Abstract: The article is aimed to the possible trajectory of unmanned aerial vehicles in built- up agglomerations. It points out problems relating to safety, selection of flight corridors and description of the method of movement control of unmanned aerial vehicle according to specified trajectory of its movement. Design proposal of UAV reference trajectory memory block and methods of solving safety and reliability in built-up agglomerations are presented in the article Keywords: Aviation unmanned system; Built-up agglomerations; Safety; Pilot operator; Flight route; Control method; Established trajectory
{"title":"Method of movement control of unmanned vehicles according to specified trajectory of movement and safety considetations","authors":"J. Piľa, F. Martinec","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_01_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article is aimed to the possible trajectory of unmanned aerial vehicles in built- up agglomerations. It points out problems relating to safety, selection of flight corridors and description of the method of movement control of unmanned aerial vehicle according to specified trajectory of its movement. Design proposal of UAV reference trajectory memory block and methods of solving safety and reliability in built-up agglomerations are presented in the article Keywords: Aviation unmanned system; Built-up agglomerations; Safety; Pilot operator; Flight route; Control method; Established trajectory","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45927909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The work analyzed the safety of road bridges during their exploitation in the situation of maximum load. Such bridge loads occur during acceptance tests of the object when the system of cars on the roadway is programmed. Considered in the work is the situation of full load on bridges occurring during a road congestion. Then the layout of the vehicles is inherently random and several of them can form a system of maximum, local load. The results of measurements during the actual congestion created on the bridge with a suspended diagram were related to the results of numerical analyzes. A two-beam span model and a dual carriageway load system in the congestion were adopted. As an extreme case, the load from two vehicles was considered at work, but in a small bridge. A replacement load algorithm was used for comparative analysis. Keywords: Safety of road bridge, Congestion, Numerical analysis
{"title":"Intensity of load on road bridges in a congestion situation","authors":"C. Machelski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_01_01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The work analyzed the safety of road bridges during their exploitation in the situation of maximum load. Such bridge loads occur during acceptance tests of the object when the system of cars on the roadway is programmed. Considered in the work is the situation of full load on bridges occurring during a road congestion. Then the layout of the vehicles is inherently random and several of them can form a system of maximum, local load. The results of measurements during the actual congestion created on the bridge with a suspended diagram were related to the results of numerical analyzes. A two-beam span model and a dual carriageway load system in the congestion were adopted. As an extreme case, the load from two vehicles was considered at work, but in a small bridge. A replacement load algorithm was used for comparative analysis. Keywords: Safety of road bridge, Congestion, Numerical analysis","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45098148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The article discusses the topic of visually impaired pedestrians (with no or low vision) moving along the street crossing. Ways of their moving across the street were presented as well as the negative impact of the crossing geometry on the safety. Then means to improve the safety on the crossing applied in other European countries were described. The authors suggest introducing those improvements in Poland taking into consideration Polish specific conditions. Keywords: roads, pedestrian crossings, people with the visually impaired
{"title":"Pedestrian crossings for the visually impaired people","authors":"Barbara Rymsza, Krzysztof Kaperczak","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_01_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article discusses the topic of visually impaired pedestrians (with no or low vision) moving along the street crossing. Ways of their moving across the street were presented as well as the negative impact of the crossing geometry on the safety. Then means to improve the safety on the crossing applied in other European countries were described. The authors suggest introducing those improvements in Poland taking into consideration Polish specific conditions. Keywords: roads, pedestrian crossings, people with the visually impaired","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The aim of this article is to present the plans for the energy transformation of the Polish railway system in the context of the objectives of the European and national climate policy. After a short introduction and reference to the main sources, the author discusses modern methods of reducing pollutant emissions accompanying the use of traction energy on the railroad. The second part describes the steps of a specific plan with the goal of achieving zero emissions for this mode of transport. The whole is closed with a summary that indicates a general change in the priorities of the European transport policy and the resulting new opportunities and impulses for the development of railways. Keywords: Sustainable transport; Railway; Climate policy; Emissions reduction
{"title":"Decarbonization of rail transport as an element of climate policy","authors":"Jakub Majewski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_21_12_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_21_12_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The aim of this article is to present the plans for the energy transformation of the Polish railway system in the context of the objectives of the European and national climate policy. After a short introduction and reference to the main sources, the author discusses modern methods of reducing pollutant emissions accompanying the use of traction energy on the railroad. The second part describes the steps of a specific plan with the goal of achieving zero emissions for this mode of transport. The whole is closed with a summary that indicates a general change in the priorities of the European transport policy and the resulting new opportunities and impulses for the development of railways. Keywords: Sustainable transport; Railway; Climate policy; Emissions reduction","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49253334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The main aspect of winter maintenance is removing winter slipperiness. The article presents an overview of pavement heating methods that are an alternative to standard methods of dealing with snow and ice. Hydraulic, electric, microwave and induction heating was analyzed. The research and implementation of individual methods were presented. Keywords: Heated pavements; Winter maintenance
{"title":"Review of road pavement heating methods","authors":"Agata Pasztetnik","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_21_12_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_21_12_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The main aspect of winter maintenance is removing winter slipperiness. The article presents an overview of pavement heating methods that are an alternative to standard methods of dealing with snow and ice. Hydraulic, electric, microwave and induction heating was analyzed. The research and implementation of individual methods were presented. Keywords: Heated pavements; Winter maintenance","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42287579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The article discusses how to improve the efficiency of using parking areas reserved for handicapped drivers. The authors notice that by following the current regulations the use of the areas is not optimal if the demand for parking spaces is high. Thus a few examples from the Netherlands are presented: signs allowing for more flexible parking which could be used in Poland. Keywords: Transport policy; Parking spaces; People with disabilities
{"title":"Optimizing of restricted parking spaces – examples from the Netherlands","authors":"Barbara Rymsza, Krzysztof Kaperczak","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_21_12_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_21_12_01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article discusses how to improve the efficiency of using parking areas reserved for handicapped drivers. The authors notice that by following the current regulations the use of the areas is not optimal if the demand for parking spaces is high. Thus a few examples from the Netherlands are presented: signs allowing for more flexible parking which could be used in Poland. Keywords: Transport policy; Parking spaces; People with disabilities","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45461643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_08
L. Skotnicki, J. Kuzniewski
Abstract: This paper presents the possibilities of reusing recycled materials in road pavement constructions. Waste materials came from old and damaged pavement layers. The reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was used to create new layers of road surfaces - the base layers. The base layers were made of mineral-cement-emulsion mixtures (MCE). The main issue was to assess the impact of the RAP in MCE mixes on the physical, mechanical and rheological properties of the recycled base layer. The use of reclaimed asphalt in MCE mixes reduces road construction costs and allows for the ecological coexistence of the investment with the environment. The research results were developed as part of the project entitled "The innovative technology used the binding agent optimization that provides the long service life of the recycled base layer" (TECHMATSTRATEG1/349326/9/NCBR/2017) within the scientific undertaking of Strategic Research and Development Program entitled "Modern Materials Technology" (TECHMATSTRATEG I), which is financed by the National Center for Research and Development (Polish NCBiR). Keywords: MCE mixture; Road pavement recycling; Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP); Cement dusty by-products
{"title":"Application of reclaimed asphalt in recycled road pavements","authors":"L. Skotnicki, J. Kuzniewski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper presents the possibilities of reusing recycled materials in road pavement constructions. Waste materials came from old and damaged pavement layers. The reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was used to create new layers of road surfaces - the base layers. The base layers were made of mineral-cement-emulsion mixtures (MCE). The main issue was to assess the impact of the RAP in MCE mixes on the physical, mechanical and rheological properties of the recycled base layer. The use of reclaimed asphalt in MCE mixes reduces road construction costs and allows for the ecological coexistence of the investment with the environment. The research results were developed as part of the project entitled \"The innovative technology used the binding agent optimization that provides the long service life of the recycled base layer\" (TECHMATSTRATEG1/349326/9/NCBR/2017) within the scientific undertaking of Strategic Research and Development Program entitled \"Modern Materials Technology\" (TECHMATSTRATEG I), which is financed by the National Center for Research and Development (Polish NCBiR). Keywords: MCE mixture; Road pavement recycling; Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP); Cement dusty by-products","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_07
M. Wesołowski, Agnieszka Poteraj-Oleksiak, D. Kowalska
Abstract: In the process of using airport pavements, destructive processes of concrete slabs caused by operational loads and environmental factors are observed. One of the most common damages to concrete surfaces is thresholds (faults) - vertical displacements of the edges of the slabs or displacements on the cracks of the slabs, resulting from damage to the subsoil or foundation. Performing periodic inspections of the technical condition of the pavement allows you to monitor the changes taking place and at the same time plan repairs, which is associated with the selection of appropriate materials for their implementation. This article is devoted to the issue of stabilization and leveling of concrete pavement slabs in the low-pressure injection technology with the use of specialized injection materials (resins). The technology of board re-leveling is used in places of settlement, permanently strengthening the subsoil or substructure, as well as allowing to restore the required parameters of surface evenness. The article presents the results of laboratory tests as well as the results of field tests carried out before and after the injection works, based on the example of works carried out at one of the airport facilities in Poland. The article presents, among others the results of the load-bearing and evenness tests of the pavement and the results of the tests with the use of GPR. The presented technology belongs to non-invasive repair solutions and short-term works. Keywords: concrete pavement; Geotechnical injections; Keystroke plates
{"title":"Stabilization of the subsoil and leveling of concrete paving slabs","authors":"M. Wesołowski, Agnieszka Poteraj-Oleksiak, D. Kowalska","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In the process of using airport pavements, destructive processes of concrete slabs caused by operational loads and environmental factors are observed. One of the most common damages to concrete surfaces is thresholds (faults) - vertical displacements of the edges of the slabs or displacements on the cracks of the slabs, resulting from damage to the subsoil or foundation. Performing periodic inspections of the technical condition of the pavement allows you to monitor the changes taking place and at the same time plan repairs, which is associated with the selection of appropriate materials for their implementation. This article is devoted to the issue of stabilization and leveling of concrete pavement slabs in the low-pressure injection technology with the use of specialized injection materials (resins). The technology of board re-leveling is used in places of settlement, permanently strengthening the subsoil or substructure, as well as allowing to restore the required parameters of surface evenness. The article presents the results of laboratory tests as well as the results of field tests carried out before and after the injection works, based on the example of works carried out at one of the airport facilities in Poland. The article presents, among others the results of the load-bearing and evenness tests of the pavement and the results of the tests with the use of GPR. The presented technology belongs to non-invasive repair solutions and short-term works. Keywords: concrete pavement; Geotechnical injections; Keystroke plates","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_04
A. Kowalewska, Paweł Pietruszewski, Krzysztof Blacha
Abstract: Natural airport surfaces, which are functional elements of airports, such as: runway shoulders, frontal lanes, emergency runway, or working runway, play an important role in the safety of air operations. Both the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) define the load-bearing capacity requirements that natural airport pavements should meet. These documents specify the required California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of 15-20% at a depth of 15 cm below ground level. The previous field tests in civil and military airports have shown that the load-bearing capacity of natural airport pavements sometimes does not meet certain requirements. Due to the fact that airports cannot afford to shut down the airport for a long time, it is reasonable to search for innovative methods of improving the load-bearing capacity of natural airport pavements, which will be effective and quick to implement. Such a method may be the use of an airport grating pressed directly into the natural airport pavement. Keywords: Load capacity; CBR; Natural airport pavement; Safety of air operations
{"title":"Airport grating as a fast and effective method of improving the load-bearing capacity of natural airport pavements","authors":"A. Kowalewska, Paweł Pietruszewski, Krzysztof Blacha","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Natural airport surfaces, which are functional elements of airports, such as: runway shoulders, frontal lanes, emergency runway, or working runway, play an important role in the safety of air operations. Both the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) define the load-bearing capacity requirements that natural airport pavements should meet. These documents specify the required California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of 15-20% at a depth of 15 cm below ground level. The previous field tests in civil and military airports have shown that the load-bearing capacity of natural airport pavements sometimes does not meet certain requirements. Due to the fact that airports cannot afford to shut down the airport for a long time, it is reasonable to search for innovative methods of improving the load-bearing capacity of natural airport pavements, which will be effective and quick to implement. Such a method may be the use of an airport grating pressed directly into the natural airport pavement. Keywords: Load capacity; CBR; Natural airport pavement; Safety of air operations","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41728416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_02
M. Linek, P. Nita, Adam Poświata
Abstract: The technical reliability of concrete airport pavements evolves mainly when the project and its technical and functional solutions in all types of industry works is being developed. In the operation process, the technical reliability of the pavement can be shaped as a result of its' modernization and reconstruction. The effect depends primarily on the quality of the works. Currently, the contractors have high-quality materials and specialized equipment minimising human factor in the process of preparing and placing the concrete mix. Potentially high qualifications of technical personnel and other members of the works crew should be a guarantee of high quality works. The operation process must be characterized by a high level of technical culture and rational maintenance procedures. The publication presents the theoretical model of modernized and reconstructed airport's reliability, paying particular attention to the accuracy and efficiency of its technological implementation. Keywords: Pavement reliability; Quality of pavement works; Operational condition; AFE (airport functional elements)
{"title":"Technical diagnostics and reliability development of concrete airfield pavements in modernization and reconstruction progress","authors":"M. Linek, P. Nita, Adam Poświata","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_21_09_10_11_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The technical reliability of concrete airport pavements evolves mainly when the project and its technical and functional solutions in all types of industry works is being developed. In the operation process, the technical reliability of the pavement can be shaped as a result of its' modernization and reconstruction. The effect depends primarily on the quality of the works. Currently, the contractors have high-quality materials and specialized equipment minimising human factor in the process of preparing and placing the concrete mix. Potentially high qualifications of technical personnel and other members of the works crew should be a guarantee of high quality works. The operation process must be characterized by a high level of technical culture and rational maintenance procedures. The publication presents the theoretical model of modernized and reconstructed airport's reliability, paying particular attention to the accuracy and efficiency of its technological implementation. Keywords: Pavement reliability; Quality of pavement works; Operational condition; AFE (airport functional elements)","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47015605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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