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Determination of soil and ground sealing in functional zones of Volgograd based on remote sensing data 基于遥感数据的伏尔加格勒功能区土壤和地面封闭性测定
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-107-116-138
O. Gordienko
The paper presents the results of interpretation of sealed soils and ground for the territory of Volgograd and its various functional zones. Determination of the sealed portion was performed by means of automated method using ENVI 4.7 software by means of QuickBird space image classification using the “maximum likelihood” method. The study objects were the territories of all districts of Volgograd, as well as residential and recreational functional zones. It was found that the sealed surfaces occupy about 169.4 km2 (20.5% of the total area of the city). However, the city districts and functional zones differ significantly in proportion of sealed areas. The most sealed surfaces were those of Tractorozavodsky (24.2%), Voroshilovsky (33.0%), Dzerzhinsky (37.4%), Centralny (45.2%), Krasnooktyabrsky (39.4%) and Krasnoarmeisky (26.6%) districts of Volgograd. Soil cover of the Sovetsky (13.5%) and Kirovsky (12.9%) districts is least sealed. Sealing of functional zones also varies widely. Thus, the highest values of sealing (up to 63%) characterize the multi-, low- and medium-rise constructions zones. A wide range of values (from 26 to 51%) corresponds to the areas of individual residential development, as well as collective gardens and dachas (from 9.6 to 39.5%). In the recreational zone average sealing is at 27.6% level. Thus, the identified share of sealed surfaces on the territory of Volgograd and its functional zones will allow solving effectively the problems of territorial planning in the further implementation of works on gardening and landscaping of urban areas.
本文介绍了伏尔加格勒及其各功能区封闭土壤和地面的解释结果。密封部分的确定采用ENVI 4.7软件,采用QuickBird空间图像分类,采用“最大似然”法,采用自动化方法进行。研究对象是伏尔加格勒所有地区的领土,以及住宅和娱乐功能区。结果表明,封闭面面积约为169.4 km2,占全市总面积的20.5%。然而,城市区划和功能区在封闭区域比例上存在显著差异。伏尔加格勒的特拉托罗扎沃茨基区(24.2%)、伏罗希洛夫斯基区(33.0%)、捷尔任斯基区(37.4%)、中部区(45.2%)、克拉斯努克佳布尔斯基区(39.4%)和克拉斯诺阿尔梅斯基区(26.6%)的地表密封程度最高。Sovetsky区(13.5%)和Kirovsky区(12.9%)的土壤覆盖度最低。功能区的密封也差别很大。因此,最高的密封性值(高达63%)是多层、低层和中层建筑区域的特征。广泛的价值范围(从26%到51%)对应于个人住宅开发区域,以及集体花园和别墅(从9.6到39.5%)。游憩区平均密封性为27.6%。因此,在伏尔加格勒及其功能区领土上确定的密封表面份额将有助于在进一步实施城市地区园艺和景观美化工作时有效解决领土规划问题。
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引用次数: 2
Phosphate regime of sod-podzolic soil in natural and agrophytocenoses 天然和农作植物群落中灰化土的磷酸盐状况
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-107-92-115
M. Vasbieva, N. Zavyalova
The phosphate regime of sod-podzolic soil (heavy loam) of Cis-Urals under natural phytocenoses (mixed forest, cereal-grass meadow) and agrophytocenoses was studied. The influence of agricultural use of arable land on phosphate regime was evaluated in the long-term stationary experiment (year of establishment – 1978) and the eastern galega (Galega orientalis L.) (year of sowing – 1988). The total content of phosphorus in soil, quantity of its organic, mineral and plant available forms were studied, the fractional composition of mineral phosphates was considered (using Ginzburg-Lebedeva method). The total content of phosphorus in the upper soil layer in all studied objects varied from 1 030 to 1 350 mg/kg. Mineral phosphorus forms prevailed over organic ones in the soil. It was found that the fractional composition of mineral phosphates was 40–62% represented by iron phosphates and 31–48% by calcium phosphates, which is due to the characteristic features of the soil-forming rock – yellow-brown non-carbonate silt drape. Aluminum phosphates amounted to 8–12%. Long-term cultivation of crops during five cycles of the eight-field crop rotation led to a significant decrease in the content of organic phosphorus in the soil. The lower content of iron phosphates (1.6–1.8 times) and the higher content (1.3–2.0 times) of calcium phosphates, available for plants, were observed in the soil of long-term experiment when compared with natural phytocenoses. The content of plant available phosphorus in soil gradually decreased from 239 to 164 mg/kg from the moment of experiment establishment to the fifth rotation. Prolonged fertilizer application (N60P60K60) resulted in the significant increase in mineral and plant available phosphorus forms content in the soil. The residual phosphorus of fertilizers was noted in the Fe-P, Ca-PI and Ca-PII fractions. Under the eastern galega the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the phosphate regime of the soil did not differ significantly from their natural analogues.
研究了天然植篱(混交林、禾草甸)和农植篱下顺乌拉尔地区粗灰化土(重壤土)的磷素动态。采用长期固定试验(建立年- 1978年)和东部galega (galega orientalis L.)(播种年- 1988年)评价了耕地利用方式对磷肥状况的影响。研究了土壤中磷的总含量及其有机、无机和植物有效形态的数量,并考虑了无机磷酸盐的分级组成(采用Ginzburg-Lebedeva法)。所有研究对象的上层土壤全磷含量在1 030 ~ 1 350 mg/kg之间。在土壤中,无机磷的形态比有机磷的形态占优势。结果表明,矿质磷酸盐的分数组成为40 ~ 62%,以磷酸铁为主,31 ~ 48%为磷酸钙,这与成土岩-黄棕色非碳酸盐粉砂覆层的特征有关。磷酸铝含量为8-12%。在8田轮作的5个周期中,长期种植作物导致土壤中有机磷含量显著降低。长期试验发现,与天然植物糖相比,土壤中植物可用的磷酸铁含量较低(1.6 ~ 1.8倍),磷酸钙含量较高(1.3 ~ 2.0倍)。土壤中植物速效磷含量从试验开始至第5轮,由239 mg/kg逐渐下降至164 mg/kg。长期施用氮肥(N60P60K60)导致土壤中矿质和植物速效磷含量显著增加。在Fe-P、Ca-PI和Ca-PII组分中存在肥料残磷。在东部galega下,土壤磷素状态的定量和定性指标与自然类似物没有显著差异。
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引用次数: 1
Recognition (to the 175-th anniversary of the birth of V. V. Dokuchaev) 表彰(纪念V. V. Dokuchaev诞辰175周年)
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-17 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-d-202-225
B. Aparin, M. Zakharova
The article is dedicated to the assessment and the recognition of the merits of V.V. Dokuchaev in different periods. We have divided the stages of the evaluation into three periods, the boundaries of which are taken by the memorable dates since the birth of Dokuchaev (100, 150, 175 years). The recognition of Dokuchaev's merits in each period took different forms and depended on the subject under assessment (what was assessed) and the evaluating subject (who made an assessment). The first period is based on the perception of his contemporaries. In the history of natural science, it is hardly possible to find any other scientist, whose works so seamlessly combined theoretical research with its practical application. Dokuchaev's scientific achievements were highly appreciated in Russia and abroad (gold medal of the International Geographical Congress in Paris, special gratitude from the Imperial Free Economic Society, full Makariev Prize of the Imperial Free Economic Society, full Makariev Prize of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Grand Prix of the World Exhibition in Paris and others). The high state recognition of Dokuchaev is evidenced by the presence of the orders of St. Stanislav and St. Anna. The second period of recognition is associated with the triumph of the scientist's ideas, which were almost completely realized in Russia: a network of research and educational institutions and experimental stations were created, large-scale soil research was carried out, a plan for the transformation of nature was implemented. During this period, events were organized that included: the installation of a monument and a memorial plaque in St. Petersburg, the establishment of a gold medal and an award named after V.V. Dokuchaev, the establishment of grants in universities, the creation of the Central Soil Museum named after V.V. Dokuchaev. The third period is rather a tribute to the scientific merits of the scientist. The highest award of the International Union of Soil Scientists is established (2002); a documentary film dedicated to the 165-th anniversary of the birth of the scientist is released; exhibitions are organized on memorable dates. As recognition of the merits in the creation of a scientific school of fundamental soil science, a scientific conference “Docuchaev conference for young scientists” is organized and held annually. 
本文旨在对多库恰耶夫在不同时期的功绩进行评价和肯定。我们将评估的阶段分为三个阶段,其边界由Dokuchaev出生以来的值得纪念的日期(100,150,175年)确定。每个时期对杜库恰耶夫功绩的认可形式不同,取决于被评估主体(被评估的是什么)和评估主体(谁进行了评估)。第一个阶段是基于他同时代人的看法。在自然科学史上,很难找到像他这样将理论研究与实际应用如此无缝地结合在一起的科学家。Dokuchaev的科学成就在俄罗斯和国外受到高度赞赏(巴黎国际地理大会金奖,帝国自由经济学会特别感谢,帝国自由经济学会全额马卡里耶夫奖,帝国圣彼得堡科学院全额马卡里耶夫奖,巴黎世界博览会大奖赛等)。圣斯坦尼斯拉夫和圣安娜骑士团的存在证明了Dokuchaev的高度国家认可。第二个认可阶段与科学家思想的胜利有关,这在俄罗斯几乎完全实现了:建立了一个研究和教育机构和实验站网络,进行了大规模的土壤研究,实施了自然改造计划。在此期间,组织的活动包括:在圣彼得堡建立纪念碑和纪念牌,建立以V.V. Dokuchaev命名的金质奖章和奖项,在大学设立补助金,建立以V.V. Dokuchaev命名的中央土壤博物馆。第三个时期是对科学家的科学功绩的赞颂。国际土壤科学家联合会最高奖项成立(2002年);纪念这位科学家诞辰165周年的纪录片上映;展览是在值得纪念的日子举办的。由于认识到创建基础土壤科学科学学派的优点,每年组织和举行一次科学会议“多查耶夫青年科学家会议”。
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引用次数: 0
Differentiation of the soil cover of the floodplain of the Middle-Amur Lowland in connection with the evolution of the relief forms 中阿穆尔低地漫滩土壤覆盖的分化与地貌的演变
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-27 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-105-129
V. I. Roslikova, L. A. Matyushkina
The article is based on a long-term study of floodplain soils of the Amur River valley within the north-eastern part of the Middle-Amur Lowland. The results of field work on the soil-geomorphological profile across the Slavyansky Island, located 200 km from Khabarovsk down the Amur River, are discussed. The study analyzes the occurrence of the island's floodplain soils on riolkas[1] and their properties, with an emphasis on morphology and lithological and particle-size composition. The features of soil formation on riolkas of different genesis – alluvial and aeolian – are shown. On sandy and sandy-loam deposits of alluvial riolkas (“meadow-forest” ridges) poorly developed sod gley soils are formed. On heavy loam and clay alluvium of the “meadow“ ridges, annually flooded by river waters, sod-meadow gley soils develop under the woodreed grass stand. Sand deposits of high aeolian riolkas are characterized by a homogeneous fine-grained structure without interlayers, signs of organic matter and with a significant amount of mica. They describe poorly developed sod-forest soils under high-trunk oak forests. The formation of texture-differentiated soils on all types of riolkas was not revealed. When the floodplain reaches the position of the first terrace above the floodplain, the differences in the lithological composition and particle-size distribution, soil texture, height above the water edge and the nature of vegetation on the inherited riolkas provide a multidirectional evolution of soil formation. At the same time, the development is taking place in accordance with the zonal types of soils (sod-forest, brown-earth, texture-differentiated – soil with a bleached horizon (podbel)). The last are mainly formed on clay-loam alluvium, which can overlay not only alluvial, but also some aeolian riolkas. [1]Riolkas are ancient, relatively high sand ridges (extended dunes) with plant cover found in Amur region (Russian Far East).
本文基于对阿穆尔河流域中低地东北部泛滥平原土壤的长期研究。讨论了从哈巴罗夫斯克到阿穆尔河下游200公里的斯拉维扬斯基岛土壤地貌剖面的实地工作结果。该研究分析了岛上冲积平原土壤在riolkas上的分布情况[1]及其性质,重点是形态、岩性和粒度组成。显示了冲积和风成不同成因的riolkas的土壤形成特征。冲积层(“草甸林”山脊)的沙质和砂质壤土沉积物上形成了发育不良的草皮潜育土。“草甸”重壤土和粘土冲积层山脊每年都被河水淹没,在芦苇林下形成草皮草甸潜育土。高风积岩的沙沉积物具有均匀的细粒结构,没有夹层,没有有机物迹象,并含有大量云母。它们描述了高树干橡树林下发育不良的草皮林土壤未发现所有类型的riolkas上的试验土壤。当洪泛平原到达洪泛平原上方第一个阶地的位置时,岩性组成和粒度分布、土壤质地、水边以上高度以及继承的riolkas上植被性质的差异提供了土壤形成的多方向演变。同时,开发是根据地带性土壤类型进行的(草皮林、棕壤、质地分化的——漂白层土壤(podbel))。最后一层主要形成在粘壤土冲积层上,不仅可以覆盖冲积层,还可以覆盖一些风积岩。[1]Riolkas是一种古老的、相对较高的沙脊(延伸的沙丘),在阿穆尔地区(俄罗斯远东地区)发现有植物覆盖。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution of salinity in irrigated soils in the area of the Sarpinskaya hollow in the Caspian lowland 里海低地Sarpinskaya洼地灌溉土壤盐分分布
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-27 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-5-48
E. I. Kravchenko, N. Khitrov, I. Gorokhova
The current state of salinity of irrigated soils in the area of the Sarpinskaya hollow in the Caspian lowland has been studied, using the example of the Duboovrazhny irrigated plot in the Volgograd region. At the peak of irrigation in the 85-90s of the last century, forage grasses were cultivated on the plot, irrigation was carried out by sprinkler irrigation, the groundwater level remained satisfactory, and there were no foci of secondary soil salinization. Currently, the plot is a private farm, where melons and vegetables are grown using drip irrigation, the groundwater level remains satisfactory with local formation of temporal water saturated layer. To identify the features of the process of salinization in irrigated soils in the Sarpinskaya hollow based on the materials of the field work performed in 2018–2019, a model of two-dimensional distribution (depth, distance) of the activity of ions (Ca2+, Cl–, Na+) over several profiles along weakly concave low ranges and elongated hollows between them and across relief wave was created. It was revealed that natural soil salinization predominates in the study plot mainly deeper than 1 m, and results from shallow bedding of Khvalynian chocolate clays at ranges. Solonchakous soils occur in elongated hollows between ranges where surface and subsurface runoff water is accumulated and natural drainability is low. Residual traces of soil secondary salinization expressed in the presence of calcium chloride in the soil solution were found. The maximum values of salts and exchangeable sodium are concentrated in the deeper part of the soil profile. 
以伏尔加格勒地区Duboovrazhny灌溉区为例,研究了里海低地Sarpinskaya洼地灌溉土壤的盐度现状。在上世纪85-90年代的灌溉高峰期,该地块种植了饲草,采用喷灌进行灌溉,地下水位保持良好,没有出现次生土壤盐碱化。目前,该地块是一个私人农场,使用滴灌种植瓜菜,地下水位保持令人满意,局部形成了暂时的水饱和层。为了根据2018年至2019年进行的实地工作材料,确定萨尔平斯卡亚洼地灌溉土壤盐碱化过程的特征,建立了一个离子(Ca2+、Cl-、Na+)活性在几个剖面上的二维分布(深度、距离)模型,这些剖面沿着弱凹低范围和它们之间的细长洼地,并穿过起伏波。研究表明,天然土壤盐碱化在研究地块中占主导地位,主要深度超过1m,这是由一定范围内的Khvalynian巧克力粘土浅层造成的。Solonchackous土壤出现在地表和地下径流水积聚且自然排水能力较低的山脉之间的细长洞穴中。在土壤溶液中存在氯化钙时,发现了土壤次生盐渍化的残留痕迹。盐和可交换钠的最大值集中在土壤剖面的较深部分。
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引用次数: 1
Agroecological evaluation of interrelationships of soil properties in time and space 土壤性质在时间和空间上相互关系的农业生态学评价
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-27 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-163-175
V. Savich, V. Gukalov, A. Sorokin, M. D. Konakh
This paper assesses the relationship between the physico-chemical and agro-chemical properties of sod-podzolic soils in the Moscow region and ordinary heavy-loamy chernozems in the Krasnodar region within the catenas and down the soil profile. Soil properties changed significantly through seasonal dynamics. From the end of April to the middle of June in the soil solution of sod-podzolic soils, the value of Eh varied from 534 to 759 mv, the ratio of NO3/NH4 – from 0.2 to 15.4; the content of water-soluble manganese – from 4.0 to 10.1. At the same time, there was a delay in change of soil properties, as humidity and temperature varied. It is shown that in different intervals of soil properties between individual indicators of fertility, the effects of synergism and antagonism are manifested. The degree of mutual influence of soil properties depended on both the degree of soil fertilization and the degree of their cultivation. Information relationships were manifested not only between the soil properties, but also between the processes. Temporary excessive moistening of the soil led to acidification of the soil in the washing type of water mode, and to alkalinization in the non-washing type. It is proposed to account for the relationship of soil properties with humidity, temperature, pH, and Eh to adjust the components of farming systems.
本文评估了莫斯科地区草皮灰化土和克拉斯诺达尔地区普通重壤质黑钙土的物理化学和农业化学性质之间的关系。土壤性质因季节动态而发生显著变化。从4月底到6月中旬,在sod灰化土的土壤溶液中,Eh值在534到759mv之间变化,NO3/NH4的比值在0.2到15.4之间;水溶性锰的含量从4.0到10.1。同时,随着湿度和温度的变化,土壤性质的变化也有所延迟。结果表明,在不同土壤性质区间,不同肥力指标之间表现出协同和拮抗作用。土壤性质的相互影响程度取决于土壤的施肥程度和耕作程度。信息关系不仅表现在土壤性质之间,而且表现在过程之间。土壤的临时过度湿润导致土壤在水模式的洗涤型中酸化,而在非洗涤型中碱化。建议考虑土壤性质与湿度、温度、pH和Eh的关系,以调整农业系统的组成部分。
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引用次数: 1
Mapping the boundaries of soil horizons using ground-penetrating radar 利用探地雷达绘制土壤层的边界
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-105-57-90
P. Ryazantsev
The article considers the role of GPR in solving problems of soil science, as well as the accuracy of tracking soil horizons using the example of field data. The study of the current state of the issue has shown that there is significant variability in the electrophysical properties of different types of soil. In this case, the dielectric constant of the soil horizons can both increase and decrease with depth. This fact determines the need for parameterization of the soil profile in GPR studies to prevent errors. Based on a generalizing analysis of practical examples, it has been established that the error in determining individual soil horizons by a GPR is on average 2–10 cm, depending on the frequency of the GPR antenna and the structural features of the soil. Experimental and methodological work to substantiate the main conclusions was carried out to trace the soil horizons by the GPR method using the example of typical entic podzol located on the Zaonezhsky Peninsula (Republic of Karelia), the structure and composition of which were described in detail earlier. The survey was carried out by a georadar OKO-2 (Logis-Geotech, Russia) with an antenna unit with a central frequency of 400 MHz. Fieldwork on the study site was carried out along separate transects, according to the reference soil profile. A detailed analysis of the radargrams provided, first of all, tracking the base of the BC horizon. The results obtained showed that the thickness of the soil within the profile varies from 23 to 32 cm, and the average observation error was ± 3 cm. Besides, the influence on the recording of shungite shale fragments and the differentiation of moisture content in the soil horizons was revealed. The presence of shungite shale leads to the formation of diffracted waves and an increase in the amplitudes of the reflected signal, while an increase in humidity is characterized by a decrease in the velocities of the electromagnetic wave.
本文考虑了探地雷达在解决土壤科学问题中的作用,以及利用野外数据跟踪土层的准确性。对该问题现状的研究表明,不同类型土壤的电物理性质存在显著差异。在这种情况下,土层的介电常数可以随着深度的增加和减少。这一事实决定了在地质雷达研究中对土壤剖面进行参数化以防止误差的必要性。基于对实例的概括分析,已经确定,根据探地雷达天线的频率和土壤的结构特征,通过探地雷达确定单个土层的误差平均为2-10厘米。为了证实主要结论,我们进行了实验和方法学工作,以位于Zaonezhsky半岛(卡累利阿共和国)的典型的全体灰阶为例,通过探地雷达法追踪土层,其结构和成分已在前面详细描述。该调查由georadar OKO-2(俄罗斯Logis Geotech)进行,天线单元的中心频率为400 MHz。根据参考土壤剖面,研究现场的实地调查是沿着单独的样带进行的。首先,对雷达图进行了详细分析,追踪了不列颠哥伦比亚省地平线的底部。结果表明,剖面内的土壤厚度在23~32cm之间,平均观测误差为±3cm。此外,还揭示了对顺土页岩碎片记录和土层含水量分化的影响。顺土页岩的存在导致衍射波的形成和反射信号振幅的增加,而湿度的增加以电磁波速度的降低为特征。
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引用次数: 0
The paths of migration of charcoal particles in the post-pyrogenic soils of the taiga and tundra depending on features of fire and environmental factors 林火特征和环境因子对针叶林和冻土带热原后土壤中炭粒迁移路径的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-105-109-145
D. Petrov
The work is devoted to the analysis of the regularities of the movement of charcoal particles in the ecosystems of the middle taiga, northern taiga and southern tundra experiencing the influence of fires. Since coniferous vegetation is subjected to intense combustion, fires often lead to cyclical changes in the vegetation cover. The process of burning leads to the forest litter damage, making the soil cover vulnerable to erosion. Intense fires affect the amount of pyrogenic material that can be stored for thousands of years under favorable conditions. The aim of the research was to estimate the influence of environmental factors on the use of carbonaceous particles in modern time series (from 1 to 119 years). The features of soils (particle size distribution, moisture content), relief features (presence of depressions), the effect of precipitation material after a fire, as well as features of combustible litter were considered. On the territory of the middle and northern taiga, in the Pechora-Ilychsky and Pinezhsky reserves, textural-differentiated and alpha-humus soils are considered. On the territory of the southern tundra, in the area of the settlement Zapolyarny, peat-gley soils are considered. It was revealed that the migration of coal to the depth of the soil profile depends to the greatest extent on the particle size distribution – for example, in more sandy soils, coals are scattered throughout the profile, and in clay soils they are concentrated above the first fine-textured horizon. The nature of the coals determines their shape and size, which depend on the type of burnt plant community. Communities with a scattered stand, dominated by lichens in the moss-lichen cover, burn with the formation of microparticles of coal or dispersed carbonaceous particles that easily move along the soil profile (up to the depth of 80 cm). Plant communities with more tree species in their composition, during combustion form large carbonaceous particles, which are often present in the newly formed litter. Charcoal migration is influenced by both the climatic zone and post-pyrogenic erosion. Thus, depending on the variety of environmental conditions, the speed and volume of movement of carbonaceous particles change significantly both when comparing different natural zones and within one zone. Four schemes have been developed for the motion of charcoal along the profile over time: uniformly diffused, unevenly diffused, barrier and turbation.
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引用次数: 2
The possibilities of using thermal infrared imaging data for detecting the main parameters of arable soil fertility 利用热红外成像数据探测耕地土壤肥力主要参数的可能性
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-105-146-172
P. G. Grubina, I. Savin, E. Prudnikova
: The analysis of the possibility of using the thermal infrared images for detecting soil fertility parameters of gray forest and alluvial arable soils was carried out by the example of a test filed in Tula region of Russia. Together with the sampling of 25 soil probes from the 0–10 cm layer, the open surface of the soil was photographed using a FLIR VUE 512 thermal imager, and the spectral reflectance of the soil was measured. According to the results of the correlation analysis, it was found that the closest correlations for thermal images are observed with the following parameters of soil fertility: the content of humus, nitrogen, exchangeable magnesium and potassium. The correlation coefficient between the humus content and the reflectance in the visible and near IR-regions, as well as with the average value of the reflectance in thermal band exceeds 0.81. In different diapasons of the visible spectrum, the spectral reflectance correlation with the content of exchangeable magnesium and potassium is lower than in the thermal band, where the correlation coefficient with the content of exchangeable magnesium is 0.81, and with the content of exchangeable potassium is 0.65. Power regression equations were constructed for detecting such soil fertility parameters as humus content (R 2 = 0.74), exchangeable potassium content (R 2 = 0.68), and exchangeable magnesium content (R 2 = 0.72) by reflection in the thermal band of the spectrum. The regressions obtained with the thermal imager data and with the spectral reflectance data in the visible and near IR-bands are similar in quality for detecting humus and exchangeable potassium content, while for detecting exchangeable magnesium content they are a bit higher. The obtained results show that thermal infrared images are applicable for detecting the most significant parameters of soil fertility in the test field and can be used as a basis for their real-time remote sensing monitoring.
以俄罗斯图拉地区的一个试验田为例,分析了利用热红外图像检测灰色森林和冲积耕地土壤肥力参数的可能性。利用FLIR VUE 512热像仪对土壤开放表面进行了拍摄,并测量了土壤的光谱反射率。根据相关分析结果,热像图与土壤肥力参数腐殖质、氮素、交换性镁和钾含量相关性最密切。腐殖质含量与可见光和近红外区反射率以及热波段反射率平均值的相关系数均超过0.81。在可见光谱的不同波段,光谱反射率与交换性镁和钾含量的相关系数低于热波段,与交换性镁含量的相关系数为0.81,与交换性钾含量的相关系数为0.65。建立幂回归方程,利用光谱热波段反射检测腐殖质含量(r2 = 0.74)、交换性钾含量(r2 = 0.68)、交换性镁含量(r2 = 0.72)等土壤肥力参数。热像仪数据与光谱反射率数据在可见光和近红外波段的回归结果对腐殖质和交换性钾含量的检测质量相似,而对交换性镁含量的检测质量略高。结果表明,热红外图像可用于检测试验田土壤肥力最重要的参数,可作为实时遥感监测的基础。
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引用次数: 1
The role of biota in soil profile formation and soil functioning: new materials and interpretation of well-known facts and existing concepts 生物群在土壤剖面形成和土壤功能中的作用:新材料和对已知事实和现有概念的解释
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.19047/0136-1694-2020-105-208-225
T. Sokolova
Review of the monograph by A.D. Fokin and S.P. Torshin “Plants in the Life of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Nontraditional Approaches and Solutions on the Behavior of Biologically Significant Elements” published in 2020 by Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN 978-620-253005-7. In the monograph by A.D. Fokin and S.P. Torshin, the reader finds an original and not always traditional for soil scientists, consideration and discussion of a number of fundamental problems of the development of a soil profile and modern soil functioning and of the role of plants and microorganisms in these processes. The authors of the monograph make us think about the validity of some generally accepted concepts and hypothesis, especially those concerning transport flows of matter in soils and their modeling. Attention is drawn to the usually underestimated role of the uplifting – ascending fluxes of matter along the conductive systems of plants, and to the localization of living roots and organic residues in soils. The latter factor plays an important role in the development of intrahorizontal differentiation of the soil material and in the root nutrition of plants. The great advantage of the book is the availability of abundant experimental material obtained by unique methods developed by the authors, simple and effective, which have no analogues in the world literature. Application of these methods, allows, in particular, determining the lifetime of the aggregate in soddy-podzolic soils and establishing the trends in the root uptake of radionuclides from the surface and from the inner part of peds. In the end a general conclusion is formulated that in the course of modern soil functioning, the soil-profile redistribution of matter is performed mainly within the limits of the biological cycle of elements. Many of the problems and ideas discussed Fokin A.D., Torshin S.P., Plants in the Life of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Nontraditional Approaches and Solutions on the Behavior of Biologically Significant Elements, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, 2020, 192 p., ISBN 978-620-2-53005-7. Review of the monograph. Бюллетень Почвенного института им. В.В. Докучаева. 2020. Вып. 105 Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, 2020, 105 211 in the monograph go far beyond the soil science, therefore the book is of great interest for a wide range of specialists in environmental and plant sciences, in agricultural chemistry, forestry and in various branches of geosciences.
d.f okin和S.P. Torshin专著《植物在土壤和陆地生态系统中的生命》综述。《生物重要元素行为的非传统方法和解决方案》由Lap Lambert学术出版社于2020年出版,ISBN 978-620-253005-7。在d.f okin和S.P. Torshin的专着中,读者发现了一个原创的,并不总是传统的土壤科学家,对土壤剖面和现代土壤功能的发展以及植物和微生物在这些过程中的作用的一些基本问题的考虑和讨论。专著的作者让我们思考一些普遍接受的概念和假设的有效性,特别是那些关于土壤中物质的运输流动及其模型。人们注意到通常被低估的沿着植物传导系统的物质上升通量的作用,以及土壤中活根和有机残留物的定位。后者在土壤物质水平内分化的发展和植物根系营养中起着重要作用。本书最大的优点是作者采用独特的方法获得了丰富的实验资料,简单有效,在世界文献中是绝无仅有的。这些方法的应用,特别是可以确定在盐碱化土壤中团聚体的寿命,并确定根部从土壤表面和土壤内部吸收放射性核素的趋势。最后得出结论:在现代土壤功能过程中,物质在土壤剖面上的再分配主要是在元素生物循环的范围内进行的。许多问题和想法讨论了福金A.D,托尔辛s.p.,植物在土壤和陆地生态系统的生命。《生物重要元素行为的非传统方法和解决方案》,Lap Lambert学术出版,2020,192页,ISBN 978-620-2-53005-7。专著的回顾。Бюллетень Почвенного института им。ВВ。Докучаева。2020. Вып。105 Dokuchaev土壤公报,2020,105 211在专著远远超出了土壤科学,因此,这本书是在环境和植物科学,农业化学,林业和地球科学的各个分支广泛的专家非常感兴趣。
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Biulleten'' Pochvennogo instituta im VV Dokuchaeva
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