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Influence of polymer modification of complex fertilizer on the efficiency of phosphorus and potassium use by winter wheat on the southern chernozem 复合肥聚合物改性对南方黑钙土冬小麦磷钾利用效率的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-113-90-109
I. Bamatov, N. Vasilyeva, A. Vladimirov, T. Vasiliev, K. A. Perevertin
In modern conditions of unprecedented challenges, an alternative to the technological degradation of fertilizer application systems can be the development of original forms of long-acting fertilizers. Despite significant progress in the adaptation of progressive systems of agrochemical impacts, the use of traditional forms of mineral fertilizers does not allow using the full potential of the introduced nutrients, since the processes of incomplete denitrification, immobilization and leaching (leaching) of the main macronutrients (NPK), along with the action of urease, lead to unproductive loss of nutrients in the soil. In addition to economic losses, there are negative environmental consequences – eutrophication of water bodies, emission of greenhouse gases. The studies were carried out in 2022 under production conditions in the Kursk district of the Stavropol Territory on the farm of “StavAgroCom” on southern carbonate chernozem. As a modifier of mineral fertilizers, one of the most common synthetic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), was used. The polymer consumption rate was 3, 5 and 7 kg per 1 ton of fertilizer. Yield growth was positively correlated with the dose of polymer in the fertilizer. The analysis of soil properties was carried out by the method of principal components. The resulting clustering in the coordinates of the first two components (in total they explain 65% of the data variation) shows significant differences in soil properties under different experimental options. To assess the efficiency of the use of nutrients depending on the dose of the polymer, a differential indicator was proposed – the additional efficiency of the use of nutrients (E). It was estimated from the increase in yield relative to the zero dose of the polymer per unit reduction in the concentration of this element in the soil according to the proposed formula. It is shown that the polymer use in fertilizer gives a statistically significant increase in the efficiency of phosphorus and potassium use by winter wheat. 
在面临前所未有挑战的现代条件下,肥料施用系统技术退化的替代方案可以是开发长效肥料的原始形式。尽管在适应农业化学影响的渐进系统方面取得了重大进展,但使用传统形式的矿物肥料不允许充分利用引入的营养素的潜力,因为主要常量营养素(NPK)的不完全反硝化、固定化和浸出(浸出)过程,以及脲酶的作用,导致土壤中养分的非生产性损失。除了经济损失,还有负面的环境后果——水体富营养化、温室气体排放。这些研究于2022年在斯塔夫罗波尔地区库尔斯克区南部碳酸盐黑钙土上的“StavAgroCom”农场的生产条件下进行。作为矿物肥料的改性剂,使用了最常见的合成聚合物之一聚乙烯醇(PVA)。聚合物消耗率分别为每1吨化肥3、5和7公斤。产量增长与肥料中聚合物的用量呈正相关。采用主成分法对土壤性质进行了分析。前两个分量坐标中的聚类结果(总的来说,它们解释了65%的数据变化)表明,在不同的实验选项下,土壤性质存在显著差异。为了根据聚合物的剂量评估营养素的使用效率,提出了一个差异指标——营养素使用的额外效率(E)。根据所提出的公式,根据土壤中该元素浓度每单位减少一次,相对于聚合物的零剂量,产量的增加进行了估算。研究表明,聚合物在肥料中的使用在统计上显著提高了冬小麦对磷和钾的利用效率。
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引用次数: 0
Zymography: developing of the enzyme soil activity visualization method Zymography:酶-土壤活性可视化方法的发展
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-113-58-89
M. V. Timofeeva, K. Abrosimov, A. Yudina, D. Fomin, V. Klyueva
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引用次数: 1
Biochar influence on the development of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and acidity of soddy-podzolic soil in Western Siberia 生物炭对西伯利亚西部地区春小麦生长发育及盐碱化土壤酸度的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-113-110-137
K. Ponomarev, A. Pervushina, K. Korotaeva, A. Yurtaev, A. S. Petuhov, R. Tabakaev, I. Shanenkov
The paper purpose was to establish the effect of applying biochar obtained from various organic wastes of agriculture (cow manure, straw), woodworking (pine sawdust) and food industry (pine nut shell), which are typical of Western Siberia, on the morphometric characteristics of plants (using spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as the example) and the soddy-podzolic soil properties. The assessment of biochar influence was performed by a series of vegetation experiments using climatic chambers. As a result, it was found that the introduction of all the noted biochar types into the soil layer leads to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the morphometric characteristics of spring wheat. For example, when applying the straw biochar to the soil, it results in growing the plant height to the node by 19%, while the number of leaves increased by 8% compared to the control variant. The introduction of biochar from manure leads to the increased length of the spring wheat root by 35%. Moreover, straw and manure biochars contribute to the reduction of soil acidity (increase in pH values from 7.1 to 7.4 and 7.8, respectively). The results of the comprehensive analysis indicate that the agronomic advantages of application of biochars obtained from wheat straw and cattle manure are better compared to biochars from pine sawdust and pine nut shells, which is due to higher concentration of nutrients and substances with alkaline reaction (carbonates and oxides) in the former. The results obtained are useful from the point of view of assessing the environmental risks when applying biochar ameliorants in soils typical of the boreal bioclimatic zone. Subsequent experiments, including studies of the joint application of biochars and fertilizers to the soil, will make it possible to develop recommendations for applying the thermal conversion technology for recycling the regional organic waste into ameliorants that improve soil quality and increase its fertility.
研究了西伯利亚西部典型农业废弃物(牛粪、秸秆)、木工废弃物(松木木屑)、食品废弃物(松仁壳)中生物炭的施用对植物形态特征(以春小麦为例)和盐碱化土壤性状的影响。利用气候室进行了一系列植被试验,对生物炭的影响进行了评估。综上所述,所有生物炭类型的引入均显著(p < 0.05)提高了春小麦的形态计量特征。例如,在土壤中施用秸秆生物炭时,与对照变异相比,株高至节高增加19%,叶片数量增加8%。从粪肥中引入生物炭可使春小麦根系长度增加35%。此外,秸秆和粪肥生物炭有助于降低土壤酸度(pH值分别从7.1增加到7.4和7.8)。综合分析结果表明,利用麦秸和牛粪制备的生物炭比利用松木木屑和松子壳制备的生物炭具有更好的农艺优势,这是由于前者含有更高的营养物质和碱性反应物质(碳酸盐和氧化物)。所得结果对评价在典型北方生物气候带土壤中应用生物炭改良剂的环境风险具有重要意义。随后的实验,包括对生物炭和肥料联合施用于土壤的研究,将有可能制定应用热转化技术的建议,将区域有机废物回收为改善土壤质量和提高其肥力的改良剂。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive assessment of soil heterogeneity by crop canopy status 作物冠层状况对土壤异质性的综合评价
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-113-31-57
I. Savin, S. A. Berbekov, D. A. Tutukova
One of the most important applications of soil knowledge is in agricultural processes and crop production. Crop and forage yields strongly depend on soil conditions. Therefore, accurate soil information is an important component of informational support for agricultural production. A soil map is used as the basis for obtaining the soil data of a land plot. But the information on the soil map in many cases does not reflect the spatial variation of all agronomically important properties of soils, which leads to oversimplified and inaccurate analysis of soil information when making management decisions. A new methodology of applied soil mapping for agricultural purposes, based on a detailed analysis of the state of crops in a crop rotation with the use of multi-year satellite data archives, is proposed. The maps of soil inhomogeneity of individual fields, obtained on the basis of the proposed approaches, differ significantly from the traditionally developed soil maps and more accurately reflect the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, predetermining their actual fertility. 
土壤知识最重要的应用之一是在农业过程和作物生产中。作物和饲料产量在很大程度上取决于土壤条件。因此,准确的土壤信息是农业生产信息支撑的重要组成部分。土壤图被用作获得地块土壤数据的基础。但在许多情况下,土壤图上的信息并不能反映土壤所有重要农艺性状的空间变化,这导致在做出管理决策时对土壤信息的分析过于简单和不准确。在利用多年卫星数据档案对作物轮作中的作物状况进行详细分析的基础上,提出了一种新的农业应用土壤测绘方法。根据所提出的方法获得的各个田地的土壤不均匀性图与传统开发的土壤图有很大不同,更准确地反映了土壤性质的空间异质性,从而预先确定了其实际肥力。
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引用次数: 1
Peculiarities of spectral reflectance of fractions with sizes from 20 to 5,000 microns in soil samples 土壤样品中20-5000微米粒级的光谱反射率特性
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-112-24-47
I. Savin, M. A. Shishkin, D. Sharychev
By the example of arable horizon samples taken from three soil types (sod-podzolic, gray forest, and leached chernozem) the peculiarities of electromagnetic waves reflection from their different particle size fractions were studied. The extraction of fractions by dry sieving was carried out using Retsch AS 200 BASIC equipment. As a result, 14 fractions ranging in size from less than 20 microns to more than 5,000 microns were isolated. Spectral reflectance was determined for each fraction and for the soil sample before sieving in the electromagnetic wave range from 350 to 2,500 nm using a SR-6500 field spectroradiometer (Spectral Evolution, USA). Analysis of similarities and differences in the obtained spectral reflectance curves of individual fractions was carried out using their visual analysis, the method of similarity dendrogram construction, as well as regression analysis between light reflectance and fraction particle size. It was confirmed that at a more detailed level of analysis compared to the one carried out by other researchers earlier, the general patterns of light reflectance of the samples do not change. A higher reflection of waves by thinner fractions and a lower reflection by more coarse fractions are observed. At the same time, spectral reflection curves for individual fractions are out of the general pattern, the level of intensity of local extremes of the curves’ changes. This confirms the difference of the material composition, which forms the color of soils, of these fractions from others. The color of the mixed sample is a spectral mixture of colors of its separate fractions. Presumably, this is the main reason for such a phenomenon as change of spectral reflectivity of open surface of soils under the influence of atmospheric precipitation.
以取自三种土壤类型(草皮灰化土、灰色森林和浸出黑钙土)的耕地层位样品为例,研究了不同粒径组分的电磁波反射特性。使用Retsch AS 200 BASIC设备通过干筛提取级分。结果,分离出尺寸从小于20微米到大于5000微米的14个级分。在使用SR-6500场光谱辐射计(Spectral Evolution,USA)在350至2500nm的电磁波范围内进行筛选之前,确定每个部分和土壤样品的光谱反射率。通过视觉分析、相似树状图构建方法以及光反射率与粒径之间的回归分析,对所获得的各个组分的光谱反射率曲线的相似性和差异性进行了分析。已经证实,与其他研究人员早些时候进行的分析相比,在更详细的分析层面上,样本的光反射率的总体模式没有改变。观察到较薄的部分对波的较高反射和较粗的部分对较低反射。同时,单个分数的光谱反射曲线不符合一般模式,曲线的局部极值强度水平发生变化。这证实了这些部分与其他部分形成土壤颜色的材料成分的差异。混合样品的颜色是其单独部分的颜色的光谱混合。这可能是大气降水影响下土壤开放表面光谱反射率变化的主要原因。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of terms and methods of storage on changes in enzyme activity of meadow chernozem-like soil on Zeya-Bureya plain 贮藏条件和方法对泽亚-布雷亚平原草甸黑钙土酶活性变化的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-112-48-72
O. Piletskaya, D. A. Yachnaya
The analysis of the biological and enzymatic properties of soils is an important aspect of soil ecology, but the results of studies can be strongly influenced by the storage conditions of the samples. Variation in storage methods and duration studies reduces the ability to accurately interpret data and compare results. This work presents a study of the influence of various storage conditions and time on the results of the activity of enzymes of hydrolase class (urease, phosphatase), and oxidoreductases class (catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) of meadow chernozem-like soil of the Zeya-Bureya plain. For the research, a laboratory experiment was performed, in which naturally moist and air-dry samples were taken and stored under various conditions: room temperature (+23 – +25 °С), low positive temperature (refrigerator, +10 °C), negative temperature (freezer, –10 °С) within 7, 28, 90 and 365 days. As a result, we found that drying soil samples immediately after sampling increases the activity of urease, phosphatase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. Storage conditions do not significantly affect the activity of enzymes. To assess the actual enzymatic activity, we recommend using naturally moist soil samples immediatel y after sampling; to assess potential enzymatic activity, drying the soil and storing it for no more than 7 days are recommended. The results of this study provide useful information on the impact of sample storage conditions for researchers of enzyme activity in similar climates and contribute to further consideration and discussion of the implications of sample storage.
土壤的生物学和酶学性质分析是土壤生态学的一个重要方面,但研究结果可能受到样品储存条件的强烈影响。存储方法和持续时间研究的差异降低了准确解释数据和比较结果的能力。本文研究了不同贮藏条件和贮存时间对泽亚布里亚平原黑土样草甸土壤水解酶类酶(脲酶、磷酸酶)和氧化还原酶类酶(过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶)活性的影响。为了进行研究,我们进行了一项实验室实验,在不同的条件下,在7、28、90和365天内,将自然潮湿和风干的样品保存在室温(+23 - +25°С)、低正温(冰箱,+10°C)、负温(冰箱,- 10°С)下。因此,我们发现在取样后立即干燥土壤样品会增加脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性。储存条件对酶的活性没有显著影响。为了评估实际的酶活性,我们建议在取样后立即使用自然潮湿的土壤样品;为了评估潜在的酶活性,建议将土壤干燥并存放不超过7天。本研究的结果为研究类似气候条件下酶活性的研究人员提供了有关样品储存条件影响的有用信息,并有助于进一步考虑和讨论样品储存的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Dissolved organic matter and microbial carbon of Protocalcic Chernozems of different land management 不同土地管理下原钙质黑钙土的溶解有机质和微生物碳
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-112-122-133
V. A. Kholodov, Y. Farkhodov, N. V. Yaroslavtseva, N. Danchenko, B. Ilyin, V. I. Lazarev
Water-extractable organic matter is the most active and mobile form of soil carbon. The other active fraction and extremely biolabile is the carbon constituent of microorganisms. Both of these fractions play an essential role in agrocenoses and in the global carbon cycle on our planet. The aim of the work was to estimate the carbon content of water-extractable organic matter as well as that of microbial origin in typical chernozems (Protocalcic Chernozems) of different land-use types. Protocalcic Chernozem samples taken from the fields of long-term experiments with different types of land use were investigated: a permanent bare fallow for 55 years (since 1964); conventional tillage – four-field crop rotation, first rotation; direct seeding – crop rotation similar to direct seeding, first rotation; a 21-year fallow (since 1998) after 34 years of bare fallow (since 1964). We determined the carbon content of water-extractable organic matter and the carbon content of microbial origin. In the studied series of variants, the proportion of carbon of water-extractable organic matter in the total amount of organic matter in the upper horizon (0–15 cm) was 0.69, 0.85, 1.01, and 0.98%, respectively, while that of carbon of microbial origin was 0.27, 0.55, 0.53, and 1.52%. It was noted that against the background of increasing the content of total organic carbon in direct seeding variant, compared with the traditional soil treatment, the microbial biomass in this variant does not increase. The fallow variant, unlike all other types of land use, is characterized by a higher proportion of microbial carbon, in contrast to the carbon of water-extractable organic matter.
水可提取有机质是土壤碳最活跃、最具流动性的形式。另一种活性组分是微生物的碳成分,具有极高的生物活性。这两种组分在我们星球上的农产品和全球碳循环中都发挥着重要作用。这项工作的目的是估计不同土地利用类型的典型黑钙土(原钙化黑钙土)中水可提取有机物的碳含量以及微生物来源的碳含量。对从不同类型土地利用的长期试验田中采集的原钙黑钙土样品进行了调查:55年的永久裸休耕(自1964年以来);常规耕作——四田轮作,第一轮轮作;直播-类似于直播的作物轮作,第一轮;经过34年的休耕(自1964年以来),休耕21年(自1998年以来)。我们测定了水可提取有机物的碳含量和微生物来源的碳含量。在所研究的一系列变体中,水可提取有机物的碳在上层(0–15 cm)有机物总量中的比例分别为0.69%、0.85、1.01和0.98%,而微生物来源的碳为0.27、0.55、0.53,和1.52%。值得注意的是,在直播变体中总有机碳含量增加的背景下,与传统土壤处理相比,该变体中的微生物生物量没有增加。与所有其他类型的土地利用不同,休耕变体的特点是微生物碳的比例更高,而水可提取有机物的碳比例更高。
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引用次数: 0
Soil orders and their areas on the updated soil map of the Russian Federation, 1 : 2.5 M scale 俄罗斯联邦更新的土壤图上的土壤顺序及其面积,1:2.5 M比例尺
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-112-73-121
D. Konyushkov, T. Ananko, M. Gerasimova, N. Savitskaya, S. V. Chuvanov
An analysis of the soil cover of Russia as presented on the soil map on a scale of 1 : 2.5 M with the use of a new substantive-genetic soil classification system has been performed at the level of soil orders. The high level of classification-based generalization makes it possible to assess the most general patterns of soil geography and soil resources and to identify changes that have occurred as a result of renaming of each polygon on the map with the use of the new classification. The areas occupied by soil orders have been calculated. In total, there are 24 soil orders on the new map, including 21 orders of natural soils and 3 orders (agrozems, turfzems, stratozems) of anthropogenically transformed soils. Soils of the orders of agro-abrazems, chernozems, and turbozems are not presented on the map. As on most small-scale soil maps of Russia, the zonal regularities of the soil cover in the East European Plain and high lithogenic mosaicity in Central and Eastern Siberia are clearly seen. The new map includes soil orders that were absent on the initial map: cryozems, cryometamorphic and hydrometamorphic soils, lithozems, cryoabrazems, cryoturbozems, urbostratozems, and organo-accumulative soils. Soils characteristic of humid conditions predominate: Al-Fe-humus soils (Podzols) (319.2 M ha, or 19% of the land fund of Russia), gley soils (Gleysols) (223.9 M ha, 13%), texture-differentiated soils (Luvisols and Regosols) (190.8 M ha, 11%), and peat soils (Histosols) (143.5 M ha, 8%) and occupy more than a half of the territory of Russia. The area of humus-accumulative soils most suitable for arable use is 103.6 M ha (6%). Considerable areas are occupied by soils of the orders of cryozems (Turbic Cryosols) (111.4 M ha), iron-metamorphic soils (Chromic Cambisols) (92.7 M ha), structure-metamorphic soils (Cambisols) (47.3 M ha), pale-metamorphic soils (Cambic Cryosols) (12.8 M ha), hydrometamorphic soils (Calcic Gleysols) (4.3 M ha), and cryometamorphic soils (Cambisols Gelic) (3.4 M ha), which corresponds to the vast continental territory of Russia with balanced moisture conditions. Separate place belongs to the soils with strict limitations for use (lithosols (Leptosols), weakly developed soils (Regosols, Nudilithic Leptosols)) but playing important biospheric functions and requiring special protection.
利用一个新的实质性成因土壤分类系统,在土壤阶数水平上对土壤图上1:2.5 M的俄罗斯土壤覆盖进行了分析。基于分类的高水平概括使评估土壤地理和土壤资源的最一般模式成为可能,并确定由于使用新分类重命名地图上的每个多边形而发生的变化。已计算出土壤订单占用的面积。新地图上总共有24个土壤目,包括21个自然土壤目和3个人类改造土壤目(土壤纲、草皮纲、平流层纲)。地图上没有显示农用砂、黑钙土和涡轮土的土壤。与俄罗斯大多数小规模土壤图一样,东欧平原土壤覆盖的地带性规律和西伯利亚中部和东部的高成岩镶嵌性清晰可见。新地图包括了初始地图上没有的土壤顺序:冻土、低温变质和水文阿莫尔土、岩石圈、低温砂土、低温涡轮土、urbostratozems和有机堆积土。以湿润条件为特征的土壤主要有:Al-Fe腐殖质土壤(Podzols)(3.192亿公顷,占俄罗斯土地面积的19%)、潜育土(Gleysol)(2.239亿公顷,13%)、质地分化土(Luvisol和Regosols)(1.908亿公顷,11%)和泥炭土(Histosol)(1.435亿公顷,8%),占俄罗斯领土的一半以上。最适合耕种的腐殖质堆积土面积为1.036亿公顷(6%)。相当大的面积被冻土(Turbic Cryosols)(111.4百万公顷)、铁变质土(Chromic Cambisol,这与俄罗斯广阔的大陆领土相对应,具有平衡的水分条件。单独的地方属于对使用有严格限制的土壤(岩石圈(细粉土)、发育较弱的土壤(Regosols、Nudilithic Leptosols)),但具有重要的生物圈功能,需要特殊保护。
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引用次数: 1
Dynamics of soil freezing and thawing in the agroforestry landscape 农林业景观中土壤冻融动态
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-112-160-180
A. Kulik, O. Gordienko, M. R. Shaifullin
The article presents the dynamics of soil freezing and thawing in the agroforestry landscape of the dry-steppe zone. These processes in winters with unstable snow cover have their own characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the character of soil freezing and thawing in the agroforestry landscape under conditions of low snowfall winters. Observations were carried out in the winter period of 2020–2021 at the existing runoff-erosion research station in Volgograd. The dynamics of soil freezing and thawing was studied using Danilin freeze-thaw meters installed in the field and in the center of a four-row forest belt. Simultaneously, snow cover height was measured in triplicate with a snow measuring rod. The weather conditions were characterized by alternating thaws, which promoted snow cover melt, and frosts, which increased the depth of soil freezing. The formation of a 10-15 cm snow cover did not affect soil freezing. In the absence of snow on the background of a brief thaw, the lower boundary of the frozen layer in the field decreased by 11 cm compared to the forest belt, which even in the leafless state affected the inflow of solar thermal energy. Average freezing at the end of winter was 85 cm in the field and 67 cm in the forest belt. Thawing in the field was faster. During the first two weeks, the rate of soil thawing averaged 2.3 cm/day in the field and 1.3 cm/day in the forest belt. After that, the depth of freezing in the whole agroforestry landscape became equal. During the next two weeks, the thawing rate doubled. After complete soil thawing in the field in the forest belt, the thickness of the frozen layer averaged 32 cm.
本文介绍了干旱草原区农林复合景观中土壤的冻融动态。在积雪不稳定的冬季,这些过程有其自身的特点。本研究旨在探讨冬季低降雪条件下农林复合景观土壤的冻融特性。观测于2020-2021年冬季在伏尔加格勒现有的径流侵蚀研究站进行。利用丹妮林冻融仪在四排林带的田间和中心进行了土壤冻融动态研究。同时,用测雪棒一式三份测量积雪高度。天气条件的特点是交替融化,促进积雪融化,霜冻增加土壤冻结深度。10-15厘米积雪的形成不会影响土壤的冻结。在短暂解冻的背景下没有雪的情况下,与林带相比,田地里冰冻层的下边界减少了11厘米,即使在无叶状态下,这也会影响太阳能的流入。冬季结束时,田地和林带的平均冰冻厚度分别为85厘米和67厘米。田地里的解冻速度更快。在最初的两周里,田地里的土壤融化速度平均为2.3厘米/天,林带里的土壤解冻速度平均为1.3厘米/天。之后,整个农林景观的冻结深度变得相等。在接下来的两周里,解冻速度翻了一番。在林带的田地里土壤完全融化后,冻土层的厚度平均为32厘米。
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引用次数: 0
Milestones of the history (to the 95-th anniversary of the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute) 历史的里程碑(纪念V.V.Dokuchaev土壤科学研究所成立95周年)
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2022-112-5-23
A. Ivanov, B. Aparin
The article considers the logic and periods of V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute development as well as the driving forces during the mentioned periods and the most important outcomes and tasks for the near future. One can distinguish four main periods in the history of the Institute, they are: organization, sustainable development, survival, revival. Some factors like scientific and organizational structure of the Institute, its contribution to the development of theoretical and applied soil science are considered as the indicators typical of each period. Firstly, the Institute structure during the initial organization period shows the priority of fundamental soil research in the leading areas: soil physics, soil chemistry, soil genesis, biology, etc. Advanced development of theoretical research allowed scientists to promptly respond to actual needs of the developing country: search for soil resources for cultivation of technical crops, development of new territories, land reclamation and hydrotechnical construction. By the 1970s a kind of sustainable scientific and organizational structure had finally formed in the Institute. In the early 90s, the Soil Science Institute entered a critical phase of development. The second decade of the XXI century became a turning point in its fate. A new strategy in the development of scientific activities of the Institute was sorely needed. The new strategy consisted of three interrelated elements. The first one was modernization of the material and technical basis for researches; the second one was strengthening of the human resources potential through attraction of motivated young researchers; and the third one was in establishing unilateral and multilateral interactions between the partners – users of scientific knowledge. The main areas of interaction were the topical issues: food security, global climate change and their implications for the country. It has been shown that society can recognize and support the scientific research only if a constant flow of information, obtained by means of different tools and methods, is provided. The significance of soil science as a fundamental discipline in the socio-economic development of the country was confirmed by the Government Resolution (2022) on the celebration of the 100-th anniversary of the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute. The modern noosphere paradigm in soil research poses new challenges to the science, at the forefront of which is V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute.
本文考虑了V.V.Dokuchaev土壤科学研究所发展的逻辑和时期,以及上述时期的驱动力,以及近期最重要的成果和任务。我们可以区分研究所历史上的四个主要时期,它们是:组织、可持续发展、生存、复兴。一些因素,如研究所的科学和组织结构,它对理论和应用土壤科学发展的贡献,被认为是每个时期的典型指标。首先,该研究所在最初组织期间的结构表明,基础土壤研究在领先领域的优先地位:土壤物理、土壤化学、土壤成因、生物学等。理论研究的先进发展使科学家能够迅速响应发展中国家的实际需求:寻找用于种植技术作物的土壤资源,新界发展、填海造地及建造水利工程。到20世纪70年代,该研究所终于形成了一种可持续的科学和组织结构。90年代初,土壤科学研究所进入了一个关键的发展阶段。二十一世纪的第二个十年成为其命运的转折点。迫切需要制定一项发展研究所科学活动的新战略。新战略由三个相互关联的要素组成。第一个是研究的物质和技术基础的现代化;二是通过吸引有积极性的年轻研究人员来增强人力资源潜力;第三个是在合作伙伴——科学知识的使用者之间建立单边和多边互动。互动的主要领域是主题问题:粮食安全、全球气候变化及其对该国的影响。研究表明,只有通过不同的工具和方法获得源源不断的信息,社会才能认可和支持科学研究。关于庆祝V.V.Dokuchaev土壤科学研究所成立100周年的政府决议(2022)确认了土壤科学作为一门基础学科在国家社会经济发展中的重要性。土壤研究中的现代noosphere范式对科学提出了新的挑战,其中最前沿的是V.V.Dokuchaev土壤科学研究所。
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Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva
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