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Karl Marx y la transición del feudalismo al capitalismo 卡尔·马克思与封建主义向资本主义的过渡
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/AHAMM.V52.6428
C. Astarita
The purpose of this article is to revise Karl Marx’s model for the formation of capitalism in light of new research. In Das Kapital, Marx focused his study in England through parliamentary documents. The present article examines not only the English situation, but also that of other areas, especially Castile, through village documents. It demonstrates that the new relations of production developed within the functioning process of feudalism. Therefore, there was only one contradictory logic for the reproduction of feudalism and the genesis of capitalism. This leads to the reconsideration of the role of class struggle in the transition.
本文的目的是根据新的研究成果对马克思的资本主义形成模型进行修正。在《资本论》中,马克思通过议会文件集中了他在英国的研究。本文不仅考察了英国的情况,还考察了其他地区,特别是卡斯蒂利亚的情况。它表明,新的生产关系是在封建制度的运行过程中发展起来的。因此,封建制度的再生产和资本主义的起源只有一个矛盾的逻辑。这导致重新考虑阶级斗争在转型中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Venancio Fortunato y sus relaciones con los obispos de la Galia en el contexto del siglo VI 维南提乌斯·福尔图纳图斯和他在六世纪背景下与高卢主教的关系
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/AHAMM.V52.6419
Liliana Pégolo
espanolVenancio Fortunato fue un vir italus, nacido cerca de Treviso (ca. 530-540), que se convirtio en un modelo de comportamiento para las elites del siglo VI. En su travesia como poeta “itinerante” por los territorios merovingios, conto con su formacion retorico-literaria para relacionarse con soberanos, aristocratas, hombres y mujeres de la Iglesia. De los carmina dedicados a numerosos clerigos, analizaremos algunos compuestos a Leoncio de Bordeaux, Felix de Nantes y Gregorio de Tours, que demuestran la capacidad de Fortunato para forjar relaciones de amicitia en diversos planos politicos, a la vez que se exhiben como un “observatorio” privilegiado de la transicion entre el Tardoantiguo y el Medioevo. EnglishVenantius Fortunatus was a vir italus, born near in Treviso (ca. 530-540 AD), who became a model of behavior for the elites of the sixth century. In his journey as an “itinerant” poet through the Merovingian territories, he counted on his rhetorical-literary training to relate with sovereigns, aristocrats, men and women of the Church. About the Carmina dedicated to numerous clerics, we will analyze some compounds to Leontius of Bordeaux, Felix of Nantes and Gregorius of Tours, they which demonstrate the ability of Fortunatus to forge amicitia’ relations at various political levels, while being exhibited as an “observatory” privileged of the transition between the Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
西班牙人福图纳托是一位出生于特雷维索(约530-540年)附近的维尔·伊塔卢斯,他成为6世纪精英的行为榜样。在他作为一名“漫游”在梅罗文治领土上的诗人旅行时,他讲述了他与君主、贵族、教会男女有关的修辞-文学背景。在致力于许多神职人员的Carmina中,我们将分析Leoncio de Bordeaux、Felix de Nantes和Gregorio de Tours的一些化合物,这些化合物表明Fortunato有能力在不同的政治层面上建立友好关系,同时被展示为晚期安第斯和中期过渡的特权“观察站”。Englishvenantius Fortunatus是一种病毒,出生于特雷维索(公元530-540年)附近,成为16世纪精英行为的典范。在他作为一名穿越梅罗文根领土的“巡回”诗人的旅程中,他讲述了他与教会的君主、贵族、男女有关的修辞-文学训练。关于致力于许多神职人员的Carmina,我们将分析波尔多的Leontius、南特的Felix和Tours的Gregorius的一些化合物,这些化合物表明Fortunatus有能力在不同的政治层面建立友好关系,同时被展示为一个特权的“观察站”,以促进晚期和中世纪之间的过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Inter rectores et pastores: Thietmar de Merseburg y la acción episcopal 导演与牧师之间:蒂特马尔·德·梅尔塞堡与主教行动
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/ahamm.v52.6423
Andrea Vanina Neyra
espanolHace ya algunas decadas, el trabajo de Timothy Reuter genero una serie de cuestionamientos al sistema de la iglesia imperial o Reichskirchensystem, concepto que habia prevalecido en la historiografia alemana para explicar la estrecha union entre obispos y reyes/emperadores de la era otoniana. Aquella mirada estatica entendia a las figuras episcopales como meros ejecutores de funciones especificas dentro de dicho sistema. En las ultimas decadas han surgido perspectivas mas dinamicas que se preguntan por el tipo de oficio surgido de la accion concreta. En el ultimo libro del Chronicon, el cronista y obispo Thietmar de Merseburg reflexiona sobre la tarea del buen pastor y pretende elaborar una serie de consejos para los lectores y sucesores en la silla episcopal. Las sugerencias que se encuentran alli involucran las acciones del mundo terrenal, la administracion de la diocesis y el cuidado de las almas, moviendose entre lo esperado del status episcopal y la construccion y desarrollo personal de la funcion. Proponemos, entonces, pensar en la figura episcopal manifiesta en la obra de Thietmar a partir del posicionamiento entre esos dos mundos, el secular y el espiritual, y las tensiones involucradas entre los mismos, no solo en vinculacion con la construccion y el ejercicio de la autoridad y la funcion, sino tambien con las relaciones con el resto de los poderes EnglishSome decades ago, Timothy Reuter challenged the imperial church system or Reichskirchensystem, a long-lasting notion in German historiography used to explain the close union between bishops and kings/emperors of the Ottonian era. Following this static view, bishops were considered mere performers of specific functions within said system. Over the last decades, more dynamic perspectives have emerged, inquiring about the type of office rising from concrete actions. In the last book of his Chronicon, the chronicler and Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg reflects on the tasks of the good shepherd and he intends to offer some advice to readers and/or prospect bishops. Suggestions include earthly matters, the administration of the diocese and pastoral care; tackling what is expected as to episcopal status and how the office is personally constructed and developed. This article proposes to analize both the episcopal figure in Thietmar’s Chronicle by placing the bishop in the middle of two worlds: secular and spiritual¸and the tensions deriving from this, not only regarding the construction and exercise of authority, but also in relation with the rest of the (secular) powers.
几十年前,蒂莫西·鲁特(Timothy Reuter)的作品对帝国教会或帝国主义体系提出了一系列质疑,这一概念在德国史学中占主导地位,以解释秋季主教和国王/皇帝之间的密切结合。这种静态的观点将主教人物理解为只是在该系统中执行特定功能的人。近几十年来,出现了更具活力的前景,人们对具体行动产生的职业类型提出了质疑。在《编年史》的最新一本书中,编年史家兼梅尔塞堡主教蒂特马尔反思了这位好牧师的任务,并打算为读者和主教职位的继任者提供一系列建议。那里的建议涉及世俗世界的行动、教区的管理和灵魂的照顾,在主教地位的预期与职能的建设和个人发展之间移动。因此,我们建议根据蒂埃特马尔在世俗和精神两个世界之间的定位,以及它们之间所涉及的紧张关系,考虑蒂莫西·鲁特在蒂埃特马尔的作品中所表现出的主教形象,不仅与权力和职能的建设和行使有关,而且与几十年前与其他英国大国的关系。一些年前,蒂莫西·鲁特挑战了帝国教会制度或帝国主义制度,德国史学中一个长期存在的概念,用来解释奥顿时代主教与国王/皇帝之间的密切联系。根据这一静态观点,主教被认为只是该系统内特定功能的执行者。在过去的几十年里,出现了更具活力的观点,询问从具体行动中崛起的办公室类型。在他的编年史的最后一本书中,梅尔塞堡的编年史和主教蒂特马尔反思了这位好牧人的任务,并打算向读者和/或潜在的主教提供一些建议。建议包括土地问题、教区管理和牧民护理;解决人们对主教地位的期望以及该办公室是如何个人建设和发展的。这篇文章建议通过将主教置于两个世界的中间来分析《蒂特马尔编年史》中的主教形象:世俗和精神,以及由此产生的紧张关系,不仅涉及权力的建设和行使,而且涉及其他(世俗)权力。
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引用次数: 0
Los solteros en las ciudades griegas arcaicas y clásicas: tratamiento legal y representaciones 古希腊和古典城市中的单身汉:法律处理和代表
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/AHAMM.V52.6426
Florence Gherchanoc
Este articulo propone una reflexion sobre las formas posibles de presiones social, politica y religiosa ejercidas sobre los solteros (aquellas y aquellos que no estan casados ni tienen hijos). En relacion a las ciudades de Atenas, Esparta y Gortina, asi como la ciudad de Magnesia imaginada por Platon, enfoca las modalidades de la regulacion de los comportamientos y los discursos relativos a los agamoi . El conjunto lleva a relativizar la idea de un verdadero tratamiento legal de la solteria en las ciudades griegas arcaicas y clasicas.
这篇文章建议反思对单身人士(那些既没有结婚也没有孩子的人)施加的可能形式的社会、政治和宗教压力。关于雅典、斯巴达和戈尔蒂纳的城市,以及柏拉图想象中的马格尼西亚城市,它侧重于规范与阿加莫伊有关的行为和言论的方式。这套衣服导致了在希腊古老和古典城市对单身进行真正法律处理的想法相对化。
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引用次数: 0
La historiografía de la Revuelta Agermanada: el lugar ausente del relato histórico 非正规起义史学:历史叙事的缺席之地
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/ahamm.v52.6430
M. Parma
Under the first crisis of the feudal system and in the context of the cycle of social and political struggles to which it gave rise, the revolt agermanada (1519-1522) took shape. The Valencian historiography turned this revolt into an privileged object of study with renewed contributions of interest, because the event evokes and rediscovers the local identity and autonomy. But not all the aspects that involve the analysis of the conflict have deserved the same attention on the part of the historians, nor have the two stages of the social struggle obtained from then the same evaluation. The present article tries a survey of the specialized historiography around the case, in order to be able to establish a balance of these forms of interpretation, as for the understanding of the second and decisive phase of the revolt, whose importance we postulate for the understanding of the set of the historical process.
在封建制度的第一次危机和由此产生的社会政治斗争循环的背景下,起义(1519-1522)形成了。瓦伦西亚的史学把这次起义变成了一个特权的研究对象,有了新的兴趣贡献,因为这一事件唤起并重新发现了当地的身份和自治。但并非所有涉及冲突分析的方面都得到了历史学家的同样重视,社会斗争的两个阶段也没有得到同样的评价。本文试图围绕这一案例对专业史学进行考察,以便能够在这些解释形式之间建立一种平衡,以理解起义的第二阶段和决定性阶段,我们假设其重要性对于理解历史过程的设置。
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引用次数: 2
La recepción de la soteriología agustiniana en la corte de Teodorico 在狄奥多里克的宫廷里接受奥古斯丁的索特学
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/AHAMM.V52.6420
Estefanía Sottocorno
The sanction of the council of Orange of 529, impelled by Caesarius of Arles and endorsed by Bonifacius II, after a complicated succession in Rome, with the death of Felix IV and the dispute for the papal inheritance between Goths and Byzantines, crystallizes the dogmatic drifts that had been developing from the feverish questions to the authority of the bishop of Hippo, irradiated especially from the centers of monastic discipline installed in southern Gaul, i. e., Marseille and Lerins, and North Africa. In this frame, it seems interesting to observe the reach of the Augustinian influence, several decades after his own death, on the literary production of the most conspicuous members of the Roman intelligentsia at the service of the Ostrogothic court.
公元529年,在阿尔勒凯撒利乌斯的推动下,博尼法修斯二世的支持下,罗马发生了复杂的继承,菲利克斯四世去世,哥特人与拜占庭人之间发生了教皇继承权的纠纷,在此之后,奥兰治会议的批准,使从狂热问题发展到希波主教权威的教条主义趋势变得清晰起来,这种趋势尤其从高卢南部的修道院纪律中心,即马赛和勒兰,受到了影响。和北非。在这个框架中,观察奥古斯丁在他死后几十年,对为东哥特宫廷服务的罗马知识分子中最显赫的成员的文学作品的影响,似乎很有趣。
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引用次数: 0
El obispo como administrador: Poder episcopal , clero y patrimonio diocesano en el Reino Visigodo (589- 711) 主教作为行政长官:西哥特王国的主教权力、神职人员和教区遗产(589-711)
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/AHAMM.V52.6421
Eleonora Dell’Elicine
The Visigothic synods have a two-faced character: whether, on the one side, they are a major agency of Episcopal power since they transmit the rules of an ordered situation headed by the bishop; on the other they are the main instrument of negotiation within the clergy, in view of the fact that they mediate conflicts that eventually could put a strain on the Episcopal power. Managing the ecclesiastic patrimony, priestly ordenations and his own patrimony, the bishop proceeds with the clergy primarily as a dominus, making use of the law only under situations of conflict. In a juncture marked by fierce competition, the bishop only imposes hegemony inasmuch as he can strategically manage the instruments he has at his disposal.
西哥特人的主教会议具有两面性:一方面,它们是主教权力的主要机构,因为它们传递由主教领导的有序局面的规则;另一方面,他们是神职人员内部谈判的主要工具,因为他们调解冲突最终可能会给圣公会权力带来压力。管理教会的遗产,司铎的祝圣和他自己的遗产,主教与神职人员主要作为统治者,只有在冲突的情况下才使用法律。在激烈竞争的关键时刻,主教只会施加霸权,因为他可以战略性地管理他所拥有的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Puntos de partida. Creación, historia sagrada y esquemas temporales en la hispania visigoda 起点。西哥特西班牙裔的创作、神圣历史和时间安排
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/AHAMM.V52.6422
D. Castro
espanolEste articulo analiza el papel del obispo en la elaboracion, adaptacion y actualizacion de los esquemas temporales y relatos sobre los origenes del mundo y del hombre, que, basados en la tradicion biblico-patristica, ofrecieron un marco cristiano de referencia e identidad. El trabajo aborda la tarea de la jerarquia eclesiastica visigoda, principalmente de los obispos Isidoro de Sevilla, Ildefonso de Toledo y Julian de Toledo, y examina las estrategias y procedimientos diversos que forjaron, adaptaron y utilizaron para ensenar la verdadera doctrina y afirmar la unidad de un reino que se reconocia a si mismo ocupando una posicion destacada dentro de la cristiandad. A partir de un trabajo activo sobre el material biblico y patristico, los obispos visigodos al mismo tiempo que enlazaban el presente con la historia sagrada, inscribiendo a la gens Gothorum dentro de un esquema de parametros universales, se afirmaban como las voces autorizadas para interpretar y ensenar el mensaje revelado. EnglishThis article studies the role of the bishop in the elaboration and adaptation of temporal models and origin accounts, which, based on the biblical and Patristic tradition, helped to build a Christian framework of reference and identity. The present study addresses the task of the Visigothic ecclesiastical hierarchy, with particular focus on the works of bishops Isidore of Seville, Ildefonsus of Toledo and Julian of Toledo, and examines the different strategies and procedures forged, adapted and used by them in order to teach the true doctrine and assert the unity of a kingdom that thought of itself as occupying a prominent position within Christianity. By working actively on biblical and patristic material, Visigothic bishops strived to link the present with sacred history, inscribing the gens Gothorum within a scheme of universal parameters, and presented themselves as the authorized voices to interpret and teach the revealed message.
西班牙本文分析了主教在制定、调整和更新关于世界和人类起源的时间计划和故事方面的作用,这些计划和故事基于圣经-爱国主义传统,提供了一个基督教参考和身份框架。这项工作涉及西哥特教会等级制度的任务,主要是塞维利亚的伊西多罗主教、托莱多的伊尔德丰索主教和托莱多的朱利安主教,并审查了他们制定、调整和使用的各种战略和程序,以教授真正的教义,并确认一个在基督教世界中占据突出地位的承认自己的王国的统一。根据对圣经和爱国材料的积极研究,西哥特主教在将现在与神圣历史联系起来的同时,将哥特式氏族纳入普遍参数计划,声称自己是有权解释和教授所揭示信息的声音。这篇文章研究了主教在制定和调整临时模式和起源账户方面的作用,这些账户基于圣经和爱国传统,有助于建立一个基督教的参考和身份框架。本研究讨论了有远见的教会等级制度的任务,特别侧重于塞维利亚的伊西多主教、托莱多的伊尔德丰苏斯和托莱多的朱利安的工作,并审查了他们为教授真正的教义和维护一个认为自己在基督教中占有突出地位的国家的统一而制定、调整和使用的不同战略和程序。通过积极研究圣经和爱国材料,维希哥特主教努力将现在与神圣的历史联系起来,在普遍参数的计划中登记哥特人,并将自己作为权威的声音来解释和教授所揭示的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Jurisdicción episcopal, iglesias monásticas y formación de la diócesis en el norte hispánico 主教管辖权、修道院和西班牙北部教区的形成
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.34096/AHAMM.V52.6424
Mariel Pérez
This paper addresses the formation of the diocese in Northern Iberia focusing on the conflicts involved in the establishment of episcopal authority over the churches controlled by monastic houses. To this end, the paper analyzes the lost-lasting dispute between the episcopacy of Leon and the monastery of Sahagun over the exercise of episcopal jurisdiction in the churches owned by the monastery, considering the ways in which the monastery conditioned and restricted the authority of the bishops in these churches, and identifying the strategies that, in that context, contributed to the materialization of episcopal jurisdiction within the diocesan space.
本文论述了伊比利亚北部教区的形成,重点是建立主教对修道院控制的教堂的权力所涉及的冲突。为此,本文分析了莱昂主教和萨哈贡修道院之间关于在修道院所有的教堂行使主教管辖权的失落的持久争端,考虑了修道院制约和限制主教在这些教堂中的权威的方式,并确定了在这种情况下,促成了主教管辖权在教区空间内的具体化。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Anales de Historia Antigua Medieval y Moderna
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