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Feasibility of Day-Case laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A narrative review 一日腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性:一个叙述性的回顾
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJM.NJM_69_22
I. Garzali, M. Alhuniti, Ramadan Hassanat, Yousef Alsardia, Ali Aloun
Gallstone disease was considered a rare disease in West African subregion, however with increasing urbanisation and lifestyle change, the incidence of the disease is rising. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment for gall stone disease. Initially, laparoscopic cholecystectomy required inpatient care after surgery, but for the past 30 years, there is a shift toward performing the procedure as a daycase. Day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy was first reported in early 1990s, but in most countries of West Africa, cholecystectomy is still an inpatient procedure and this has been an additional strain to the health-care community as the number of personnel needed for postoperative care can be directed toward the care of other patients if the surgery is performed as a daycase. It has also been reported that increased use of day surgery would reduce waiting times and reduce last minute cancellations by the hospital. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy was added to the basket of day-case procedures in the early 1990s, initial progress was slow because the procedure was not widely accepted as suitable for day case surgery. In sub-Saharan Africa, only Sudan, Nigeria, Tanzania, and South Africa have reported attempts at day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy with good outcome.
胆结石病在西非次区域被认为是一种罕见疾病,但随着城市化和生活方式的改变,该疾病的发病率正在上升。腹腔镜胆囊切除术是治疗胆囊结石的最佳方法。最初,腹腔镜胆囊切除术需要术后住院治疗,但在过去的30年里,腹腔镜胆囊摘除术逐渐转向了日常手术。20世纪90年代初首次报道了日间病例腹腔镜胆囊切除术,但在西非的大多数国家,胆囊切除术仍然是一种住院手术,这对医疗保健界来说是一种额外的压力,因为如果将手术作为日间病例进行,术后护理所需的人员数量可能会直接用于其他患者的护理。据报道,增加日间手术的使用将减少等待时间,并减少医院在最后一刻取消手术的次数。尽管腹腔镜胆囊切除术在20世纪90年代初被添加到日常手术中,但最初的进展缓慢,因为该手术不被广泛接受为适合日常手术。在撒哈拉以南非洲,只有苏丹、尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚和南非报告了尝试日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术的良好结果。
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引用次数: 0
Pattern of benign breast diseases in Abakaliki, South Eastern Nigeria, A 5 year retrospective study 尼日利亚东南部阿巴卡利基地区乳腺良性疾病的发病模式:一项为期5年的回顾性研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJM.NJM_60_22
F. Edegbe, J. Uzoigwe, C. Ndukwe, Anayo Nwachukwu, N. Ugwu, O. Nnachi, U.N. Agada, U. Nnadozie
Background: There is a rise in the trend of benign breast diseases (BBDs) currently; this is made possible through public awareness of the disease. Aim: To determine the pattern of BBDs in a 5-year retrospective study was the aim of this study. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective study and all histopathologically proven BBDs from January 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed. Software, version 21 of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Results: Cases of BBDs diagnosed within the study period were 143 and were made up of 5 (3.5%) males and 138 (96.5%) females, with a ratio of 1: 28. Among the females, the most commonly affected age group was 21–30 years contributing 57.8% (80/138), followed by ≤20 years contributing 36.2% (50/138). Among males ≤20 years of age group are mostly affected and contributing 60% (3/5). Fibroadenoma accounted for 62.9% (90/143), followed by fibrocystic disease (FCD) contributing 16.8% (24/143). The less common breast diseases in this study were fat necrosis, lipoma, granulomatous mastitis, periductal mastitis, and cysticercosis accounting for 0.7% each. Conclusion: Fibroadenoma remains the most common BBD although higher than in the earlier study, followed by FCD in our centre. Females constituted most of the affected individuals (21–30 years). The practice of breast self-examination should be encouraged to detect and treat lumps which may be malignant early enough to reduce morbidity and mortality.
背景:目前乳腺良性疾病(BBDs)呈上升趋势;这是通过公众对这种疾病的认识而实现的。目的:通过一项为期5年的回顾性研究来确定bbd的模式是本研究的目的。材料和方法:对2015年1月至2020年12月期间所有经组织病理学证实的bbd进行5年回顾性研究。使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)第21版软件进行数据分析。结果:研究期间确诊的bbd 143例,其中男性5例(3.5%),女性138例(96.5%),比例为1:28。在女性中,21-30岁最常见,占57.8%(80/138),其次是≤20岁,占36.2%(50/138)。在≤20岁的男性中发病最多,占60%(3/5)。纤维腺瘤占62.9%(90/143),其次是纤维囊性疾病(FCD),占16.8%(24/143)。本研究中较少见的乳腺疾病为脂肪坏死、脂肪瘤、肉芽肿性乳腺炎、乳周炎和囊虫病,各占0.7%。结论:纤维腺瘤仍然是最常见的BBD,尽管高于早期的研究,其次是本中心的FCD。21 ~ 30岁患者以女性居多。应鼓励乳房自我检查,及早发现和治疗可能是恶性的肿块,以降低发病率和死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices among female nurses in a tertiary hospital in North Central, Nigeria 尼日利亚中北部一家三级医院女护士的乳腺癌症知识和筛查实践
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJM.NJM_80_22
AdekunleAdedapo Abiodun, JoyAnastasia Abiodun, AdewaleE Eletta, A. Gomna, AdedejiO Adekanye, Yemisi Okunoye-M, BSuleiman Abdullahi, S. Okinbaloye, Taofeeq Abdulrahman, A. Yusuf, B. Rotimi
Background: Breast cancer is a global burden and has become a major public health concern. Early diagnosis through screening is the best way to achieve cure, reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. Many of the women in this environment have little or no knowledge about breast cancer and the attitude and orientation of health-care professional are important determinants of the use of breast screening program. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among female nurses in the Bida, Niger state. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional conducted among female nurses in Federal Medical Centre, Bida, between May and August 2021. The questionnaire contained 20 questions on the knowledge of breast cancer. Each correct answer had a score of 1 and 0 for an incorrect answer or “don't know.” The overall score was calculated for each respondent by summing up the symptom and risk score. It was graded as 0–9 = Poor and 10–20 = Good. Data collected were analyzed by computer analysis using the SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 150 female nurses participated in the study with mean age of 41.7 ± 8.1 years. Overall assessment of the respondent's knowledge of breast cancer revealed that 112 (74.7%) of them had good knowledge and 38 (25.3%) had poor knowledge. Only 59 (38.3%) practice breast self-examination monthly. Concerning clinical breast examination, 22 (14.7%) of them have had their breast examined before by a health professional while 12 (8%) of the participants had done mammography before. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that the knowledge of breast cancer among female nurses was good but it has not really translated into practices of the preventive measures for early detection of breast cancer.
背景:乳腺癌是一个全球性的负担,已成为一个主要的公共卫生问题。通过筛查进行早期诊断是实现治愈、降低乳腺癌发病率和死亡率的最佳途径。在这种环境中,许多妇女对乳腺癌知之甚少或一无所知,保健专业人员的态度和取向是使用乳房筛查方案的重要决定因素。目的:该研究的目的是评估在比达,尼日尔州的女护士乳腺癌筛查的知识和实践。材料与方法:本研究是在2021年5月至8月期间在比达联邦医疗中心的女护士中进行的横断面研究。调查问卷包含20个关于乳腺癌知识的问题。每个正确答案的得分为1分,错误答案或“不知道”的得分为0分。总分是通过对每个被调查者的症状和风险评分的总和来计算的。0-9分为差,10-20分为好。收集的数据采用SPSS 25软件进行计算机分析。结果:共有150名女护士参与研究,平均年龄41.7±8.1岁。对被调查者乳腺癌知识的总体评估显示,112人(74.7%)了解良好,38人(25.3%)了解不佳。仅有59例(38.3%)每月进行乳房自我检查。关于临床乳房检查,其中22人(14.7%)曾接受过保健专业人员的乳房检查,12人(8%)曾接受过乳房x光检查。结论:我们的研究结果表明,女护士对乳腺癌的认识是好的,但并没有真正转化为早期发现乳腺癌的预防措施的实践。
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引用次数: 1
COVID-19 experiences and vaccine confidence among health workers and non-health workers 卫生工作者和非卫生工作者的新冠肺炎经历和疫苗信心
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJM.NJM_66_22
B. Tagbo, A. Bisi-Onyemaechi, C. Chukwubike, E. Okafor
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has been associated with unprecedented morbidity and mortality globally. This has resulted in the development of prevention protocols aimed at controlling the viral pandemic. Vaccine development and vaccination were also initiated to achieve herd immunity against the virus. High vaccine confidence levels are required to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and increase the uptake of the COVID vaccines and successful control of the pandemic. Aim: The researchers in this study set out to investigate COVID-19 experiences and public confidence in COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A survey using both online and hard copy validated questionnaires was carried out among 431 consenting research participants in 6 countries across 3 continents (Africa, North America, and Europe). Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Fifty (11.6%) of the participants had COVID-like symptoms in the last one year though only one-fifth (10, 20%) of these were tested. Hydroxychloroquine was taken by 72 (16.7%) in the past 12 months. Two hundred and sixty-five (65.5%) expressed willingness to take the COVID vaccine. Recommendations by health workers and departments were significantly associated with vaccine confidence and uptake. More than half (249, 57.8%) of the participants acknowledged the presence of rumors against the vaccine. Suggestions to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence include: vaccines should be available in all testing centres; government should address other welfare issues first before vaccination and increased efforts toward confidence-building on the vaccine. Conclusion: Majority of the study participants were positively disposed to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine however the presence of rumors concerning the vaccine still poses a significant threat to COVID-vaccine confidence.
背景:在全球范围内,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型的发病率和死亡率前所未有。这导致制定了旨在控制病毒大流行的预防规程。还开始研制疫苗和接种疫苗,以实现对该病毒的群体免疫。要减轻疫苗犹豫,增加COVID - 19疫苗的吸收,并成功控制大流行,就需要提高疫苗置信度。目的:本研究旨在调查COVID-19疫苗接种的经验和公众信心。材料和方法:在3大洲(非洲、北美和欧洲)6个国家的431名同意研究的参与者中进行了一项使用在线和纸质有效问卷的调查。使用SPSS version 23对结果进行分析。结果:50名(11.6%)的参与者在过去一年中出现了类似冠状病毒的症状,尽管其中只有五分之一(10.20%)进行了测试。近12个月服用羟氯喹72例(16.7%)。265人(65.5%)表示愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗。卫生工作者和部门的建议与疫苗的信心和吸收显著相关。超过一半(249,57.8%)的参与者承认存在反对疫苗的谣言。提高COVID-19疫苗信心的建议包括:所有检测中心都应提供疫苗;在接种疫苗之前,政府应首先解决其他福利问题,并加大努力建立对疫苗的信任。结论:大多数研究参与者积极倾向于接受COVID-19疫苗,但有关疫苗的谣言仍然对COVID-19疫苗的信心构成重大威胁。
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引用次数: 0
The mental well-being of physicians in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间尼日利亚医生的心理健康
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_52_22
D. Buowari, A. Jimoh, Ogechukwu Isokariari, Mary Agoyi, O. Emeagui, N. Emeribe, Evonemo Esievoadje, C. Odimegwu, V. Ogbonna
Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a crisis in healthcare systems worldwide. Doctors are on the frontline in the fight against this war. The frontline workers are putting in all their efforts and skills to caring for patients who have contracted this novel contagious virus. The mental well-being of doctors is important. The SARS-CoV-2 has become a nosocomial infection and occupational hazard to healthcare workers. Aim: The aim is to investigate the mental well-being of doctors' practicing in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is part of a larger study. It is a cross-sectional survey carried out among doctors in Nigeria. Two questionnaires were adapted and used for this which included the World Health Organisation (WHO-5) well-being index, a validated and reliable short questionnaire on mental well-being. Participants in the study were recruited online. The research populations are doctors and dentists working in Nigeria. Results: The participants were 302 comprising 195 (64.6%) women doctors. The mean WHO well-being index for women was 69.90 ± 18.81, t = 3.295; P = 0.001 which was statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis of predictors of WHO well-being among medical doctors amidst the COVID-19 pandemic for the female gender coefficient = −4.384; P = 0.048. The female gender was a predictor of poor well-being. Conclusion: The mental well-being of doctors is very important. Female doctors had significantly lower mental well-being compared to their male counterparts. Physicians should have access to psychological support from their employers regularly.
背景:2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)的病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)已在全球医疗系统引发危机。医生们站在抗击这场战争的前线。一线工作人员正在全力以赴,全力照顾感染这种新型传染性病毒的患者。医生的心理健康很重要。严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型已成为医护人员的医院感染和职业危害。目的:旨在调查新冠肺炎大流行期间在尼日利亚执业的医生的心理健康状况。材料和方法:这是一项更大规模研究的一部分。这是一项在尼日利亚医生中进行的横断面调查。为此调整并使用了两份问卷,其中包括世界卫生组织(WHO-5)的幸福指数,这是一份经验证且可靠的关于心理健康的简短问卷。该研究的参与者是在网上招募的。研究人群是在尼日利亚工作的医生和牙医。结果:参与者共302人,其中女医生195人(64.6%)。世界卫生组织妇女平均幸福指数为69.90±18.81,t=3.295;P=0.001,具有统计学意义。新冠肺炎大流行期间世界卫生组织医生健康预测因素的多元回归分析,女性系数=−4.384;P=0.048。女性是幸福感不佳的预测因素。结论:医生的心理健康是非常重要的。女性医生的心理健康状况明显低于男性医生。医生应该定期获得雇主的心理支持。
{"title":"The mental well-being of physicians in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"D. Buowari, A. Jimoh, Ogechukwu Isokariari, Mary Agoyi, O. Emeagui, N. Emeribe, Evonemo Esievoadje, C. Odimegwu, V. Ogbonna","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_52_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_52_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a crisis in healthcare systems worldwide. Doctors are on the frontline in the fight against this war. The frontline workers are putting in all their efforts and skills to caring for patients who have contracted this novel contagious virus. The mental well-being of doctors is important. The SARS-CoV-2 has become a nosocomial infection and occupational hazard to healthcare workers. Aim: The aim is to investigate the mental well-being of doctors' practicing in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is part of a larger study. It is a cross-sectional survey carried out among doctors in Nigeria. Two questionnaires were adapted and used for this which included the World Health Organisation (WHO-5) well-being index, a validated and reliable short questionnaire on mental well-being. Participants in the study were recruited online. The research populations are doctors and dentists working in Nigeria. Results: The participants were 302 comprising 195 (64.6%) women doctors. The mean WHO well-being index for women was 69.90 ± 18.81, t = 3.295; P = 0.001 which was statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis of predictors of WHO well-being among medical doctors amidst the COVID-19 pandemic for the female gender coefficient = −4.384; P = 0.048. The female gender was a predictor of poor well-being. Conclusion: The mental well-being of doctors is very important. Female doctors had significantly lower mental well-being compared to their male counterparts. Physicians should have access to psychological support from their employers regularly.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49122070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward eradication of child labour: Assessment of the present situation in a Nigerian City 消除童工现象:对尼日利亚城市现状的评估
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJM.NJM_67_22
A. Bisi-Onyemaechi, U. Chikani, Pascal U. Chime, N. Mbanefo, Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam, N. Uwaezuoke
Background: Child labour deprives children of their childhood, their potential, and their dignity and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and adverse effects associated with child labour in Enugu, Nigeria. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an in-depth interviewer-administered questionnaire guide on child labour and adverse effects among children aged 6 to <18 years. Results: The most common labour was hawking (39.2%) and shopkeeping (22.8%). Majority of the children work to support their families. Adverse conditions experienced by the participants include prolonged work hours (100%), assault (15.8%), hunger (15.2%), sexual abuse (14.6%), and accidents (9.9%). Children aged 6–12 years were at a higher risk of sexual abuse (P = 0.005, odds ratio = 2.463, 95% confidence interval = 1.311–4.630). Conclusion: Children in Enugu are still involved in the various forms of child labour which have detrimental effects on their well-being.
背景:童工剥夺了儿童的童年、潜力和尊严,对他们的身心发展有害。目的:本研究的目的是确定尼日利亚埃努古与童工相关的模式和不良影响。患者、材料和方法:这是一项横断面研究,使用了一份由访谈者管理的关于6岁至18岁以下儿童童工和不良反应的深入问卷指南。结果:最常见的劳动力是小贩(39.2%)和店主(22.8%)。大多数儿童工作养家。参与者经历的不良状况包括工作时间延长(100%)、攻击(15.8%)、饥饿(15.2%)、性虐待(14.6%)、,和事故(9.9%)。6-12岁的儿童遭受性虐待的风险更高(P=0.005,比值比=2.463,95%置信区间=1.311-4.630)。结论:埃努古的儿童仍然参与各种形式的童工劳动,这对他们的健康产生了不利影响。
{"title":"Toward eradication of child labour: Assessment of the present situation in a Nigerian City","authors":"A. Bisi-Onyemaechi, U. Chikani, Pascal U. Chime, N. Mbanefo, Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam, N. Uwaezuoke","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_67_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_67_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Child labour deprives children of their childhood, their potential, and their dignity and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and adverse effects associated with child labour in Enugu, Nigeria. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an in-depth interviewer-administered questionnaire guide on child labour and adverse effects among children aged 6 to <18 years. Results: The most common labour was hawking (39.2%) and shopkeeping (22.8%). Majority of the children work to support their families. Adverse conditions experienced by the participants include prolonged work hours (100%), assault (15.8%), hunger (15.2%), sexual abuse (14.6%), and accidents (9.9%). Children aged 6–12 years were at a higher risk of sexual abuse (P = 0.005, odds ratio = 2.463, 95% confidence interval = 1.311–4.630). Conclusion: Children in Enugu are still involved in the various forms of child labour which have detrimental effects on their well-being.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46394486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paediatric cataracts in a tertiary eye centre in South-South Nigeria: An initial audit of surgical outcome 尼日利亚南部一家三级眼科中心的儿童白内障:手术结果的初步审计
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJM.NJM_40_22
E. Nkanga, S. Okonkwo, E. Ezeh, C. Agweye, A. Ibanga, D. Nkanga
Background: Paediatric cataracts is a leading cause of treatable blindness and a major cause of blindness in developing nations. Aim: To present an audit of paediatric cataract and paediatric cataract surgery in a Tertiary Eye Care facility in the South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria during the Seeing is Believing Project intervention. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of case notes of children who received surgical and adjunctive treatment for cataracts in the Calabar Children's Eye Centre during the 24-month study period from November 1, 2017, to October 31, 2019, was undertaken. Results: Of the 128 children who met the inclusion criteria, 73 (57.0%) were males and 55 (43.0%) were females, giving a male: female ratio of 1.3:1.0. The mean age of patients in years was 5.9 ± 4.1 years, median/interquartile range was 5.0/5. The most frequent diagnosis was bilateral cataracts affecting 80 (62.5%) children. Systemic comorbidities were found in 13/128 (10.2%), of which 7/13 (53.8%) were congenital rubella syndrome. Ocular comorbidities (40.6%) were more common than systemic comorbidities, and sensory esotropia presented most frequently (16.4%). More patients with congenital cataracts had ocular comorbidities, and this association was statistically significant, P < 0.001. The proportion of patients with good visual outcomes was highest among those with bilateral cataracts (64.8%), and ocular comorbidities were a significant negative predictor of best corrected postoperative visual acuity. A total of 94/128 (73.4%) patients received intraocular lens implants, and the most common postoperative complications were visual axis opacification (VAO) 37/69 (53.6%) and fibrinous uveitis 26/69 (37.7). Conclusion: Paediatric cataracts were often bilateral and congenital. Postoperative complications like VAO are common and can be detected early and treated to improve visual outcomes with good follow-up strategies.
背景:儿童白内障是可治疗失明的主要原因,也是发展中国家失明的主要病因。目的:对尼日利亚南南地缘政治区一家三级眼科护理机构在“看到就是相信”项目干预期间的儿童白内障和儿童白内障手术进行审计。材料和方法:对2017年11月1日至2019年10月31日在卡拉巴尔儿童眼科中心接受白内障手术和辅助治疗的儿童的病例记录进行了回顾性研究。结果:在符合纳入标准的128名儿童中,73名(57.0%)为男性,55名(43.0%)为女性,男女比例为1.3:1.0。患者年平均年龄为5.9±4.1岁,中位数/四分位间距为5.0/5。最常见的诊断是双侧白内障,影响80名(62.5%)儿童。系统性合并症有13/128例(10.2%),其中7/13例(53.8%)为先天性风疹综合征。眼部合并症(40.6%)比全身性合并症更常见,感觉性内斜视最常见(16.4%)。更多的先天性白内障患者患有眼部合并症,这种相关性具有统计学意义,P<0.001。在双侧白内障患者中,视力良好的患者比例最高(64.8%),眼部合并症是术后最佳矫正视力的重要负面预测因素。共有94/128例(73.4%)患者接受了人工晶状体植入术,最常见的术后并发症是视轴混浊37/69(53.6%)和纤维蛋白性葡萄膜炎26/69(37.7%)。VAO等术后并发症很常见,可以及早发现并进行治疗,以通过良好的随访策略改善视觉效果。
{"title":"Paediatric cataracts in a tertiary eye centre in South-South Nigeria: An initial audit of surgical outcome","authors":"E. Nkanga, S. Okonkwo, E. Ezeh, C. Agweye, A. Ibanga, D. Nkanga","doi":"10.4103/NJM.NJM_40_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paediatric cataracts is a leading cause of treatable blindness and a major cause of blindness in developing nations. Aim: To present an audit of paediatric cataract and paediatric cataract surgery in a Tertiary Eye Care facility in the South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria during the Seeing is Believing Project intervention. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of case notes of children who received surgical and adjunctive treatment for cataracts in the Calabar Children's Eye Centre during the 24-month study period from November 1, 2017, to October 31, 2019, was undertaken. Results: Of the 128 children who met the inclusion criteria, 73 (57.0%) were males and 55 (43.0%) were females, giving a male: female ratio of 1.3:1.0. The mean age of patients in years was 5.9 ± 4.1 years, median/interquartile range was 5.0/5. The most frequent diagnosis was bilateral cataracts affecting 80 (62.5%) children. Systemic comorbidities were found in 13/128 (10.2%), of which 7/13 (53.8%) were congenital rubella syndrome. Ocular comorbidities (40.6%) were more common than systemic comorbidities, and sensory esotropia presented most frequently (16.4%). More patients with congenital cataracts had ocular comorbidities, and this association was statistically significant, P < 0.001. The proportion of patients with good visual outcomes was highest among those with bilateral cataracts (64.8%), and ocular comorbidities were a significant negative predictor of best corrected postoperative visual acuity. A total of 94/128 (73.4%) patients received intraocular lens implants, and the most common postoperative complications were visual axis opacification (VAO) 37/69 (53.6%) and fibrinous uveitis 26/69 (37.7). Conclusion: Paediatric cataracts were often bilateral and congenital. Postoperative complications like VAO are common and can be detected early and treated to improve visual outcomes with good follow-up strategies.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45163044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowledge and associated factors for the uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among nonmedical undergraduate students in a private university in Ekiti State, Nigeria 尼日利亚埃基蒂州一所私立大学非医学本科生接种乙型肝炎疫苗的知识及相关因素
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_48_22
O. Elegbede, A. Alabi, T. Alao, T. Sanni
Background: Hepatitis B is a life-threatening viral infection that causes acute and chronic diseases of the liver. Hepatitis B infection is endemic in Nigeria with a national pooled prevalence rate of 9.5%. However, a safe and effective vaccine that offers the protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is available. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine and the associated factors for the uptake of the vaccine among non medical undergraduate in a Private University in Ekiti State. Materials and Methods: This survey is a cross-sectional study involving 420 nonmedical undergraduate students of a private university in Ekiti State, Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured pretested self-administered questionnaire between March and May 2019. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23, and the level of significance was taken as P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 20.3 ± 2.7 years. Almost half of the students (47.4%) were within the age range of 15–19 years. Females constitute 51.4% of the respondents and mostly practiced Christianity (77.4%). The majority of respondents had good knowledge of HBV vaccine (77.6%). Just a little over a quarter (26. 9%) of the respondents have taken one or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine. There was a statistically significant association between respondents' age (P = 0.032), the college of study (P = 0.006), and good knowledge of HBV vaccine (P < 0.001) and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine. The factors associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccine include older age group (25–29 years), studentship in the college of science, and good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. Associated factors identified for uptake of hepatitis B vaccine include age (25–29) years, studentship in faculty of science, and good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. It is recommended that health education about hepatitis B and its vaccine should be offered to undergraduates to increase the uptake of hepatitis B vaccine.
背景:乙型肝炎是一种危及生命的病毒感染,可引起急性和慢性肝病。乙型肝炎感染是尼日利亚的地方病,全国合并流行率为9.5%。然而,一种安全有效的疫苗可以预防乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)。目的:本研究评估了埃基提州一所私立大学的非医学本科生对乙肝疫苗的了解以及接种疫苗的相关因素。材料和方法:这项调查是一项横断面研究,涉及尼日利亚埃基提州一所私立大学的420名非医学本科生,采用多阶段抽样技术。数据是在2019年3月至5月期间使用结构化的预测试自我管理问卷收集的。采用SPSS 23进行分析,其显著性水平为P<0.05。结果:调查对象的平均年龄为20.3±2.7岁。近一半的学生(47.4%)年龄在15-19岁之间。女性占受访者的51.4%,主要信奉基督教(77.4%)。大多数受访者对HBV疫苗有很好的了解(77.6%)。略高于四分之一(26。9%)的受访者已经接种了一剂或多剂乙肝疫苗。受访者的年龄(P=0.032)、研究学院(P=0.006)、对乙肝疫苗的良好了解(P<0.001)和乙肝疫苗的接种之间存在统计学上显著的相关性。与接种乙肝疫苗相关的因素包括年龄较大的人群(25-29岁)、理工学院的学生身份以及对乙肝疫苗的良好了解。结论:大多数受访者对乙肝疫苗有良好的了解。乙型肝炎疫苗接种的相关因素包括年龄(25-29)岁、理工学院的学生身份以及对乙型肝炎疫苗的良好了解。建议对大学生进行乙肝及其疫苗的健康教育,提高乙肝疫苗的接种率。
{"title":"Knowledge and associated factors for the uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among nonmedical undergraduate students in a private university in Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Elegbede, A. Alabi, T. Alao, T. Sanni","doi":"10.4103/njm.njm_48_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_48_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B is a life-threatening viral infection that causes acute and chronic diseases of the liver. Hepatitis B infection is endemic in Nigeria with a national pooled prevalence rate of 9.5%. However, a safe and effective vaccine that offers the protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is available. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine and the associated factors for the uptake of the vaccine among non medical undergraduate in a Private University in Ekiti State. Materials and Methods: This survey is a cross-sectional study involving 420 nonmedical undergraduate students of a private university in Ekiti State, Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured pretested self-administered questionnaire between March and May 2019. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23, and the level of significance was taken as P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 20.3 ± 2.7 years. Almost half of the students (47.4%) were within the age range of 15–19 years. Females constitute 51.4% of the respondents and mostly practiced Christianity (77.4%). The majority of respondents had good knowledge of HBV vaccine (77.6%). Just a little over a quarter (26. 9%) of the respondents have taken one or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine. There was a statistically significant association between respondents' age (P = 0.032), the college of study (P = 0.006), and good knowledge of HBV vaccine (P < 0.001) and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine. The factors associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccine include older age group (25–29 years), studentship in the college of science, and good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. Associated factors identified for uptake of hepatitis B vaccine include age (25–29) years, studentship in faculty of science, and good knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine. It is recommended that health education about hepatitis B and its vaccine should be offered to undergraduates to increase the uptake of hepatitis B vaccine.","PeriodicalId":52572,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47077977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in members of the Proteeae tribe isolated from a tertiary hospital in Southeast, Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部某三级医院分离的Proteeae部落成员的广谱β -内酰胺酶基因检测
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_39_22
C. Akujobi, Chinenye Okwesilieze, I. Aghanya, S. Ukibe, A. Okoro, S. Ushie, N. Maduekwe
Background: Tribe Proteeae consisting of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella species are critical opportunistic pathogens causing various health care-associated infections. Widespread extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activities have been reported among members of these groups of organisms. Aim: This study aimed to detect ESBL genes in clinical isolates of these bacteria from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixteen Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients receiving care in NAUTH were identified using the Microbact 12A Gram-negative bacilli identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on the isolates using antibiotics of various classes. The isolates resistant to any third-generation cephalosporins were screened for ESBL activity using the combination disc test. The presence of cefotaximase (CTX), oxacillinases (OXA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of the 216 Gram-negative isolates, 12 (5.6%) were Proteus spp., 3 (1.4%) were Morganella spp., and 8 (3.7%) were Providencia spp. The prevalence of the Proteeae bacteria was 23/216 (10.6%). Of the 23 Proteeae bacteria, 5 (21.7%) were confirmed phenotypically as ESBL producers, while 3 (13%) expressed the actual ESBL genes. CTX, OXA, and TEM genes were detected in all three isolates. Furthermore, 13% of the isolates exhibited carbapenem resistance. Conclusion: The results confirmed that ESBL-producing Proteeae bacteria existed in NAUTH. The incidental detection of carbapenem resistance among the Proteeae isolates whispers terror in waiting because carbapenems are last-resort antibiotics for managing life-threatening ESBL infections. This worrisome development highlights the need to improve infection control practices in Nigerian tertiary hospitals drastically.
背景:Proteeae族由Proteus, Providencia和Morganella组成,是引起各种卫生保健相关感染的关键机会致病菌。广泛的广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)活性已被报道在这些生物群的成员。目的:本研究旨在检测Nnamdi Azikiwe大学教学医院临床分离的这些细菌的ESBL基因。材料与方法:采用microbact12a革兰氏阴性杆菌鉴定系统对从北北医院就诊患者分离的216株革兰氏阴性杆菌进行鉴定。采用不同种类的抗生素对分离株进行了药敏试验。采用联合圆盘试验筛选对任何第三代头孢菌素耐药的分离株的ESBL活性。采用聚合酶链反应检测头孢噻肟酶(CTX)、氧苄菌酶(OXA)和透射电镜(TEM)基因的存在。结果:216株革兰氏阴性分离菌中变形杆菌12株(5.6%)、摩根氏菌3株(1.4%)、普罗维登氏菌8株(3.7%),变形杆菌感染率为23/216株(10.6%)。在23种Proteeae细菌中,5种(21.7%)被表型证实为ESBL产生菌,3种(13%)表达了实际的ESBL基因。在3株分离株中均检测到CTX、OXA和TEM基因。此外,13%的分离株表现出碳青霉烯类耐药性。结论:实验结果证实了nath中存在产esbl的蛋白菌。在Proteeae分离株中偶然检测到碳青霉烯类耐药性,这让人们在等待中感到恐惧,因为碳青霉烯类抗生素是治疗危及生命的ESBL感染的最后手段。这一令人担忧的发展突出表明,有必要大幅改善尼日利亚三级医院的感染控制做法。
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引用次数: 1
The use of art-based interventions in the care of patients in health-care institutions in Nigeria: A review 尼日利亚卫生保健机构在病人护理中使用基于艺术的干预措施:审查
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_32_22
E. Oladeji, C. Ezeme, A. Bamigbola
Background: Arts-based Interventions involve the use of aesthetic engagements, sensory activation, evocation of emotion and cognitive stimulation and involvement of the imagination, to promote wellbeing. This include a wide range of practices, from prehistoric traditions to the modern day evidence based usage of different forms of arts for therapeutic purposes. Despite the early recognition and proven efficacy of art-based interventions, an organized structure for integration of art into healthcare is lacking in Nigeria. Aim: This review aims to explore and describe the existing literature on the use of various art forms in the care of patients in health care institutions in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was done. MEDLINE, Embase, African Index Medicus and PsycINFO were searched using the following key words; art in medicine in Nigeria, art therapy in Nigeria and art in health in Nigeria. The search results were screened for articles using predefined criteria. A hand search for articles and communication with Arts in Medicine Project Nigeria were also done. The articles included in the review were read and summarized using a proforma. Result: Overall there is a sparseness of academic articles on the use and effectiveness of arts-based interventions in the management of patients in health care institutions in Nigeria. The most commonly applied art forms are music and visual arts.
背景:基于艺术的干预包括使用审美参与、感官激活、唤起情绪和认知刺激以及参与想象,以促进健康。这包括广泛的实践,从史前传统到现代基于证据的不同形式的艺术治疗用途。尽管基于艺术的干预措施得到了早期的认可并被证明是有效的,但尼日利亚缺乏将艺术融入医疗保健的有组织的结构。目的:本综述旨在探索和描述尼日利亚医疗机构在护理患者时使用各种艺术形式的现有文献。材料和方法:进行了范围审查。MEDLINE、Embase、African Index Medicus和PsycINFO使用以下关键词进行搜索;尼日利亚的医学艺术、尼日利亚的艺术治疗和尼日利亚的健康艺术。使用预定义的标准筛选搜索结果中的文章。还亲自搜索了文章,并与尼日利亚医学艺术项目进行了交流。审查中的文章采用形式表进行了阅读和总结。结果:总体而言,关于尼日利亚医疗机构患者管理中艺术干预措施的使用和有效性的学术文章很少。最常用的艺术形式是音乐和视觉艺术。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Nigerian Journal of Medicine
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