I. Garzali, M. Alhuniti, Ramadan Hassanat, Yousef Alsardia, Ali Aloun
Gallstone disease was considered a rare disease in West African subregion, however with increasing urbanisation and lifestyle change, the incidence of the disease is rising. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment for gall stone disease. Initially, laparoscopic cholecystectomy required inpatient care after surgery, but for the past 30 years, there is a shift toward performing the procedure as a daycase. Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy was first reported in early 1990s, but in most countries of West Africa, cholecystectomy is still an inpatient procedure and this has been an additional strain to the health-care community as the number of personnel needed for postoperative care can be directed toward the care of other patients if the surgery is performed as a daycase. It has also been reported that increased use of day surgery would reduce waiting times and reduce last minute cancellations by the hospital. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy was added to the basket of day-case procedures in the early 1990s, initial progress was slow because the procedure was not widely accepted as suitable for day case surgery. In sub-Saharan Africa, only Sudan, Nigeria, Tanzania, and South Africa have reported attempts at day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy with good outcome.
{"title":"Feasibility of Day-Case laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A narrative review","authors":"I. Garzali, M. Alhuniti, Ramadan Hassanat, Yousef Alsardia, Ali Aloun","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_69_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_69_22","url":null,"abstract":"Gallstone disease was considered a rare disease in West African subregion, however with increasing urbanisation and lifestyle change, the incidence of the disease is rising. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment for gall stone disease. Initially, laparoscopic cholecystectomy required inpatient care after surgery, but for the past 30 years, there is a shift toward performing the procedure as a daycase. Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy was first reported in early 1990s, but in most countries of West Africa, cholecystectomy is still an inpatient procedure and this has been an additional strain to the health-care community as the number of personnel needed for postoperative care can be directed toward the care of other patients if the surgery is performed as a daycase. It has also been reported that increased use of day surgery would reduce waiting times and reduce last minute cancellations by the hospital. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy was added to the basket of day-case procedures in the early 1990s, initial progress was slow because the procedure was not widely accepted as suitable for day case surgery. In sub-Saharan Africa, only Sudan, Nigeria, Tanzania, and South Africa have reported attempts at day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy with good outcome.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42929529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Edegbe, J. Uzoigwe, C. Ndukwe, Anayo Nwachukwu, N. Ugwu, O. Nnachi, U.N. Agada, U. Nnadozie
Background: There is a rise in the trend of benign breast diseases (BBDs) currently; this is made possible through public awareness of the disease. Aim: To determine the pattern of BBDs in a 5-year retrospective study was the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective study and all histopathologically proven BBDs from January 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed. Software, version 21 of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Results: Cases of BBDs diagnosed within the study period were 143 and were made up of 5 (3.5%) males and 138 (96.5%) females, with a ratio of 1: 28. Among the females, the most commonly affected age group was 21–30 years contributing 57.8% (80/138), followed by ≤20 years contributing 36.2% (50/138). Among males ≤20 years of age group are mostly affected and contributing 60% (3/5). Fibroadenoma accounted for 62.9% (90/143), followed by fibrocystic disease (FCD) contributing 16.8% (24/143). The less common breast diseases in this study were fat necrosis, lipoma, granulomatous mastitis, periductal mastitis, and cysticercosis accounting for 0.7% each. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma remains the most common BBD although higher than in the earlier study, followed by FCD in our centre. Females constituted most of the affected individuals (21–30 years). The practice of breast self-examination should be encouraged to detect and treat lumps which may be malignant early enough to reduce morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Pattern of benign breast diseases in Abakaliki, South Eastern Nigeria, A 5 year retrospective study","authors":"F. Edegbe, J. Uzoigwe, C. Ndukwe, Anayo Nwachukwu, N. Ugwu, O. Nnachi, U.N. Agada, U. Nnadozie","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_60_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_60_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a rise in the trend of benign breast diseases (BBDs) currently; this is made possible through public awareness of the disease. Aim: To determine the pattern of BBDs in a 5-year retrospective study was the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective study and all histopathologically proven BBDs from January 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed. Software, version 21 of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Results: Cases of BBDs diagnosed within the study period were 143 and were made up of 5 (3.5%) males and 138 (96.5%) females, with a ratio of 1: 28. Among the females, the most commonly affected age group was 21–30 years contributing 57.8% (80/138), followed by ≤20 years contributing 36.2% (50/138). Among males ≤20 years of age group are mostly affected and contributing 60% (3/5). Fibroadenoma accounted for 62.9% (90/143), followed by fibrocystic disease (FCD) contributing 16.8% (24/143). The less common breast diseases in this study were fat necrosis, lipoma, granulomatous mastitis, periductal mastitis, and cysticercosis accounting for 0.7% each. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma remains the most common BBD although higher than in the earlier study, followed by FCD in our centre. Females constituted most of the affected individuals (21–30 years). The practice of breast self-examination should be encouraged to detect and treat lumps which may be malignant early enough to reduce morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdekunleAdedapo Abiodun, JoyAnastasia Abiodun, AdewaleE Eletta, A. Gomna, AdedejiO Adekanye, Yemisi Okunoye-M, BSuleiman Abdullahi, S. Okinbaloye, Taofeeq Abdulrahman, A. Yusuf, B. Rotimi
Background: Breast cancer is a global burden and has become a major public health concern. Early diagnosis through screening is the best way to achieve cure, reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. Many of the women in this environment have little or no knowledge about breast cancer and the attitude and orientation of health-care professional are important determinants of the use of breast screening program. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among female nurses in the Bida, Niger state. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional conducted among female nurses in Federal Medical Centre, Bida, between May and August 2021. The questionnaire contained 20 questions on the knowledge of breast cancer. Each correct answer had a score of 1 and 0 for an incorrect answer or “don't know.” The overall score was calculated for each respondent by summing up the symptom and risk score. It was graded as 0–9 = Poor and 10–20 = Good. Data collected were analyzed by computer analysis using the SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 150 female nurses participated in the study with mean age of 41.7 ± 8.1 years. Overall assessment of the respondent's knowledge of breast cancer revealed that 112 (74.7%) of them had good knowledge and 38 (25.3%) had poor knowledge. Only 59 (38.3%) practice breast self-examination monthly. Concerning clinical breast examination, 22 (14.7%) of them have had their breast examined before by a health professional while 12 (8%) of the participants had done mammography before. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that the knowledge of breast cancer among female nurses was good but it has not really translated into practices of the preventive measures for early detection of breast cancer.
{"title":"Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices among female nurses in a tertiary hospital in North Central, Nigeria","authors":"AdekunleAdedapo Abiodun, JoyAnastasia Abiodun, AdewaleE Eletta, A. Gomna, AdedejiO Adekanye, Yemisi Okunoye-M, BSuleiman Abdullahi, S. Okinbaloye, Taofeeq Abdulrahman, A. Yusuf, B. Rotimi","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_80_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_80_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is a global burden and has become a major public health concern. Early diagnosis through screening is the best way to achieve cure, reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. Many of the women in this environment have little or no knowledge about breast cancer and the attitude and orientation of health-care professional are important determinants of the use of breast screening program. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among female nurses in the Bida, Niger state. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional conducted among female nurses in Federal Medical Centre, Bida, between May and August 2021. The questionnaire contained 20 questions on the knowledge of breast cancer. Each correct answer had a score of 1 and 0 for an incorrect answer or “don't know.” The overall score was calculated for each respondent by summing up the symptom and risk score. It was graded as 0–9 = Poor and 10–20 = Good. Data collected were analyzed by computer analysis using the SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 150 female nurses participated in the study with mean age of 41.7 ± 8.1 years. Overall assessment of the respondent's knowledge of breast cancer revealed that 112 (74.7%) of them had good knowledge and 38 (25.3%) had poor knowledge. Only 59 (38.3%) practice breast self-examination monthly. Concerning clinical breast examination, 22 (14.7%) of them have had their breast examined before by a health professional while 12 (8%) of the participants had done mammography before. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that the knowledge of breast cancer among female nurses was good but it has not really translated into practices of the preventive measures for early detection of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47953948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Tagbo, A. Bisi-Onyemaechi, C. Chukwubike, E. Okafor
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with unprecedented morbidity and mortality globally. This has resulted in the development of prevention protocols aimed at controlling the viral pandemic. Vaccine development and vaccination were also initiated to achieve herd immunity against the virus. High vaccine confidence levels are required to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase the uptake of the COVID vaccines and successful control of the pandemic. Aim: The researchers in this study set out to investigate COVID-19 experiences and public confidence in COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A survey using both online and hard copy validated questionnaires was carried out among 431 consenting research participants in 6 countries across 3 continents (Africa, North America, and Europe). Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Fifty (11.6%) of the participants had COVID-like symptoms in the last one year though only one-fifth (10, 20%) of these were tested. Hydroxychloroquine was taken by 72 (16.7%) in the past 12 months. Two hundred and sixty-five (65.5%) expressed willingness to take the COVID vaccine. Recommendations by health workers and departments were significantly associated with vaccine confidence and uptake. More than half (249, 57.8%) of the participants acknowledged the presence of rumors against the vaccine. Suggestions to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence include: vaccines should be available in all testing centres; government should address other welfare issues first before vaccination and increased efforts toward confidence-building on the vaccine. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants were positively disposed to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine however the presence of rumors concerning the vaccine still poses a significant threat to COVID-vaccine confidence.
背景:在全球范围内，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型的发病率和死亡率前所未有。这导致制定了旨在控制病毒大流行的预防规程。还开始研制疫苗和接种疫苗，以实现对该病毒的群体免疫。要减轻疫苗犹豫，增加COVID - 19疫苗的吸收，并成功控制大流行，就需要提高疫苗置信度。目的:本研究旨在调查COVID-19疫苗接种的经验和公众信心。材料和方法:在3大洲(非洲、北美和欧洲)6个国家的431名同意研究的参与者中进行了一项使用在线和纸质有效问卷的调查。使用SPSS version 23对结果进行分析。结果:50名(11.6%)的参与者在过去一年中出现了类似冠状病毒的症状，尽管其中只有五分之一(10.20%)进行了测试。近12个月服用羟氯喹72例(16.7%)。265人(65.5%)表示愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗。卫生工作者和部门的建议与疫苗的信心和吸收显著相关。超过一半(249,57.8%)的参与者承认存在反对疫苗的谣言。提高COVID-19疫苗信心的建议包括:所有检测中心都应提供疫苗;在接种疫苗之前，政府应首先解决其他福利问题，并加大努力建立对疫苗的信任。结论:大多数研究参与者积极倾向于接受COVID-19疫苗，但有关疫苗的谣言仍然对COVID-19疫苗的信心构成重大威胁。
{"title":"COVID-19 experiences and vaccine confidence among health workers and non-health workers","authors":"B. Tagbo, A. Bisi-Onyemaechi, C. Chukwubike, E. Okafor","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_66_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_66_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with unprecedented morbidity and mortality globally. This has resulted in the development of prevention protocols aimed at controlling the viral pandemic. Vaccine development and vaccination were also initiated to achieve herd immunity against the virus. High vaccine confidence levels are required to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase the uptake of the COVID vaccines and successful control of the pandemic. Aim: The researchers in this study set out to investigate COVID-19 experiences and public confidence in COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A survey using both online and hard copy validated questionnaires was carried out among 431 consenting research participants in 6 countries across 3 continents (Africa, North America, and Europe). Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Fifty (11.6%) of the participants had COVID-like symptoms in the last one year though only one-fifth (10, 20%) of these were tested. Hydroxychloroquine was taken by 72 (16.7%) in the past 12 months. Two hundred and sixty-five (65.5%) expressed willingness to take the COVID vaccine. Recommendations by health workers and departments were significantly associated with vaccine confidence and uptake. More than half (249, 57.8%) of the participants acknowledged the presence of rumors against the vaccine. Suggestions to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence include: vaccines should be available in all testing centres; government should address other welfare issues first before vaccination and increased efforts toward confidence-building on the vaccine. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants were positively disposed to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine however the presence of rumors concerning the vaccine still poses a significant threat to COVID-vaccine confidence.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48066578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Buowari, A. Jimoh, Ogechukwu Isokariari, Mary Agoyi, O. Emeagui, N. Emeribe, Evonemo Esievoadje, C. Odimegwu, V. Ogbonna
Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a crisis in healthcare systems worldwide. Doctors are on the frontline in the fight against this war. The frontline workers are putting in all their efforts and skills to caring for patients who have contracted this novel contagious virus. The mental well-being of doctors is important. The SARS-CoV-2 has become a nosocomial infection and occupational hazard to healthcare workers. Aim: The aim is to investigate the mental well-being of doctors' practicing in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is part of a larger study. It is a cross-sectional survey carried out among doctors in Nigeria. Two questionnaires were adapted and used for this which included the World Health Organisation (WHO-5) well-being index, a validated and reliable short questionnaire on mental well-being. Participants in the study were recruited online. The research populations are doctors and dentists working in Nigeria. Results: The participants were 302 comprising 195 (64.6%) women doctors. The mean WHO well-being index for women was 69.90 ± 18.81, t = 3.295; P = 0.001 which was statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis of predictors of WHO well-being among medical doctors amidst the COVID-19 pandemic for the female gender coefficient = −4.384; P = 0.048. The female gender was a predictor of poor well-being. Conclusion: The mental well-being of doctors is very important. Female doctors had significantly lower mental well-being compared to their male counterparts. Physicians should have access to psychological support from their employers regularly.
{"title":"The mental well-being of physicians in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"D. Buowari, A. Jimoh, Ogechukwu Isokariari, Mary Agoyi, O. Emeagui, N. Emeribe, Evonemo Esievoadje, C. Odimegwu, V. Ogbonna","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_52_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_52_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a crisis in healthcare systems worldwide. Doctors are on the frontline in the fight against this war. The frontline workers are putting in all their efforts and skills to caring for patients who have contracted this novel contagious virus. The mental well-being of doctors is important. The SARS-CoV-2 has become a nosocomial infection and occupational hazard to healthcare workers. Aim: The aim is to investigate the mental well-being of doctors' practicing in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is part of a larger study. It is a cross-sectional survey carried out among doctors in Nigeria. Two questionnaires were adapted and used for this which included the World Health Organisation (WHO-5) well-being index, a validated and reliable short questionnaire on mental well-being. Participants in the study were recruited online. The research populations are doctors and dentists working in Nigeria. Results: The participants were 302 comprising 195 (64.6%) women doctors. The mean WHO well-being index for women was 69.90 ± 18.81, t = 3.295; P = 0.001 which was statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis of predictors of WHO well-being among medical doctors amidst the COVID-19 pandemic for the female gender coefficient = −4.384; P = 0.048. The female gender was a predictor of poor well-being. Conclusion: The mental well-being of doctors is very important. Female doctors had significantly lower mental well-being compared to their male counterparts. Physicians should have access to psychological support from their employers regularly.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49122070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bisi-Onyemaechi, U. Chikani, Pascal U. Chime, N. Mbanefo, Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam, N. Uwaezuoke
Background: Child labour deprives children of their childhood, their potential, and their dignity and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and adverse effects associated with child labour in Enugu, Nigeria. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an in-depth interviewer-administered questionnaire guide on child labour and adverse effects among children aged 6 to <18 years. Results: The most common labour was hawking (39.2%) and shopkeeping (22.8%). Majority of the children work to support their families. Adverse conditions experienced by the participants include prolonged work hours (100%), assault (15.8%), hunger (15.2%), sexual abuse (14.6%), and accidents (9.9%). Children aged 6–12 years were at a higher risk of sexual abuse (P = 0.005, odds ratio = 2.463, 95% confidence interval = 1.311–4.630). Conclusion: Children in Enugu are still involved in the various forms of child labour which have detrimental effects on their well-being.
{"title":"Toward eradication of child labour: Assessment of the present situation in a Nigerian City","authors":"A. Bisi-Onyemaechi, U. Chikani, Pascal U. Chime, N. Mbanefo, Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam, N. Uwaezuoke","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_67_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_67_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Child labour deprives children of their childhood, their potential, and their dignity and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and adverse effects associated with child labour in Enugu, Nigeria. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an in-depth interviewer-administered questionnaire guide on child labour and adverse effects among children aged 6 to <18 years. Results: The most common labour was hawking (39.2%) and shopkeeping (22.8%). Majority of the children work to support their families. Adverse conditions experienced by the participants include prolonged work hours (100%), assault (15.8%), hunger (15.2%), sexual abuse (14.6%), and accidents (9.9%). Children aged 6–12 years were at a higher risk of sexual abuse (P = 0.005, odds ratio = 2.463, 95% confidence interval = 1.311–4.630). Conclusion: Children in Enugu are still involved in the various forms of child labour which have detrimental effects on their well-being.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46394486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Nkanga, S. Okonkwo, E. Ezeh, C. Agweye, A. Ibanga, D. Nkanga
Background: Paediatric cataracts is a leading cause of treatable blindness and a major cause of blindness in developing nations. Aim: To present an audit of paediatric cataract and paediatric cataract surgery in a Tertiary Eye Care facility in the South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria during the Seeing is Believing Project intervention. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of case notes of children who received surgical and adjunctive treatment for cataracts in the Calabar Children's Eye Centre during the 24-month study period from November 1, 2017, to October 31, 2019, was undertaken. Results: Of the 128 children who met the inclusion criteria, 73 (57.0%) were males and 55 (43.0%) were females, giving a male: female ratio of 1.3:1.0. The mean age of patients in years was 5.9 ± 4.1 years, median/interquartile range was 5.0/5. The most frequent diagnosis was bilateral cataracts affecting 80 (62.5%) children. Systemic comorbidities were found in 13/128 (10.2%), of which 7/13 (53.8%) were congenital rubella syndrome. Ocular comorbidities (40.6%) were more common than systemic comorbidities, and sensory esotropia presented most frequently (16.4%). More patients with congenital cataracts had ocular comorbidities, and this association was statistically significant, P < 0.001. The proportion of patients with good visual outcomes was highest among those with bilateral cataracts (64.8%), and ocular comorbidities were a significant negative predictor of best corrected postoperative visual acuity. A total of 94/128 (73.4%) patients received intraocular lens implants, and the most common postoperative complications were visual axis opacification (VAO) 37/69 (53.6%) and fibrinous uveitis 26/69 (37.7). Conclusion: Paediatric cataracts were often bilateral and congenital. Postoperative complications like VAO are common and can be detected early and treated to improve visual outcomes with good follow-up strategies.
{"title":"Paediatric cataracts in a tertiary eye centre in South-South Nigeria: An initial audit of surgical outcome","authors":"E. Nkanga, S. Okonkwo, E. Ezeh, C. Agweye, A. Ibanga, D. Nkanga","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_40_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paediatric cataracts is a leading cause of treatable blindness and a major cause of blindness in developing nations. Aim: To present an audit of paediatric cataract and paediatric cataract surgery in a Tertiary Eye Care facility in the South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria during the Seeing is Believing Project intervention. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of case notes of children who received surgical and adjunctive treatment for cataracts in the Calabar Children's Eye Centre during the 24-month study period from November 1, 2017, to October 31, 2019, was undertaken. Results: Of the 128 children who met the inclusion criteria, 73 (57.0%) were males and 55 (43.0%) were females, giving a male: female ratio of 1.3:1.0. The mean age of patients in years was 5.9 ± 4.1 years, median/interquartile range was 5.0/5. The most frequent diagnosis was bilateral cataracts affecting 80 (62.5%) children. Systemic comorbidities were found in 13/128 (10.2%), of which 7/13 (53.8%) were congenital rubella syndrome. Ocular comorbidities (40.6%) were more common than systemic comorbidities, and sensory esotropia presented most frequently (16.4%). More patients with congenital cataracts had ocular comorbidities, and this association was statistically significant, P < 0.001. The proportion of patients with good visual outcomes was highest among those with bilateral cataracts (64.8%), and ocular comorbidities were a significant negative predictor of best corrected postoperative visual acuity. A total of 94/128 (73.4%) patients received intraocular lens implants, and the most common postoperative complications were visual axis opacification (VAO) 37/69 (53.6%) and fibrinous uveitis 26/69 (37.7). Conclusion: Paediatric cataracts were often bilateral and congenital. Postoperative complications like VAO are common and can be detected early and treated to improve visual outcomes with good follow-up strategies.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45163044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hepatitis B is a life-threatening viral infection that causes acute and chronic diseases of the liver. Hepatitis B infection is endemic in Nigeria with a national pooled prevalence rate of 9.5%. However, a safe and effective vaccine that offers the protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is available. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine and the associated factors for the uptake of the vaccine among non medical undergraduate in a Private University in Ekiti State. Materials and Methods: This survey is a cross-sectional study involving 420 nonmedical undergraduate students of a private university in Ekiti State, Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured pretested self-administered questionnaire between March and May 2019. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23, and the level of significance was taken as P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 20.3 ± 2.7 years. Almost half of the students (47.4%) were within the age range of 15–19 years. Females constitute 51.4% of the respondents and mostly practiced Christianity (77.4%). The majority of respondents had good knowledge of HBV vaccine (77.6%). Just a little over a quarter (26. 9%) of the respondents have taken one or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine. There was a statistically significant association between respondents' age (P = 0.032), the college of study (P = 0.006), and good knowledge of HBV vaccine (P < 0.001) and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine. The factors associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccine include older age group (25–29 years), studentship in the college of science, and good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. Associated factors identified for uptake of hepatitis B vaccine include age (25–29) years, studentship in faculty of science, and good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. It is recommended that health education about hepatitis B and its vaccine should be offered to undergraduates to increase the uptake of hepatitis B vaccine.
{"title":"Knowledge and associated factors for the uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among nonmedical undergraduate students in a private university in Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Elegbede, A. Alabi, T. Alao, T. Sanni","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_48_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_48_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B is a life-threatening viral infection that causes acute and chronic diseases of the liver. Hepatitis B infection is endemic in Nigeria with a national pooled prevalence rate of 9.5%. However, a safe and effective vaccine that offers the protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is available. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine and the associated factors for the uptake of the vaccine among non medical undergraduate in a Private University in Ekiti State. Materials and Methods: This survey is a cross-sectional study involving 420 nonmedical undergraduate students of a private university in Ekiti State, Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured pretested self-administered questionnaire between March and May 2019. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23, and the level of significance was taken as P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 20.3 ± 2.7 years. Almost half of the students (47.4%) were within the age range of 15–19 years. Females constitute 51.4% of the respondents and mostly practiced Christianity (77.4%). The majority of respondents had good knowledge of HBV vaccine (77.6%). Just a little over a quarter (26. 9%) of the respondents have taken one or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine. There was a statistically significant association between respondents' age (P = 0.032), the college of study (P = 0.006), and good knowledge of HBV vaccine (P < 0.001) and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine. The factors associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccine include older age group (25–29 years), studentship in the college of science, and good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. Associated factors identified for uptake of hepatitis B vaccine include age (25–29) years, studentship in faculty of science, and good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. It is recommended that health education about hepatitis B and its vaccine should be offered to undergraduates to increase the uptake of hepatitis B vaccine.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47077977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Akujobi, Chinenye Okwesilieze, I. Aghanya, S. Ukibe, A. Okoro, S. Ushie, N. Maduekwe
Background: Tribe Proteeae consisting of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella species are critical opportunistic pathogens causing various health care-associated infections. Widespread extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activities have been reported among members of these groups of organisms. Aim: This study aimed to detect ESBL genes in clinical isolates of these bacteria from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixteen Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients receiving care in NAUTH were identified using the Microbact 12A Gram-negative bacilli identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on the isolates using antibiotics of various classes. The isolates resistant to any third-generation cephalosporins were screened for ESBL activity using the combination disc test. The presence of cefotaximase (CTX), oxacillinases (OXA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of the 216 Gram-negative isolates, 12 (5.6%) were Proteus spp., 3 (1.4%) were Morganella spp., and 8 (3.7%) were Providencia spp. The prevalence of the Proteeae bacteria was 23/216 (10.6%). Of the 23 Proteeae bacteria, 5 (21.7%) were confirmed phenotypically as ESBL producers, while 3 (13%) expressed the actual ESBL genes. CTX, OXA, and TEM genes were detected in all three isolates. Furthermore, 13% of the isolates exhibited carbapenem resistance. Conclusion: The results confirmed that ESBL-producing Proteeae bacteria existed in NAUTH. The incidental detection of carbapenem resistance among the Proteeae isolates whispers terror in waiting because carbapenems are last-resort antibiotics for managing life-threatening ESBL infections. This worrisome development highlights the need to improve infection control practices in Nigerian tertiary hospitals drastically.
{"title":"Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in members of the Proteeae tribe isolated from a tertiary hospital in Southeast, Nigeria","authors":"C. Akujobi, Chinenye Okwesilieze, I. Aghanya, S. Ukibe, A. Okoro, S. Ushie, N. Maduekwe","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_39_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tribe Proteeae consisting of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella species are critical opportunistic pathogens causing various health care-associated infections. Widespread extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activities have been reported among members of these groups of organisms. Aim: This study aimed to detect ESBL genes in clinical isolates of these bacteria from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixteen Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients receiving care in NAUTH were identified using the Microbact 12A Gram-negative bacilli identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on the isolates using antibiotics of various classes. The isolates resistant to any third-generation cephalosporins were screened for ESBL activity using the combination disc test. The presence of cefotaximase (CTX), oxacillinases (OXA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of the 216 Gram-negative isolates, 12 (5.6%) were Proteus spp., 3 (1.4%) were Morganella spp., and 8 (3.7%) were Providencia spp. The prevalence of the Proteeae bacteria was 23/216 (10.6%). Of the 23 Proteeae bacteria, 5 (21.7%) were confirmed phenotypically as ESBL producers, while 3 (13%) expressed the actual ESBL genes. CTX, OXA, and TEM genes were detected in all three isolates. Furthermore, 13% of the isolates exhibited carbapenem resistance. Conclusion: The results confirmed that ESBL-producing Proteeae bacteria existed in NAUTH. The incidental detection of carbapenem resistance among the Proteeae isolates whispers terror in waiting because carbapenems are last-resort antibiotics for managing life-threatening ESBL infections. This worrisome development highlights the need to improve infection control practices in Nigerian tertiary hospitals drastically.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44230007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Arts-based Interventions involve the use of aesthetic engagements, sensory activation, evocation of emotion and cognitive stimulation and involvement of the imagination, to promote wellbeing. This include a wide range of practices, from prehistoric traditions to the modern day evidence based usage of different forms of arts for therapeutic purposes. Despite the early recognition and proven efficacy of art-based interventions, an organized structure for integration of art into healthcare is lacking in Nigeria. Aim: This review aims to explore and describe the existing literature on the use of various art forms in the care of patients in health care institutions in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was done. MEDLINE, Embase, African Index Medicus and PsycINFO were searched using the following key words; art in medicine in Nigeria, art therapy in Nigeria and art in health in Nigeria. The search results were screened for articles using predefined criteria. A hand search for articles and communication with Arts in Medicine Project Nigeria were also done. The articles included in the review were read and summarized using a proforma. Result: Overall there is a sparseness of academic articles on the use and effectiveness of arts-based interventions in the management of patients in health care institutions in Nigeria. The most commonly applied art forms are music and visual arts.
背景：基于艺术的干预包括使用审美参与、感官激活、唤起情绪和认知刺激以及参与想象，以促进健康。这包括广泛的实践，从史前传统到现代基于证据的不同形式的艺术治疗用途。尽管基于艺术的干预措施得到了早期的认可并被证明是有效的，但尼日利亚缺乏将艺术融入医疗保健的有组织的结构。目的：本综述旨在探索和描述尼日利亚医疗机构在护理患者时使用各种艺术形式的现有文献。材料和方法：进行了范围审查。MEDLINE、Embase、African Index Medicus和PsycINFO使用以下关键词进行搜索；尼日利亚的医学艺术、尼日利亚的艺术治疗和尼日利亚的健康艺术。使用预定义的标准筛选搜索结果中的文章。还亲自搜索了文章，并与尼日利亚医学艺术项目进行了交流。审查中的文章采用形式表进行了阅读和总结。结果：总体而言，关于尼日利亚医疗机构患者管理中艺术干预措施的使用和有效性的学术文章很少。最常用的艺术形式是音乐和视觉艺术。
{"title":"The use of art-based interventions in the care of patients in health-care institutions in Nigeria: A review","authors":"E. Oladeji, C. Ezeme, A. Bamigbola","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_32_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_32_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Arts-based Interventions involve the use of aesthetic engagements, sensory activation, evocation of emotion and cognitive stimulation and involvement of the imagination, to promote wellbeing. This include a wide range of practices, from prehistoric traditions to the modern day evidence based usage of different forms of arts for therapeutic purposes. Despite the early recognition and proven efficacy of art-based interventions, an organized structure for integration of art into healthcare is lacking in Nigeria. Aim: This review aims to explore and describe the existing literature on the use of various art forms in the care of patients in health care institutions in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was done. MEDLINE, Embase, African Index Medicus and PsycINFO were searched using the following key words; art in medicine in Nigeria, art therapy in Nigeria and art in health in Nigeria. The search results were screened for articles using predefined criteria. A hand search for articles and communication with Arts in Medicine Project Nigeria were also done. The articles included in the review were read and summarized using a proforma. Result: Overall there is a sparseness of academic articles on the use and effectiveness of arts-based interventions in the management of patients in health care institutions in Nigeria. The most commonly applied art forms are music and visual arts.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48886637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：