damen, W. Udo, E. Mantu, Suzan Joseph, Martina Ekpo, U. Ashien
Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are group of parasitic nematodes transmitted through ingestion of eggs in contaminated food and water or through active skin penetration by an infective larva. Aim: This study determined the prevalence of STHs and molecular identification of Ascaris lumbricoides in fresh carrots and cucumbers in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study of carrots and cucumbers obtained from two vegetable markets and streets of Jos metropolis. About 200 g of each sample was weighed and washed separately in a sterile container using 200 ml of normal saline. This was allowed to sediment overnight, and the sediment was examined microscopically for eggs or larvae of parasites using ×10 and ×40 objectives of the light microscope. The positive samples for eggs of A. lumbricoides were subjected to molecular identification. The data obtained were computed using IBM SPSS software version 26. Results: The overall prevalence of STHs was 38.3% (138/360). The rate of contamination was higher in carrots with 45.0% (81/180) compared to 31.7% (57/180) of the total cucumbers examined. This was statistically significant (P = 0.009). The vegetables from the Farin-Gada market were the most contaminated, having a prevalence of 63 (52.5%), followed by the building Materials Market 50 (41.7%) and street traders 25 (20.8%). Strongyloides stercoralis was the most identified parasite totaling 69 (50.0%), followed by hookworm 51 (37.0%), A. lumbricoides 10 (7.2%), and Trichuris trichiura 8 (5.8%) being the least. Conclusions: There was a high contamination of carrots and cucumber studied in this research by STHs. Hence, there is a need for proper washing and possible decontamination before consumption to prevent food-borne infections.
{"title":"Soil-transmitted helminths contamination of carrots and cucumbers, and molecular identification of Ascaris lumbricoides in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"Favour Barnabas, A. Dahal, J. Damen, W. Udo, E. Mantu, Suzan Joseph, Martina Ekpo, U. Ashien","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_75_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_75_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are group of parasitic nematodes transmitted through ingestion of eggs in contaminated food and water or through active skin penetration by an infective larva. Aim: This study determined the prevalence of STHs and molecular identification of Ascaris lumbricoides in fresh carrots and cucumbers in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study of carrots and cucumbers obtained from two vegetable markets and streets of Jos metropolis. About 200 g of each sample was weighed and washed separately in a sterile container using 200 ml of normal saline. This was allowed to sediment overnight, and the sediment was examined microscopically for eggs or larvae of parasites using ×10 and ×40 objectives of the light microscope. The positive samples for eggs of A. lumbricoides were subjected to molecular identification. The data obtained were computed using IBM SPSS software version 26. Results: The overall prevalence of STHs was 38.3% (138/360). The rate of contamination was higher in carrots with 45.0% (81/180) compared to 31.7% (57/180) of the total cucumbers examined. This was statistically significant (P = 0.009). The vegetables from the Farin-Gada market were the most contaminated, having a prevalence of 63 (52.5%), followed by the building Materials Market 50 (41.7%) and street traders 25 (20.8%). Strongyloides stercoralis was the most identified parasite totaling 69 (50.0%), followed by hookworm 51 (37.0%), A. lumbricoides 10 (7.2%), and Trichuris trichiura 8 (5.8%) being the least. Conclusions: There was a high contamination of carrots and cucumber studied in this research by STHs. Hence, there is a need for proper washing and possible decontamination before consumption to prevent food-borne infections.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47103427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afiong Oku, M. Kooffreh-Ada, E. Adams, Joy N Iya-Benson, Felicia Okon
Background: Health-care workers are at the frontline of COVID-19 pandemic response with an increased risk of infection compared to the general population with a significant number losing their lives. It is therefore crucial that HCWs have adequate knowledge about all aspects of the disease to protect themselves and reduce transmission of COVID-19 in populations they serve. Aim: The aim is to determine the level of knowledge of health-care workers (HCWs) regarding COVID-19 in selected local government areas (LGAs) in Cross River State. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study involving a pre- and post-test evaluation was carried out among 47 HCWs in five selected LGAs in Cross River State. A 1-day nonresidential training aimed at improving the knowledge of COVID-19 among HCWs was organized by the Efik Young professionals in collaboration with the State Primary Health Care Development Agency. Data were summarized using proportions and paired t-test to explore associations between quantitative variables. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. A score of 70 and above represented adequate knowledge. Results: The mean age of participants in the workshop was 36.9 ± 7.23 years. The majority of the respondents were female 38 (80.9%) and health facility heads 20 (42.6%). Before the training, less than a fifth (16.2%) demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding COVID-19 infection. Post-test analysis revealed a marked improvement (83.8%) in the knowledge acquired and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Although the training workshop was useful in improving the knowledge of HCWs regarding COVID-19, it is important that these trainings are done periodically to update the HCWs with adequate information particularly frontline HCWs serving in rural areas.
{"title":"Assessment of health-care workers' knowledge regarding COVID-19 in selected local government areas in cross River State","authors":"Afiong Oku, M. Kooffreh-Ada, E. Adams, Joy N Iya-Benson, Felicia Okon","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_178_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_178_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health-care workers are at the frontline of COVID-19 pandemic response with an increased risk of infection compared to the general population with a significant number losing their lives. It is therefore crucial that HCWs have adequate knowledge about all aspects of the disease to protect themselves and reduce transmission of COVID-19 in populations they serve. Aim: The aim is to determine the level of knowledge of health-care workers (HCWs) regarding COVID-19 in selected local government areas (LGAs) in Cross River State. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study involving a pre- and post-test evaluation was carried out among 47 HCWs in five selected LGAs in Cross River State. A 1-day nonresidential training aimed at improving the knowledge of COVID-19 among HCWs was organized by the Efik Young professionals in collaboration with the State Primary Health Care Development Agency. Data were summarized using proportions and paired t-test to explore associations between quantitative variables. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. A score of 70 and above represented adequate knowledge. Results: The mean age of participants in the workshop was 36.9 ± 7.23 years. The majority of the respondents were female 38 (80.9%) and health facility heads 20 (42.6%). Before the training, less than a fifth (16.2%) demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding COVID-19 infection. Post-test analysis revealed a marked improvement (83.8%) in the knowledge acquired and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Although the training workshop was useful in improving the knowledge of HCWs regarding COVID-19, it is important that these trainings are done periodically to update the HCWs with adequate information particularly frontline HCWs serving in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48336746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder resulting from the destruction of melanocytes of affected patients. Celiac disease (CD) is characterised by autoimmune inflammation of small intestinal mucosa specifically triggered by the gluten consumption in susceptible individuals. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) serology is recommended as an initial test for the diagnosis of CD prior to confirmation with intestinal biopsy. Aim: We aimed to compare the serum IgA anti-tTG levels in vitiligo patients and controls without vitiligo in a hospital in South-West Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a case–control study of 33 vitiligo cases and 33 controls. IgA anti-tTG was assayed in participants' sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocol employing recombinant human tTG. Results: A total of 66 participants were recruited into the study; 33 cases with vitiligo and 33 controls. The median age for cases was 50 years (range: 4–82). The median age for the controls was 55 years (range: 23–76). Generalised vitiligo accounted for 13 (40%) of vitiligo cases with the others consisting of various forms of segmental vitiligo. Anti-tTG levels were higher in cases at 6.1U/ml (8.8, 0.6–20.0) (med [interquartile range (IQR), min-max]), compared to controls 5.2 U/ml (3.7, 0.7–22.4). Difference between groups estimated using the Mann-Whitney U-test was not significant, u = 408.0, P = 0.08 (α = 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in serum IgA anti-tTG in vitiligo cases and controls in this study. Further studies are required to clarify the nature of the association between vitiligo and CD.
{"title":"A celiac disease marker: Serum immunoglobulin a anti-tissue transglutaminase in vitiligo cases and controls in a hospital in South-West Nigeria","authors":"Adetokunbo Ajala, Omowunmi Ashaolu, C. Olowu","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_106_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_106_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder resulting from the destruction of melanocytes of affected patients. Celiac disease (CD) is characterised by autoimmune inflammation of small intestinal mucosa specifically triggered by the gluten consumption in susceptible individuals. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) serology is recommended as an initial test for the diagnosis of CD prior to confirmation with intestinal biopsy. Aim: We aimed to compare the serum IgA anti-tTG levels in vitiligo patients and controls without vitiligo in a hospital in South-West Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was a case–control study of 33 vitiligo cases and 33 controls. IgA anti-tTG was assayed in participants' sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocol employing recombinant human tTG. Results: A total of 66 participants were recruited into the study; 33 cases with vitiligo and 33 controls. The median age for cases was 50 years (range: 4–82). The median age for the controls was 55 years (range: 23–76). Generalised vitiligo accounted for 13 (40%) of vitiligo cases with the others consisting of various forms of segmental vitiligo. Anti-tTG levels were higher in cases at 6.1U/ml (8.8, 0.6–20.0) (med [interquartile range (IQR), min-max]), compared to controls 5.2 U/ml (3.7, 0.7–22.4). Difference between groups estimated using the Mann-Whitney U-test was not significant, u = 408.0, P = 0.08 (α = 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in serum IgA anti-tTG in vitiligo cases and controls in this study. Further studies are required to clarify the nature of the association between vitiligo and CD.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48659167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Abaate, Tamunodiepiriye Inimgba, V. Ogbonna, C. Onyeaghala, Celine Osi, Abiye Somiari, Agiri Utchay (JR), D. Buowari
Background: Workers anywhere are exposed to assault at the workplace and the worst affected are service providers. Globally, the highest incidence occurs among health-care workers (HCWs) and it is a workplace hazard. Aim: This is a review article investigating the burden of violence against HCWs in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: To provide the evidence of violence against HCWs, a narrative review of pertinent papers on workplace violence (WPV) against HCWs in Nigeria was conducted using the databases PubMed, Ajol, and Google Scholar. We found that violence against HCWs is high in the health sector. It is further worsened by conflict situations and the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses and physicians are the common victims. The most common perpetrators are companions of patients followed by the patients themselves. Worse still is that the victim/survivors may do little or nothing about it. Worse, there is no protocol in place to prevent recurrence, so victims/survivors may have little or no recourse. Conclusion: WPV occurs in health care. Therefore, there must be reporting systems in all Nigerian including protocols to prevent this menace.
{"title":"Workplace violence against health care workers in Nigeria","authors":"T. Abaate, Tamunodiepiriye Inimgba, V. Ogbonna, C. Onyeaghala, Celine Osi, Abiye Somiari, Agiri Utchay (JR), D. Buowari","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_102_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_102_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Workers anywhere are exposed to assault at the workplace and the worst affected are service providers. Globally, the highest incidence occurs among health-care workers (HCWs) and it is a workplace hazard. Aim: This is a review article investigating the burden of violence against HCWs in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: To provide the evidence of violence against HCWs, a narrative review of pertinent papers on workplace violence (WPV) against HCWs in Nigeria was conducted using the databases PubMed, Ajol, and Google Scholar. We found that violence against HCWs is high in the health sector. It is further worsened by conflict situations and the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses and physicians are the common victims. The most common perpetrators are companions of patients followed by the patients themselves. Worse still is that the victim/survivors may do little or nothing about it. Worse, there is no protocol in place to prevent recurrence, so victims/survivors may have little or no recourse. Conclusion: WPV occurs in health care. Therefore, there must be reporting systems in all Nigerian including protocols to prevent this menace.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45382087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: To deliver an adequate dialysis dose, it is necessary that the dialysis frequency, erythropoietin use, blood pressure control among others, be optimized. This is in addition to treating comorbidities and minimizing complications. Adequate dialysis improves the quality of life (QOL) and reduces the morbidity and mortality rates. Aim: To assess the determinant and correlates of under-dialysis in these two centres. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 5065 prevalent dialysis treatments given to 623 participants with end-stage renal disease from two centres in Nigeria. Participants' biodata, serum biochemistry, and hematocrit of cohorts with once-, twice-, and thrice-weekly sessions were analyzed. Results: Males had more dialysis treatments than women. Two hundred and twenty-seven (36.4%) cohorts had weekly sessions, 296 (47.5%) had twice-weekly sessions, and 100 (16.1%) had thrice-weekly sessions. The mean age of all participants was 50.5 ± 7.9 years, and was higher in women than men, P = 0.02. The percentage of the elderly in the maintenance dialysis population was 13.8%. Only 19.4% of the participants meet the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative recommendation of thrice-weekly erythropoietin, just as only 11.9% had health insurance. The dialysis dose was higher in males (P = 0.07), with health insurance (P < 0.001), frequent dialysis (P < 0.001), frequent erythropoietin (P < 0.001), higher hematocrit (P = 0.03), and bicarbonate (P = 0.001), but was lower in intradialytic hypotension compared to intradialytic hypertension, P = 0.004 versus P = 0.005. Dialysis termination and intradialytic death were negatively correlated with dialysis frequency. Health insurance, frequency of dialysis, and erythropoietin predicted the dialysis dose. Conclusion: Under-dialysis and suboptimal erythropoietin use were prevalent in the dialysis population and it restricted the prescribed dose which eventually gave lower dialysis doses, higher dialysis complications, and poor QOL.
{"title":"Under-Dialysis: Determinants and clinical correlates – Findings from a two-centre retrospective study in Nigeria","authors":"P. Uduagbamen, F. Soyinka, T. Binuyo, N. Boco","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_95_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_95_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To deliver an adequate dialysis dose, it is necessary that the dialysis frequency, erythropoietin use, blood pressure control among others, be optimized. This is in addition to treating comorbidities and minimizing complications. Adequate dialysis improves the quality of life (QOL) and reduces the morbidity and mortality rates. Aim: To assess the determinant and correlates of under-dialysis in these two centres. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 5065 prevalent dialysis treatments given to 623 participants with end-stage renal disease from two centres in Nigeria. Participants' biodata, serum biochemistry, and hematocrit of cohorts with once-, twice-, and thrice-weekly sessions were analyzed. Results: Males had more dialysis treatments than women. Two hundred and twenty-seven (36.4%) cohorts had weekly sessions, 296 (47.5%) had twice-weekly sessions, and 100 (16.1%) had thrice-weekly sessions. The mean age of all participants was 50.5 ± 7.9 years, and was higher in women than men, P = 0.02. The percentage of the elderly in the maintenance dialysis population was 13.8%. Only 19.4% of the participants meet the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative recommendation of thrice-weekly erythropoietin, just as only 11.9% had health insurance. The dialysis dose was higher in males (P = 0.07), with health insurance (P < 0.001), frequent dialysis (P < 0.001), frequent erythropoietin (P < 0.001), higher hematocrit (P = 0.03), and bicarbonate (P = 0.001), but was lower in intradialytic hypotension compared to intradialytic hypertension, P = 0.004 versus P = 0.005. Dialysis termination and intradialytic death were negatively correlated with dialysis frequency. Health insurance, frequency of dialysis, and erythropoietin predicted the dialysis dose. Conclusion: Under-dialysis and suboptimal erythropoietin use were prevalent in the dialysis population and it restricted the prescribed dose which eventually gave lower dialysis doses, higher dialysis complications, and poor QOL.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47560014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Fakuade, E. Orikpete, O. Obimakinde, A. Lawan, O. Omitola
Background: Tissue biopsy is an established method of diagnosis which helps in establishing the various types of lesions. However, contrasting findings may exist depending on facility, personnel available, and geographical region. Aim: To carry out a six-year audit of oral lesions diagnosed through histopathology in our institution. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of all histopathologically diagnosed oral lesions within a six-year period. Information retrieved from the patients' record and analyzed were age, sex, occupation, site, and histological diagnosis. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were presented. Results: Two hundred and forty-two oral biopsies consisting of 130 females and 112 males were performed during the study period. Patients age ranged from 1 to 82 years with a mean of 30.2 ± 17.6 years. Lesions were mostly located on the mandible and were mainly benign in nature. The most common benign lesion was ameloblastoma, whereas the most common malignant lesion was squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The prevalence and pattern of presentation of oral lesions in our center are similar to the previous reports from Nigeria and other parts of the world. There is a need to increase the awareness about oral health and availability of oral histopathological services in our center to improve utilization.
{"title":"Oral histopathological diagnosis: A 6-year audit at a tertiary hospital in Gombe, North-East Nigeria","authors":"B. Fakuade, E. Orikpete, O. Obimakinde, A. Lawan, O. Omitola","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_117_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_117_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tissue biopsy is an established method of diagnosis which helps in establishing the various types of lesions. However, contrasting findings may exist depending on facility, personnel available, and geographical region. Aim: To carry out a six-year audit of oral lesions diagnosed through histopathology in our institution. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of all histopathologically diagnosed oral lesions within a six-year period. Information retrieved from the patients' record and analyzed were age, sex, occupation, site, and histological diagnosis. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were presented. Results: Two hundred and forty-two oral biopsies consisting of 130 females and 112 males were performed during the study period. Patients age ranged from 1 to 82 years with a mean of 30.2 ± 17.6 years. Lesions were mostly located on the mandible and were mainly benign in nature. The most common benign lesion was ameloblastoma, whereas the most common malignant lesion was squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The prevalence and pattern of presentation of oral lesions in our center are similar to the previous reports from Nigeria and other parts of the world. There is a need to increase the awareness about oral health and availability of oral histopathological services in our center to improve utilization.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41827056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blessing Myke-Mbata, S. Meludu, I. Mba, J. Okwara, M. Olisah
Background: Biomarkers may be needed to aid in the screening of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes mellitus (DM) to enhance early detection and foster early intervention in the management of chronic complications in DM. Hyperuricemia has been correlated with diabetic cardiovascular complication (CVC) and has been implicated in the development and manifestation of CVDs. Hence, this study intends to evaluate its role in CVD risk stratification among patients DM. Aim: Evaluation of the value of uric acid (UA) in CVDs risk stratification among type 2 diabetics. Patients, Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study made up of 101 type 2 DM and control participants. The diabetics were classified into two groups: depending on the presence or absence of CVCs. The CVC observed were diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular accident, and ischemic heart diseases. Blood samples were collected for the determination of glycated hemoglobin and UA. Results: UA increased significantly in diabetics with CVCs and especially among those with peripheral neuropathy and poorly controlled glycemic level. However, the diagnostic measures of UA has a poor ability to distinguish between patients with and without CVD. Conclusion: UA may not be diagnostically relevant in screening for CVDs in the bid to ease early diagnosis among diabetes patients despite its comparative increase among those with CVCs.
{"title":"Evaluation of uric acid as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease risk stratification among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Blessing Myke-Mbata, S. Meludu, I. Mba, J. Okwara, M. Olisah","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_113_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_113_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biomarkers may be needed to aid in the screening of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes mellitus (DM) to enhance early detection and foster early intervention in the management of chronic complications in DM. Hyperuricemia has been correlated with diabetic cardiovascular complication (CVC) and has been implicated in the development and manifestation of CVDs. Hence, this study intends to evaluate its role in CVD risk stratification among patients DM. Aim: Evaluation of the value of uric acid (UA) in CVDs risk stratification among type 2 diabetics. Patients, Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study made up of 101 type 2 DM and control participants. The diabetics were classified into two groups: depending on the presence or absence of CVCs. The CVC observed were diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular accident, and ischemic heart diseases. Blood samples were collected for the determination of glycated hemoglobin and UA. Results: UA increased significantly in diabetics with CVCs and especially among those with peripheral neuropathy and poorly controlled glycemic level. However, the diagnostic measures of UA has a poor ability to distinguish between patients with and without CVD. Conclusion: UA may not be diagnostically relevant in screening for CVDs in the bid to ease early diagnosis among diabetes patients despite its comparative increase among those with CVCs.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45636543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bello Bashir, S. Agbo, Muhammad Umar, I. Abubakar, Hamza Sani, Mikailu Abdullahi, Faruk Emetuma
Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions are heterogeneous lesions that could be benign, borderline, or malignant. Neoplastic cystic lesions/tumours are rare tumours of the exocrine pancreas; difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and they account for 2%–10% of pancreatic tumours. Pancreatic pseudocyst is the most typical benign cystic pancreatic lesion arising from pancreatic ductal inflammation or ductal disruption. Both benign and malignant cystic pancreatic lesions are amenable to surgical treatments, with a good prognosis. Aim: The aim is to present our 11yrs of experience in the management of pancreatic cystic lesions. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of pancreatic cystic lesions managed at the General Surgery Unit of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, from 2010 to 2020. A retrospective review of the case notes of patients was done with an emphasis on biodata, presentation, investigations treatment offered, complications, and follow-up were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 22, Inc. (Chicago II, USA). Results: We managed 28 patients over 11 years. Three patients had pancreatic cystic tumours, whereas 25 patients had pancreatic pseudocysts. The age ranges of the patient with pancreatic cystic tumours are 29–50 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. All the patients had tumour excision with histology revealing two pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas and one serous cystadenoma. The age range of patients with pseudocyst is 27–42 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.1, and most of the patient had internal drainage. Conclusion: Pancreatic cystic tumours are uncommon pancreatic neoplasms that are amenable to surgical interventions with a good prognosis. Pancreatic pseudocyst was seen mainly in females within the young age group. Both benign and neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions are amenable to surgical intervention with a good prognosis.
{"title":"Pancreatic cystic lesions: An 11 years (2010–2020) of experience at Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching hospital, Sokoto","authors":"Bello Bashir, S. Agbo, Muhammad Umar, I. Abubakar, Hamza Sani, Mikailu Abdullahi, Faruk Emetuma","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_73_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_73_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions are heterogeneous lesions that could be benign, borderline, or malignant. Neoplastic cystic lesions/tumours are rare tumours of the exocrine pancreas; difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and they account for 2%–10% of pancreatic tumours. Pancreatic pseudocyst is the most typical benign cystic pancreatic lesion arising from pancreatic ductal inflammation or ductal disruption. Both benign and malignant cystic pancreatic lesions are amenable to surgical treatments, with a good prognosis. Aim: The aim is to present our 11yrs of experience in the management of pancreatic cystic lesions. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of pancreatic cystic lesions managed at the General Surgery Unit of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, from 2010 to 2020. A retrospective review of the case notes of patients was done with an emphasis on biodata, presentation, investigations treatment offered, complications, and follow-up were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 22, Inc. (Chicago II, USA). Results: We managed 28 patients over 11 years. Three patients had pancreatic cystic tumours, whereas 25 patients had pancreatic pseudocysts. The age ranges of the patient with pancreatic cystic tumours are 29–50 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. All the patients had tumour excision with histology revealing two pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas and one serous cystadenoma. The age range of patients with pseudocyst is 27–42 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.1, and most of the patient had internal drainage. Conclusion: Pancreatic cystic tumours are uncommon pancreatic neoplasms that are amenable to surgical interventions with a good prognosis. Pancreatic pseudocyst was seen mainly in females within the young age group. Both benign and neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions are amenable to surgical intervention with a good prognosis.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49544319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Okolo, Y. Adeyemo, Chikao Oguchi, A. Malami, O. Olatosi, F. Oredugba
Background: Children rely on an accompanying adult to access and get consent for their medical care. Parents usually serve as the accompanying adults; however, there are situations when they must delegate that duty. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the practice of accompanying children for dental treatment in northern Nigeria and describe the circumstances surrounding their visit for dental treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all new patients (and their accompanying adults) who visited the paediatric dentistry clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano between January 2017 and June 2020. Descriptive statistics were presented using means, standard deviations, percentages, and frequencies. Bivariate (Chi-square test), multivariate analysis, and two-way analysis of variance were performed to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Data from 1656 children were analyzed. 46.6% (n = 770) of the children were female. Majority of the children (66.1%) were accompanied by their mothers and most (69.5%, n = 1151) of the accompanying adults were female. Fathers mostly accompanied the male children: this finding was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The proportion of children accompanied by their mothers was much higher among the younger children (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In Kano, parents most frequently accompanied pediatric patients to dental appointments. Mothers were the most common companions for very young children as well as female children. The health-seeking behaviour in northern Nigeria appears to be influenced by culture and religion.
{"title":"An analysis of the practice of accompanying paediatric patients for dental treatment in Kano, Nigeria","authors":"C. Okolo, Y. Adeyemo, Chikao Oguchi, A. Malami, O. Olatosi, F. Oredugba","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_96_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_96_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children rely on an accompanying adult to access and get consent for their medical care. Parents usually serve as the accompanying adults; however, there are situations when they must delegate that duty. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the practice of accompanying children for dental treatment in northern Nigeria and describe the circumstances surrounding their visit for dental treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all new patients (and their accompanying adults) who visited the paediatric dentistry clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano between January 2017 and June 2020. Descriptive statistics were presented using means, standard deviations, percentages, and frequencies. Bivariate (Chi-square test), multivariate analysis, and two-way analysis of variance were performed to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Data from 1656 children were analyzed. 46.6% (n = 770) of the children were female. Majority of the children (66.1%) were accompanied by their mothers and most (69.5%, n = 1151) of the accompanying adults were female. Fathers mostly accompanied the male children: this finding was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The proportion of children accompanied by their mothers was much higher among the younger children (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In Kano, parents most frequently accompanied pediatric patients to dental appointments. Mothers were the most common companions for very young children as well as female children. The health-seeking behaviour in northern Nigeria appears to be influenced by culture and religion.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48136224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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