Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.569
J. Choi, Yelim Park, Sujeong Lee, Kwangsoo Kim, Youngdo Kim, Jae-Hyouk Kwon
Objectives:The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of a rapid and easy to measure alternative indicator for estimating the number of cyanobacteria cells in the field.Methods:Phycocyanin, algal cell number, and water quality items were measured at the left, middle, and right points of Maery Bridge near the Mulgeum and Maery algae monitoring network located downstream of the Nakdong River. The phycocyanin concentration(PC) was measured in the field using the LISST-HAB sensor, which is a fluorescence concentration analyzer, and comparative analysis was performed with the number of algal cells by algae species.Results and Discussion:As a limiting factor for blue-green algae occurrence, the correlation coefficient (r) between T-P and Blue-green algae (BGA) was 0.58 (≥0.3). Phycocyanin and Blue-green algae showed a high significant correlation at 0.96 (≥0.3). Prob (F-statistics) of the blue-green algae cell count estimation formula using phycocyanin was less than 0.05, showing a significant result. The estimation formula was estimated BGA(cells/mL) = 326.95×PC+50,484. As a result of the analysis of the predicted and measured values of Blue-green algae, r2 was 0.988, indicating a high coefficient of determination and 92.5% accuracy.Conclusion: The correlation analysis with the number of cyanobacteria showed a high significant correlation with phycocyanin of 0.96 (≥0.3), followed by T-P, a limiting factor for the occurrence of cyanobacteria, of 0.58 (≥0.3) indicating a significant correlation. In addition, the formula for estimating the number of blue-green algae cells using phycocyanin was found to be BGA (cells/mL)=326.95×PC+50,484 in which r2 was 0.927, and Prob (F-statistics) was less than 0.05. As a result of analyzing the predicted and measured values of cyanobacteria cell numbers, r2 was 0.988, indicating a high coefficient of determination, with accuracy of 92.5%. Through this results, it reveals that the number of cyanobacteria cells can be estimated using the sensor of the fluorescence concentration analyzer at the target point by substituting the phycocyanin concentration into the blue-green algae cell number estimation formula.
{"title":"The Estimation of Blue-green algae Cell Count and Phycocyanin Concentration using Fluorescent Concentration analyzer","authors":"J. Choi, Yelim Park, Sujeong Lee, Kwangsoo Kim, Youngdo Kim, Jae-Hyouk Kwon","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.569","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives:The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of a rapid and easy to measure alternative indicator for estimating the number of cyanobacteria cells in the field.Methods:Phycocyanin, algal cell number, and water quality items were measured at the left, middle, and right points of Maery Bridge near the Mulgeum and Maery algae monitoring network located downstream of the Nakdong River. The phycocyanin concentration(PC) was measured in the field using the LISST-HAB sensor, which is a fluorescence concentration analyzer, and comparative analysis was performed with the number of algal cells by algae species.Results and Discussion:As a limiting factor for blue-green algae occurrence, the correlation coefficient (r) between T-P and Blue-green algae (BGA) was 0.58 (≥0.3). Phycocyanin and Blue-green algae showed a high significant correlation at 0.96 (≥0.3). Prob (F-statistics) of the blue-green algae cell count estimation formula using phycocyanin was less than 0.05, showing a significant result. The estimation formula was estimated BGA(cells/mL) = 326.95×PC+50,484. As a result of the analysis of the predicted and measured values of Blue-green algae, r2 was 0.988, indicating a high coefficient of determination and 92.5% accuracy.Conclusion: The correlation analysis with the number of cyanobacteria showed a high significant correlation with phycocyanin of 0.96 (≥0.3), followed by T-P, a limiting factor for the occurrence of cyanobacteria, of 0.58 (≥0.3) indicating a significant correlation. In addition, the formula for estimating the number of blue-green algae cells using phycocyanin was found to be BGA (cells/mL)=326.95×PC+50,484 in which r2 was 0.927, and Prob (F-statistics) was less than 0.05. As a result of analyzing the predicted and measured values of cyanobacteria cell numbers, r2 was 0.988, indicating a high coefficient of determination, with accuracy of 92.5%. Through this results, it reveals that the number of cyanobacteria cells can be estimated using the sensor of the fluorescence concentration analyzer at the target point by substituting the phycocyanin concentration into the blue-green algae cell number estimation formula.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.578
J. Jo, H. Song, Seok Hyun Kim, Eun Tae Kim, Hyun Do Kim, Ju Yeon Lee, S. Yang, Min Seok Kim, Bo Gyeom Kim, H. Kim, J. Jeong, Jae Hun Kim, Eun Bin Lee, Hyung-Joo Kim
Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of plants on smoking area and its environment. For this purpose, two different smoking areas (with and without plants) were selected, and the number of smokers and spitting behaviors were monitored. Soil and leaves samples of each smoking area were taken to analyze the concentration of cadmium and distribution of soil microorganisms. Through this investigation, the role of plants in smoking area for the cadmium and microorganisms was estimated. Methods:In the selected smoking areas, number of smokers and the number of spitting behaviors were monitored. Cadmium (Cd) concentrations of leaves, topsoil and rhizosphere obtained from the smoking areas were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The microorganisms in soil samples were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing based metagenomics.Results and Discussion:In the case of smoking area with plants, number of smokers and number of total spitting behaviors were 176.67 ± 7.85 and 918.67 ± 40.8 times per hour, respectively. In smoking area without plants, the 153.67 ± 5.44 (smokers) and (829.8 ± 29.36 (spitting behavior) per hour were observed. Among the collected samples from the smoking areas, the highest Cd values (347.117 ± 24.542 μg/kg) were found in leaves of smoking area. In the case of smoking area without plants, the top soil samples showed the highest Cd concentration (295.77 ± 16.64 μg/kg). The results indicate that Cd released from cigarette ash, saliva and smoke can be accumulated in plants and soil. The results suggested that the presence of plants in the smoking area protect the accumulation of Cd in surrounding environments (soil and atmosphere). The metagenomic analysis of the soil samples showed that smoking and spitting behavior also affected microbial system in the smoking areas. The results showed that the microorganisms in smoking area were closely related to the heavy metal removing activities. Conclusion:Results suggested that the cadmium distribution in the smoking areas was significantly affected by the presence of live plants. In addition, the presence of plants in the smoking area induced the difference species microorganisms. These results suggested that the presence of plants in smoking area can protect the spread of cadmium to the surrounding environment.
{"title":"Investigation of Environmental Effect of Plants in Smoking Area through Analysis of Cadmium and Microorganisms","authors":"J. Jo, H. Song, Seok Hyun Kim, Eun Tae Kim, Hyun Do Kim, Ju Yeon Lee, S. Yang, Min Seok Kim, Bo Gyeom Kim, H. Kim, J. Jeong, Jae Hun Kim, Eun Bin Lee, Hyung-Joo Kim","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.578","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of plants on smoking area and its environment. For this purpose, two different smoking areas (with and without plants) were selected, and the number of smokers and spitting behaviors were monitored. Soil and leaves samples of each smoking area were taken to analyze the concentration of cadmium and distribution of soil microorganisms. Through this investigation, the role of plants in smoking area for the cadmium and microorganisms was estimated. Methods:In the selected smoking areas, number of smokers and the number of spitting behaviors were monitored. Cadmium (Cd) concentrations of leaves, topsoil and rhizosphere obtained from the smoking areas were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The microorganisms in soil samples were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing based metagenomics.Results and Discussion:In the case of smoking area with plants, number of smokers and number of total spitting behaviors were 176.67 ± 7.85 and 918.67 ± 40.8 times per hour, respectively. In smoking area without plants, the 153.67 ± 5.44 (smokers) and (829.8 ± 29.36 (spitting behavior) per hour were observed. Among the collected samples from the smoking areas, the highest Cd values (347.117 ± 24.542 μg/kg) were found in leaves of smoking area. In the case of smoking area without plants, the top soil samples showed the highest Cd concentration (295.77 ± 16.64 μg/kg). The results indicate that Cd released from cigarette ash, saliva and smoke can be accumulated in plants and soil. The results suggested that the presence of plants in the smoking area protect the accumulation of Cd in surrounding environments (soil and atmosphere). The metagenomic analysis of the soil samples showed that smoking and spitting behavior also affected microbial system in the smoking areas. The results showed that the microorganisms in smoking area were closely related to the heavy metal removing activities. Conclusion:Results suggested that the cadmium distribution in the smoking areas was significantly affected by the presence of live plants. In addition, the presence of plants in the smoking area induced the difference species microorganisms. These results suggested that the presence of plants in smoking area can protect the spread of cadmium to the surrounding environment.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46958086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.543
Young-Gun Yoon, Jae-Hyeoung Park, Jeong-Hee Kang, June-Seok Choi, Jun-Dae Park, P. Kwak
Domestic wastewater treatment facilities(WTF) in Korea consume a lot of energy and generate greenhouse gases in the process of treating contaminated sewage. In response to climate change and the government's carbon neutrality, measures for energy reduction in WTF is an important issue along with water quality management, and simultaneously, diversification of renewable energy based on treatment facilities is essential. The energy independence and renewable energy utilization by facility capacity were analyzed based on sewage statistics (2019) and operation data of the National Sewage Information System. The amount of energy consumed by WTF was analyzed to be 83.6 million TOE, and the renewable energy produced was 10.8 million TOE. In consequence of analysis, the energy independence of domestic WTF in Korea was 12.9%. Among renewable energy, the contribution of biogas was the highest at 83.6%, but the current status of energy independence is somewhat insufficient to energy independence plan of WTF, requiring support for alternatives and policies to produce and secure additional renewable energy. In order to increase and diversify the use of renewable energy, the integrated digestion biogas of organic waste resources, the use of cooling and heating energy based on sewage heat, and the development of salinity gradient power generation were reviewed. Based on this, it was intended to contribute to the preparation of measures to achieve carbon neutrality in sewage treatment facilities.
{"title":"Analysis on the Utilization of Renewable Energy for Carbon Neutralization in Sewage Treatment Facilities","authors":"Young-Gun Yoon, Jae-Hyeoung Park, Jeong-Hee Kang, June-Seok Choi, Jun-Dae Park, P. Kwak","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.543","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic wastewater treatment facilities(WTF) in Korea consume a lot of energy and generate greenhouse gases in the process of treating contaminated sewage. In response to climate change and the government's carbon neutrality, measures for energy reduction in WTF is an important issue along with water quality management, and simultaneously, diversification of renewable energy based on treatment facilities is essential. The energy independence and renewable energy utilization by facility capacity were analyzed based on sewage statistics (2019) and operation data of the National Sewage Information System. The amount of energy consumed by WTF was analyzed to be 83.6 million TOE, and the renewable energy produced was 10.8 million TOE. In consequence of analysis, the energy independence of domestic WTF in Korea was 12.9%. Among renewable energy, the contribution of biogas was the highest at 83.6%, but the current status of energy independence is somewhat insufficient to energy independence plan of WTF, requiring support for alternatives and policies to produce and secure additional renewable energy. In order to increase and diversify the use of renewable energy, the integrated digestion biogas of organic waste resources, the use of cooling and heating energy based on sewage heat, and the development of salinity gradient power generation were reviewed. Based on this, it was intended to contribute to the preparation of measures to achieve carbon neutrality in sewage treatment facilities.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48479488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.534
N. Park, Suk-min Yoon, Sang-min Park, Mi-ae Yun, Young-joo Lee
Objectives : This study was conducted to suggest field operating conditions that can minimize disinfection by-products for three types of sodium hypochlorite.Methods : In this study, changes in free available chlorine, chlorate and bromate were analyzed according to storage temperature, storage time and presence or absence of sunlight for three types of sodium hypochlorite(two types of bleach and one type of sodium hypochlorite made on-site hypochlorite generator).Results and Discussion : In the case of bleach with 12% free available chlorine, when operating with a target of 10% of more of free available chlorine, the storage time for each storage temperature was 3 days at 40℃, 13 days at 30℃, 27 days at 20℃, 85 days at 10℃, and 200 days at 5℃. In the case of bleach with 5% free available chlorine, when operating with a target of 4% of more of free available chlorine, the storage time for each storage temperature was 37 days at 35℃, 255 days at 20℃, 1,343 days at 10℃, and 4,821 days at 4℃. In the case of sodium hypochlorite with 0.8% free available chlorine made on-site hypochlorite generator, when operating with a target of 0.7% of more of free available chlorine, the storage time for each storage temperature was 10 days at 3 5℃, 42 days at 20℃, 470 days at 10℃, and 1,770 days at 4°C. As a result of evaluating the quality change according to the presence or absence of UV protection, the free available chlorine decreased rapidly when exposed to sunlight, whereas the free available chlorine decreased slowly in the case of indoor storage.Conclusion : Bleach with 12% free available chlorine can be stored for about 60 days at 15℃, and bleach with 5% free available chlorine can be used within about 6 months at 15℃. And sodium hypochlorite with 0.8% free available chlorine can be used within 10 days at room temperature. In addition, when storing sodium hypochlorite, it is suggested that it be stored indoors protected from sunlight.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Relationship Between the Change of Free available Chlorine and the Increase Rate of Disinfection by-products according to Operating Conditions of three Types of Sodium Hypochlorite","authors":"N. Park, Suk-min Yoon, Sang-min Park, Mi-ae Yun, Young-joo Lee","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.534","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : This study was conducted to suggest field operating conditions that can minimize disinfection by-products for three types of sodium hypochlorite.Methods : In this study, changes in free available chlorine, chlorate and bromate were analyzed according to storage temperature, storage time and presence or absence of sunlight for three types of sodium hypochlorite(two types of bleach and one type of sodium hypochlorite made on-site hypochlorite generator).Results and Discussion : In the case of bleach with 12% free available chlorine, when operating with a target of 10% of more of free available chlorine, the storage time for each storage temperature was 3 days at 40℃, 13 days at 30℃, 27 days at 20℃, 85 days at 10℃, and 200 days at 5℃. In the case of bleach with 5% free available chlorine, when operating with a target of 4% of more of free available chlorine, the storage time for each storage temperature was 37 days at 35℃, 255 days at 20℃, 1,343 days at 10℃, and 4,821 days at 4℃. In the case of sodium hypochlorite with 0.8% free available chlorine made on-site hypochlorite generator, when operating with a target of 0.7% of more of free available chlorine, the storage time for each storage temperature was 10 days at 3 5℃, 42 days at 20℃, 470 days at 10℃, and 1,770 days at 4°C. As a result of evaluating the quality change according to the presence or absence of UV protection, the free available chlorine decreased rapidly when exposed to sunlight, whereas the free available chlorine decreased slowly in the case of indoor storage.Conclusion : Bleach with 12% free available chlorine can be stored for about 60 days at 15℃, and bleach with 5% free available chlorine can be used within about 6 months at 15℃. And sodium hypochlorite with 0.8% free available chlorine can be used within 10 days at room temperature. In addition, when storing sodium hypochlorite, it is suggested that it be stored indoors protected from sunlight.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70473727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.636
Hyun-Geoun Park, S. Suh, G. Jo, Jinuk Jang, S. Ki
This study was conducted to assess the performance of a long short-term memory algorithm (LSTM), which was suitable for time series prediction, in the multivariate dataset with missing values. The full dataset for the adopted LSTM model was prepared by running a popular watershed model Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) in the upper Nam River Basin for 3 years from 2016 to 2018, excluding a one-year warm-up period, on a daily time step. The accuracy of prediction for the LSTM model was evaluated in response to various interpolation methods as well as changes in the number of missing values (for dependent variables) and independent variables (containing a fixed number of missing values for either single or multiple variables). Note that the entire dataset is divided into training and test datasets at a ratio of 7:3. Results showed that different interpolation methods resulted in a considerable variation in performance of the LSTM model. Out of them, StructTS and RPART were selected as the best imputation methods recovering missing values for discharge and total phosphorus, respectively. The prediction error of the LSTM model increased gradually with increasing the number of missing values from 300 to 700. The LSTM model, however, appeared to maintain its performance fairly well even in data sets with a large amount of missing values as long as adequate interpolation methods were adopted for each dependent variable. The performance of the LSTM model degraded further as the number of independent variables containing the fixed number of missing values increased from 1 to 7. We believe that the proposed methodology can be used not only to reconstruct missing values in a real-time monitoring dataset with excellent performance, but also to improve the accuracy of prediction for (time series) deep learning models.
{"title":"Assessing the Performance of a Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm in the Dataset with Missing Values","authors":"Hyun-Geoun Park, S. Suh, G. Jo, Jinuk Jang, S. Ki","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.636","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the performance of a long short-term memory algorithm (LSTM), which was suitable for time series prediction, in the multivariate dataset with missing values. The full dataset for the adopted LSTM model was prepared by running a popular watershed model Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) in the upper Nam River Basin for 3 years from 2016 to 2018, excluding a one-year warm-up period, on a daily time step. The accuracy of prediction for the LSTM model was evaluated in response to various interpolation methods as well as changes in the number of missing values (for dependent variables) and independent variables (containing a fixed number of missing values for either single or multiple variables). Note that the entire dataset is divided into training and test datasets at a ratio of 7:3. Results showed that different interpolation methods resulted in a considerable variation in performance of the LSTM model. Out of them, StructTS and RPART were selected as the best imputation methods recovering missing values for discharge and total phosphorus, respectively. The prediction error of the LSTM model increased gradually with increasing the number of missing values from 300 to 700. The LSTM model, however, appeared to maintain its performance fairly well even in data sets with a large amount of missing values as long as adequate interpolation methods were adopted for each dependent variable. The performance of the LSTM model degraded further as the number of independent variables containing the fixed number of missing values increased from 1 to 7. We believe that the proposed methodology can be used not only to reconstruct missing values in a real-time monitoring dataset with excellent performance, but also to improve the accuracy of prediction for (time series) deep learning models.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44610771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.652
Sanghyeok Lee, M. Lee, Woong-Jae Jeon, Min-Soo Son, Sokhee P. Jung
As climate change progresses rapidly, unprecedented weather and natural changes are occurring. After carbon dioxide was identified as the main culprit of global warming and climate change, at the UN General Assembly in 2015, 195 countries signed the Paris Agreement to set greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. However, some countries are either withdrawing from the Paris Agreement or failing to implement it due to their own economic reasons. Reducing the use of fossil fuels increases energy costs. In this context, carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) is emerging as an alternative. In this review, the outline of CCS technology is explained, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, the status of CCS technology, and commercialization cases are investigated and analyzed. In addition, for an in-depth analysis of the CCS technology itself, the following issues were analyzed in depth during the research and analysis process: 1) Efficiency of CCS technology, 2) Comparison of carbon capture and storage capacity between CCS technology and vegetation, 3) Stability of carbon storage through CCS technology. Finally, the policy for carbon capture and storage technology and the development direction of this technology were presented.
{"title":"Current Status and Perspectives of Carbon Capture and Storage","authors":"Sanghyeok Lee, M. Lee, Woong-Jae Jeon, Min-Soo Son, Sokhee P. Jung","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.652","url":null,"abstract":"As climate change progresses rapidly, unprecedented weather and natural changes are occurring. After carbon dioxide was identified as the main culprit of global warming and climate change, at the UN General Assembly in 2015, 195 countries signed the Paris Agreement to set greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. However, some countries are either withdrawing from the Paris Agreement or failing to implement it due to their own economic reasons. Reducing the use of fossil fuels increases energy costs. In this context, carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) is emerging as an alternative. In this review, the outline of CCS technology is explained, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, the status of CCS technology, and commercialization cases are investigated and analyzed. In addition, for an in-depth analysis of the CCS technology itself, the following issues were analyzed in depth during the research and analysis process: 1) Efficiency of CCS technology, 2) Comparison of carbon capture and storage capacity between CCS technology and vegetation, 3) Stability of carbon storage through CCS technology. Finally, the policy for carbon capture and storage technology and the development direction of this technology were presented.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44318403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.643
G. Kim, Seongwon Im, Alsayed Mostafa, B. Bae, Chungman Moon, Dong-Hoon Kim
The recent accelerating global warming and its consequent disasters call for the immediate greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. In this regard, the time has arrived to consider applying global warming potential (GWP) value of 20 years’ time-scale rather than 100 years’ one, and the importance of reducing methane emissions has rapidly increased due to its short life span. Sewer pipeline is the source of emitting methane through biological anaerobic conversion. However, it is not recognized as the official source from IPCC due to lack of data and investigation. In Korea, to our knowledge, there has been no study on GHG emissions from sewer pipeline. In the present work, at first, the amount of methane potential from domestic sewer pipeline was calculated considering various parameters. Depending on the organic concentration of sewage and its degradation rate, the potential amount ranged 3.2-13.4 m ton CO2 eq./yr, when GWP100 value was considered. By using GWP20, this amount could reach up to 40.2 m ton CO2 eq./yr, which exceeds the current total domestic methane emissions (27.8 m ton CO2 eq./yr in 2019). The calculation results clearly tells the importance of developing technologies for reducing GHG from sewer pipeline. Later on, the former technologies were largely divided into chemical and physical methods, and reviewed by each. In addition, the limitation of current technologies were mentioned with addressing future works. In Korea, this is the first study regarding on GHG from sewer pipeline, which will be used for estimating the exact amount and establishing carbon neutrality.
{"title":"The Estimation of Domestic Greenhouse Gas Potential from Sewer Pipeline and the Review on Reducing Technologies","authors":"G. Kim, Seongwon Im, Alsayed Mostafa, B. Bae, Chungman Moon, Dong-Hoon Kim","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.12.643","url":null,"abstract":"The recent accelerating global warming and its consequent disasters call for the immediate greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. In this regard, the time has arrived to consider applying global warming potential (GWP) value of 20 years’ time-scale rather than 100 years’ one, and the importance of reducing methane emissions has rapidly increased due to its short life span. Sewer pipeline is the source of emitting methane through biological anaerobic conversion. However, it is not recognized as the official source from IPCC due to lack of data and investigation. In Korea, to our knowledge, there has been no study on GHG emissions from sewer pipeline. In the present work, at first, the amount of methane potential from domestic sewer pipeline was calculated considering various parameters. Depending on the organic concentration of sewage and its degradation rate, the potential amount ranged 3.2-13.4 m ton CO2 eq./yr, when GWP100 value was considered. By using GWP20, this amount could reach up to 40.2 m ton CO2 eq./yr, which exceeds the current total domestic methane emissions (27.8 m ton CO2 eq./yr in 2019). The calculation results clearly tells the importance of developing technologies for reducing GHG from sewer pipeline. Later on, the former technologies were largely divided into chemical and physical methods, and reviewed by each. In addition, the limitation of current technologies were mentioned with addressing future works. In Korea, this is the first study regarding on GHG from sewer pipeline, which will be used for estimating the exact amount and establishing carbon neutrality.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49371199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.406
Bong-gwan Yu, Kyung-hak Tak, Dong-wook Lee
Objectives : Hazardous air pollutants emitted from industrial complexes also affect neighboring residential areas, so it is necessary to manage the emission facilities of the workplace.Methods : Using SIFT-MS, the concentration distribution of volatile organic compounds in the air was identified in urban areas, non-urban areas, and industrial complex areas.Results and Discussion : The distribution of the annual average concentration of major VOCs in Ulsan was highest in Yeocheon-dong, an industrial area, and in the case of urban areas, the industrial complex is highly influenced by the summer weather characteristics with south or southeast winds. And the Yeocheon-dong, which is an industrial area, showed a higher concentration at nighttime than daytime.Conclusion : Management of emission facilities in industrial areas and long-term monitoring of VOCs are continuously needed.
{"title":"Characteristics of concentration distribution of volatile organic compounds in Ulsan using SIFT-MS","authors":"Bong-gwan Yu, Kyung-hak Tak, Dong-wook Lee","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.406","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : Hazardous air pollutants emitted from industrial complexes also affect neighboring residential areas, so it is necessary to manage the emission facilities of the workplace.Methods : Using SIFT-MS, the concentration distribution of volatile organic compounds in the air was identified in urban areas, non-urban areas, and industrial complex areas.Results and Discussion : The distribution of the annual average concentration of major VOCs in Ulsan was highest in Yeocheon-dong, an industrial area, and in the case of urban areas, the industrial complex is highly influenced by the summer weather characteristics with south or southeast winds. And the Yeocheon-dong, which is an industrial area, showed a higher concentration at nighttime than daytime.Conclusion : Management of emission facilities in industrial areas and long-term monitoring of VOCs are continuously needed.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42996709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.436
Seong-Su Kim, Inseok Seo, Kwanho Jeong
Objectives : A water treatment system, combining aeration and reverse osmosis (RO) processes, was introduced to improve water supply facilities in a small village where additional water treatment was required due to high concentrations of natural radioactive substances, nitrate nitrogen, and fluoride. In this study, CCRO(Closed-circuit reverse osmosis) was first introduced for commercial use in Korea. With this system, we evaluated its water treatment efficiency and effectiveness of blending the aerated water and RO permeate for improved waterworks in rural areas.Methods : The removal rate of major pollutants and other ionic substances was evaluated by analyzing the water quality of raw water and unit processes. In addition, the operational efficiency of a small-scale water supply facility was verified and optimized by evaluating a change in operational characteristics depending on the blending ratio of the treated waters by aeration and CCRO processes.Results and Discussion : Up to 86% of the radon contained in raw water was removed by the aeration process within 2 hours, and 98.9% of uranium, 85.5% of nitrate nitrogen, and 82.8% of fluoride were removed by the RO process. In the case of other ionic substances, more than 80% was removed on average by the RO process. The higher blending ratio of RO permeate up to 75% resulted in the better quality of the final treated water. However, since requiring the high flux and pressure (at 1.8 m3/hr and 7.6 bar, respectively), CCRO operation resulted in a relatively high specific power consumption at 0.27 kWh/m3.Conclusion : In this study, we found that the major contaminants (natural radioactive substances, nitrate nitrogen, and fluoride) were effectively removed by the water treatment system wherein the aeration and CCRO processes were combined. In particular, it was confirmed for the first time in Korea that the stable operation and water treatment efficiency of the CCRO process was satisfactory for commercial purposes. It could produce high-quality tap water through the blending of waters treated by aeration and CCRO, expecting that meeting drinking-water quality standards would be attainable even when raw water contains high-concentration pollutants.
{"title":"Study on Retrofitting of Small-scale Water Supply Facility using aeration and Closed-circuit Reverse Osmosis","authors":"Seong-Su Kim, Inseok Seo, Kwanho Jeong","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.436","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : A water treatment system, combining aeration and reverse osmosis (RO) processes, was introduced to improve water supply facilities in a small village where additional water treatment was required due to high concentrations of natural radioactive substances, nitrate nitrogen, and fluoride. In this study, CCRO(Closed-circuit reverse osmosis) was first introduced for commercial use in Korea. With this system, we evaluated its water treatment efficiency and effectiveness of blending the aerated water and RO permeate for improved waterworks in rural areas.Methods : The removal rate of major pollutants and other ionic substances was evaluated by analyzing the water quality of raw water and unit processes. In addition, the operational efficiency of a small-scale water supply facility was verified and optimized by evaluating a change in operational characteristics depending on the blending ratio of the treated waters by aeration and CCRO processes.Results and Discussion : Up to 86% of the radon contained in raw water was removed by the aeration process within 2 hours, and 98.9% of uranium, 85.5% of nitrate nitrogen, and 82.8% of fluoride were removed by the RO process. In the case of other ionic substances, more than 80% was removed on average by the RO process. The higher blending ratio of RO permeate up to 75% resulted in the better quality of the final treated water. However, since requiring the high flux and pressure (at 1.8 m3/hr and 7.6 bar, respectively), CCRO operation resulted in a relatively high specific power consumption at 0.27 kWh/m3.Conclusion : In this study, we found that the major contaminants (natural radioactive substances, nitrate nitrogen, and fluoride) were effectively removed by the water treatment system wherein the aeration and CCRO processes were combined. In particular, it was confirmed for the first time in Korea that the stable operation and water treatment efficiency of the CCRO process was satisfactory for commercial purposes. It could produce high-quality tap water through the blending of waters treated by aeration and CCRO, expecting that meeting drinking-water quality standards would be attainable even when raw water contains high-concentration pollutants.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45044744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.504
Eun-Ji Cho, Seong-Jik Park
Objectives : In this study, thermo-chemically treated carcasses from livestock burial sites were composted, and kenaf and rice straw were used as moisture control agents for composting. Changes in the characteristics of the compost pile for 60 days were observed, and the physico-chemical characteristics of the comopost were analyzed after the end of the experiment to evaluate the potential for recycling of buried livestock carcasses through composting.Methods : The compost pile was prepared by mixing the treated carcass with kenaf and rice straw in the ratios of 7:3, 6:4, 2:1, and 1:1 (V/V), respectively. Samples were collected on days 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 after deposition to analyze temperature, pH, and EC. The emissions of the three gases H2S, NH3 and CO2 generated were measured. After composting was completed, the characteristics of the compost pile were identified through physicochemical analysis.Results and Discussion : After the initial mixing of raw materials, the temperature increased in all treatment areas after the initial stage. The initial pH of composting was strongly alkaline, then gradually decreased and stabilized on the 50th day of composting. H2S and NH3 are mainly generated in the early composting stage and decreased rapidly. CO2 reached its maximum concentration on day 15 and then decreased. After the end of composting, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents increased compared to before composting. In all compost piles, the organic matter content was over 30%, the moisture content was 4.3~5.9%, and the organic matter to nitrogen ratio was 65.3~82.9. Escherichia coli and Salmonella were not detected in all compost piles. The maturity of compost piles in which carcass and Kenaf were mixed in the ratio of 2:1 and the compost bed in which carcass and rice straw were mixed in the ratio of 6:4 and 1:1 were over 70, showing acceptable maturity.Conclusion : In this study, the recycling potential of livestock burial samples through composting was evaluated. Physico-chemical analysis has shown that kenaf or rice straw and carcass are to be mixed to form a compost pile that can be used as compost.
{"title":"Resource Conversion through Composting of thermo-chemically Treated Buried Carcasses by Mixing with Kenaf and Rice Straw","authors":"Eun-Ji Cho, Seong-Jik Park","doi":"10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.504","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : In this study, thermo-chemically treated carcasses from livestock burial sites were composted, and kenaf and rice straw were used as moisture control agents for composting. Changes in the characteristics of the compost pile for 60 days were observed, and the physico-chemical characteristics of the comopost were analyzed after the end of the experiment to evaluate the potential for recycling of buried livestock carcasses through composting.Methods : The compost pile was prepared by mixing the treated carcass with kenaf and rice straw in the ratios of 7:3, 6:4, 2:1, and 1:1 (V/V), respectively. Samples were collected on days 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 after deposition to analyze temperature, pH, and EC. The emissions of the three gases H2S, NH3 and CO2 generated were measured. After composting was completed, the characteristics of the compost pile were identified through physicochemical analysis.Results and Discussion : After the initial mixing of raw materials, the temperature increased in all treatment areas after the initial stage. The initial pH of composting was strongly alkaline, then gradually decreased and stabilized on the 50th day of composting. H2S and NH3 are mainly generated in the early composting stage and decreased rapidly. CO2 reached its maximum concentration on day 15 and then decreased. After the end of composting, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents increased compared to before composting. In all compost piles, the organic matter content was over 30%, the moisture content was 4.3~5.9%, and the organic matter to nitrogen ratio was 65.3~82.9. Escherichia coli and Salmonella were not detected in all compost piles. The maturity of compost piles in which carcass and Kenaf were mixed in the ratio of 2:1 and the compost bed in which carcass and rice straw were mixed in the ratio of 6:4 and 1:1 were over 70, showing acceptable maturity.Conclusion : In this study, the recycling potential of livestock burial samples through composting was evaluated. Physico-chemical analysis has shown that kenaf or rice straw and carcass are to be mixed to form a compost pile that can be used as compost.","PeriodicalId":52756,"journal":{"name":"daehanhwangyeonggonghaghoeji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46452973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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