Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.5.225
Nayeong Kim, Sukmin Yoon, Seong-Su Kim, Young-joo Lee, N. Park
Objectives : The objectives of this study are to assess the degree of uniformity of the flow rate flowing into four grit chamber for actual waste water treatment and to to improve hydraulic structure of the existing distribution channel.Methods : Mobile ultrasonic flow meter was used to measure each flow rate flowing into four grit chambers, and the CFD technique was used to suggest several hydraulic structure improvements for enhancing flow rate evenness.Results and Discussion : From the results of the actual measurement using ultrasonic flowmeter and CFD simulation, The flow rates distributed to four grit chamber through the existing complicated open channels (four outlets) showed a severe unevenness. It was revealed that the flow rate passing through the outlets 1 and 4 at both right anf left ends showed a difference of more than 20% compared to those through outlets 2 and 3 installed in the center.Conclusion : As a result of examining the data of the water level, flow rate, and distribution percentages passing through the 4 distribution channels using the CFD simulation, it was found that case 4 (the case to install the orifice walls on both sides) had the most even flow rate distribution effect. However, as a result of comparing the water levels in case 4 and case 6, the case installing both orifice walls make relatively higher head loss.
{"title":"A study on the Evenness Improvement of Influent Flow rates Distributed to Parallel-arrayed Grit chambers using CFD simulation technique","authors":"Nayeong Kim, Sukmin Yoon, Seong-Su Kim, Young-joo Lee, N. Park","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.5.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.5.225","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : The objectives of this study are to assess the degree of uniformity of the flow rate flowing into four grit chamber for actual waste water treatment and to to improve hydraulic structure of the existing distribution channel.Methods : Mobile ultrasonic flow meter was used to measure each flow rate flowing into four grit chambers, and the CFD technique was used to suggest several hydraulic structure improvements for enhancing flow rate evenness.Results and Discussion : From the results of the actual measurement using ultrasonic flowmeter and CFD simulation, The flow rates distributed to four grit chamber through the existing complicated open channels (four outlets) showed a severe unevenness. It was revealed that the flow rate passing through the outlets 1 and 4 at both right anf left ends showed a difference of more than 20% compared to those through outlets 2 and 3 installed in the center.Conclusion : As a result of examining the data of the water level, flow rate, and distribution percentages passing through the 4 distribution channels using the CFD simulation, it was found that case 4 (the case to install the orifice walls on both sides) had the most even flow rate distribution effect. However, as a result of comparing the water levels in case 4 and case 6, the case installing both orifice walls make relatively higher head loss.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43990424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.5.244
Donghyeon Kim, Jinhee Choi
In recent years, the paradigm of toxicity science is moving toward predictive science. New approach methodologies (NAMs), including in chemico, in silico, and in vitro approach, provides a new feasibility to minimize the whole animal toxicity testing. To support these efforts, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s web-based CompTox Chemical Dashboard was developed and providing relevant data through a curation of diverse substances and predictive tools. In this review, we presented a comprehensive analysis of EPA CompTox Chemical dashboard’s available data, predictive tools and recent case studies using them. We also suggested a perspective of utility of EPA CompTox Chemical Dashboard for implementation of next generation risk assessment and toxicity prediction of environmental chemicals.
{"title":"Utility of EPA CompTox Chemical Dashboard for Next Generation Risk Assessment and Toxicity Prediction of Chemicals","authors":"Donghyeon Kim, Jinhee Choi","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.5.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.5.244","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the paradigm of toxicity science is moving toward predictive science. New approach methodologies (NAMs), including in chemico, in silico, and in vitro approach, provides a new feasibility to minimize the whole animal toxicity testing. To support these efforts, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s web-based CompTox Chemical Dashboard was developed and providing relevant data through a curation of diverse substances and predictive tools. In this review, we presented a comprehensive analysis of EPA CompTox Chemical dashboard’s available data, predictive tools and recent case studies using them. We also suggested a perspective of utility of EPA CompTox Chemical Dashboard for implementation of next generation risk assessment and toxicity prediction of environmental chemicals.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48902046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.210
Jihye Kim, S. Lee, Heejeong Choi, Hyun-Jeong Park, Sokhee P. Jung
Nuclear power generation, which began in the Soviet Union in June 1954, has now become a main source of electrical energy in 33 countries around the world. However, radioactive waste and its safety have always been at the center of controversy, and even after 70 years, there is no official regulation on the disposal of radioactive waste under international law. In this review, the policies and current status of radioactive waste disposal in major countries around the world, including Korea, are investigated. Based on this, the direction for radioactive waste management in Korea was presented. Currently, radioactive waste is disposed of in two ways. Finland, Sweden, and France are conducting deep permanent disposal according to the recommendation of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and Japan, the United Kingdom, and India are promoting reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel to reduce waste and the volume of the repository. Korea has been temporarily storing radioactive waste at the site of the power plant since the completion of Kori Unit 1 in 1978, but it is expected that the capacity of the temporary storage facility will reach its limit in 2031. Accordingly, the securing of a permanent disposal site and the development of reprocessing technology are being studied together, but no tangible results have been achieved so far. Korea's radioactive waste disposal has problems such as a small land area, institutional difficulties in developing reprocessing technology, frequent policy changes, ignorance and indifference, and lack of smooth communication. Although public concern about nuclear power generation has increased due to the Fukushima disaster, not many people are interested in spent nuclear fuel. Within the framework of reprocessing and permanent disposal, Korea should refrain from frequent policy changes that can confuse public opinion and research and development, and come up with a long-term realistic policy.
{"title":"Global Radioactive Waste Disposal Trends and Prospects","authors":"Jihye Kim, S. Lee, Heejeong Choi, Hyun-Jeong Park, Sokhee P. Jung","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.210","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear power generation, which began in the Soviet Union in June 1954, has now become a main source of electrical energy in 33 countries around the world. However, radioactive waste and its safety have always been at the center of controversy, and even after 70 years, there is no official regulation on the disposal of radioactive waste under international law. In this review, the policies and current status of radioactive waste disposal in major countries around the world, including Korea, are investigated. Based on this, the direction for radioactive waste management in Korea was presented. Currently, radioactive waste is disposed of in two ways. Finland, Sweden, and France are conducting deep permanent disposal according to the recommendation of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and Japan, the United Kingdom, and India are promoting reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel to reduce waste and the volume of the repository. Korea has been temporarily storing radioactive waste at the site of the power plant since the completion of Kori Unit 1 in 1978, but it is expected that the capacity of the temporary storage facility will reach its limit in 2031. Accordingly, the securing of a permanent disposal site and the development of reprocessing technology are being studied together, but no tangible results have been achieved so far. Korea's radioactive waste disposal has problems such as a small land area, institutional difficulties in developing reprocessing technology, frequent policy changes, ignorance and indifference, and lack of smooth communication. Although public concern about nuclear power generation has increased due to the Fukushima disaster, not many people are interested in spent nuclear fuel. Within the framework of reprocessing and permanent disposal, Korea should refrain from frequent policy changes that can confuse public opinion and research and development, and come up with a long-term realistic policy.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42542396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.190
E. Kang, J. Joo, So Ye Jang, Hyeon Woo Go, Jungsu Park, Dong-Ho Lee, C. Ahn
Objectives : To confirm both efficiency and sustainability of algal growth inhibition, various laboratory-scale experiments were conducted and the growth inhibitory effect of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was investigated through ultrasonic re-irradiation during the regrowth period after the first ultrasound irradiation.Methods : Experiments with different times of irradiation [i.e., control group A (0 hr), experimental group B (2 hr) applied with only the first ultrasound irradiation, and experimental group C (0.5 hr), D (1 hr), and E (1.5 hr) applied with both first and second irradiations] were performed.Results and Discussion : As a result of both Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration and cell number of M. aeruginosa, the experimental group (B) with only first ultrasound irradiation (2 hr) displayed rapid regrowth of algae after initial decrease whereas the experimental group (C, D, and E) with both first ultrasound irradiation (2 hr) and second ultrasound irradiation (0.5 hr, 1 hr, and 1.5 hr) confirmed the delay of algae regrowth. Based on the specific growth rate constant (µ) and first order decay rate constant (k), algal growth from the experimental groups (C, D, E) with the secondary ultrasound irradiation was more significantly inhibited due to repetitive inactivation of algae growth. According to the SEM and TEM results, damages to algae cells were clearly observed under the influence of ultrasound, and both decrease in gas vesicles and rupture of cell membrane in M. aeruginosa were also monitored.Conclusion : Through this study, the algae growth inhibitory effect by ultrasonic irradiations was confirmed, and the re-irradiation of ultrasound contributed to the repetitive inactivation of algae growth, indicating that the second ultrasonic irradiation time required to inhibit algal regrowth can be reduced compared to the first irradiation. Therefore, periodic ultrasonic irradiation is required for long-term inhibition of algae growth in stagnant waters, but the appropriate frequency of ultrasonic irradiation may vary depending on the influence of various complex factors such as the size of the stagnant waters, the frequency of algal blooms, water temperature, light irradiation, nutrients, flow rate, etc. Finally, many field studies under various conditions are warranted to establish an optimized ultrasound irradiation protocol.
{"title":"Analysis of Growth Inhibition for Microcystis aeruginosa with Periodic Ultrasonic Irradiations","authors":"E. Kang, J. Joo, So Ye Jang, Hyeon Woo Go, Jungsu Park, Dong-Ho Lee, C. Ahn","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.190","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : To confirm both efficiency and sustainability of algal growth inhibition, various laboratory-scale experiments were conducted and the growth inhibitory effect of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was investigated through ultrasonic re-irradiation during the regrowth period after the first ultrasound irradiation.Methods : Experiments with different times of irradiation [i.e., control group A (0 hr), experimental group B (2 hr) applied with only the first ultrasound irradiation, and experimental group C (0.5 hr), D (1 hr), and E (1.5 hr) applied with both first and second irradiations] were performed.Results and Discussion : As a result of both Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration and cell number of M. aeruginosa, the experimental group (B) with only first ultrasound irradiation (2 hr) displayed rapid regrowth of algae after initial decrease whereas the experimental group (C, D, and E) with both first ultrasound irradiation (2 hr) and second ultrasound irradiation (0.5 hr, 1 hr, and 1.5 hr) confirmed the delay of algae regrowth. Based on the specific growth rate constant (µ) and first order decay rate constant (k), algal growth from the experimental groups (C, D, E) with the secondary ultrasound irradiation was more significantly inhibited due to repetitive inactivation of algae growth. According to the SEM and TEM results, damages to algae cells were clearly observed under the influence of ultrasound, and both decrease in gas vesicles and rupture of cell membrane in M. aeruginosa were also monitored.Conclusion : Through this study, the algae growth inhibitory effect by ultrasonic irradiations was confirmed, and the re-irradiation of ultrasound contributed to the repetitive inactivation of algae growth, indicating that the second ultrasonic irradiation time required to inhibit algal regrowth can be reduced compared to the first irradiation. Therefore, periodic ultrasonic irradiation is required for long-term inhibition of algae growth in stagnant waters, but the appropriate frequency of ultrasonic irradiation may vary depending on the influence of various complex factors such as the size of the stagnant waters, the frequency of algal blooms, water temperature, light irradiation, nutrients, flow rate, etc. Finally, many field studies under various conditions are warranted to establish an optimized ultrasound irradiation protocol.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43593717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.201
Jungsu Park
Objectives : Automated machine learning is a recent field of study that automates the process of machine learning model development including proper model selection and optimization. In this study, auto H2O, a novel automated machine learning algorithm, was used to develop a model to predict chlorophyll-a (chl-a).Methods : This study used datasets with different observation frequencies of 1h, 2h, 8h, 24h and 1 week for the development of a machine learning model using an auto H2O algorithm to analyze the effects of measurement frequency of input data on model performance. The effect of the concentration of the input datasets on the performance of the model was also compared by building a model using datasets with observed values of chl-a exceeding 30 mg/m3. The model performance was evaluated using three indices mean absolute error (MAE), Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) and root mean squared error-observation standard deviation ratio (RSR).Results and Discussion : The MAE, NSE, and RSR of the model using the input data with a measurement frequency of 1h were analyzed as 0.8977, 0.9710, and 0.1704, respectively. The higher the measurement frequency of the input data, the better the performance of the model as the NSE of the model using full data was 0.9710, 0.9552, 0.8856, 0.8396, and 0.7509 for the input datasets with 1h, 2h, 8h, 24h and 1 week observation frequencies, respectively. The difference in model performance according to the difference in measurement frequency was larger for the model using data with the measured value of chl-a exceeding 30 mg/m3, as the NSE was analyzed to be 0.8971, 0.8164, 0.5704, 0.5141, and 0.2052, respectively.Conclusion : The auto H2O model for predicting chl-a showed better model performance as the measurement frequency of the input data increased, and the difference in performance according to the measurement frequency was larger in the range of observed chl-a concentrations that exceeded 30 mg/m3.
{"title":"Comparison of Automated Machine Learning Model Performance for Predicting Chlorophyll-a Concentration according to Measurement Frequency of Input Data","authors":"Jungsu Park","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.201","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : Automated machine learning is a recent field of study that automates the process of machine learning model development including proper model selection and optimization. In this study, auto H2O, a novel automated machine learning algorithm, was used to develop a model to predict chlorophyll-a (chl-a).Methods : This study used datasets with different observation frequencies of 1h, 2h, 8h, 24h and 1 week for the development of a machine learning model using an auto H2O algorithm to analyze the effects of measurement frequency of input data on model performance. The effect of the concentration of the input datasets on the performance of the model was also compared by building a model using datasets with observed values of chl-a exceeding 30 mg/m3. The model performance was evaluated using three indices mean absolute error (MAE), Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) and root mean squared error-observation standard deviation ratio (RSR).Results and Discussion : The MAE, NSE, and RSR of the model using the input data with a measurement frequency of 1h were analyzed as 0.8977, 0.9710, and 0.1704, respectively. The higher the measurement frequency of the input data, the better the performance of the model as the NSE of the model using full data was 0.9710, 0.9552, 0.8856, 0.8396, and 0.7509 for the input datasets with 1h, 2h, 8h, 24h and 1 week observation frequencies, respectively. The difference in model performance according to the difference in measurement frequency was larger for the model using data with the measured value of chl-a exceeding 30 mg/m3, as the NSE was analyzed to be 0.8971, 0.8164, 0.5704, 0.5141, and 0.2052, respectively.Conclusion : The auto H2O model for predicting chl-a showed better model performance as the measurement frequency of the input data increased, and the difference in performance according to the measurement frequency was larger in the range of observed chl-a concentrations that exceeded 30 mg/m3.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44253258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.171
Sang-Hun Park, D. Kim, S. Kim
Objectives : In this study, the emission status by year was analyzed using the air pollutant emission data of Gunsan for 5 years from 2015 to 2019. In addition, it is intended to identify the emission characteristics of (Jeonju and Iksan).Methods : Using the air pollutant emission data of the Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS) provided by the Ministry of Environment's National Fine Dust Information Center, the status of air pollutant emissions(CO, NOx, SOx, PM10, VOCs, NH3) in Gunsan was analyzed.Results and Discussion : In Gunsan, CO(car registration number), PM10(cargo transport volume) NH3(farmland using fertilizer, manure management) emissions increased. NOx(production of glass products) SOx{glass (carbon removal process)} and VOCs(whiskey, etc) emissions were reduced. In the emission characteristics, CO and NOx are mainly road transport and non-road transport pollutants(leisure, cargo) and SOx is production process{glass(carbon removal process)} and energy industry combustion(private power plant). PM10 is a non-road moving pollutant(ship, cargo), scattering dust(road scattering dust, construction work, agriculture), and VOCs are food and beverage processing(whiskey, etc) and organic solvent in the production process painting facility (ship manufacturing). NH3 is agricultural(fertilized cropland, manure management) and production processes(ammonia consumption). In the comparison of emission characteristics, Gunsan(CO, NOx, SOx, VOCs), Jeonju(PM10), Iksan(NH3) were high.Conclusion : The emission rate of air pollutants in Gunsan was in the order of VOCs > NOx > CO > SOx > NH3 > PM10. In the comparison of emissions characteristics, Gunsan, Jeonju and Iksan showed the same in NOx and NH3, but different in CO, SOx, PM10 and VOCs characteristics. This case is considered to be influenced by the size of the industrial complex, geographical characteristics of the region, economic structure, and population.
{"title":"A Study on the Investigation of Air Pollutant Emissions (2015~2019) in Gunsan","authors":"Sang-Hun Park, D. Kim, S. Kim","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.171","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : In this study, the emission status by year was analyzed using the air pollutant emission data of Gunsan for 5 years from 2015 to 2019. In addition, it is intended to identify the emission characteristics of (Jeonju and Iksan).Methods : Using the air pollutant emission data of the Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS) provided by the Ministry of Environment's National Fine Dust Information Center, the status of air pollutant emissions(CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, VOC<sub>s</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>) in Gunsan was analyzed.Results and Discussion : In Gunsan, CO(car registration number), PM<sub>10</sub>(cargo transport volume) NH<sub>3</sub>(farmland using fertilizer, manure management) emissions increased. NO<sub>x</sub>(production of glass products) SO<sub>x</sub>{glass (carbon removal process)} and VOCs(whiskey, etc) emissions were reduced. In the emission characteristics, CO and NO<sub>x</sub> are mainly road transport and non-road transport pollutants(leisure, cargo) and SO<sub>x</sub> is production process{glass(carbon removal process)} and energy industry combustion(private power plant). PM<sub>10</sub> is a non-road moving pollutant(ship, cargo), scattering dust(road scattering dust, construction work, agriculture), and VOC<sub>s</sub> are food and beverage processing(whiskey, etc) and organic solvent in the production process painting facility (ship manufacturing). NH<sub>3</sub> is agricultural(fertilized cropland, manure management) and production processes(ammonia consumption). In the comparison of emission characteristics, Gunsan(CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, VOC<sub>s</sub>), Jeonju(PM10), Iksan(NH<sub>3</sub>) were high.Conclusion : The emission rate of air pollutants in Gunsan was in the order of VOC<sub>s</sub> > NO<sub>x</sub> > CO > SO<sub>x</sub> > NH<sub>3</sub> > PM<sub>10</sub>. In the comparison of emissions characteristics, Gunsan, Jeonju and Iksan showed the same in NOx and NH<sub>3</sub>, but different in CO, SO<sub>x</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and VOC<sub>s</sub> characteristics. This case is considered to be influenced by the size of the industrial complex, geographical characteristics of the region, economic structure, and population.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42780327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.181
Jae-eun Bong, Young-Tae Jo, Bo Bae Lee, Jeong-Hun Park
Objectives : This study was conducted to derive an proper mixing amount for the utilize of soil ameliorants manufactured using some industrial by-products, and to examine the effectiveness of soil ameliorants and their applicability in the agricultural field.Methods : The soil ameliorants were prepared using red mud, petroleum refining desulfurized gypsum, and regenerated sulfuric acid. In consideration of the soil environment, after mixing with field soil and then crop growth was carried out. After that, the growth rate was calculated through the survey of growth indicators (number of leaves, leaves lengths, and leaves widths) before and after the growth experiment, and compared by experimental districts.Results and Discussion : Soil ameliorants mixing amounts for crop growth were selected as 0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0%, respectively. When amount of 1.0% of the soil ameliorants was performed the growth rates of the growth index were higher than amount of 0% (control) mixed with the soil ameliorants. This is attributed to the improvement effectiveness of elements necessary for crop growth in the soil environment through the mixing of soil ameliorants.Conclusion : The soil environment (pH) containing 1.0% soil ameliorant is considered to have a positive effect on the effectiveness of factors necessary for crop growth as it falls within the appropriate range of growth. Therefore, after mixing the red mud and desulfurized gypsum in a weight ratio of 100:50, the soil ameliorant neutralized with regenerated sulfuric acid is considered proper for lettuce growth when 1.0% is mixed with soil.
{"title":"A Study on the Proper Mixing amount Derivation of Soil Ameliorants Utilizing the Industrial by-products Characteristics, and Crop Growth","authors":"Jae-eun Bong, Young-Tae Jo, Bo Bae Lee, Jeong-Hun Park","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.4.181","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : This study was conducted to derive an proper mixing amount for the utilize of soil ameliorants manufactured using some industrial by-products, and to examine the effectiveness of soil ameliorants and their applicability in the agricultural field.Methods : The soil ameliorants were prepared using red mud, petroleum refining desulfurized gypsum, and regenerated sulfuric acid. In consideration of the soil environment, after mixing with field soil and then crop growth was carried out. After that, the growth rate was calculated through the survey of growth indicators (number of leaves, leaves lengths, and leaves widths) before and after the growth experiment, and compared by experimental districts.Results and Discussion : Soil ameliorants mixing amounts for crop growth were selected as 0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0%, respectively. When amount of 1.0% of the soil ameliorants was performed the growth rates of the growth index were higher than amount of 0% (control) mixed with the soil ameliorants. This is attributed to the improvement effectiveness of elements necessary for crop growth in the soil environment through the mixing of soil ameliorants.Conclusion : The soil environment (pH) containing 1.0% soil ameliorant is considered to have a positive effect on the effectiveness of factors necessary for crop growth as it falls within the appropriate range of growth. Therefore, after mixing the red mud and desulfurized gypsum in a weight ratio of 100:50, the soil ameliorant neutralized with regenerated sulfuric acid is considered proper for lettuce growth when 1.0% is mixed with soil.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44817986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.127
Jooyoung Park, Y. Jang, Mi-Suk Son
Objectives : This study analyzed Korea’s plastic flows and stocks over the past 40 years to provide a quantitative basis for the nation’s plastic management and circular economy.Methods : Dynamic material flow analysis was conducted to quantify plastic flows across lifecycle stages and to estimate the size of in-use stocks. Focusing on 10 resins and 7 products, the analysis was conducted between 1982 and 2020 and at a national level. Production and trade flows were mainly quantified based on statistical and literature data, while consumption and waste flows were estimated using transfer coefficients. Different from static material flow analysis, waste flows were calculated based on the products’ lifetime distribution functions, and the changes in in-use stocks were estimated.Results and Discussion : Between 1982 and 2020, Korea produced 237 million tons of resins and provided 242 million tons of primary plastic products after the trade. Approximately 207 million tons of final products were consumed, 71% of which was generated as post-consumption waste and additional 3.8 million tons of waste was generated from the manufacturing stage. The amount of in-use stock of plastics was estimated to be 60 million tons. Of the 151 million tons of plastic waste, 24% was landfilled, 29% was incinerated and 47% was entered into sorting and recycling facilities. After sorting and recycling, 27 million tons were estimated to be recycled into products. From 1982 to 2020, per-capita plastic consumption increased from 15 kg to 150 kg, and per-capita waste generation increased from 2 kg to 139 kg. Packaging and containers, or PP and PE represented a major share of plastic consumption as well as waste generation. On the other hand, about half of the plastic stock was used for buildings and more than 50% of the building plastic stock was PVC.Conclusion : This study used a dynamic material flow analysis to quantify plastic flows over time, identify the composition of plastic waste flows according to resins or products, and estimate the size of in-use stocks. Such information on the waste composition and in-use stocks would be useful to improve recycling systems and estimate future waste flows.
{"title":"Dynamic Plastics Flow Analysis for Korea between 1982-2020","authors":"Jooyoung Park, Y. Jang, Mi-Suk Son","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.127","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : This study analyzed Korea’s plastic flows and stocks over the past 40 years to provide a quantitative basis for the nation’s plastic management and circular economy.Methods : Dynamic material flow analysis was conducted to quantify plastic flows across lifecycle stages and to estimate the size of in-use stocks. Focusing on 10 resins and 7 products, the analysis was conducted between 1982 and 2020 and at a national level. Production and trade flows were mainly quantified based on statistical and literature data, while consumption and waste flows were estimated using transfer coefficients. Different from static material flow analysis, waste flows were calculated based on the products’ lifetime distribution functions, and the changes in in-use stocks were estimated.Results and Discussion : Between 1982 and 2020, Korea produced 237 million tons of resins and provided 242 million tons of primary plastic products after the trade. Approximately 207 million tons of final products were consumed, 71% of which was generated as post-consumption waste and additional 3.8 million tons of waste was generated from the manufacturing stage. The amount of in-use stock of plastics was estimated to be 60 million tons. Of the 151 million tons of plastic waste, 24% was landfilled, 29% was incinerated and 47% was entered into sorting and recycling facilities. After sorting and recycling, 27 million tons were estimated to be recycled into products. From 1982 to 2020, per-capita plastic consumption increased from 15 kg to 150 kg, and per-capita waste generation increased from 2 kg to 139 kg. Packaging and containers, or PP and PE represented a major share of plastic consumption as well as waste generation. On the other hand, about half of the plastic stock was used for buildings and more than 50% of the building plastic stock was PVC.Conclusion : This study used a dynamic material flow analysis to quantify plastic flows over time, identify the composition of plastic waste flows according to resins or products, and estimate the size of in-use stocks. Such information on the waste composition and in-use stocks would be useful to improve recycling systems and estimate future waste flows.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48892845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.148
Taeho Kim, Jihoon Shin, YoungWoo Kim, Doyeon Lee, JuEun Beak, Doyoon Lee, YoonKyung Cha
Objectives : In this study, a learning-based optimization method is proposed and implemented for determining new monitoring sites when expanding the roadside air pollution monitoring network. Utilizing the bigdata available in Seoul, this decision-making tool is developed that takes into account the objectives of selecting new monitoring sites and incorporates social, economic, and environmental characteristics. The optimized results can suggest potential locations for new roadside air pollution monitoring sites. Additionally, the capability of this tool to facilitate objective decision-making processes is evaluated by determining the influence range providing reliable air pollution information with the addition of the new monitoring sites.Methods : The proposed learning-based optimization algorithm is a new approach for selecting the new optimal monitoring sites by comprehensively considering social, economic, and environmental factors aligned with the installation purpose of the monitoring system in Seoul. The algorithm starts with genetic algorithms to select candidate locations for new monitoring sites that maximize the influence area of the expanded monitoring network compared to the existing monitoring network, capture a high overall level of air pollution, and do not overlap with the existing monitoring network. After that, PROMETHEE method is applied to evaluate the solutions generated by the genetic algorithm and choose the final solution that best fits six evaluation factors (Information entropy, number of new monitoring sites, distance from point sources, wind speed, traffic volume, and population) to be considered when installing new monitoring sites.Results and Discussion : The learning-based optimization algorithm selects 10 potential new monitoring sites adding to the existing roadside air pollution monitoring network having 15 monitoring sites. The explainable spatiotemporal range of the air pollution information that can be expected after the installation of the new monitoring sites is quantified to cover 84.33% of Seoul, reducing the uncertainty of the air pollution information of existing monitoring network by 26.15%. The final solution, selected from several solutions, can get new optimal roadside air pollution monitoring sites reflecting the regional characteristics of Seoul and the installation purpose of the monitoring system by having a small number of newly established monitoring locations, being close to air pollution emissions facilities, and having a high population and traffic volume.Conclusion : The proposed learning-based optimization method, using relevant variables for the installation purpose of the monitoring system, can derive the objective solution for deciding new monitoring locations of the roadside air pollution monitoring network, considering additional social factors as opposed to urban air pollution monitoring network. The final solution obtained through the optimization algorithm has great potential for
{"title":"Expansion of Roadside Air Pollution Monitoring Network in Seoul using Learning-based Optimization Method","authors":"Taeho Kim, Jihoon Shin, YoungWoo Kim, Doyeon Lee, JuEun Beak, Doyoon Lee, YoonKyung Cha","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.148","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : In this study, a learning-based optimization method is proposed and implemented for determining new monitoring sites when expanding the roadside air pollution monitoring network. Utilizing the bigdata available in Seoul, this decision-making tool is developed that takes into account the objectives of selecting new monitoring sites and incorporates social, economic, and environmental characteristics. The optimized results can suggest potential locations for new roadside air pollution monitoring sites. Additionally, the capability of this tool to facilitate objective decision-making processes is evaluated by determining the influence range providing reliable air pollution information with the addition of the new monitoring sites.Methods : The proposed learning-based optimization algorithm is a new approach for selecting the new optimal monitoring sites by comprehensively considering social, economic, and environmental factors aligned with the installation purpose of the monitoring system in Seoul. The algorithm starts with genetic algorithms to select candidate locations for new monitoring sites that maximize the influence area of the expanded monitoring network compared to the existing monitoring network, capture a high overall level of air pollution, and do not overlap with the existing monitoring network. After that, PROMETHEE method is applied to evaluate the solutions generated by the genetic algorithm and choose the final solution that best fits six evaluation factors (Information entropy, number of new monitoring sites, distance from point sources, wind speed, traffic volume, and population) to be considered when installing new monitoring sites.Results and Discussion : The learning-based optimization algorithm selects 10 potential new monitoring sites adding to the existing roadside air pollution monitoring network having 15 monitoring sites. The explainable spatiotemporal range of the air pollution information that can be expected after the installation of the new monitoring sites is quantified to cover 84.33% of Seoul, reducing the uncertainty of the air pollution information of existing monitoring network by 26.15%. The final solution, selected from several solutions, can get new optimal roadside air pollution monitoring sites reflecting the regional characteristics of Seoul and the installation purpose of the monitoring system by having a small number of newly established monitoring locations, being close to air pollution emissions facilities, and having a high population and traffic volume.Conclusion : The proposed learning-based optimization method, using relevant variables for the installation purpose of the monitoring system, can derive the objective solution for deciding new monitoring locations of the roadside air pollution monitoring network, considering additional social factors as opposed to urban air pollution monitoring network. The final solution obtained through the optimization algorithm has great potential for","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.138
Junbeum Kim, Seoung-Tae Jeon, J. Bae, Geum Pyo Hong
Objectives : The purpose of this study is to introduce an exhaust induction device (EID) for the improvement of combustion efficiency of internal combustion engines and to analyze fuel consumption savings with the installation of EID. To show the effectiveness of EID, The carbon footprint (CF) and particulate matter footprint (PMF) were calculated and compared before and after the EID installation and utilization.Methods : Firstly, the EIDs were installed in 39 Taxi vehicles that use LPG fuel. The monthly fuel consumption data were collected before installation and compared with three months after the EID installation. With the fuel consumption data, CF and PMF were calculated and compared.Results and Discussion : There were a few differences between EID installation Taxi vehicles. The results show that CF was 2.12E+00 kgCO2 eqv., and PMF was 4.54E-03 kgPM2.5 eqv. per 1 km vehicle driving before EID installation. After EID installation, the three-month CF and PMF were reduced to 7%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. The CF and PMF result in each Taxi vehicle reduced from 1% to 27%. The overall results show that the EID installation can improve the combustion efficiency of internal combustion engines and reduce CF and PMF.Conclusion : The carbon and particulate matter footprint should be studied and reduced continuously in the transportation sector. In this study, a new EID for the improvement of the combustion efficiency of internal combustion engines was introduced. Also, CF and PMF were calculated using LPG fuel consumption before and after the EID installation. The results show that the EID installation can reduce fuel consumption, CF and PMF. The EID can significantly reduce fuel consumption, CF, and PMF in gasoline and diesel vehicles, fishing boats etc., producing more emissions. Further studies are needed considering drivers’ driving patterns, weather conditions, etc.
{"title":"Exhaust Induction Device for the Improvement of Combustion Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engine : Carbon and Particulate Matter Footprint Reduction Analysis","authors":"Junbeum Kim, Seoung-Tae Jeon, J. Bae, Geum Pyo Hong","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2023.45.3.138","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : The purpose of this study is to introduce an exhaust induction device (EID) for the improvement of combustion efficiency of internal combustion engines and to analyze fuel consumption savings with the installation of EID. To show the effectiveness of EID, The carbon footprint (CF) and particulate matter footprint (PMF) were calculated and compared before and after the EID installation and utilization.Methods : Firstly, the EIDs were installed in 39 Taxi vehicles that use LPG fuel. The monthly fuel consumption data were collected before installation and compared with three months after the EID installation. With the fuel consumption data, CF and PMF were calculated and compared.Results and Discussion : There were a few differences between EID installation Taxi vehicles. The results show that CF was 2.12E+00 kgCO2 eqv., and PMF was 4.54E-03 kgPM2.5 eqv. per 1 km vehicle driving before EID installation. After EID installation, the three-month CF and PMF were reduced to 7%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. The CF and PMF result in each Taxi vehicle reduced from 1% to 27%. The overall results show that the EID installation can improve the combustion efficiency of internal combustion engines and reduce CF and PMF.Conclusion : The carbon and particulate matter footprint should be studied and reduced continuously in the transportation sector. In this study, a new EID for the improvement of the combustion efficiency of internal combustion engines was introduced. Also, CF and PMF were calculated using LPG fuel consumption before and after the EID installation. The results show that the EID installation can reduce fuel consumption, CF and PMF. The EID can significantly reduce fuel consumption, CF, and PMF in gasoline and diesel vehicles, fishing boats etc., producing more emissions. Further studies are needed considering drivers’ driving patterns, weather conditions, etc.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46219872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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