Salahu Dalhat, H. Mujahid, Adesope Saheed, Abdullahi Miko, A. Mohammad, A. Sani, I. Shuaibu
Background: Effective and prompt intervention following an episode of cardiac arrest increases survival probability. This underscores the need for basic life support (BLS) training among first-line health-care workers. This study assesses the impact of BLS training among final-year medical students in a Nigerian institution. Materials and Methods: Pre- and Post-BLS training questionnaires aimed at assessing knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were administered to 72 final-year medical students. Response to 20 questions were scored (total score 20), collated, and analyzed. Knowledge was graded as good if total score was 15 and above and poor if total score was <15. Results: The lowest score pre-BLS training was 6 and the highest score was 16, with a mean of 10.68 ± 2.24. The lowest score post-BLS training was 13 and the highest score was 19, with a mean of 16.8 ± 1.52. Good knowledge of BLS was demonstrated in 8.3% and 88.9% of students pre- and post-BLS training, respectively. Conclusion: The knowledge base about CPR of final-year medical students in Nigeria is low but was remarkably improved with a focused BLS training.
{"title":"Impact of basic life support training on the knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among final-year medical students","authors":"Salahu Dalhat, H. Mujahid, Adesope Saheed, Abdullahi Miko, A. Mohammad, A. Sani, I. Shuaibu","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_25_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_25_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Effective and prompt intervention following an episode of cardiac arrest increases survival probability. This underscores the need for basic life support (BLS) training among first-line health-care workers. This study assesses the impact of BLS training among final-year medical students in a Nigerian institution. Materials and Methods: Pre- and Post-BLS training questionnaires aimed at assessing knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were administered to 72 final-year medical students. Response to 20 questions were scored (total score 20), collated, and analyzed. Knowledge was graded as good if total score was 15 and above and poor if total score was <15. Results: The lowest score pre-BLS training was 6 and the highest score was 16, with a mean of 10.68 ± 2.24. The lowest score post-BLS training was 13 and the highest score was 19, with a mean of 16.8 ± 1.52. Good knowledge of BLS was demonstrated in 8.3% and 88.9% of students pre- and post-BLS training, respectively. Conclusion: The knowledge base about CPR of final-year medical students in Nigeria is low but was remarkably improved with a focused BLS training.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"424 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Though increasing, the demand for cosmetic surgery in Nigeria is low compared to developed countries. Gender is the most predictive sociodemographic factor in determining attitude to cosmetic surgery. Aim: This study aimed to determine the attitudes of female medical doctors in Nigeria to cosmetic surgery. Materials and Methods: This was an analytic cross-sectional study involving female medical doctors practicing in Nigeria between September 2021 and October 2021. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to participants via social media platforms and during the Medical Women's Association of Nigeria's 22nd Biennial Conference. Attitude to cosmetic surgery was assessed using the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). An independent samples t-test/analysis of variance test was used to determine the mean significant differences between the study characteristics and ACSS scores. Sociodemographic and medical practice factors associated with willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery were determined using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 181 respondents. Most of them were young (mean age: 35.94 ± 7.19 years), married (126 [69.6%]), and practiced in tertiary institutions (137 [75.7%]). Sixty-two (34.3%) respondents were willing to undergo cosmetic surgery in the future, while only five (2.8%) had undergone prior cosmetic surgery. ACSS analysis revealed that most, 133 (73.5%), respondents had a positive attitude to cosmetic surgery. However, none of the study characteristics were significant predictors of attitude to or willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery. Conclusion: Most of the participants had a positive attitude to cosmetic surgery, but were unwilling to undergo one. Further qualitative studies are needed.
{"title":"Attitudes of female medical doctors in nigeria to cosmetic surgery: An analytic cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Michael, Ebere Ugwu, Francisca O. Aladesanwa","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_58_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_58_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Though increasing, the demand for cosmetic surgery in Nigeria is low compared to developed countries. Gender is the most predictive sociodemographic factor in determining attitude to cosmetic surgery. Aim: This study aimed to determine the attitudes of female medical doctors in Nigeria to cosmetic surgery. Materials and Methods: This was an analytic cross-sectional study involving female medical doctors practicing in Nigeria between September 2021 and October 2021. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to participants via social media platforms and during the Medical Women's Association of Nigeria's 22nd Biennial Conference. Attitude to cosmetic surgery was assessed using the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). An independent samples t-test/analysis of variance test was used to determine the mean significant differences between the study characteristics and ACSS scores. Sociodemographic and medical practice factors associated with willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery were determined using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 181 respondents. Most of them were young (mean age: 35.94 ± 7.19 years), married (126 [69.6%]), and practiced in tertiary institutions (137 [75.7%]). Sixty-two (34.3%) respondents were willing to undergo cosmetic surgery in the future, while only five (2.8%) had undergone prior cosmetic surgery. ACSS analysis revealed that most, 133 (73.5%), respondents had a positive attitude to cosmetic surgery. However, none of the study characteristics were significant predictors of attitude to or willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery. Conclusion: Most of the participants had a positive attitude to cosmetic surgery, but were unwilling to undergo one. Further qualitative studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"435 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41432805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Shin, Rohith George, Santosh R. Goudar, Sydney D'souza, I. Masoodi
Background: Endoscopy has a great role in the diagnosis, surveillance, and management of various gastrointestinal (GI) ailments. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of upper GI (UGI) symptoms and correlate them with the findings on UGI endoscopic examination. Patients and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2019 to December 2020 in the adult patients presenting with UGI complaints. The patients underwent UGI endoscopy at Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, a tertiary care centre in southern Indian state of Karnataka. Endoscopies were performed as per the standard protocol with diagnosis based on accepted criteria. Results: A total of 450 subjects (mean age: 49.14 ± 13.9; range, 19–89; 322 [71.5%] men) were included. Among the diagnostic indications, dyspeptic symptom seen in 176 (39.1%) patients was the most frequent indication in this study cohort, followed by reflux in 73 (16.2%) patients, UGI bleeding in 69 (15.34%) patients (portal hypertensive bleeding was found to be more common than nonvariceal bleed (49:20). Antral gastritis was seen in 112 (24.9%) patients. Ninety (20%) patients were found to have esophageal varices and 47 (10.4%) had esophagitis. Biopsy showed 25.3% to be positive for Helicobacter pylori. Forty-seven (10.45%) patients with a mean age 32 ± 6.8 years with dyspeptic symptoms but no alarming symptoms had normal endoscopic examination. Conclusion: Antral gastritis was the most common endoscopic finding in patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Portal hypertension was a more common cause of UGI bleeding compared to duodenal ulcers. While the majority of the patients presenting with heartburn had esophagitis, nonerosive esophagitis was observed in 3.2% of patients.
{"title":"The Spectrum of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings and Therapeutic Interventions in Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Complaints: A Tertiary Care Study","authors":"Mohammed Shin, Rohith George, Santosh R. Goudar, Sydney D'souza, I. Masoodi","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_55_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_55_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endoscopy has a great role in the diagnosis, surveillance, and management of various gastrointestinal (GI) ailments. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of upper GI (UGI) symptoms and correlate them with the findings on UGI endoscopic examination. Patients and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2019 to December 2020 in the adult patients presenting with UGI complaints. The patients underwent UGI endoscopy at Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, a tertiary care centre in southern Indian state of Karnataka. Endoscopies were performed as per the standard protocol with diagnosis based on accepted criteria. Results: A total of 450 subjects (mean age: 49.14 ± 13.9; range, 19–89; 322 [71.5%] men) were included. Among the diagnostic indications, dyspeptic symptom seen in 176 (39.1%) patients was the most frequent indication in this study cohort, followed by reflux in 73 (16.2%) patients, UGI bleeding in 69 (15.34%) patients (portal hypertensive bleeding was found to be more common than nonvariceal bleed (49:20). Antral gastritis was seen in 112 (24.9%) patients. Ninety (20%) patients were found to have esophageal varices and 47 (10.4%) had esophagitis. Biopsy showed 25.3% to be positive for Helicobacter pylori. Forty-seven (10.45%) patients with a mean age 32 ± 6.8 years with dyspeptic symptoms but no alarming symptoms had normal endoscopic examination. Conclusion: Antral gastritis was the most common endoscopic finding in patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Portal hypertension was a more common cause of UGI bleeding compared to duodenal ulcers. While the majority of the patients presenting with heartburn had esophagitis, nonerosive esophagitis was observed in 3.2% of patients.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"396 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43635163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yamini Gurjar, Trusha Kansagara, Meet M. Chauhan, Nikita Savani
Background: Recently, mucormycosis cases were increasingly reported in people with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly from India. With the subsequent waves of COVID 19 in India, mucormycosis cases may rise again. Besides, people's perception, attitude, and practice toward mucormycosis can be explored with the web-based survey so its outcome can be used in spreading awareness among the general population. Aim and Objectives: The study's aim and objective were to assess the perception, attitude, and practice related to mucormycosis in the COVID-19 era and the associated sociodemographic factors among the general population of Gujarat. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out for 2 months (June 21–July 21) using semistructured questionnaire in the local language. The form was circulated through WhatsApp application. The principle of the snowball technique was used for data collection. Information related to sociodemographic profile, followed by questions on perception, attitude, and practice related to mucormycosis was collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 998 responses for sociodemographic variables were obtained for the study. Seven hundred and eighty-six participants were part of the study for the assessment of perception, attitude, and practice of mucormycosis. A total of 61.45%, 61.83%, and 63.99% of participants had good perception, attitude, and practice, respectively. Binary logistic regression revealed that education and relation with health-care workers for perception, sex, and place of residence for attitude and occupation for practice were independent determinants. Conclusion: Good perception, attitude, and practice toward mucormycosis among respondents show that good efforts have been done toward Information, Education, and Communication by health authorities and mass media. Still, there is a need for more collaborative actions in spreading awareness toward the remaining population.
{"title":"To Assess the Perception, Attitude, and Practice Related to Mucormycosis during COVID-19 Era: A Community-based Cross-Sectional Survey Using Online Platform among the Population of Gujarat, India","authors":"Yamini Gurjar, Trusha Kansagara, Meet M. Chauhan, Nikita Savani","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_189_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_189_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recently, mucormycosis cases were increasingly reported in people with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly from India. With the subsequent waves of COVID 19 in India, mucormycosis cases may rise again. Besides, people's perception, attitude, and practice toward mucormycosis can be explored with the web-based survey so its outcome can be used in spreading awareness among the general population. Aim and Objectives: The study's aim and objective were to assess the perception, attitude, and practice related to mucormycosis in the COVID-19 era and the associated sociodemographic factors among the general population of Gujarat. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out for 2 months (June 21–July 21) using semistructured questionnaire in the local language. The form was circulated through WhatsApp application. The principle of the snowball technique was used for data collection. Information related to sociodemographic profile, followed by questions on perception, attitude, and practice related to mucormycosis was collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 998 responses for sociodemographic variables were obtained for the study. Seven hundred and eighty-six participants were part of the study for the assessment of perception, attitude, and practice of mucormycosis. A total of 61.45%, 61.83%, and 63.99% of participants had good perception, attitude, and practice, respectively. Binary logistic regression revealed that education and relation with health-care workers for perception, sex, and place of residence for attitude and occupation for practice were independent determinants. Conclusion: Good perception, attitude, and practice toward mucormycosis among respondents show that good efforts have been done toward Information, Education, and Communication by health authorities and mass media. Still, there is a need for more collaborative actions in spreading awareness toward the remaining population.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"406 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47576286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Enitan, O. Olasode, O. Onayemi, A. Ajani, O. Oninla, F. Olanrewaju, M. Oripelaye
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair disorder resulting from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and nutritional factors. It may be associated with psychological, social, and emotional disturbances in the affected individuals and this may lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life (QoL). Aim: This study determined the impacts of AGA on the QoL among a Nigerian population. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 110 adults with AGA. Adult patients with AGA attending dermatology clinic were consecutively recruited after obtaining an informed consent. The QoL was assessed with Hairdex questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 43.45 ± 11.72 years (age range of 23–82 years) with male-to-female ratio of 14.7:1. The AGA duration ranged from 2 to 38 years, with a mean duration of 11.5 ± 4.2 years. Significant impairment in QoL was observed among the subjects in the Hairdex domains of symptoms, functioning, emotion, stigmatization, and self-confidence. Subjects who have previously been treated were more affected compared to those who were new and were yet to receive any treatment. Conclusion: Significant proportion of individuals with AGA experience enormous impairment in the QoL, indicating the need for psychosocial support while managing such patients.
{"title":"Androgenetic alopecia: What impact does it have on the quality of Life?","authors":"A. Enitan, O. Olasode, O. Onayemi, A. Ajani, O. Oninla, F. Olanrewaju, M. Oripelaye","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_61_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_61_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair disorder resulting from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and nutritional factors. It may be associated with psychological, social, and emotional disturbances in the affected individuals and this may lead to a significant reduction in the quality of life (QoL). Aim: This study determined the impacts of AGA on the QoL among a Nigerian population. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 110 adults with AGA. Adult patients with AGA attending dermatology clinic were consecutively recruited after obtaining an informed consent. The QoL was assessed with Hairdex questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 43.45 ± 11.72 years (age range of 23–82 years) with male-to-female ratio of 14.7:1. The AGA duration ranged from 2 to 38 years, with a mean duration of 11.5 ± 4.2 years. Significant impairment in QoL was observed among the subjects in the Hairdex domains of symptoms, functioning, emotion, stigmatization, and self-confidence. Subjects who have previously been treated were more affected compared to those who were new and were yet to receive any treatment. Conclusion: Significant proportion of individuals with AGA experience enormous impairment in the QoL, indicating the need for psychosocial support while managing such patients.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"455 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Secondary sexual characteristics appear at puberty with rapid physical, emotional, and cognitive developments. In girls, thelarche is usually the first sign of puberty, followed by the growth of pubic hair. In Nigeria, unlike many developed countries, there are few studies on puberty. Aim: This study aims to document the age of attainment of all the Tanner stages of sexual maturation, the sequence of these events, and the age of attainment of menarche among female secondary school students in Abeokuta. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among girls with an age range between 10 and 20 years of schooling in Abeokuta, South-West Nigeria. Multistage randomly selected participants answered questions on the pro forma. Physical examination including pubertal staging was done. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel® 2010 and SPSS 22.0. Results: Seven hundred and eleven subjects were recruited. The mean age of the subjects was 14.4 ± 1.9 years. The earliest sign of puberty among the subjects, B2, was seen at a mean age of 12.4 ± 1.5 years, followed by the onset of pubic hair development, and PH 2 at a mean age of 13.4 ± 1.7 years. The mean age of attainment of menarche was 13.1 ± 1.7 years, while the age for completion of pubic hair development is 16.2 ± 1.6 years. Out of 499 subjects who had attained menarche, 324 (64.9%) were in Stage 4 of breast development and 307 (61.5%) were in Stage 3 of pubic hair development. Conclusion: The age of onset and completion of pubertal maturation in this study is 12.4 ± 1.5 years and 16.2 ± 1.6 years, respectively. Thelarche as the first sign of puberty is followed by pubic hair development.
{"title":"Age of Pubertal Maturation of Girls in South Western Nigeria","authors":"Omosalewa Oyewole, A. Oduwole, A. Adediran","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_70_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_70_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Secondary sexual characteristics appear at puberty with rapid physical, emotional, and cognitive developments. In girls, thelarche is usually the first sign of puberty, followed by the growth of pubic hair. In Nigeria, unlike many developed countries, there are few studies on puberty. Aim: This study aims to document the age of attainment of all the Tanner stages of sexual maturation, the sequence of these events, and the age of attainment of menarche among female secondary school students in Abeokuta. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among girls with an age range between 10 and 20 years of schooling in Abeokuta, South-West Nigeria. Multistage randomly selected participants answered questions on the pro forma. Physical examination including pubertal staging was done. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel® 2010 and SPSS 22.0. Results: Seven hundred and eleven subjects were recruited. The mean age of the subjects was 14.4 ± 1.9 years. The earliest sign of puberty among the subjects, B2, was seen at a mean age of 12.4 ± 1.5 years, followed by the onset of pubic hair development, and PH 2 at a mean age of 13.4 ± 1.7 years. The mean age of attainment of menarche was 13.1 ± 1.7 years, while the age for completion of pubic hair development is 16.2 ± 1.6 years. Out of 499 subjects who had attained menarche, 324 (64.9%) were in Stage 4 of breast development and 307 (61.5%) were in Stage 3 of pubic hair development. Conclusion: The age of onset and completion of pubertal maturation in this study is 12.4 ± 1.5 years and 16.2 ± 1.6 years, respectively. Thelarche as the first sign of puberty is followed by pubic hair development.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"443 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44296410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afisulahi Maiyegun, Y. Mutalub, A. Muhammad, M. Akangoziri
Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is growing worldwide, with herbal medicine often the most common CAM, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. For optimal patient care, the clinician should know what other medications patients use and why. While many studies have been done on herbal medicine use in the general population, studies on this topic among insured patients in Nigeria are scanty, at best. Thus, there is a need for more researches in this area. Aim: This study aimed to assess the use of herbal medicine among patients enrolled in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Patients, Materials and Methods: The participants were adult patients (at least 18 years old), of both genders, attending the NHIS Clinic of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi. This was an analytical, cross-sectional study. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling. Very sick patients and those who refused to grant consent to the study were exempted. Only seven declined, giving a response rate of 98.1% (364/371). An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on participants' biodata and the use of herbal medicine. The study was done from October 1, 2020 to December 23, 2020 over 12 weeks. Results: The lifetime prevalence of herbal medicine use was 76.65%. The most common herbs used were moringa (47.31%), garlic (46.95%), ginger (38.71%), lemon (36.20%), and black seed (33.69%). Most of the participants (67.4%) used herbs for treatment, and the main reason for use was their effectiveness (61.3%). Over a third of participants combined herbs and orthodox medicine, and 82.44% never told their doctors they used herbs. Marital status of the study participants was the only variable associated with herbal medicine use (P = 0.022 at 95% confidence level). Conclusion: Patients in the NHIS use herbal medicine, though the point prevalence is relatively lower than in uninsured patients. Hence, doctors should be careful to enquire about the herbs these patients use and counsel them appropriately.
{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of herbal medicine use among adults attending the national health insurance clinic of abubakar tafawa balewa university teaching hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria","authors":"Afisulahi Maiyegun, Y. Mutalub, A. Muhammad, M. Akangoziri","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_41_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_41_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is growing worldwide, with herbal medicine often the most common CAM, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. For optimal patient care, the clinician should know what other medications patients use and why. While many studies have been done on herbal medicine use in the general population, studies on this topic among insured patients in Nigeria are scanty, at best. Thus, there is a need for more researches in this area. Aim: This study aimed to assess the use of herbal medicine among patients enrolled in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Patients, Materials and Methods: The participants were adult patients (at least 18 years old), of both genders, attending the NHIS Clinic of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi. This was an analytical, cross-sectional study. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling. Very sick patients and those who refused to grant consent to the study were exempted. Only seven declined, giving a response rate of 98.1% (364/371). An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on participants' biodata and the use of herbal medicine. The study was done from October 1, 2020 to December 23, 2020 over 12 weeks. Results: The lifetime prevalence of herbal medicine use was 76.65%. The most common herbs used were moringa (47.31%), garlic (46.95%), ginger (38.71%), lemon (36.20%), and black seed (33.69%). Most of the participants (67.4%) used herbs for treatment, and the main reason for use was their effectiveness (61.3%). Over a third of participants combined herbs and orthodox medicine, and 82.44% never told their doctors they used herbs. Marital status of the study participants was the only variable associated with herbal medicine use (P = 0.022 at 95% confidence level). Conclusion: Patients in the NHIS use herbal medicine, though the point prevalence is relatively lower than in uninsured patients. Hence, doctors should be careful to enquire about the herbs these patients use and counsel them appropriately.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"417 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46259659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Congenital ectropion is a rare condition affecting newborns, in which the upper eyelid is turned outwards. Its etiology and pathogenesis, while not yet clear, are associated with congenital lid disorders such as blepharophimosis syndrome, congenital ichthyosis, Down syndrome, and birth trauma, with a higher incidence among Africans. This article reports three cases of this rare condition and their subsequent nonsurgical management. It is important to diagnose this condition early to institute swift conservative care, rule out associated conditions, and ensure good vision in the patient.
{"title":"Congenital Ectropion in Three Babies in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"Rachel Enebe, O. Dawodu","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_51_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_51_22","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital ectropion is a rare condition affecting newborns, in which the upper eyelid is turned outwards. Its etiology and pathogenesis, while not yet clear, are associated with congenital lid disorders such as blepharophimosis syndrome, congenital ichthyosis, Down syndrome, and birth trauma, with a higher incidence among Africans. This article reports three cases of this rare condition and their subsequent nonsurgical management. It is important to diagnose this condition early to institute swift conservative care, rule out associated conditions, and ensure good vision in the patient.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"480 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45597130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Falase, Setemi Olufemi, Ayowade Adeleye, Adeola Amogbonjaye, Samiat Sunmola, A. Olaiya, Omowumi Folaranmi
Background: Identifying the factors that influence the choices medical students make regarding their careers can prove invaluable in the management of healthcare manpower. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the career choices and the determining factors for these choices among final year medical students at the Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey of two consecutive final year classes with a total of 141 students surveyed in February 2014 and February 2015. Results: A total of 141 students were surveyed. 75.2% intended to specialise, the most common specialties being: Surgery (29.2%), Paediatrics (14.2%), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (13.2%) and Internal medicine (13.2%). More men preferred surgery (43.5% vs 18.3%; p = 0.005) and more women paediatrics (20% vs 6.5%; p = 0.011). 24.8% did not want to specialise. The reasons included: rigours of residency (48.6%), unacceptable hours of practice (34.3%), difficulty getting placements (28.6%) and family requirements (22.9%). 48.1% of the respondents chose to do their residency abroad, 27.4% chose to stay at home and 24.5% were undecided. The main factors influencing choice of residency abroad were better exposure (88.2%), improved standards of living (82.4%), avoiding incessant strike actions (80.4%) and better financial rewards (72.5%). Conclusion: Most students showed a preference for the core clinical specialties with significant gender disparity in specialty preference. The potential for continuous 'brain drain' is also identified. Appropriate steps should be taken to mitigate the factors identified that influenced these choices, to protect the future medical workforce.
{"title":"Career choices and determining factors among final year medical students in Lagos Nigeria","authors":"B. Falase, Setemi Olufemi, Ayowade Adeleye, Adeola Amogbonjaye, Samiat Sunmola, A. Olaiya, Omowumi Folaranmi","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_38_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_38_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Identifying the factors that influence the choices medical students make regarding their careers can prove invaluable in the management of healthcare manpower. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the career choices and the determining factors for these choices among final year medical students at the Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey of two consecutive final year classes with a total of 141 students surveyed in February 2014 and February 2015. Results: A total of 141 students were surveyed. 75.2% intended to specialise, the most common specialties being: Surgery (29.2%), Paediatrics (14.2%), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (13.2%) and Internal medicine (13.2%). More men preferred surgery (43.5% vs 18.3%; p = 0.005) and more women paediatrics (20% vs 6.5%; p = 0.011). 24.8% did not want to specialise. The reasons included: rigours of residency (48.6%), unacceptable hours of practice (34.3%), difficulty getting placements (28.6%) and family requirements (22.9%). 48.1% of the respondents chose to do their residency abroad, 27.4% chose to stay at home and 24.5% were undecided. The main factors influencing choice of residency abroad were better exposure (88.2%), improved standards of living (82.4%), avoiding incessant strike actions (80.4%) and better financial rewards (72.5%). Conclusion: Most students showed a preference for the core clinical specialties with significant gender disparity in specialty preference. The potential for continuous 'brain drain' is also identified. Appropriate steps should be taken to mitigate the factors identified that influenced these choices, to protect the future medical workforce.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"390 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47765009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Odo Chinonso, A. Obi, T. Mbaeri, A. Obiesie, Ulebe Obasi, J. Okeke, Joseph Abiahu, Alexander Ekwunife Nwofor
Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine whether bisacodyl rectal suppository can reduce infective complications postprostate biopsy. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study done at the urology unit of a tertiary hospital over 12 months. A sample size of 56 was determined using Fisher's formula. Both groups had tablets of ciprofloxacin 500 mg and metronidazole 400 mg at induction of anaesthesia and continued for three days postbiopsy at a dose of 500 mg twice daily and 400 mg thrice daily, respectively. In addition to antibiotics, those in Group 1 had 20 mg of bisacodyl (Dulcolax) suppositories given at night, starting two days before the procedure. The patients underwent digitally guided 10-core transrectal prostate biopsy on an outpatient basis. Blood and urine samples were taken for full blood count and urine culture, respectively, before surgery and three days after the biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 21.0. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age was 69.64 ± 9.31 with a range of 52–90 years. The peak age distribution was 70–79. In Group 1, two patients had urosepsis, one patient had urinary tract infection (UTI), and seven patients had bacteriuria, while in Group 2, four patients had urosepsis, four patients had UTI, and ten patients had bacteriuria. Conclusions: The addition of bisacodyl rectal suppository to antibiotics reduced the frequency of infective complications following prostate biopsy. The observed difference, however, was not statistically significant.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Bisacodyl Suppository Plus Antibiotics versus Antibiotics Alone in the Prevention of Postprostate Biopsy Infection","authors":"Odo Chinonso, A. Obi, T. Mbaeri, A. Obiesie, Ulebe Obasi, J. Okeke, Joseph Abiahu, Alexander Ekwunife Nwofor","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_62_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_62_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine whether bisacodyl rectal suppository can reduce infective complications postprostate biopsy. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study done at the urology unit of a tertiary hospital over 12 months. A sample size of 56 was determined using Fisher's formula. Both groups had tablets of ciprofloxacin 500 mg and metronidazole 400 mg at induction of anaesthesia and continued for three days postbiopsy at a dose of 500 mg twice daily and 400 mg thrice daily, respectively. In addition to antibiotics, those in Group 1 had 20 mg of bisacodyl (Dulcolax) suppositories given at night, starting two days before the procedure. The patients underwent digitally guided 10-core transrectal prostate biopsy on an outpatient basis. Blood and urine samples were taken for full blood count and urine culture, respectively, before surgery and three days after the biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 21.0. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age was 69.64 ± 9.31 with a range of 52–90 years. The peak age distribution was 70–79. In Group 1, two patients had urosepsis, one patient had urinary tract infection (UTI), and seven patients had bacteriuria, while in Group 2, four patients had urosepsis, four patients had UTI, and ten patients had bacteriuria. Conclusions: The addition of bisacodyl rectal suppository to antibiotics reduced the frequency of infective complications following prostate biopsy. The observed difference, however, was not statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"374 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48787455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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